EP0143049B1 - Verfahren zum Läppen von kegelförmigen Oberflächen und Läppvorrichtung zum Verwerten desselben - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Läppen von kegelförmigen Oberflächen und Läppvorrichtung zum Verwerten desselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143049B1
EP0143049B1 EP19840402306 EP84402306A EP0143049B1 EP 0143049 B1 EP0143049 B1 EP 0143049B1 EP 19840402306 EP19840402306 EP 19840402306 EP 84402306 A EP84402306 A EP 84402306A EP 0143049 B1 EP0143049 B1 EP 0143049B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
lapping
abrasive surface
symmetry
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840402306
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0143049A2 (de
EP0143049A3 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marie Penato
Jacques Moal
Guy Chasselinat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
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General Electric CGR SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric CGR SA filed Critical General Electric CGR SA
Publication of EP0143049A2 publication Critical patent/EP0143049A2/de
Publication of EP0143049A3 publication Critical patent/EP0143049A3/fr
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Publication of EP0143049B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143049B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/02—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working surfaces of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/14—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding conical surfaces, e.g. of centres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for lapping conical surfaces, enabling automatic polishing of rough conical or frustoconical surfaces, such as those presented for example after the deposition of a metal layer; it also relates to a running-in device implementing this process.
  • This roughness is formed by a multitude of small peaks distributed at random and which correspond to the grain of the metal.
  • the surface When it is necessary to obtain a smooth surface, for example for an X-ray emitting target, the surface must be polished. If the raw surface is machined, we then notice that the deposited layer has become brittle. In particular it is no longer able to undergo high amplitude high frequency thermal cycles without cracking quickly.
  • abrasive grains come to wear the peaks of the metallic grains, but without producing a shock.
  • the tangential force exerted by the abrasive grains on the roughness of the surface is of low value, because the abrasive grain is maintained by a binder or by a fluid, which itself offers low resistance to tearing.
  • the process according to the invention allows, without having the above-mentioned drawbacks, to carry out the automatic lapping of rough conical or frustoconical surfaces, by determining between an abrasive surface and the surface to be lapped relative movements such as wear by the abrasive is made with the same quality at all points of the conical surface.
  • a method for lapping conical surfaces in which friction is caused between a flat abrasive surface and the conical surface according to a generator thereof, this conical surface admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry of the part, is characterized in that the part being fixed free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry, it consists in moving the part circularly around a first axis which is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface and which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the support, so as to continuously modify a friction angle formed between the generator in contact with the abrasive surface and the mean direction of the latter, and to allow under the effect of friction with the abrasive surface, the rotation of the part around its main axis of symmetry at variable speeds and in alternating directions, according to the position of the pi this compared to the first axis.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the operation of a lapping device 1 according to the invention, allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the device comprises, shown diagrammatically, a support for parts 2 capable of supporting n parts P 1 , ?? P n , by virtue of as many support arms B 1 , ising B n ; n being in the nonlimiting example described limited to 2, the workpiece support 2 supports through a first and a second support arm B t , B 2 a first and a second workpiece P t , 2 2 , having respectively a first and a second conical surface S i , S 2 .
  • These conical surfaces S "S2 are intended to be lapped according to the method of the invention, by friction against a flat abrasive surface 3, represented in FIG. 1 by a straight line in dotted lines.
  • the parts support 2 is provided with a main body 4, to which the first and second support arms B t , B 2 are fixed by one of their ends.
  • the workpiece support 2 comprises an axis of symmetry 5 which constitutes a first axis 5 of rotation, around which it is capable of rotational movement in a direction as shown by the first arrow 6; this first axis 5 being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the abrasive surface 3.
  • This workpiece support 2 is thus kept free in rotation above the abrasive surface 3, by means known in themselves such as for example, a in. tence 7 comprising rolling means 8, in which a shaft 9 is maintained, itself integral with the main body 4.
  • the first and second support arms B 1 , B 2 are fixed by their other end, respectively to the first and to the second part P 1 , P 2 , by means of a first fixing means 10 provided with a rolling pin 11 arranged along a main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 of each part; each main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 being in the non-limiting example described, coincident with a longitudinal axis of the corresponding support arm B 1 , B 2 .
  • Each part P l , P 2 is thus maintained on the side of its base b 1 , b 2 on the one hand, free to rotate about its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 in a first or a second direction, as illustrated by the second and third arrows 13, 14, and on the other hand in contact by its conical surface S 1 , S 2 with the abrasive surface 3.
  • a first and a second angle ⁇ 1 to 2 formed between the first axis of rotation 5 and each of the main axes of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 are such that each conical surface S 1 , S 2 is in contact with the abrasive surface 3 according to a generator G 1 , G 2 of this surface conical, the two generators G 1 , G 2 thus being in the same plane each conical surface S 1 , S 2 admitting as axis of revolution the main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 of its part P l , P 2 .
