EP0135552A1 - Procede et appareil pour l'amelioration optique de reseaux de donnees graphiques - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour l'amelioration optique de reseaux de donnees graphiques

Info

Publication number
EP0135552A1
EP0135552A1 EP19840900950 EP84900950A EP0135552A1 EP 0135552 A1 EP0135552 A1 EP 0135552A1 EP 19840900950 EP19840900950 EP 19840900950 EP 84900950 A EP84900950 A EP 84900950A EP 0135552 A1 EP0135552 A1 EP 0135552A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
optical system
anamorphotic
graphical
array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19840900950
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Bernard Widiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0135552A1 publication Critical patent/EP0135552A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/08—Anamorphotic objectives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for optically enhancing graphical data arrays for visual interpretation and is particularly although not exclusively suitable for optical enhancement of complex patterns such as seismographs and the like.
  • Graphical information such as a seismograph is visually presented as a plurality of substantially parallel bands plotted or printed on a substantially continuous strip of film or paper as a computer printout web.
  • Information relating to the duration and intensity of a reflected shock- wave is processed by a digital computer which may give rise to an elongate printout representing various geological structures and strata.
  • the information is usually printed as a plurality of substantially parallel bands or sine curves of varying period and amplitude.
  • the area under the positive lobes of the curve may be fully blackened during the printout and thus the visual pattern so produced is at least partially enhanced to reveal certain geological occurrences to a skilled analyst of such seismographic data.
  • Anamorphotic lens systems are used in the motion picture field to permit projection of motion pictures onto "Cinemascope" type screens which have an aspect ratio of approximately 2- ⁇ :1 compared with a conventional screen aspect ratio of approximately 1- :1.
  • the image on the positive film must be unnaturally compressed so that its scale horizontally is half its scale vertically.
  • the image on the positive film achieved through an anamorphotic taking lens must be an ellipse. This ellipse when projected on the screen via an anamorphotic projection lens attachment, will then appear once more as a circle.
  • a similar anamorphotic system is employed in photocopying apparatus having a reduction or expansion facility.
  • Such copying systems employ a basic spherical system on either side of which are disposed cylindrical members.
  • the cylindrical members In one plane the cylindrical members have no power and the spherical member operates at a particular magnification whilst in the other plane the cylindrical members combine with the spherical member to achieve a different magnification.
  • the cylindrical members In this system the cylindrical members are arranged with parallel axes in the same plane.
  • the present invention is concerned with a novel method and apparatus employing an anamorphotic image "squeezing" in one or more projection planes by employing an optical image transmission system or its electronic analogue.
  • a method of optically enhancing graphical arrays for visual interpretation comprising:- transmission of light rays -from a graphical array through at least one anamorphotic optical system whereby an image so formed undergoes relative dimensional reduction on at least one planar axis.
  • said anamorphotic optical system comprises cylindrical lenses.
  • said anamorphotic optical system comprises a series of elongate prisms or reflective surfaces such as curved mirrors.
  • said method comprises transmission of light rays through at least two anamorphotic optical systems whereby selective relative rotation between said systems about a transmission axis enables selective relative reduction or expansion of an image so formed on either of at least one planar axis or at least two planar axes substantially at right angles to each other.
  • said method includes the step whereby said optically enhanced image is recorded on a photosensitive recording medium.
  • a method of optically enhancing a graphical array for visual interpretation comprising:- conversion of an optical image of a graphical array to electromagnetic signals and retrievably recording said electromagnetic signals in a storage medium therefor, and selectively reconverting information stored as electromagnetic signals to an optical image with relative dimensional reduction in at least one planar axis.
  • said stored electromagnetic information is presented as an image on a videoscreen.
  • said stored electromagnetic information is presented as a visual image on a photosensitive recording medium.
  • an apparatus for optically enhancing graphical arrays for visual interpretation comprising:- at least one anamorphotic optical system; and means to record an image transmitted by said anamorphotic optical system.
  • anamorphotic optical system comprises cylindrical lenses.
  • said anamorphotic optical system comprises elongate prisms.
  • said means to record said image comprises a photosensitive recording medium.
  • an apparatus for optically enhancing a graphical array for visual interpretation comprising:- means to convert an optical image of a graphical array to electromagnetic signals; means for retrievably recording said electromagnetic signals in a storage medium; and means for selectively reconverting said stored electromagnetic information as an optical image with a relative dimensional reduction in at least one planar axis.
