EP0139075B1 - Projector unit - Google Patents

Projector unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0139075B1
EP0139075B1 EP84104049A EP84104049A EP0139075B1 EP 0139075 B1 EP0139075 B1 EP 0139075B1 EP 84104049 A EP84104049 A EP 84104049A EP 84104049 A EP84104049 A EP 84104049A EP 0139075 B1 EP0139075 B1 EP 0139075B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fastening means
socket
lightning unit
casing
lightning
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84104049A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0139075A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Thadäus Schydlo
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84104049T priority Critical patent/ATE30074T1/en
Publication of EP0139075A1 publication Critical patent/EP0139075A1/en
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Publication of EP0139075B1 publication Critical patent/EP0139075B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V27/00—Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels 
    • F21V27/02—Cable inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V31/00—Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
    • F21W2131/401—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for swimming pools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a headlight unit with a housing which is sealed by a glass and in which a lamp which is fastened to a base is arranged.
  • Such a headlight unit is known from FR-A-1 582188.
  • the unit is relatively large, since sufficient heat dissipation must be ensured within the headlight housing.
  • the known headlight unit does not allow adjustment of the light cone, as is desired, for example, for headlights for swimming pools.
  • Both lamps that are designed for the usual voltage of 220 volts and low-voltage lamps that work in the voltage range between 24 and 42 V are used for headlights. All of these lamps are filament lamps.
  • the known halogen lamps have a significantly higher light output in relation to their size, they cannot be used for headlights of a smaller design and in particular for headlights in which the heat generated cannot be dissipated sufficiently, since the operating temperature then becomes too high . This means an excessive reduction in lamp life.
  • the headlight known from DE-A 1 597 978 does not show, since it concerns the lamp as such, how the heat dissipation or an adjustability of the light beam can be achieved.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a headlight unit that is characterized by a very strong light output and a variability of the light emission even with a relatively small design.
  • the lamp is a halogen lamp with a reflector coaxially surrounding the lamp and a holder which is coaxial with the base and is sealingly connected to the housing, the base and the holder having mutually facing end faces which are not connected to the headlight axis right-angled inclined surfaces are formed, and the holder and the base can be locked in different relative rotational positions to each other.
  • the inclined surfaces have such a relative rotational position to one another that their inclination with respect to a precisely radial reference plane is canceled. With increasing rotation from this position, these inclinations add up continuously until a rotation angle of 180 ° is reached.
  • the inclination of the light beam with respect to the longitudinal axis of the headlamp is then just as large as the sum of the angles of inclination of the two inclined surfaces.
  • This angle of inclination will expediently be chosen to be of the same size.
  • the size of an angle of inclination can be, for example, between 5 ° and 10 °. Since only little space is required for such a construction, it can also be used for a headlight of the type proposed here.
  • the holder is a pot-shaped holder with a bottom forming the inclined surface.
  • the base is inserted into the cup-shaped holder in the required torsional stiffness.
  • the base has a polygonal cross section and that the holder is provided in a circular arrangement with a number of stops between which the corner regions of the base engage. It will depend on the number of stops at which arc intervals the base can be locked.
  • the rectangular shape is particularly suitable for the base.
  • the stops can also be formed on the side wall of the cup-shaped holder. However, it is particularly advantageous if the stops are pins protruding from the bottom of the holder.
  • the holder has a cable feed-through from the outside to the base, the seal between the housing and the headlight glass or holder and the seal between the holder and the cable feed-through being designed to be gas-tight.
  • the operating temperature in the housing is initially up to approximately 230 ° C. At this temperature, the halogen lamp would have a short lifespan. However, a vacuum is created during the first switch-on time due to the influence of heat in the headlight housing. If this is maintained, the operating temperature drops to approximately 180 ° C. This temperature is already below the average operating temperature of a halogen lamp. It is therefore even possible to increase the average lifespan by at least 50% and in many cases significantly more.
  • the housing of the headlamp can therefore have relatively small dimensions. This even facilitates the gas-tight seal. It is possible to have a headlight housing of, for example, only 10 cm knife with a halogen lamp, whose power consumption is 75 watts and which has the luminosity of a 300 watt lamp.
  • the special sealing of the headlamp housing also in the area of the cable passage also enables the headlamp to be used as an underwater headlamp, which can be regarded as pressure-resistant to a depth of 50 meters and more. Since a halogen lamp is sufficient here, whose operating voltage is only 12 V, there are no safety problems when using the headlight as an underwater headlight or as an exterior headlight.
  • the small design is of course also advantageous insofar as the installation area provided in each case only has to be cut out to a correspondingly small extent.
  • the housing of the headlamp from a correspondingly temperature-resistant and solid plastic.
  • the housing consists of metallic material, as is also known per se for other headlight housings, but if the cable also has an additional conductor which is connected to the housing.
  • this additional cable does not of course have to serve as a ground cable.
  • the invention has recognized that the additional conductor is well suited for achieving additional heat dissipation from the housing. Another advantage is that the heat dissipated by the cable prevents the cable from becoming damp inside, which is important when the headlight is exposed to external moisture.
  • the insulation of the cable and its conductors is removed at least in the inner region of the cable bushing and if the seal consists of a casting compound which is in direct contact with the metallic conductors of the cable.
  • the glass pane covering the front area of the headlight has a conically tapering area on the inside, and that this area lies against the ring seal, the outer diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the glass pane.