  • the device 1 and the method according to the invention can run in a single conical or frustoconical surface (not shown), or simultaneously several of these surfaces having different geometries, or similar with angles of cones a 3 , has 4 equals as in the example described; if the angles of the cones a 3 , a 4 are different, the support arms B 1 , B 2 and the axes of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 with which they are respectively aligned, have a different angulation with respect to the first axis of rotation 5. This case is illustrated in FIG.
  • the desired angulation of a support arm B 1 , B 2 can be obtained in different ways, for example by acting on the attachment of this arm to the main body 4 of the workpiece support 2.
  • the support arms B 1 , B 2 are secured to the main body 4 by means of second fixing means 15, articulated around a pivot 16 and provided with locking means 17, allowing the support arms B 1 , B 2 to be maintained at the angles ⁇ 1 , a 2 ; the support arms B 1 , B 2 being in the non-limiting example described of the telescopic type, thanks to a first tube 18 sliding in a second tube 19, allowing them to have an adjustable length L.
  • the support arms B 1 , B 2 further comprise an adjustable pushing force device 20, acting along the main axis of symmetry AS i , AS 2 or longitudinal axis of the support arms, making it possible to adjust the force according to which the part P l , P 2 is in contact with the abrasive surface 3, and in particular making it possible to compensate for the wear of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 .
  • the pushing force device 20 may comprise, for example in a conventional manner, springs (not shown) whose action is adjustable by means of adjustment and blocking means 21, accessible by an opening 22 made in the second tube 19.
  • This device 20 can be secured for example to the first tube 18, so as also to allow the length L of a support arm B 1 , B 2 to be blocked.
  • the workpiece support 2 is coupled to drive means constituted, in the nonlimiting example described, by conventional autonomous motor means 25, for example by means of the shaft 9, in order to cause its rotation around the first axis 5, and thus cause a circular movement of the parts around this first axis; this circular movement taking place parallel to the plane of the abrasive surface 3, the latter also being set in motion by known means, not shown.
  • the second movement or circular movement of the part P l , P 2 is intended to continuously modify the value of an angle called the friction angle (not shown in Figure 1), formed between the line, called the generator in contact with the abrasive surface, and the mean direction A, this angle thus having values continuously variable between 0 and 360 ° for example, if the circular displacement is effected on 360 ° each of these values corresponding to a mean direction of friction (not shown) different according to which the wear of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 and, finally, its running-in.
  • the friction angle (not shown in Figure 1)
  • the rotation of the part P 1 , P 2 about its main axis of symmetry AS 1 , AS 2 or third movement, is a consequence of the first two movements, due to the forces generated by the friction between the abrasive surface 3 and the surface conical Si, S 2 ; it should be noted that this rotation of the part is greater when the line or generator G i , G 2 of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is substantially perpendicular to the direction A of the surface abrasive, and tends to cancel out when this generator G 1 , G 2 is substantially parallel to this direction A.
  • this rotation of the part around its main axis of symmetry takes place at variable speeds and, in opposite directions 13, 14, as is further described in a continuation of the description relating to FIG. 2.
  • the purpose of this rotation or third movement being that, the line or generator G 1 , G 2 of the conical surface S 1 , S 2 in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is constantly renewed, so as to avoid prolonged wear of this generator capable of generating facets (not shown) on the conical surface S 1 , S 2 .
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of the method according to the invention, and represents, from a top view, another version of the lapping device 1 according to the invention.
  • This version shows three parts P l , P 2 , P 3 to be lapped, arranged on a turntable 26.
  • This turntable is intended to be covered with an abrasive (not shown), either integral with the turntable 26, or in suspension in a suitable fluid, in a manner known for clarity of the description, the horizontal surface 3 of this plate represents the abrasive surface 3 previously described, and has the same reference as this.
  • the plate 26 is rotated by conventional means (not shown), so as to rotate around a second axis of rotation 28, represented in the figure by a center of the rotating plate 26.
  • FIG. 2 being a top view
  • the three parts to be lapped are represented by their base b 1 , b 2 , b 3 and are arranged so that their conical surfaces (not visible in Figure 2), are in contact with the abrasive surface 3 of the turntable 26 according to their respective generators G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , as explained above these generators G 1 , G 2 , G 3 are represented by a dotted line, partially coincident in the plane of Figure 2 with the support arms B i , B 2 , B 3 to which the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 are fixed free to rotate, as previously described.
  • the assembly formed by the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be ground in and the support for parts 2 is in equilibrium, and can rotate freely around its substantially vertical axis of symmetry 5, which constitutes the first axis 5 of rotation (represented in FIG. 2 by a point); this circular movement of the parts P l , P 2 , P 3 delimiting on the abrasive surface 3, a friction surface 40.
  • a crown 30 is disposed on the turntable 26, bearing by its wall 31 against rollers 32, so as to be able to rotate on itself, in a direction shown by a fourth arrow 33, around the first axis 5 of rotation; these rollers 32 being held in a fixed position relative to the center 28 of the turntable or second axis of rotation 28, by conventional mechanical means not shown.
  • This crown 30, whose first function may be to correct the flatness of the turntable 26, is arranged around the assembly formed by the parts P l , P 2 , P 3 to be ground in and the parts support 2, that is ie around the friction surface 40, its center being substantially coincident with the first axis 5 or axis of symmetry of the workpiece support 2; this axis of symmetry being maintained in a fixed position in space, by the bracket 7 for example (not shown in Figure 2).
  • the turntable 26 rotates in the direction of a fifth arrow 34 for example, and causes the rotation of the crown 30 on itself, due to the friction forces applied to it by the abrasive surface 3; this rotation of the crown 30 taking place in the direction shown by the fourth arrow 33, this direction also corresponding to that of the circular movement of the parts P 1 , P 2 , P 3 to be run in around the first axis 5.