  • said apparatus includes means for presenting said optical image on a videoscreen.
  • said apparatus includes means for presenting said optical image on a photosensitive recording medium.
  • the apparatus is adapted to continuously record an optically enhanced image from an elongate graphical array by relative movement between said graphical array and said apparatus.
  • FIGS. 1-3 illustrate various anamorphotic lens systems.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 represent a "normal” image and a uni-axial "enhanced” image of seismographic data.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 represents a bi-axially enhanced image
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic representation of one embodiment of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative form of apparatus.
  • the anamorphotic system comprises a paired series of elongate or "bar-like" achro atised prisms 1 and 2, shown in cross section, which successively compress a parallel bundle of light rays.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred alternative embodiment comprising elongate or "bar-like" cylindrical lens system 3 and 4, shown in cross section.
  • Lens system 3 comprises a positive lens system and lens system 4 comprises a negative system to compress one image plane to the desired ratio.
  • the cylindrical lens system shown in FIG. 2 has no power in the plane extending normally to the drawings (i.e. through the longitudinal axis of the "bar-like" lens systems) , thus there is no image compression in that plane.
  • negative lens system 4 illustrated in FIG. 2 may be replaced by a further positive lens system or alternatively an additional positive/negative paired system may be employed in the path of the compressed bundle of light rays illustrated in FIG. 2 in D2 to further compress an image in a desired plane.
  • a conventional spherical condensing lens system may be employed between the image plane and the anamorphotic system thus further reducing the onoplanarly compressed image to a suitable image area at the focal point.
  • Variable expansion or compression of an image may be achieved e.g. by the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 by relative inward movement of the two prisms 5 and 6 of the anamorphotic system which decreases the degree of image compression whereas swinging the prisms apart increases the
  • a spherical correcting lens system 7 is provided to obtain a parallel light path.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates portion of a conventional computer printout of the digital reflection data obtained for a geological structure.
  • a number of geological events are represented by substantially continuous, parallel, strong signals extending through the field of interest. When viewed in a plane normal to the plane of the drawings it barely can be seen that there is a slight hump or inclination in certain of the lines in the region of the centre of the region of interest.
  • Many graphical arrays are presented in elongate form such as continuous computer printout paper or roll form graph paper when information representing either a large time span or a large distance span is to be presented.
  • Such information may for example comprise an electrocardiograph, an encephalograph, or as mentioned above seismological survey information.
  • a particular difficulty associated with collection and recording of seismic data is that after the "hard" information is processed through a computer and printed out on substantially continuous paper, the computer recording medium is often erased to make the medium (usually a magnetic tape) available for further use.
  • the stored data having valuable geophysical information.
  • due to its bulk such stored information cannot be reviewed rapidly and, if necessary, incorporated with newer or additional data.
  • cylindrical lens systems of differing powers may be oriented on crossed axes to obtain differing reduction ratios in each of the X, Y axes.
  • FIG. 6 shows a different enhanced image of FIG. 4.
  • This image was produced with a lens system comprising a pair of spaced anamorphotic cylindrical lenses. With respective axes at right angles to each other. A spherical lens is located in the light path between the anamorphic lenses. As the light rays from the object pass through the first cylindrical lens the image is compressed uniaxially, say on the X axis. The uniaxially compressed image is then further
  • ⁇ TM reduced by the spherical lens on both the X and Y axis.
  • the image is then expanded on the Y axis to give the image shown in FIG. 6.
  • the entire lens system may be rotated to expand the image on the X axis and compress on the Y axis.
  • other lens systems may be employed e.g. the spherical lens may be ahead of or behind the anamorphic lenses on the light path and multiple anamorphic systems of different powers may be employed both to reduce distortions and aberrations as well as to obtain differing enhancing effects.
  • the dual axis reduction has been achieved with excellent event and structural resolution without blurring or "fuzziness" normally associated with conventional optical image reduction systems.
  • the various events are accurately retained while the structural features are clearly enhanced to emphasise those features for rapid identification and analysis.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates schematically one variation on the invention whereby elongate sheets or rolls of graphical information are continuously processed on to, say a roll of photographic film.
  • a roll of continuous computer printout 8 is fed from a feed roll 9 to take up roll 10 over a planar viewing area 11 at a predetermined rate.
  • a spherical compression lens system 12 Situated above viewing area 11 is a spherical compression lens system 12 and an anamorphotic lens system 13.