  • the conically tapering area causes the pressing force to be broken down into an axial and a radial direction. This achieves a particularly effective seal, while at the same time ensuring that the glass pane is centered automatically in the ring seal. This in turn makes assembly easier.
  • the glass pane can be a parabolic glass, but in such a way that an outer annular surface of the glass pane forms a support surface lying in a radial plane, on which a holder engages from the outside.
  • the parabolic glass causes the light exit angle to be enlarged by several degrees, so that despite the relatively small headlight diameter, there is a relatively wide light exit.
  • the outer ring surface enables the holder to lie sufficiently firmly against the glass pane without causing impermissibly large surface pressures.
  • the housing and the reflector of a headlight are different components.
  • the invention proposes that the inner wall of the housing is designed as a reflector in terms of surface quality and shape. By removing a separate reflector located in the housing, the reflector integrated in the housing can be brought into effect and thus the light emission can be changed. On the other hand, the reflector integrated with the housing can be provided as the only reflector. In this way, the dimensions can be reduced even further if necessary.
  • a headlamp designed according to the invention can also be used in existing fittings on swimming pools, which can optionally also be provided with water or air nozzles or can be used to install operating elements.
  • the installation of the headlamp is particularly simple, to which a cylindrical shape of the headlamp housing and an external thread located thereon contribute.
  • installation in a foil pool is also possible in a simple manner, because then only a lock nut needs to be screwed onto the external thread of the housing.
  • the recessed spotlight has a cylindrical housing 10 which is provided with an external thread 11. There is an annular flange 12 on the front of the housing 10. A headlight glass 13 is inserted therein, which is designed as a parabolic glass, but which has an outer annular surface on the front, which lies in a radial plane and which is designated by the reference number 29 . This is attacked by a screw flange 14, which presses the headlamp lens 13 against an annular seal 15. The outside diameter the ring seal 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the headlamp lens 13, which has a conically tapering area on its underside and abuts the ring seal 15 with this area.
  • the ring seal 15 By tightening the screw flange 14, the ring seal 15 is stressed in the axial and radial directions, the headlamp lens 13 being automatically adjusted.
  • the ring seal 15 therefore lies on the cylindrical inner wall of the ring flange 12 as well as on the radial ring shoulder 16 of the same.
  • a lighting unit consisting of a halogen lamp 17 and a reflector 18 has two contact pins 19 which can be inserted into corresponding sockets of a base 20.
  • the base 20 has the shape of a rectangular plate, the corners of which are rounded.
  • the base 20 On its side facing away from the lighting unit, the base 20 has an inclined surface 21. This forms an acute angle of approximately 5 ° with a plane radial to the headlight axis 22.
  • a cylindrical holder 23 is cup-shaped and provided with an external thread 24 so that it can be screwed into a corresponding internal thread of the housing 10.
  • the inner region of the holder 23 receives the base 20 and circularly arranged pins 30 which protrude vertically from the bottom of the holder 23.
  • the size of the base 20 is matched to the radius of the circular shape and to the distance between the pins 30 so that the corner regions of the base 20 can engage between two adjacent pins 30, so that the base 20 is secured against rotation.
  • a total of 16 pins 20 are provided. This results in an arc distance of 22.5 ° between two adjacent pins 30.
  • One of these pins 30 has a much larger diameter, so that this pin 30 is able to prevent rotation of the base 20 by more than 180 °.
  • the bottom of the pot-shaped holder 23 forms a further inclined surface 25, whose angle of inclination with respect to the aforementioned radial plane is the same as the angle of inclination of the inclined surface 21.
  • the base 20 can be inclined up to a maximum of 10 °.
  • the bottom of the holder 23 merges into a connecting piece 26 which is pierced and is used for inserting a cable 27.
  • the cable 27 has three conductors, two of which are connected to the sockets arranged in the base 20.
  • a third conductor 31 is connected to the holder 23, which, like the housing 10, is made of metallic material.
  • the conductor 31 serves to dissipate the accumulating heat. Not only the conductor 31, but also the two other conductors are freed from the insulation in the upper region of the connecting piece 26. Sealing is carried out with the aid of a casting compound 32, which also comes into contact with the stripped conductors and firmly surrounds them.
  • the inner wall of the housing 10 has a conical shape and can also serve as a reflector if a reflector 18 is not present.
  • the corresponding areas of the inner wall of the housing 10 can be polished or provided with a suitable coating.
  • the holder 23 is screwed into the housing 10 with the base 20. Subsequently, the base 20 is brought into the desired relative rotational position with respect to the holder 23. In this position, the base 20 remains locked with the aid of the pins 30.
  • the lamp unit consisting of lamp 17 and reflector 18 is inserted into the housing 10 through the still open front side of the housing 10, this lamp unit having assumed the desired position after the insertion of the contact pins 19 into the associated sockets of the base 20.
  • the interior of the housing 10 is due to the special design of the sealing areas between the headlight glass 13 and housing 10 and at the connection piece 26 sufficiently gas-tight after the headlight glass 13 is inserted and the screw flange 14 are screwed tight.
  • the latter has arcuate cutouts 28 on its inner edge, into which the fingers can engage when the screw flange 14 is turned.
  • the external thread 11 on the housing 10 enables the same to be screwed into fittings which are embedded in the wall of a swimming pool or in another environment.
  • the pool wall is located between the ring flange 12 and a nut screwed onto the external thread 11.
  • the installation of the headlight in any wall or bracket is possible in a corresponding manner.
  • the holder 23 Without affecting the seal between the housing 10 and the holder, it is also possible to unscrew the holder 23 a little to the rear and thus to pull the lamp 17 and the reflector 18 correspondingly more into the housing 10. Securing in the desired position can be done by an additional nut that is screwed onto the external thread 24. This allows the width of the illuminated field to be reduced.
  • the lamp 17 can also be replaced from the rear, provided that it does not form a structural unit with the reflector 18.