  • the running-in takes place according to the existing shape of the part P l , P 2 , P 3 , and makes it possible to conserve any undulations of the generator G 1 , G 2 , G 3 of the conical surface of a part that does not have perfect symmetry of revolution.
  • the reversal of the direction of rotation (13, 14) of the rotating part can occur after the position where the generator G, in contact with the abrasive surface 3, is parallel to the mean direction A 1 , of the latter.
  • the parts P l , P 2 , P 3 to be lapped are supported on the abrasive surface 3 or surface of the turntable, by gravity but it is also possible to return to a configuration as that of FIG. 1, where the parts are in abutment on the abrasive surface 3 according to a calibrated force, using as support and as drive means the crown 30.
  • the rotation of the turntable 26 causes the rotation of the crown 30 on itself as previously explained, and the workpiece support 2, integral with the crown 30, rotates with the latter around of the first axis 5; the parts P l , P 2 , P 3 are thus driven in their circular displacement and rotate around their main axis of symmetry shown in FIG. 1, alternately in one direction 13 and in the other 14 as it was previously describes this latter configuration allows the running in of a single piece, as in the example in FIG. 1, and avoids the use of the motor means 25 and of the bracket 7, the drive means thus being constituted by the abrasive surface and crown 3 - 30.
  • the lapping process according to the invention and the lapping device allowing its implementation are applicable to lapping of all conical or frustoconical surfaces, and allow both a considerable improvement in the quality of lapping and, a significant reduction costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum Einschleifen von konischen Flächen, in welchem eine Reibung erzeugt wird zwischen einer ebenen Schleiffläche (3) und der konischen Fläche (S1) wenigstens eines Teils (P1), das eine Symmetriehauptachse (AS,) aufweist, entlang welcher es an einem Teilträger (2) befestigt ist, wobei die Schleiffläche (3) in Bezug auf das Teil (P1) in einer vorgegebenen Mittelrichtung (A, A1) in Bewegung ist und mit der konischen Fläche (S1) in Berührung die die Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) des Teils (P1) als Rotationsachse aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - da das Teil (P1) um seine Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) frei drehbar gelagert ist - es darin besteht, das Teil (P1) um eine erste Achse (5) herum kreisförmig zu verschieben, welche zu der Ebene der Schleiffläche (3) im wesentlichen senkrecht ist und mit der Symmetrieachse des Trägers (2) zusammenfällt, so daß ein Reibungswinkel (a5), der zwischen der mit der Schleiffläche (3) in Berührung stehenden Erzeugenden (G1) und der Mittelrichtung (A, A1) dieser Schleiffläche gebildet ist, andauernd verändert wird und unter der Wirkung der Reibung mit der Schleiffläche (3) die Rotation des Teils (P1) um seine Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) mit veränderlichen Geschwindigkeiten und in abwechselnden Richtungen in Abhängigkeit von der Stellung des Teils (P1) in Bezug auf die erste Achse (5) ermöglicht wird.
2. Verfahren zum Einschleifen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegung der Schleiffläche (3) in einer kreisförmigen Bewegung in ihrer Ebene um eine zweite, von der ersten Achse (5) verschiedene Achse (28) besteht.
3. Verfahren zum Einschleifen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kreisförmige Verschiebung des Teils (P1) um die erste Achse herum auf der Schleiffläche (3) eine Reibungsfläche (40) erzeugt, welche die zweite Achse (28) nicht schneidet.
4. Verfahren zum Einschleifen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktkraft zwischen der konischen Oberfläche (1) und der Schleiffläche (3) eingestellt wird, indem das Teil (P1) längs seiner Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) beaufschlagt wird.
5. Verfahren zum Einschleifen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, wenigstens drei Teile (P1, P2, P3) gleichzeitig zu schleifen, welche mit dem Teilträger (2) eine Einheit bilden, die im Gleichgewicht ist und sich durch Schwerkraft auf der Schleiffläche (3) abstützt.
6. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen von konischen Flächen, welche das Einschleifen der konischen Fläche (5) wenigstens eines Teils (P1) durch die Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 ermöglicht, mit: einem Teilträger (2), wovon eine Symmetrieachse eine erste senkrechte Achse (5) bildet, einer mit einer ebenen sowie waagerechten Schleiffläche (3) versehenen Drehplatte (26), wobei diese Schleiffläche um eine zweite, zu der ersten Achse (5) parallelen Achse (28) in ihrer Ebene in Rotation angetrieben wird, wobei der Teilträger (2) wenigstens einen Trägerarm (B1) umfaßt, an welchem ein Teil (P1) entlang einer Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) des Teils (P1) über ein erstes Befestigungsmittel (10) befestigt ist, wobei das Teil (P1) mit der Schleiffläche (3) entlang einer gegebenen Mantellinie (G1) der konischen Fläche (S1) in Berührung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Teilträger (2) um die erste Achse (5) frei drehbeweglich ist und mit Antriebsmitteln (25, 30-3, P1 - P2 - P3-3) zusammenwirkt, um seine Rotation um sich selbst um diese erste Achse (5) herum zu bewirken, und daß dje ersten Befestigungsmittel eine Lagerachse (11) umfassen, mittels welcher das Teil (P1) um seine Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) frei drehbeweglich ist.
7. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Trägerarm (B1) mit dem Teilträger (2) über zweite Gelenkbefestigungsmittel (15) fest verbunden ist, welche die Einstellung eines zwischen der ersten Achse (5) und der Symmetriehauptachse (AS1) des Teils (P1) gebildeten Winkel (α1) ermöglichen.
8. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Trägerarm (B1) eine einstellbare Länge (L) aufweist.
9. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Trägerarm (B1) eine einstellbare Vorrichtung für die Schubkraft (20) umfaßt.
10. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Antreiben des Teilträgers (2) aus selbstständigen Antriebsmitteln (25) bestehen.
11. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Antreiben des Teilträgers (2) aus der bewegten Schleiffläche (3) und aus wenigstens drei Teilen (P, P2, P3) bestehen, die gleichzeitig eingeschliffen werden, wobei die Reibung dieser Schleiffläche (3) auf diesen Teilen (P1, P2, P3) die Rotation des Teilträgers (2) bestimmt.
12. Vorrichtung zum Einschleifen nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Antreiben des Teilträgers (2) aus der bewegten Schleiffläche (3) sowie aus einem der Reibung der Schleiffläche (3) ausgesetzten Kranz (30) bestehen.
EP19840402306 1983-11-18 1984-11-13 Verfahren zum Läppen von kegelförmigen Oberflächen und Läppvorrichtung zum Verwerten desselben Expired EP0143049B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318401 1983-11-18
FR8318401A FR2555087B1 (fr) 1983-11-18 1983-11-18 Procede de rodage de surfaces coniques et dispositif de rodage mettant en oeuvre ce procede