  • a roll of photographic film 14 is situated above the anamorphotic lens system 13 to have exposed thereon the image transmitted by the optical system.
  • Photographic film 14 is attached to a film transport system (not shown) which advances the photographic film at a rate proportional to the - compression factor of the anamorphotic lens system 13 and also proportional to the rate of travel of computer printout 8.
  • the computer printout and film transport mechanisms are suitably operatively interconnected to maintain a relative transport rate proportional to the compression factor of the anamorphotic lens system and their progress may be continuous with a suitable shutter or rotating prism mechanism or alternatively stepwise with a suitably integrated shutter and transport mechanism.
  • FIG. 8 shows yet another embodiment of the apparatus.
  • a platform 10 comprising a pair of spaced parallel rails 11 supports an object bed 12 therebetween.
  • the object bed surface is suitably a sheet of clear or opalized glass or acrylic material.
  • Around the periphery of bed 12 is a series of perforations 14 connected underneath to a plenum chamber or manifold (not shown) .
  • the plenum chamber or manifold in turn is connected to a vacuum pump 15. With the vacuum pump 15 in operation, a sheet of computer printout paper 13 when laid upon the surface of bed 12 is drawn against the- upper surface of the glass or acrylic material to form a smooth object surface on the computer printout film or paper free of surface irregularities.
  • An array of lights 16 is provided beneath the object bed surface to provide backlighting for the computer printout if required.
  • a carriage 17 is slidably mounted on side rails 11 to permit lengthwise travel thereof.
  • the carriage 17 includes wheel means 18 engaging with the rails 11 in such a manner as to provide a smooth and accurate travel over the surface of bed 12.
  • a photographic device 19 is mounted on the carriage 17 for selective vertical travel relative to the surface of bed 12.
  • the vertical travel may be manually adjustable but, preferably, the vertical travel is achieved by an electrically operated drive means such as a stepping motor for accurate vertical positioning.
  • the photographic device includes a large film cassette 20 and an image plane bed 21 having a window or slotted aperture 22 therein.
  • the cassette unit includes a variable speed film advance mechanism 20a such as a stepping motor or the like to control the rate of film advance proportionately with the reduction ratio of the lens system and the relative rate of motion between the film and the object surface.
  • the image plane bed 21 may be of metal or opaque material and the window slotted aperture may be comprised by a transparent window in the opaque material.
  • the image plane bed 20 includes a peripheral row of apertures 23 connected to a manifold or plenum in a similar manner to object bed 12. Similarly to object bed 12, the plenum or manifold may be evacuated sufficiently to hold the photographic film in the region of the aperture in a flat plane of predetermined position but otherwise to allow film transport.
  • the device 19 also includes a bellows or like telescopic body 24 and a lens holder 25.
  • Lens holder 25 holds either a fixed anamorphotic lens system or a variable lens system for differing magnification values.
  • the lens components or systems are pivotably mounted in pivotal frames 26 in lens holder 25.
  • a shutter assembly may also be provided in association with the lens holder if required.
  • a number of lights 27 are mounted on carriage 17 for reflective .illumination of the object surface.
  • Accurate positioning of carriage 17 along the bed 12 or control of the rate of travel of the carriage may. be achieved by carriage mounted worm member 28 coacting with driven screw shaft 29. Shaft 29 is driven by a stepping motor 30.
  • Controls for carriage movement, device elevation, bellows extension or retraction film advance, computer printout advance, lighting, vacuum pumps etc. are provided in control panel 31 mounted on carriage 17.
  • control mechanisms are controlled by a microprocessor to ensure correct integration of relative rate of film transport compared with carriage speed in accordance with the magnification factor of the lens system.
  • a web of computer printout 13 is laid over the surface of bed 12 and positioned laterally by means of mechanical, optical or powered guides and/or sensors 32.
  • the web of computer printout 13 may if required be fed from a feed roll 13a positioned adjacent one end of bed 12 and taken up on a take-up roll 13b at the other end.
  • the take-up roll 13b and feed roll 13a are provided with a suitable drive mechanism 13c such as a stepping motor or the like to feed or rewind the web of computer printout 13.
  • a microprosessor controlled drive means is preferably employed to advance the computer printout web as required, either at a continuous controlled rate or at predetermined step-wise lengths.
  • optical or electronic sensors may be used to accurately guide the computer printout web, i.e. by sensing the timing lines on the X axis and/or the seismic traces on the Y axis.
  • the photographic device 19 is positioned over the computer printout web and an appropriate lens system is selected to obtain the desired reduction in the X,Y axes.
  • an appropriate lens system is selected to obtain the desired reduction in the X,Y axes.
  • the image of the seismo- graphic print on the web is focussed accurately at the image plane of window or slot 22 by use of a thin translucent plastics sheet or the like. Focussing is achieved by vertical movement of the device 19 on carriage 17, the bellows 24 and/ or the lens system.
