EP0135478A1 - Method of stabilising soils so as to improve their bearing capacity - Google Patents

Method of stabilising soils so as to improve their bearing capacity Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0135478A1
EP0135478A1 EP84810421A EP84810421A EP0135478A1 EP 0135478 A1 EP0135478 A1 EP 0135478A1 EP 84810421 A EP84810421 A EP 84810421A EP 84810421 A EP84810421 A EP 84810421A EP 0135478 A1 EP0135478 A1 EP 0135478A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
stabilized
layer
soil
reinforcing elements
binder
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Granted
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EP84810421A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0135478B1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Claus
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Plana Engineering AG
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Plana Engineering AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/001—Track with ballast
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/012—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/03—Injecting, mixing or spraying additives into or onto ballast or underground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/05—Use of geotextiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for stabilizing soft, fine-grained soils in order to improve their load-bearing capacity according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Insufficiently stable soils are to be understood in particular to mean those which are highly sensitive to water and which react to environmental influences such as, for example, water ingress, changes in load, but also freezing and thawing, with changes in volume and / or strength.
  • Stabilizations with cement or lime are known in particular, the cement or lime being added as evenly as possible before any compaction and setting or hardening undisturbed for a few days after compaction. Soils stabilized in this way are generally stable against water and frost due to sufficient resistance to water absorption after setting or hardening. However, it is disadvantageous that these methods can only be used if the processed soil has a water content well below that of the flow limit, which is not the case with soft and / or softened soils.
  • Cement- and / or lime-stabilized floors have a greater or lesser compressive strength, depending on the binder content and floor structure, but practically no tensile strength.
  • Such clods can then sink into a soft surface, or with strong dynamic stress such as in the case of railway lines, ascend to the ballast or base course by pumping action. In both cases there is a progressive reduction in the size of the stabilized soil layer and the effect desired by the stabilization becomes increasingly less.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method for stabilizing soft, fine-grained soils, such as clayey silt, silt, fine sands and organically contaminated soils, in order to improve the load-bearing capacity of an overlying soil layer, in order to absorb the load through the grown, underlying soil without material replacement to be as "fluent" as possible, to increase work capacity and flexibility by increasing the bending tensile and shear strength within the consolidated soil area and to limit the crack formation caused by stress and shrinkage and to prevent crack propagation.
  • Another task is to achieve increased early strength properties, ie the ability of the stabilized ones Soil layer to be able to absorb larger loads shortly after installation or creation.
  • the aim of the invention is a method for stabilizing soils, in which the disadvantages of previous soil stabilization methods can be effectively eliminated with relatively simple means.
  • a method is to be created which is preferably used to improve the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil of traffic routes and other mechanically stressed areas by carrying out soil stabilization even under difficult weather conditions, e.g. Allows rain. It should be possible to achieve a stable soil layer between the grown soil and a wear or load-bearing layer shortly after completion of the work.
  • FIG. La shows two typical forms of application of the invention to existing civil engineering objects.
  • the first example shown (Fig. La) relates to an application that can be practiced specifically but not exclusively for track maintenance.
  • the gravel and the gravel case which is permeated with earth, are first removed and then the underlying soil is processed in a local mixing process, with the incorporation of binders such as cement, lime, etc., and the addition of water and reinforcing particles.
  • the grown soil is expediently prepared using a tiller.
  • the solidified layer secures a good load transfer so that the entire gravel case can be omitted.
  • the usual admixture of the binders takes place in the liquid state, so that automatically a lowermost binder-free base layer 3 of 2 to 3 cm in height at a e.g. a total of 12 to 15 cm high layer 2 to be stabilized and solidified.
  • a lowermost binder-free base layer 3 of 2 to 3 cm in height at a e.g. a total of 12 to 15 cm high layer 2 to be stabilized and solidified.
  • the second example shown (Fig. Lb) relates to an application of the method according to the invention in the construction or maintenance of low-stress roads, and in the creation of sidewalks and squares.
  • the method can also be used for the construction of the substructure of main roads in areas with unsustainable subsoil.
  • the preparation of the binder, liquid or water / earth mixture is also carried out here using the local mixing method as described above.
  • a lower-binder base layer is expediently provided.
  • binders are generally to be understood to mean, in addition to cement and lime, also binders based on silicate with and without hardener.
  • the main layer 5 made of stabilized soil material then receives a cover layer 6 in the form of a wear layer.
  • the height of the base layer 4 can advantageously be determined, for example, by means of height-adjustable means of the mixing device.
