EP0137876B1 - Méthode et appareil pour la gazéification du charbon - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour la gazéification du charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0137876B1
EP0137876B1 EP19830306297 EP83306297A EP0137876B1 EP 0137876 B1 EP0137876 B1 EP 0137876B1 EP 19830306297 EP19830306297 EP 19830306297 EP 83306297 A EP83306297 A EP 83306297A EP 0137876 B1 EP0137876 B1 EP 0137876B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supplementary
lance
oxygen gas
passageway
molten metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830306297
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0137876A1 (fr
Inventor
Koji Okane
Hidemasa Nakajima
Shozo Okamura
Masanobu Sueyasu
Takashi Manago
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority to EP19830306297 priority Critical patent/EP0137876B1/fr
Priority to DE8383306297T priority patent/DE3364740D1/de
Publication of EP0137876A1 publication Critical patent/EP0137876A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0137876B1 publication Critical patent/EP0137876B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for and to a method of carrying out the gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal, coke or the like (sometimes referred to as "coal” collectively hereunder) by blowing coal and oxygen together with a supplementary gasifying agent such as steam or carbon dioxide gas onto a high temperature molten metal bath.
  • a supplementary gasifying agent such as steam or carbon dioxide gas
  • this invention relates to the gasification method defined above, which can achieve improvements in thermal efficiency during gasification, and which can also achieve precise control of the temperature of a molten metal bath and a prolonged service life of the lance used in blowing oxygen and coal.
  • coal gasification using a molten metal bath in a gasification furnace is a method wherein the heat necessary for the gasification is supplied from the molten metal.
  • the gasification of coal is effected through reactions between carbon in the molten metal and oxygen gas.
  • the carbon in the molten metal is derived from the coal which is supplied.
  • a melting furnace i.e. gasification furnace 1 contains a substantial amount of molten metal, usually molten iron 2.
  • a non-immersing lance 3 coal 5, oxygen 6, and a supplementary gasifying agent 7 such as steam, carbon dioxide gas, and mixtures thereof are top-blown onto the molten metal to effect the gasification of coal.
  • the non-immersing lance may be replaced by an immersing lance or bottom-blowing nozzle (not shown in Fig. 1). See U.S.
  • Patent 3,526,478 and 3,533,739 which disclose a gasification furnace provided with a bottom-blowing nozzle.
  • the slag formed on the surface of the molten metal is indicated by reference number 4.
  • the supplementary agent 7 such as steam or carbon dioxide gas serves as a cooling agent to control the temperature of the molten metal bath while coal gasification is being carried out. In case steam or carbon dioxide gas is used, it serves as an additional oxygen source, too.
  • Such a cooling agent is effective for promoting a water gas reaction with carbon in the molten metal or a carbon solution reaction.
  • the supplementary agent such as steam reacts with CO in the atmosphere before it reacts with carbon in the molten metal on the surface of the bath. (CO + H20--C02 + H 2 ).
  • the reaction temperature is lowered, resulting in a decrease in the rate of the water gas formation or carbon solution reaction.
  • the supplementary agent which is also a cooling agent, does not exert its cooling effect to a sufficent degree, nor does it serv-e-aq-an effective supplementary agent, resulting in less improvement in thermal efficiency during gasification even if such a cooling agent is added.
  • a method using an immersed lance or bottom-blowing nozzle can improve the rate of a water gas reaction with carbon in the molten metal and it also increases the reaction rate of carbon solution, resulting in an increase in the thermal efficiency.
  • a method using an immersed lance or bottom-blowing nozzle can improve the rate of a water gas reaction with carbon in the molten metal and it also increases the reaction rate of carbon solution, resulting in an increase in the thermal efficiency.
  • such a method is not practical, since the damage of lances or nozzles due to the hot molten metal is marked, making a continuous long-lasting gasification operation impossible.