Abstract

1. A lightning unit comprising a casing sealingly covered by glass means and further comprising a lamp fastened to a socket in said casing, characterized in that said lamp is a halogen bulb with a reflector coaxially surrounding the halogen bulb which has fastening means (23) arranged in coaxial relationship to said socket (20) and sealingly connected to said casing (10), wherein said socket (20) and said fastening means (23) comprise faces in mutually opposed relationship, said faces forming bevelling surfaces (21, 25) inclined, with respect to the lightning unit axis (22), at an angle different from a right angle, and wherein said fastening means (23) and said socket (20) are lockingly engageable in different relative rotary positions with respect to each other.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Scheinwerfereinheit mit einem von einem Glas dichtend abgedeckten Gehäuse, in dem eine auf einem Sockel befestigte Lampe angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a headlight unit with a housing which is sealed by a glass and in which a lamp which is fastened to a base is arranged.

Eine solche Scheinwerfereinheit ist aus der FR-A-1 582188 bekannt. Die Einheit ist jedoch verhältnismäßig groß, da innerhalb des Scheinwerfergehäuses für eine ausreichende Wärmeabfuhr gesorgt werden muß. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die bekannte Scheinwerfereinheit keine Einstellung des Lichtkegels, wie dies zum Beispiel bei Scheinwerfern für Schwimmbecken gewünscht wird.Such a headlight unit is known from FR-A-1 582188. However, the unit is relatively large, since sufficient heat dissipation must be ensured within the headlight housing. In addition, the known headlight unit does not allow adjustment of the light cone, as is desired, for example, for headlights for swimming pools.

Die Baugröße dieser Scheinwerfer wird vielfach als störend empfunden. Wenn man jedoch die Baugröße verringert, werden die mit der notwendigen Wärmeabfuhr beziehungsweise Verstellbarkeit verbundenen Schwierigkeiten größer, insbesondere dann, wenn die Lichtleistung des Scheinwerfers nicht entsprechend herabgesetzt werden soll.The size of these headlights is often perceived as annoying. However, if the size is reduced, the difficulties associated with the necessary heat dissipation or adjustability become greater, especially if the light output of the headlamp is not to be reduced accordingly.

Es werden für Scheinwerfer sowohl Lampen verwendet, die für die übliche Spannung von 220 Volt ausgelegt sind, als auch Niederspannungslampen, die im Spannungsbereich zwischen 24 und 42 V arbeiten. Bei allen diesen Lampen handelt es sich um Glühfadenlampen. Obwohl die bekannten Halogen-Lampen im Verhältnis zu ihrer Baugröße eine wesentlich höhere Lichtleistung haben, lassen sie sich für Scheinwerfer kleinerer Bauart und insbesondere für Scheinwerfer, bei denen sich entstehende Wärme nicht ausreichend abführen läßt, nicht anwenden, denn es wird die Betriebstemperatur dann zu hoch. Dies bedeutet eine zu starke Herabsetzung der Lampen-Lebensdauer.Both lamps that are designed for the usual voltage of 220 volts and low-voltage lamps that work in the voltage range between 24 and 42 V are used for headlights. All of these lamps are filament lamps. Although the known halogen lamps have a significantly higher light output in relation to their size, they cannot be used for headlights of a smaller design and in particular for headlights in which the heat generated cannot be dissipated sufficiently, since the operating temperature then becomes too high . This means an excessive reduction in lamp life.

Auch der aus der DE-A 1 597 978 bekannte Scheinwerfer läßt nicht erkennen, da er die Lampe als solche betrifft, wie die Wärmeabfuhr beziehungsweise eine Verstellbarkeit des Lichtstrahles erreicht werden kann.Also the headlight known from DE-A 1 597 978 does not show, since it concerns the lamp as such, how the heat dissipation or an adjustability of the light beam can be achieved.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Scheinwerfereinheit zu schaffen, die sich auch bei verhältnismäßig kleiner Bauweise durch eine sehr starke Lichtleistung sowie eine Veränderbarkeit des Lichtaustritts auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to provide a headlight unit that is characterized by a very strong light output and a variability of the light emission even with a relatively small design.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Lampe eine Halogenlampe ist mit einem die Lampe koaxial umgebenden Reflektor und einer zum Sockel koaxialen, mit dem Gehäuse dichtend verbundenen Halterung, wobei der Sockel und die Halterung einander zugewandte Stirnseiten aufweisen, die als mit der Scheinwerferachse einen nicht rechten Winkel bildende Schrägflächen ausgebildet sind, und die Halterung und der Sockel in unterschiedlichen relativen Drehstellungen zueinander arretierbar sind.This is achieved according to the invention in that the lamp is a halogen lamp with a reflector coaxially surrounding the lamp and a holder which is coaxial with the base and is sealingly connected to the housing, the base and the holder having mutually facing end faces which are not connected to the headlight axis right-angled inclined surfaces are formed, and the holder and the base can be locked in different relative rotational positions to each other.

Wenn der Lichtstrahl in genau axialer Richtung aus dem Scheinwerfer austritt, haben die Schrägflächen eine solche relative Drehlage zueinander, daß sich ihre Neigung gegenüber einer genau radialen Bezugsebene aufhebt. Mit zunehmender Drehung aus dieser Stellung heraus summieren sich diese Neigungen kontinuierlich, bis ein Drehwinkel von 180° erreicht ist. Die Neigung des Lichtstrahls gegenüber der Längsachse des Scheinwerfers ist dann genauso groß wie die Summe der Neigungswinkel der beiden Schrägflächen. Diese Neigungswinkel wird man zweckmäßigerweise gleich groß wählen. Die Größe eines Neigungswinkels kann beispielsweise zwischen 5° und 10° liegen. Da für eine derartige Konstruktion nur wenig Raum beansprucht wird, ist sie auch für einen Scheinwerfer der hier vorgeschlagenen Art verwendbar.If the light beam emerges from the headlamp in the exact axial direction, the inclined surfaces have such a relative rotational position to one another that their inclination with respect to a precisely radial reference plane is canceled. With increasing rotation from this position, these inclinations add up continuously until a rotation angle of 180 ° is reached. The inclination of the light beam with respect to the longitudinal axis of the headlamp is then just as large as the sum of the angles of inclination of the two inclined surfaces. This angle of inclination will expediently be chosen to be of the same size. The size of an angle of inclination can be, for example, between 5 ° and 10 °. Since only little space is required for such a construction, it can also be used for a headlight of the type proposed here.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Halterung eine topfförmige Halterung mit einem die Schrägfläche bildenden Boden. Der Sockel wird in der jeweils gewünschtentDrehsteifung entsprechend in die topfförmige Halterung eingesetzt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holder is a pot-shaped holder with a bottom forming the inclined surface. The base is inserted into the cup-shaped holder in the required torsional stiffness.