  • the reinforcement elements can consist of arbitrarily shaped and arbitrarily flexible, rod-like or schnitzel-like, approximately 4 to 20 cm long reinforcement elements 7 made of an elastically stretchable material.
  • Elements - in an at least circular configuration - have a diameter of 4 to 10 cm.
  • Rod or needle-shaped elements according to Fig. 2c should be about 4 - 10 cm long.
  • the element density in the soil material mixture to be stabilized is chosen depending on the desired load-bearing capacity, so that a reinforcing element surface area of more than 2 o / oo results per cut surface unit - viewed in any direction.
  • the reinforcing elements 9 should be oriented in any direction in the material mixture in order to achieve an approximately uniform anchoring effect.
  • the reinforcement elements shown in the examples according to FIGS. 2a-c have a length which at most corresponds approximately to the thickness of the bottom layer to be stabilized.
  • the cross-section of the reinforcing elements is at most about 12 m 2 to maintain the flexibility described.
  • FIG. 3 A further possibility of reinforcing a floor section that is to be stabilized and solidified for greater resilience is shown in FIG. 3.
  • a lattice-like or mesh-like sheet-like structure 12 for example a geotextile or steel wire mesh as basic reinforcement, is placed on a relatively low-meshed and essentially reinforcement-free base layer 10, for example on a relatively wide-meshed spacer grate 11, which is shown here as a bar grate, which is penetrated by the stabilized layer . Then you can bige element reinforcement of the type of mixture described.
  • a plurality of grids or net-like flat structures 12 can be embedded in the soft to viscous mixture at vertical intervals.
  • reinforcement elements according to FIGS. 2a-c can be sprinkled in.
  • the soil stabilization described can also be carried out in sections during the normally relatively short breaks in operation.
  • the decisive factor is the presence of the reinforcement elements described, which are able to increase the resting time which is usually also necessary in the case of quick ties by their internal stabilization.
  • the method according to the invention brings advantages not only in those cases where rapid progress or completion of the work is important. The method offers advantages for ground and slope stabilization where it is practically applicable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method of stabilizing soft, fine-grained soils, such as silts, fine sands, etc., without weight densification to obtain enhanced rapid strength properties which allow the soil to be loaded only a few hours after stabilization, the soil to be stabilized being prepared by in situ mixing processes with the addition of at least one silicate-containing binder, characterized in that the soil layer to be stabilized is first brought into a slurry condition by the addition of a mixture of water and the silicate-containing binder, where-after a plurality of individual reinforcing particles whose main dimension corresponds at most to the thickness of the soil layer to be stabilized are uniformly distributed in the resulting slurry.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von weichen, feinkörnigen Böden zwecks Verbesserung ihrer Tragfähigkeit nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for stabilizing soft, fine-grained soils in order to improve their load-bearing capacity according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, für bestimmte Belastungsarten'ungenügend stabile oder tragfähige Böden durch Beimischung von verfestigenden Bindemitteln oder den Einbau von sogenannten Geotextilien aus unverrottbaren Kunststoffmaterialien oder nicht korrodierender Flächengebilde mit Gitter- oder Netzstruktur wenigstens für eine beschränkte Zeit, aber auch dauernd so zu verbessern, dass eine für die Anforderungen ausreichende Stabilität oder Tragfähigkeit erreicht wird. Unter "ungenügend stabilen Böden" sollen insbesondere solche verstanden werden, welche eine hohe Wasserempfindlichkeit aufweisen und auf Umgebungseinflüsse wie z.B. Wasserzutritt,Belastungsänderungen, aber auch Gefrieren und Auftauen, mit Volumen- und/oder Festigkeitsänderungen reagieren. Bekannt sind vor allem Stabilisierungen mit Zement oder Kalk, wobei der Zement oder der Kalk vor einer allfälligen Verdichtung möglichst gleichmässig verteilt zugegeben und nach dem Verdichten einige Tage ungestört abbindet bzw. aushärtet. Solchermassen stabilisierte Böden sind in der Regel infolge ausreichender Resistenz gegen Wasseraufnahme nach dem Abbinden bzw. Aushärten zwar stabil gegen Wasser und Frost. Nachteilig ist aber, dass diese Verfahren nur angewandt werden können, wenn der bearbeitete Boden einen Wassergehalt deutlich unter dem der Fliessgrenze aufweist, was bei weichen und/oder aufgeweichten Böden nicht der Fall ist.It is known to improve floors that are insufficiently stable or stable for certain types of loads by admixing solidifying binders or the installation of so-called geotextiles made of non-rotting plastic materials or non-corrosive fabrics with a grid or network structure, at least for a limited time, but also continuously so that sufficient stability or load-bearing capacity is achieved for the requirements. “Insufficiently stable soils” are to be understood in particular to mean those which are highly sensitive to water and which react to environmental influences such as, for example, water ingress, changes in load, but also freezing and thawing, with changes in volume and / or strength. Stabilizations with cement or lime are known in particular, the cement or lime being added as evenly as possible before any compaction and setting or hardening undisturbed for a few days after compaction. Soils stabilized in this way are generally stable against water and frost due to sufficient resistance to water absorption after setting or hardening. However, it is disadvantageous that these methods can only be used if the processed soil has a water content well below that of the flow limit, which is not the case with soft and / or softened soils.