  • the supplementary gasifying agent i.e., the cooling agent
  • the cooling agent be dissolved and diffused into a molten metal bath in an efficient manner so as to increase the chances of the cooling agent contacting carbon in the molten metal. It is also necessary to place the lance as far as possible from the molten metal bath so as to prolong its service life.
  • a plurality of lances for coal, oxygen gas and the supplementary agent, respectively are used, or a multihole lance having a plurality of injection nozzles for coal, oxygen gas, and the supplementary gas, respectively, is used.
  • the oxygen gas and supplementary gas are separately blown onto the molten metal bath, resulting in less efficient dissolving of the supplementary agent in the bath.
  • the object of this invention is to eliminate prior art disadvantages such as those mentioned above.
  • the primary gasifying agent i.e. oxygen gas
  • the primary gasifying agent i.e. oxygen gas
  • the primary gasifying agent is blown onto the molten metal bath at a speed of Mach Number 1-3, and the oxygen gas thus injected forms a high temperature hot spot on the surface of the molten metal bath.
  • the inventors of this invention found that when the supplementary agent is carried on an oxygen jet, it can be injected deep into the molten metal bath, where the temperature of the bath is much higher than on the surface of the bath. The agent thus injected deep into the molten metal bath can easily and efficiently be dissolved thereinto.
  • this invention resides in a method for gasifying a solid carbonaceous material by top-blowing a finely divided carbonaceous material together with oxygen gas and a supplementary gasifying agent onto a molten metal bath through a non-immersing multihole lance, characterized in that said solid carbonacenous material is blown onto the molten metal bath separately from the oxygen gas and the supplementary agent, and that the supplementary agent is commingled with the oxygen gas within the lance before they are injected out of the lance.
  • a lance is used in which a passageway for the supplementary gasifying agent is combined with a passageway for oxygen gas before they reach injecting end of the lance.
  • the point where two such passageways are combined will be called a "junction point" hereunder.
  • This invention also resides in an apparatus for the gasification of a solid carbonaceous material, which comprises, in combination, a gasification furnace maintaining a molten metal bath and a non-immersing multihole lance through which a finely divided solid carbonaceous material, oxygen gas, and a supplementary gasifying agent are blown onto the molten metal bath, said lance having a main injection nozzle communicated with a main passageway for the solid carbonaceous material, said main injection nozzle being surrounded by a plurality of subsidiary injection nozzles communicated with subsidiary passageways for oxygen gas and the supplementary agent, the end of each passageway for said supplementary gasifying agent being combined with a corresponding passageway for oxygen gas before the passageway for oxygen gas reaches the injecting end of the subsidiary nozzle.
  • the supplementary gasifying agent is added to oxygen gas before it is injected from the lance so that a sufficient level of dissolution and diffusion of the supplementary agent into the molten metal bath as well as a prolonged service life of the lance can be attained simultaneously.
  • the lance employed in this invention is of the non-immersing type.
  • this invention employs a lance which has a main nozzle for injecting powdery coal and a plurality of subsidiary nozzles, usually three in number, for injecting a jet stream of oxygen carrying the supplementary agent (i.e., steam, C0 2 , hydrocarbon gases, or a mixture thereof).
  • the subsidiary nozzles are symmetrically provided surrounding the main nozzle. The junction point is located far enough from the injecting end of the nozzles to thoroughly commingle the agent with the oxygen gas before the two are injected from the lance.
  • FIG. 2 through 4 An example of a non-immersing lance is schematically shown in Figs. 2 through 4. As shown therein, the main passageway a, and subsidiary passageways a 2 , a3 are arranged with the subsidiary passageways surrounding the main passageway ai . The exit of the subsidiary passageway for a supplementary gasifying agent is combined with a passageway for oxygen gas. A passageway for cooling water (W) is also provided.
  • W cooling water
  • the junction point is located far enough to thoroughly commingle the supplementary agent with the oxygen. It is preferable that the junction point is located at a distance L, from the exit end of the nozzle (see Fig.