Um den Sockel gegen eine unkontrollierte Drehung zu sichern, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß der Sockel einen polygonalen Querschnitt hat und daß die Halterung in kreisringförmiger Anordnung mit einer Anzahl von Anschlägen versehen ist, zwischen die die Eckbereiche des Sockels eingreifen. Es wird von der Anzahl der Anschläge abhängen, in welchen Bogenabständen der Sockel jeweils arretierbar ist. Die Rechteckform ist für den Sockel besonders geeignet.In order to secure the base against uncontrolled rotation, it is proposed according to the invention that the base has a polygonal cross section and that the holder is provided in a circular arrangement with a number of stops between which the corner regions of the base engage. It will depend on the number of stops at which arc intervals the base can be locked. The rectangular shape is particularly suitable for the base.

Die Anschläge können zwar auch an der Seitenwand der topfförmigen Halterung ausgebildet sein. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn die Anschläge aus dem Boden der Halterung hervorstehende Stifte sind.The stops can also be formed on the side wall of the cup-shaped holder. However, it is particularly advantageous if the stops are pins protruding from the bottom of the holder.

Erfindungsgemäß ist weiter vorgesehen, daß die Halterung eine Kabeldurchführung von außen zum Sockel aufweist, wobei die Abdichtung zwischen Gehäuse und Scheinwerferglas beziehungsweise Halterung sowie die Abdichtung zwischen Halterung und der Kabeldurchführung zur Einstellung eines Unterdrucks gasdicht ausgebildet ist.According to the invention it is further provided that the holder has a cable feed-through from the outside to the base, the seal between the housing and the headlight glass or holder and the seal between the holder and the cable feed-through being designed to be gas-tight.

Beim Einschalten der Halogen-Lampe beträgt die Betriebstemperatur im Gehäuse zunächst bis etwa 230 °C. Bei dieser Temperatur würde die Halogen-Lampe eine zu geringe Lebensdauer haben. Es entsteht jedoch während der ersten Einschaltzeit durch den Wärmeeinfluß im Gehäuse des Scheinwerfers ein Unterdruck. Wenn dieser aufrechterhalten wird, sinkt die Betriebstemperatur auf etwa 180 °C. Diese Temperatur liegt bereits unter der durchschnittlichen Betriebstemperatur einer Halogen-Lampe. Es läßt sich deshalb sogar die durchschnittliche Lebensdauer um mindestens 50 % und vielfach noch bedeutend mehr erhöhen.When the halogen lamp is switched on, the operating temperature in the housing is initially up to approximately 230 ° C. At this temperature, the halogen lamp would have a short lifespan. However, a vacuum is created during the first switch-on time due to the influence of heat in the headlight housing. If this is maintained, the operating temperature drops to approximately 180 ° C. This temperature is already below the average operating temperature of a halogen lamp. It is therefore even possible to increase the average lifespan by at least 50% and in many cases significantly more.

Das Gehäuse des Scheinwerfers kann also verhältnismäßig geringe Abmessungen haben. Dies erleichtert im übrigen sogar auch die gasdichte Abdichtung. Es ist möglich, ein Scheinwerfergehäuse von beispielsweise nur 10 cm Durchmesser mit einer Halogen-Lampe zu versehen, deren Stromaufnahme 75 Watt beträgt und die die Leuchtkraft einer 300 Watt-Lampe hat.The housing of the headlamp can therefore have relatively small dimensions. This even facilitates the gas-tight seal. It is possible to have a headlight housing of, for example, only 10 cm knife with a halogen lamp, whose power consumption is 75 watts and which has the luminosity of a 300 watt lamp.

Die besondere Abdichtung des Scheinwerfergehäuses auch im Bereich des Kabeldurchtritts ermöglicht darüber hinaus die Verwendung des Scheinwerfers als Unterwasserscheinwerfer, der bis zu einer Tiefe von 50 Metern und mehr als druckfest angesehen werden kann. Da hier eine Halogen-Lampe ausreichend ist, deren Betriebsspannung nur 12 V beträgt, gibt es bei der Verwendung des Scheinwerfers als Unterwasserscheinwerfer oder als Außenscheinwerfer keine Sicherheitsprobleme.The special sealing of the headlamp housing also in the area of the cable passage also enables the headlamp to be used as an underwater headlamp, which can be regarded as pressure-resistant to a depth of 50 meters and more. Since a halogen lamp is sufficient here, whose operating voltage is only 12 V, there are no safety problems when using the headlight as an underwater headlight or as an exterior headlight.

Die kleine Bauform ist natürlich auch insoweit vorteilhaft, als der jeweils vorgesehene Einbaubereich nur in einem entsprechend geringen Ausmaß ausgespart werden muß.The small design is of course also advantageous insofar as the installation area provided in each case only has to be cut out to a correspondingly small extent.