Zement- und/oder kalkstabilisierte Böden weisen je nach Bindemittelgehalt und Bodenaufbau eine mehr oder weniger grosse Druckfestigkeit, aber praktisch keine Zugfestigkeit auf. So besteht namentlich beim Auftreten von häufiger oder ständiger Wechselbeanspruchung die Gefahr, dass der Zusammenhalt der stabilisierten Schicht durch mechanische Beanspruchung verloren geht und sich die Schicht in mehr oder weniger grosse Schollen auflöst, sofern die stabilisierte Schicht nicht eine grosse Dicke aufweist. Solche Schollen können dann in einen weichen Untergrund absinken, oder bei starker dynamischer Beanspruchung wie z.B. bei Bahntrassen durch Pumpwirkung in die Schotter- bzw. Tragschicht aufsteigen. In beiden Fällen tritt eine fortschreitende Verkleinerung der stabilisierten Bodenschicht auf und die durch die Stabilisierung erwünschte Wirkung wird zunehmend geringer.Cement- and / or lime-stabilized floors have a greater or lesser compressive strength, depending on the binder content and floor structure, but practically no tensile strength. In particular, when there is frequent or constant alternating stress, there is a risk that the cohesion of the stabilized layer will be lost due to mechanical stress and that the layer will dissolve into more or less large clods, provided the stabilized layer is not thick. Such clods can then sink into a soft surface, or with strong dynamic stress such as in the case of railway lines, ascend to the ballast or base course by pumping action. In both cases there is a progressive reduction in the size of the stabilized soil layer and the effect desired by the stabilization becomes increasingly less.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von weichen, feinkörnigen Böden, wie tonige Silte, Silte, Feinsande sowie organisch verunreinigte Böden, zwecks Verbesserung der Tragfähigkeit einer obenliegenden Bodenschicht vorzuschlagen, um die Lastaufnahme durch den gewachsenen, darunterliegenden Boden ohne Materialersatz möglichst "fliessend" zu gestalten, das Arbeitsvermögen und die Flexibilität durch Steigerung der Biegezug- und Scherfestigkeit innerhalb des verfestigten Bodenbereichs zu erhöhen und um die durch Belastung und Schwinden bedingte Risseentstehung zu begrenzen und die Risseausbreitung zu behindern. Eine weitere Aufgabe ist das Erzielen gesteigerter Frühfestigkeitseigenschaften, d.h. die Fähigkeit der stabilisierten Bodenschicht, bereits kurz nach Einbau bzw. Erstellung grössere Belastungen aufnehmen zu können.The object of the present invention is to propose a method for stabilizing soft, fine-grained soils, such as clayey silt, silt, fine sands and organically contaminated soils, in order to improve the load-bearing capacity of an overlying soil layer, in order to absorb the load through the grown, underlying soil without material replacement to be as "fluent" as possible, to increase work capacity and flexibility by increasing the bending tensile and shear strength within the consolidated soil area and to limit the crack formation caused by stress and shrinkage and to prevent crack propagation. Another task is to achieve increased early strength properties, ie the ability of the stabilized ones Soil layer to be able to absorb larger loads shortly after installation or creation.