  • a supplementary gasifying agent is added to a jet of oxygen gas and is dispersed throughout the stream of the oxygen jet before injection, the supplementary agent thus entrained by the jet of oxygen gas efficiently reaches the hot spot formed in the molten metal bath. Therefore, the supplementary gasifying agent is efficiently dissolved into the molten metal and is diffused thoroughly. As a result, the agent effectively serves as a cooling agent to precisely control the temperature of the molten metal bath, resulting in a remarkable increase in thermal efficiency during gasification.
  • the supplementary gasifying agent may be any one which is endothermic when added to a high temperature molten metal.
  • steam, carbon dioxide gas, and mixtures thereof may be employed advantageously as a supplementary gasifying agent. Of these, steam is preferred.
  • the finely divided carbonaceous material e.g. powdery coal may be injected while being carried in a pressurized air as a carrier gas.
  • this invention employs a multihole lance such as the one shown in Figs. 2-4.
  • a gasification furnace with which powdery coal can be processed at a rate of 1-2.7 tons/hour while being carried in pressurized air as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 50-220 m 3 /hour (normal pressure and temperature).
  • Oxygen gas is introduced at a rate of 900-2200 m'/hour (normal pressure and temperature), and steam at 100--500 kg/hour.
  • the volumes of the oxygen gas and the supplementary agent to be blown through the lance may proportionately be increased.
  • a plurality of lances may be used for this purpose.
  • Coal gasification was achieved by blowing coal together with oxygen gas and steam as a supplementary gasifying agent onto a molten iron bath maintained within the furnace.
  • the lance used was similar to that shown in Figs. 2-4.
  • the molten iron bath contained 0.5-3% carbon and the temperature thereof was 1400-1600°C.
  • the coal to be blown onto the molten metal was finely divided such that 80% of the coal was -200 mesh. This finely divided powdery coal was blown through a hole a, of the lance onto the molten metal at a rate of 2.5 tons/hour, which is the processing capacity of the gasification furnace used. Pressurized air was used as a carrier gas for the powdery coal.
  • the oxygen gas was supplied through a hole a3 at a rate of 8 kg/cm 2 A, i.e. 1540 m 3 /hour (normal pressure and temperature).
  • the supplementary gasifying agent in this case steam, was blown through a hole a 2 at a rate of 6 kg/cm 2 A, i.e. 200 kg/hour.
  • the stream of steam as combined with the jet of oxygen gas before the steam was blown out of the lance through a hole a4, i.e. the steam was added to the oxygen gas within the lance.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 For comparative purposes, the results obtained by using the conventional non-immersing multihole lance and immersed lance are shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
  • the conventional non-immersing lance used in Comparative Example 1 is similar to that shown in Fig. 2 of U.S. Patent 4,388,084.
  • the immersed lance was protected by coating the outer surface thereof with a castable refractory material.
  • the stream of the supplementary gasifying agent was not combined with a jet stream of oxygen before being injected from the lance.
  • powdery coal and oxygen gas were supplied through a non-immersing lance and steam was supplied to the molten metal bath through the immersed lance mentioned above.
  • this comparative example is a control example with respect to the thermal efficiency of coal gasification, though, needless to say, the service life of the lance is not satisfactory.
  • coal gasification according to this invention can produce a product gas with a large heat content and at the same time achieve a high thermal efficiency due to the addition of the supplementary gasifying agent as a cooling agent.
  • the thermal efficiency is the same as for an immersed lance (see Comparative Example 2).
  • the lance since the lance is of the non-immersing type, it was free from severe damage during gasification, and could therefore exhibit a prolonged service life.
  • the data regarding heat content, gas volume, thermal efficiency, and service life in Table 2 are average values.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé pour gazéifier une matière carbonée solide en soufflant par le haut une matière carbonée finement divisée sur un bain de métal fondu par une lance multitrous sans immersion, caractérisé en ce que ladite matière carbonée solide est soufflée sur le bain de métal fondu séparément de l'oxygene gazeux et de l'agent supplémentaire, et en ce que l'agent supplémentaire est mélangé avec l'oxygène gazeux dans la lance avant qu'on ne les injecte par la lance.