Es ist zwar grundsätzlich auch denkbar, das Gehäuse des Scheinwerfers aus einem entsprechend temperaturbeständigen und festen Kunststoff herzustellen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn das Gehäuse aus metallischem Material besteht, wie es an sich auch für andere Scheinwerfergehäuse bekannt ist, wenn jedoch darüber hinaus das Kabel einen zusätzlichen Leiter aufweist, der mit dem Gehäuse verbunden ist.In principle, it is also conceivable to manufacture the housing of the headlamp from a correspondingly temperature-resistant and solid plastic. However, it is particularly advantageous if the housing consists of metallic material, as is also known per se for other headlight housings, but if the cable also has an additional conductor which is connected to the housing.

Dieses zusätzliche Kabel braucht bei einer Betriebsspannung von nur 12 V natürlich nicht als Massekabel zu dienen. Die Erfindung hat jedoch erkannt, daß der zusätzliche Leiter sich gut zur Erzielung einer zusätzlichen Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Gehäuse eignet. Es kommt als weiterer Vorteil hinzu, daß die durch das Kabel abgeführte Wärme ein Feuchtwerden des Kabels im inneren Bereich verhindert, was von Bedeutung ist, wenn der Scheinwerfer äußeren Feuchtigkeitseinflüssen ausgesetzt ist.With an operating voltage of only 12 V, this additional cable does not of course have to serve as a ground cable. However, the invention has recognized that the additional conductor is well suited for achieving additional heat dissipation from the housing. Another advantage is that the heat dissipated by the cable prevents the cable from becoming damp inside, which is important when the headlight is exposed to external moisture.

Vorteilhaft ist es erfindungsgemäß ferner, wenn die Isolierung des Kabels und seiner Leiter zumindest im inneren Bereich der Kabeldurchführung entfernt ist und wenn die Abdichtung aus einer Vergußmasse besteht, die unmittelbar an den metallischen Leitern des Kabels anliegt.It is also advantageous according to the invention if the insulation of the cable and its conductors is removed at least in the inner region of the cable bushing and if the seal consists of a casting compound which is in direct contact with the metallic conductors of the cable.

Hierdurch wird vermieden, daß die Isolierung der innerhalb des Gehäuses herrschenden Temperatur unmittelbar ausgesetzt wird und ihre Festigkeit verliert, so daß an dieser Stelle die Abdichtung des Scheinwerfergehäuses beeinträchtigt wird.This avoids that the insulation is immediately exposed to the temperature prevailing within the housing and loses its strength, so that the sealing of the headlight housing is impaired at this point.

Weiterhin wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß die den vorderen Bereich des Scheinwerfers abdeckende Glasscheibe an der Innenseite einen sich konisch verjüngenden Bereich aufweist, und daß dieser Bereich an der Ringdichtung anliegt, deren Außendurchmesser größer ist als der Außendurchmesser der Glasscheibe.Furthermore, it is proposed according to the invention that the glass pane covering the front area of the headlight has a conically tapering area on the inside, and that this area lies against the ring seal, the outer diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the glass pane.

Wenn die Glasscheibe durch ihre Einfassung, beispielsweise durch einen Schraubflansch, in Richtung auf ihre Anlagefläche gedrückt wird, bewirkt der sich konisch verjüngende Bereich eine Zerlegung der Andruckkraft in eine axiale und eine radiale Richtung. Hierdurch wird eine besonders wirksame Abdichtung erreicht, während gleichzeitig gewährleistet ist, daß sich die Glasscheibe in der Ringdichtung selbsttätig zentriert. Hierdurch wiederum wird die Montage erleichtert.When the glass pane is pressed towards its contact surface by its bezel, for example by a screw flange, the conically tapering area causes the pressing force to be broken down into an axial and a radial direction. This achieves a particularly effective seal, while at the same time ensuring that the glass pane is centered automatically in the ring seal. This in turn makes assembly easier.

Die Glasscheibe kann gemäß einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung ein Parabolglas sein, jedoch derart, daß eine äußere Ringfläche der Glasscheibe eine in einer radialen Ebene liegende Auflagefläche bildet, an der eine von außen anliegende Halterung angreift. Das Parabolglas bewirkt eine Vergrößerung des Lichtaustrittswinkels um mehrere Grad, so daß trotz des verhältnismäßig kleinen Scheinwerferdurchmessers ein relativ breiter Lichtaustritt vorhanden ist. Hierbei ermöglicht die äußere Ringfläche ein ausreichend festes Anliegen der Halterung an der Glasscheibe, ohne daß unzulässig große Flächenpressungen entstehen.According to a further proposal of the invention, the glass pane can be a parabolic glass, but in such a way that an outer annular surface of the glass pane forms a support surface lying in a radial plane, on which a holder engages from the outside. The parabolic glass causes the light exit angle to be enlarged by several degrees, so that despite the relatively small headlight diameter, there is a relatively wide light exit. In this case, the outer ring surface enables the holder to lie sufficiently firmly against the glass pane without causing impermissibly large surface pressures.

Im allgemeinen sind das Gehäuse und der Reflektor eines Scheinwerfers unterschiedliche Bauteile. Im Gegensatz hierzu schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß die Innenwandung des Gehäuses hinsichtlich Oberflächenbeschaffenheit und Form als Reflektor ausgebildet ist. Durch Entfernen eines im Gehäuse befindlichen separaten Reflektors kann man den mit dem Gehäuse integrierten Reflektor zur Wirkung bringen und damit den Lichtaustritt verändern. Andererseits kann aber der mit dem Gehäuse integrierte Reflektor als einziger Reflektor vorgesehen sein. Hierdurch lassen sich die Abmessungen gegebenenfalls noch weiter verringern.In general, the housing and the reflector of a headlight are different components. In contrast to this, the invention proposes that the inner wall of the housing is designed as a reflector in terms of surface quality and shape. By removing a separate reflector located in the housing, the reflector integrated in the housing can be brought into effect and thus the light emission can be changed. On the other hand, the reflector integrated with the housing can be provided as the only reflector. In this way, the dimensions can be reduced even further if necessary.