Das Ziel der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Böden, bei dem die Nachteile bisheriger Bodenstabilisierungsverfahren mit relativ einfachen Mitteln wirksam eliminierbar sind. Es soll insbesondere ein Verfahren geschaffen werden, das vorzugsweise für die Verbesserung der Tragfähigkeit des von Verkehrswegen und anderem stark mechanisch beanspruchtem Baugrund die Durchführung von Bodenstabilisierungen auch unter schwierigen Witterungsverhältnissen, z.B. Regen ermöglicht. Dabei soll bereits kurz nach Arbeitsabschluss eine tragfähige Bodenschicht zwischen dem gewachsenen Boden und einer Verschleiss- bzw. Lastaufnahmeschicht erzielbar sein.The aim of the invention is a method for stabilizing soils, in which the disadvantages of previous soil stabilization methods can be effectively eliminated with relatively simple means. In particular, a method is to be created which is preferably used to improve the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil of traffic routes and other mechanically stressed areas by carrying out soil stabilization even under difficult weather conditions, e.g. Allows rain. It should be possible to achieve a stable soil layer between the grown soil and a wear or load-bearing layer shortly after completion of the work.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe und die Mittel zu Erreichung des Erfindungszieles sind durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentan- . spruchs 1 definiert. Ausführungsformen davon gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor.The inventive solution to the problem and the means to achieve the object of the invention are due to the characterizing features of the patent. Proof 1 defined. Embodiments thereof emerge from the dependent claims.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens bzw. der durch das Verfahren zu erzielenden stabilisierten Bodenschicht sind nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. In diesen zeigt :

  • Fig. la, b Querschnitte durch a) einen Bahngeleisekörper mit einer unter der Schotterauflage, und b) im gewachsenen Boden eines Strassen- oder Platzterrains unter der Verschleisschicht eingebauten stabilisierten Schicht nach der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 2a, b, c drei Beispiele für nach dem Streuverfahren in eine zu stabilisierende Schicht eingebrachte Armierungselemente aus a) offenen, beliebig biegbaren, schnitzelartigen Materalien, b) in sich geschlossenen Gebilden aus federsteifen Ringgliedern, und c) aus nadel-oder stabförmigen länglichen Fasern oder Fasergebilden, und
  • Fig. 3 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Bodenstabilisierung mit einer die Materialverzahnung und die Bruchfestigkeit im Uebergangsbereich zum gewachsenen Boden mechanisch steigernden Gittereinlage im Bereich der zu stabilisierenden Schicht.
Some exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention or of the stabilized bottom layer to be achieved by the method are described below with reference to the drawing. In these shows:
  • Fig. La, b cross-sections through a) a railroad track body with a stabilized layer according to the invention installed under the ballast layer, and b) in the grown soil of a street or square terrace under the wear layer;
  • 2a, b, c three examples of reinforcement elements introduced by the scattering process into a layer to be stabilized, made of a) open, freely bendable, chip-like materials, b) self-contained structures made of spring-stiff ring members, and c) of needle-shaped or rod-shaped elongated members Fibers or fiber structures, and
  • 3 shows a further embodiment of the soil stabilization according to the invention with a grid insert in the area of the layer to be stabilized, which mechanically increases the material gearing and the breaking strength in the transition area to the grown soil.

Die Fig. la, b zeigen zwei typische Anwendungsformen der Erfindung an bestehenden Tiefbauobjekten. Das erstgezeigte Beispiel (Fig. la) betrifft eine speziell aber nicht ausschliesslich beim Geleiseunterhalt praktizierbare Anwendung. Ein durch jahrelanges Befahren unelastisch gewordenes Schotterbett 1, in das aus dem ursprünglich darunterliegenden Kieskoffer infolge Pumpwirkung aufgestiegenes Basismaterial (= gewachsener Boden oder Dammschüttung) eingedrungen ist, soll ersetzt werden. Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird zunächst der mit Erde durchsetzte Schotter und der Kieskoffer entfernt und hierauf der darunterliegende gewachsene Boden im Ortsmischverfahren aufbereitet wobei die Einarbeitung von Bindemitteln wie Zement, Kalk etc., sowie die Beigabe von Wasser und Armierungsteilchen erfolgt. Die Aufbereitung des gewachsenen Bodens erfolgt zweckmässig mit einer Bodenfräse. Die verfestigte Schicht sichert eine gute Lastübertragung, so dass der gesamte Kieskoffer entfallen kann.La, b show two typical forms of application of the invention to existing civil engineering objects. The first example shown (Fig. La) relates to an application that can be practiced specifically but not exclusively for track maintenance. A ballast bed 1, which has become inelastic due to years of driving, into which base material (= grown soil or embankment fill), which has risen from the gravel case originally underneath as a result of pumping action, is to be replaced. In order to carry out the method according to the invention, the gravel and the gravel case, which is permeated with earth, are first removed and then the underlying soil is processed in a local mixing process, with the incorporation of binders such as cement, lime, etc., and the addition of water and reinforcing particles. The grown soil is expediently prepared using a tiller. The solidified layer secures a good load transfer so that the entire gravel case can be omitted.