2. Procédé défini dans la revendication 1, où ledit agent de gazéification supplémentaire est choisi entre la vapeur, le dioxyde de carbone gazeux, et leurs mélanges.
3. Procédé défini dans la revendication 2, où ledit agent de gazéification supplémentaire est la vapeur.
4. Procédé défini dans la revendication 1, où ledite matière carbonée solide est le charbon.
5. Procédé défini dans la revendication 1, où ledit bain de métal fondu est un bain de fer fondu.
6. Procédé défini dans la revendication 3, où la vapeur est surchauffée à une température 100―200°C supérieure à son point de saturation avant son introduction dans la lance.
7. Procédé défini dans la revendication 1, où la structure de la lance sans immersion consiste à fournir une buse d'injection principale communiquant avec un passage principal pour le charbon, ladite buse étant entourée par plusieurs buses d'injection secondaires communiquant avec des passages secondaires pour l'oxygène gazeux ainsi que pour un agent de gazéification supplémentaire, et à combiner un passage secondaire pour l'agent de gazéification supplémentaire avec un passage pour l'oxygène gazeux avant que le passage pour l'oxygène gazeux n'atteigne l'extrémité d'injection de la buse.
8. Appareil pour la gazéification d'une matière carbonée solide, comprenant, en combinaison, un four de gazéification maintenant un bain de métal fondu et une lance multitrous sans immersion à travers laquelle on souffle une matière carbonée solide finement divisée, de l'oxygène gazeux, et un agent gazéifiant supplémentaire sur le bain de métal fondu, ladite lance ayant une buse d'injection principale communiquant avec un passage principal à travers lequel on souffle la matière carbonée solide, ladite buse d'injection principale étant entourée de plusieurs buses d'injection secondaires communiquant avec des passages secondaires pour l'oxygène gazeux et l'agent supplémentaire, l'extrémité de chaque passage pour ledit agent gazéifiant supplémentaire étant combinée avec un passage correspondant pour l'oxygène gazeux avant que le passage pour l'oxygène gazeux n'atteigne l'extrémité d'injection de la buse secondaire.
9. Appareil défini dans la revendication 8, où le passage principal est ménagé au centre de la lance, et plusieurs passages secondaires pour l'oxygène gazeux et la vapeur sont ménagés autour du passage principal.
10. Appareil défini dans la revendication 8, où trois buses secondaires sont ménagées symétriquement par rapport à la buse principale.
EP19830306297 1983-10-17 1983-10-17 Méthode et appareil pour la gazéification du charbon Expired EP0137876B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19830306297 EP0137876B1 (fr) 1983-10-17 1983-10-17 Méthode et appareil pour la gazéification du charbon
DE8383306297T DE3364740D1 (en) 1983-10-17 1983-10-17 Coal gasification method and apparatus therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19830306297 EP0137876B1 (fr) 1983-10-17 1983-10-17 Méthode et appareil pour la gazéification du charbon

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0137876A1 EP0137876A1 (fr) 1985-04-24
EP0137876B1 true EP0137876B1 (fr) 1986-07-23

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EP19830306297 Expired EP0137876B1 (fr) 1983-10-17 1983-10-17 Méthode et appareil pour la gazéification du charbon

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT407398B (de) * 1998-08-28 2001-02-26 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren zum herstellen einer metallschmelze
CN110577846B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2021-02-05 杨建平 燃烧系统及烧嘴

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU535363B2 (en) * 1980-12-01 1984-03-15 Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd. Gasification of solid carbonaceous material

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EP0137876A1 (fr) 1985-04-24
DE3364740D1 (en) 1986-08-28

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