Aufgrund der möglichen geringen Abmessungen läßt sich ein nach der Erfindung ausgebildeter Scheinwerfer auch bereits in vorhandene Armaturen an Schwimmbädern einsetzen, die wahlweise auch mit Wasser- oder Luftdüsen versehen oder zum Einbau von Bedienungselementen dienen können. In diesem Fall ist also der Einbau des Scheinwerfers besonders einfach, wozu eine zylindrische Form des Scheinwerfergehäuses und ein auf diesem befindliches Außengewinde beitragen. Aber auch der Einbau in ein Folienbecken ist in einfacher Weise möglich, weil dann auf das Außengewinde des Gehäuses nur eine Kontermutter aufgeschraubt zu werden braucht.Due to the possible small dimensions, a headlamp designed according to the invention can also be used in existing fittings on swimming pools, which can optionally also be provided with water or air nozzles or can be used to install operating elements. In this case, the installation of the headlamp is particularly simple, to which a cylindrical shape of the headlamp housing and an external thread located thereon contribute. However, installation in a foil pool is also possible in a simple manner, because then only a lock nut needs to be screwed onto the external thread of the housing.

Nachfolgend wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Im einzelnen zeigen :

  • Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch den Einbauscheinwerfer ;
  • Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Darstellung nach Figur 1 mit einem ausgeschnittenen Bereich, der einen Blick bis zum Sockel ermöglicht.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to a drawing. In detail show:
  • Figure 1 shows a section through the built-in headlights;
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the illustration of Figure 1 with a cut-out area that allows a view to the base.

Der Einbauscheinwerfer hat ein zylindrisches Gehäuse 10, das mit einem Außengewinde 11 versehen ist. An der Vorderseite des Gehäuses 10 befindet sich ein Ringflansch 12. In diesen ist ein Scheinwerferglas 13 eingelegt, das als Parabolglas ausgeführt ist, das jedoch an der Vorderseite eine äußere Ringfläche hat, die in einer radialen Ebene liegt und die mit der Bezugsziffer 29 bezeichnet ist. An dieser greift ein Schraubflansch 14 an, der das Scheinwerferglas 13 gegen eine Ringdichtung 15 drückt. Der Außendurchmesser der Ringdichtung 15 ist größer als der Außendurchmesser des Scheinwerferglases 13, das an seiner Unterseite einen sich konisch verjüngenden Bereich aufweist und mit diesem Bereich an der Ringdichtung 15 anliegt. Durch ein Festziehen des Schraubflansches 14 wird die Ringdichtung 15 in axialer und in radialer Richtung beansprucht, wobei sich das Scheinwerferglas 13 selbsttätig justiert. Die Ringdichtung 15 liegt also sowohl an der zylindrischen Innenwand des Ringflansches 12 als auch an der radialen Ringschulter 16 desselben auf.The recessed spotlight has a cylindrical housing 10 which is provided with an external thread 11. There is an annular flange 12 on the front of the housing 10. A headlight glass 13 is inserted therein, which is designed as a parabolic glass, but which has an outer annular surface on the front, which lies in a radial plane and which is designated by the reference number 29 . This is attacked by a screw flange 14, which presses the headlamp lens 13 against an annular seal 15. The outside diameter the ring seal 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the headlamp lens 13, which has a conically tapering area on its underside and abuts the ring seal 15 with this area. By tightening the screw flange 14, the ring seal 15 is stressed in the axial and radial directions, the headlamp lens 13 being automatically adjusted. The ring seal 15 therefore lies on the cylindrical inner wall of the ring flange 12 as well as on the radial ring shoulder 16 of the same.

Eine aus einer Halogen-Lampe 17 und einem Reflektor 18 bestehende Leuchteinheit hat zwei Kontaktstifte 19, die in entsprechende Buchsen eines Sockels 20 eingesteckt werden können. Der Sockel 20 hat die Form einer rechteckigen Platte, deren Ecken abgerundet sind. An seiner der Leuchteinheit abgewandten Seite hat der Sockel 20 eine Schrägfläche 21. Diese bildet mit einer zur Scheinwerferachse 22 radialen Ebene einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 5°.A lighting unit consisting of a halogen lamp 17 and a reflector 18 has two contact pins 19 which can be inserted into corresponding sockets of a base 20. The base 20 has the shape of a rectangular plate, the corners of which are rounded. On its side facing away from the lighting unit, the base 20 has an inclined surface 21. This forms an acute angle of approximately 5 ° with a plane radial to the headlight axis 22.

Eine zylindrische Halterung 23 ist topfförmig ausgebildet und mit einem Außengewinde 24 versehen, so daß sie in ein entsprechendes Innengewinde des Gehäuses 10 einschraubbar ist. Der innere Bereich der Halterung 23 nimmt den Sockel 20 sowie kreisförmig angeordnete Stifte 30 auf, die vom Boden der Halterung 23 aus senkrecht hervorstehen. Die Größe des Sockels 20 ist auf den Radius der Kreisform und auf den Abstand zwischen den Stiften 30 so abgestimmt, daß die Eckbereiche des Sockels 20 jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarte Stifte 30 eingreifen können, so daß der Sockel 20 drehfest gesichert ist. Es sind insgesamt 16 Stifte 20 vorgesehen. Dies ergibt einen Bogenabstand von 22,5° zwischen zwei benachbarten Stiften 30. Einer dieser Stifte 30 hat einen wesentlich größeren Durchmesser, so daß dieser Stift 30 in der Lage ist, eine Drehung des Sockels 20 um mehr als 180° zu verhindern.A cylindrical holder 23 is cup-shaped and provided with an external thread 24 so that it can be screwed into a corresponding internal thread of the housing 10. The inner region of the holder 23 receives the base 20 and circularly arranged pins 30 which protrude vertically from the bottom of the holder 23. The size of the base 20 is matched to the radius of the circular shape and to the distance between the pins 30 so that the corner regions of the base 20 can engage between two adjacent pins 30, so that the base 20 is secured against rotation. A total of 16 pins 20 are provided. This results in an arc distance of 22.5 ° between two adjacent pins 30. One of these pins 30 has a much larger diameter, so that this pin 30 is able to prevent rotation of the base 20 by more than 180 °.