  • Each cylindrical lens is individually movable relative to each other and to any spherical lens system which may be employed in the anamorphotic combination. This may be done by means of manual or electrically driven adjustment means.
  • the film cartridge 20 is replaced and the film is drawn into contact with the image plane bed 21 by activating the vacuum system.
  • a relative speed rate is then set between film advance rate and carriage travel rate. For example, if the reduction in the X or longitudinal axis of the computer printout is 50% then the film is set to advance at 50% of the speed of the computer printout web relative to the lens system.
  • a suitable integrated circuit is provided to control film advance speed in proportion to carriage advance speed.
  • the carriage With a length of computer printout web held onto the object bed surface 12 under the influence of the reduced air pressure maintained by pump 15, the carriage is set in motion to traverse the length of the object bed progressively photographing the data on the printout.
  • Carriage traverse is halted at a predetermined distance by an optical or electrical sensor means 33 which activates the control circuit to return the carriage to its initial position while at the same time advancing the computer printout web a suitable distance.
  • the control circuit activates a shutter assembly associated with the lens system to open and close the shutter at the appropriate times.
  • the carriage may be set to advance step-wise to photograph discrete lengths of the computer printout web such as to obtain a continuous photographic record.
  • the carriage could be fixed and the computer printout could be traversed past the lens system.
  • the apparatus may be oriented in any manner required such as vertically, horizontally etc.
  • the cylindrical lenses comprised in the anamorphotic system are ground to aberration effects towards the periphery of the image field.
  • the invention also embraces an electronic analogue of the optical system described above. For example, instead of recording the re-quired information, after optical compression, onto a photographic recording medium, the image of the graphical array may be recorded with a video camera as electronic impulses on a magnetic tape. Compression of the image in a selected plane may occur electronically in a known means by proportioning the X or Y axis as required and either recording the compressed image on the electronic recording medium or alternatively transmitting same as a compressed image.
  • -An image so recorded can then be viewed at leisure as a moving image on say a videoscreen whereby the velocity of transport of the image across the screen may be selectively varied and simultaneously the degree of compression in the X or Y axes can also be selectively varied. If required, selected portions of the electronically recorded image may then be presented as hard copy photographs or other paper images.
  • backlighting of the object is achieved by a light (not shown) mounted on the carriage 17 beneath the object bed surface 12.
  • the light travels with the carriage during movement.
  • a fibre optic array may be employed as a light pathway. The array may be used in the restructuring of the image.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil pour l'amélioration optique de données graphiques, par exemple des lignes sismiques, afin de contribuer à l'interprétation visuelle de telles données, comportant un système optique anamorphotique (13) de lentilles, de prismes ou de miroirs pour permettre la reproduction sur un film photographique (14) d'une image réduite de données graphiques sur une sortie d'ordinateur (8), la réduction par rapport à l'axe des X de l'image réduite étant différente de la réduction par rapport à l'axe des Y. L'image ainsi produite condense de manière sélective les données graphiques sur un ou plusieurs axes afin d'améliorer visuellement les caractéristiques contenues dans les données. Au lieu d'un système optique anamorphotique, il est possible d'utiliser une caméra vidéo et une bande magnétique pour enregistrer une image pouvant être visionnée ultérieurement avec des dimensions réduites.
EP19840900950 1983-03-04 1984-03-05 Procede et appareil pour l'amelioration optique de reseaux de donnees graphiques Withdrawn EP0135552A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU831283 1983-03-04
AU8312/83 1983-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0135552A1 true EP0135552A1 (fr) 1985-04-03

Family

ID=3699030

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840900950 Withdrawn EP0135552A1 (fr) 1983-03-04 1984-03-05 Procede et appareil pour l'amelioration optique de reseaux de donnees graphiques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0135552A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1984003567A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8701169A (nl) * 1987-05-15 1988-12-01 Philips Nv Beeldopneem- en -weergeefstelsel en hiervoor geschikte beeldopneeminrichting.
US20180120481A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Spectrum Optix Inc. Image concentrator grin lens system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1829634A (en) * 1927-04-29 1931-10-27 Chretien Henri Taking and projection of motion pictures and films therefor
US2535348A (en) * 1949-03-08 1950-12-26 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Optical recording apparatus for seismic waves
DE1547387A1 (de) * 1967-03-25 1969-12-18 Isco Optische Werke Gmbh Anamorphotisches Objektiv
US4017160A (en) * 1975-09-19 1977-04-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Continuously variable anamorphic lens

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8403567A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1984003567A1 (fr) 1984-09-13

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