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EP0143049A2 EP0143049A2 (de) 1985-05-29
EP0143049A3 EP0143049A3 (en) 1986-12-03
EP0143049B1 true EP0143049B1 (de) 1989-09-13

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EP19840402306 Expired EP0143049B1 (de) 1983-11-18 1984-11-13 Verfahren zum Läppen von kegelförmigen Oberflächen und Läppvorrichtung zum Verwerten desselben

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DE (1) DE3479712D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2555087B1 (de)

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CN102513886A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2012-06-27 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种双圆锥形金刚石光栅刻划刀具刃磨方法
CN113927379B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-10-11 三门核电有限公司 一种电磁阀阀座的修复方法及电磁阀

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB596127A (en) * 1945-07-19 1947-12-29 Edwin Massey Wingfield Improvements in or relating to grinding apparatus
US2026429A (en) * 1932-09-30 1935-12-31 Norton Co Lapping machine
FR1077081A (fr) * 1953-03-20 1954-11-04 Dispositif pour le polissage de matières dures de surface étroite
US3641991A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-02-15 Arno Haber Ceramic ware deburring machine and dressing heads
FR2350924A1 (fr) * 1976-05-14 1977-12-09 Shc Machine pour le polissage de la surface interieure d'un moule
US4319967A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-03-16 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Fabrication of palladium anode for X-ray lithography

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DE3479712D1 (en) 1989-10-19
EP0143049A2 (de) 1985-05-29
FR2555087A1 (fr) 1985-05-24
FR2555087B1 (fr) 1987-10-09
EP0143049A3 (en) 1986-12-03

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