Der Boden der topfförmigen Halterung 23 bildet eine weitere Schrägfläche 25, deren Neigungswinkel gegenüber der zuvor erwähnten radialen Ebene genauso groß ist wie der Neigungswinkel der Schrägfläche 21. Somit kann der Sockel 20 in eine Neigung bis zum maximal 10° gebracht werden.The bottom of the pot-shaped holder 23 forms a further inclined surface 25, whose angle of inclination with respect to the aforementioned radial plane is the same as the angle of inclination of the inclined surface 21. Thus, the base 20 can be inclined up to a maximum of 10 °.

Der Boden der Halterung 23 geht in einen Anschlußstutzen 26 über, der durchbohrt ist und zum Einführen eines Kabels 27 dient.The bottom of the holder 23 merges into a connecting piece 26 which is pierced and is used for inserting a cable 27.

Das Kabel 27 hat drei Leiter, von denen zwei mit den im Sockel 20 angeordneten Buchsen verbunden sind. Ein dritter Leiter 31 ist mit der Halterung 23 verbunden, die ebenso wie das Gehäuse 10 aus metallischem Material besteht. Der Leiter 31 dient zur Abfuhr der sich sammelnden Wärme. Nicht nur der Leiter 31, sondern auch die beiden übrigen Leiter sind im oberen Bereich des Anschlußstutzens 26 von der Isolierung befreit. Das Abdichten erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Vergußmasse 32, die auch an den abisolierten Leitern zur Anlage kommt und diese fest umgibt.The cable 27 has three conductors, two of which are connected to the sockets arranged in the base 20. A third conductor 31 is connected to the holder 23, which, like the housing 10, is made of metallic material. The conductor 31 serves to dissipate the accumulating heat. Not only the conductor 31, but also the two other conductors are freed from the insulation in the upper region of the connecting piece 26. Sealing is carried out with the aid of a casting compound 32, which also comes into contact with the stripped conductors and firmly surrounds them.

Die Innenwandung des Gehäuses 10 hat eine konische Form und kann, wenn ein Reflektor 18 nicht vorhanden ist, ebenfalls als Reflektor dienen. Zu diesem Zweck können die entsprechenden Bereiche der Innenwandung des Gehäuses 10 poliert oder mit einer geeigneten Beschichtung versehen sein.The inner wall of the housing 10 has a conical shape and can also serve as a reflector if a reflector 18 is not present. For this purpose, the corresponding areas of the inner wall of the housing 10 can be polished or provided with a suitable coating.

Bei der Montage wird die Halterung 23 mit dem Sockel 20 in das Gehäuse 10 eingeschraubt. Anschließend wird der Sockel 20 in die gewünschte relative Drehstellung gegenüber der Halterung 23 gebracht. In dieser Stellung bleibt der Sockel 20 mit Hilfe der Stifte 30 arretiert.During assembly, the holder 23 is screwed into the housing 10 with the base 20. Subsequently, the base 20 is brought into the desired relative rotational position with respect to the holder 23. In this position, the base 20 remains locked with the aid of the pins 30.

Durch die noch offene Vorderseite des Gehäuses 10 wird die aus Lampe 17 und Reflektor 18 bestehende Leuchteinheit in das Gehäuse 10 eingeführt, wobei diese Leuchteinheit nach dem Einführen der Kontaktstifte 19 in die zugeordneten Buchsen des Sockels 20 die gewünschte Stellung eingenommen hat. Der Innenraum des Gehäuses 10 ist aufgrund der besonderen Ausbildung der Dichtungsbereiche zwischen Scheinwerferglas 13 und Gehäuse 10 und am Anschlußstutzen 26 in ausreichendem Maße gasdicht, nachdem das Scheinwerferglas 13 eingelegt und der Schraubflansch 14 festgeschraubt sind. Letzterer hat an seinem inneren Rand bogenförmige Aussparungen 28, in die die Finger beim Drehen des Schraubflansches 14 eingreifen können.The lamp unit consisting of lamp 17 and reflector 18 is inserted into the housing 10 through the still open front side of the housing 10, this lamp unit having assumed the desired position after the insertion of the contact pins 19 into the associated sockets of the base 20. The interior of the housing 10 is due to the special design of the sealing areas between the headlight glass 13 and housing 10 and at the connection piece 26 sufficiently gas-tight after the headlight glass 13 is inserted and the screw flange 14 are screwed tight. The latter has arcuate cutouts 28 on its inner edge, into which the fingers can engage when the screw flange 14 is turned.

Das Außengewinde 11 am Gehäuse 10 ermöglicht ein Einschrauben desselben in Armaturen, die in die Wand eines Schwimmbeckens oder in eine andere Umgebung eingelassen sind. Bei einer Verwendung des Scheinwerfers für ein Folienbecken befindet sich die Beckenwand zwischen dem Ringflansch 12 und einer auf das Außengewinde 11 aufgeschraubten Mutter. Natürlich ist in entsprechender Weise der Einbau des Scheinwerfers in jede beliebige Wand oder Halterung möglich.The external thread 11 on the housing 10 enables the same to be screwed into fittings which are embedded in the wall of a swimming pool or in another environment. When the headlight is used for a foil pool, the pool wall is located between the ring flange 12 and a nut screwed onto the external thread 11. Of course, the installation of the headlight in any wall or bracket is possible in a corresponding manner.

Ohne die Abdichtung zwischen dem Gehäuse 10 und der Halterung zu beeinträchtigen, ist es auch möglich, die Halterung 23 ein Stück nach hinten herauszuschrauben und damit die Lampe 17 und den Reflektor 18 entsprechend mehr in das Gehäuse 10 hineinzuziehen. Die Sicherung in der jeweils gewünschten Lage kann durch eine zusätzliche.Mutter erfolgen, die auf das Außengewinde 24 aufgeschraubt wird. Hierdurch läßt sich die Breite des Leuchtfeldes verringern. Im übrigen ist auch ein Auswechseln der Lampe 17 von der Rückseite her möglich, sofern diese nicht mit dem Reflektor 18 eine Baueinheit bildet.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 Without affecting the seal between the housing 10 and the holder, it is also possible to unscrew the holder 23 a little to the rear and thus to pull the lamp 17 and the reflector 18 correspondingly more into the housing 10. Securing in the desired position can be done by an additional nut that is screwed onto the external thread 24. This allows the width of the illuminated field to be reduced. In addition, the lamp 17 can also be replaced from the rear, provided that it does not form a structural unit with the reflector 18.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (10)

1. A lightning unit comprising a casing sealingly covered by glass means and further comprising a lamp fastened to a socket in said casing, characterized in that said lamp is a halogen bulb with a reflector coaxially surrounding the halogen bulb which has fastening means (23) arranged in coaxial relationship to said socket (20) and sealingly connected to said casing (10), wherein said socket (20) and said fastening means (23) comprise faces in mutually opposed relationship, said faces forming bevelling surfaces (21, 25) inclined, with respect to the lightning unit axis (22), at an angle different from a right angle, and wherein said fastening means (23) and said socket (20) are lockingly engageable in different relative rotary positions with respect to each other.
2. A lightning unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said fastening means (23) is a cup- shaped fastening means with a bottom forming said bevelled surface (25).
3. A lightning unit as claimed in claims 1 or 2. characterized in that said socket (20) has a polygonal cross section and that said fastening means (23) has a plurality of limit stops (30) arranged on a circle, where the edge regions of said socket (20) engage the areas in between said limit stops.
4. A lightning unit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said limit stops are pins (30) protruding from said bottom of said fastening means (23).
5. A lightning unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said fastening means (23) comprises a cable feedthrough from the outside to said socket (20), wherein the sealing in between casing (10) and lightning unit glass (13) or fastening means (23), respectively, and the sealing in between fastening means (23) and said cable feedthrough is gas-tight for providing a partial vacuum.
6. A lightning unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said casing (10) consists of a metallic material and that said cable (27) connected to said socket (20) comprises an additional conductor (31) connected to said casing (10).
7. A lightning unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulation of said cable (27) and its conductors (31) is removed at least at the inner section of said cable feedthrough (26) and that said sealing comprises a casting compound (32) abutting the metallic conductors (31) of said cable (27).
8. A lightning unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said lightning unit glass (13) has a conically tapered section at the inside, said section abutting an annular gasket (15), the outer diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of said lightning unit glass (13).
9. A lightning unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said lightning unit glass (13) is a parabolic glass where an outer annular surface (29) formes a supporting surface arranged in a radial plane, said support surface being engaged from the outside by a threaded flange (14).
10. A lightning unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the inner wall of said casing (10) is adapted, with respect to surface properties and form, as a reflector.
EP84104049A 1983-10-25 1984-04-11 Projector unit Expired EP0139075B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84104049T ATE30074T1 (en) 1983-10-25 1984-04-11 HEADLIGHT UNIT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3338628 1983-10-25
DE19833338628 DE3338628A1 (en) 1983-10-25 1983-10-25 RECESSED HEADLIGHT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0139075A1 EP0139075A1 (en) 1985-05-02
EP0139075B1 true EP0139075B1 (en) 1987-09-30

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ID=6212626

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84104049A Expired EP0139075B1 (en) 1983-10-25 1984-04-11 Projector unit

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EP (1) EP0139075B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE30074T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3338628A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3528469A1 (en) * 1985-08-08 1987-02-19 Ceag Licht & Strom LAMP
DE3542784A1 (en) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-11 Hella Kg Hueck & Co HEADLIGHTS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
US5176441A (en) * 1989-09-22 1993-01-05 Tungsram Reszvenytarsasag Lamp with a reflector envelope
CN104056295B (en) * 2014-05-23 2016-08-24 上海冬翼光电有限公司 Dustproof and waterproof surface disinfection equipment, dustproof and waterproof Sealing Arrangement and preparation method thereof

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788509A (en) * 1929-01-31 1931-01-13 Everson Filter Company Submarine lighting fixture
US2166393A (en) * 1937-04-08 1939-07-18 Crouse Hinds Co Lighting unit
FR1502670A (en) * 1966-06-06 1967-11-24 Cibie Projecteurs Improvements to waterproof projectors
FR1582188A (en) * 1968-07-17 1969-09-26
DE2041725A1 (en) * 1970-08-22 1972-02-24 Optric Glarus Ag Underwater spotlights
US3845291A (en) * 1974-02-08 1974-10-29 Titan Tool And Die Co Inc Water powered swimming pool light
DE7913297U1 (en) * 1979-05-08 1980-08-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh, 8000 Muenchen VARIABLE LIGHT FOR OUTDOOR USE
DE3004204A1 (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-13 Karl-Friedrich Schlack Springbrunnenbau-Betonsteinwerk, 4930 Detmold Underwater spotlight with front face sealing - has U=shaped or C=shaped ridged edge sealing gasket gripping glass held by screw or clipped retaining ring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3466588D1 (en) 1987-11-05
ATE30074T1 (en) 1987-10-15
EP0139075A1 (en) 1985-05-02
DE3338628A1 (en) 1985-05-15

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