Die übliche Beimischung der Bindemittel erfolgt in flüssigem Zustand, so dass automatisch durch Infiltration eine unterste bindemittelärmere Basisschicht 3 von 2 bis 3 cm Höhe bei einer z.B. insgesamt 12 bis 15 cm hohen zu stabilisierenden und zu verfestigenden Schicht 2 entsteht. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Bindemittelbeimischung zusammen mit der Wasserbeigabe vorzunehmen.The usual admixture of the binders takes place in the liquid state, so that automatically a lowermost binder-free base layer 3 of 2 to 3 cm in height at a e.g. a total of 12 to 15 cm high layer 2 to be stabilized and solidified. However, it is also possible to add the binder together with the water.

Das zweitgezeigte Beispiel (Fig. lb) betrifft eine Anwendung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens beim Bau oder Unterhalt von schwach belastbaren Strassen, sowie bei der Erstellung von Trottoirs und Plätzen. Das Verfahren ist auch anwendbar für die Erstellung des Unterbaus von Hauptstrassen in Gebieten mit wenig tragfähigem Untergrund. Das Aufbereiten des Bindemittel-, Flüssigkeits-, bzw. Wasser-Erdgemisches erfolgt auch hier nach dem Ortsmischverfahren wie oben beschrieben. Ebenso wird zweckmässig eine bindemittelärmere Basisschicht vorgesehen. Unter Bindemitteln sollen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung allgemein neben Zement und Kalk auch auf Silikatbasis mit und ohne Härter bestehende Bindemittel verstanden werden. Die Hauptschicht 5 aus stabilisiertem Bodenmaterial erhält dann eine Deckschicht 6 in der Form einer Verschleisschicht. Vorteilhaft kann beim Ortsmischverfahren die Höhe der Basisschicht 4 beispielsweise durch höhenverstellbare Mittel des Mischgerätes festgelegt werden.The second example shown (Fig. Lb) relates to an application of the method according to the invention in the construction or maintenance of low-stress roads, and in the creation of sidewalks and squares. The method can also be used for the construction of the substructure of main roads in areas with unsustainable subsoil. The preparation of the binder, liquid or water / earth mixture is also carried out here using the local mixing method as described above. Likewise, a lower-binder base layer is expediently provided. In the context of the present invention, binders are generally to be understood to mean, in addition to cement and lime, also binders based on silicate with and without hardener. The main layer 5 made of stabilized soil material then receives a cover layer 6 in the form of a wear layer. In the case of the local mixing method, the height of the base layer 4 can advantageously be determined, for example, by means of height-adjustable means of the mixing device.

Dem weichen bis viskosen Bodenmaterial-Bindemittel-WasserGemisch werden erfindungsgemäss Armierungselemente beigegeben, die in die genannte Mischung eingearbeitet und in dieser im wesentlichen gleichmässig verteilt suspendiert werden. Das Einarbeiten der Armierungselemente erfolgt grundsätzlich nur bei weichem bis breiigem Zustand des zu stabilisierenden Bodens und erfolgt zweckmässig mittels fahrbarer Verteil- und Einbringgeräte, z.B. mittels der auch zum Aufbereiten des Bodens benützten Bodenfräse. Als Beispiel eines typischen Arbeitsablaufes beim erfindungsgemässen Bodenstabilisieren kann nachdemEntfernen allfälliger nicht näher zu beschreibender Deckschichten folgender Vorgang betrachtet werden :

  • 1. Auffräsen der zu stabilisierenden Bodenschicht;
  • 2. Vorinfiltration von Bindemittel bzw. Bindemitteln und Flüssigkeit bzw. Wasser;
  • 3. Einstreuen von Armierungselementen;
  • 4. Mischen des mit Bindemittel vorinfiltrierten Bodenmaterials, Wasser und Armierungselementen und allfälliger Beigabe von weiterem Wasser zur Erzielung des breiigen Zustandes;
  • 5. Beigabe von allenfalls weiterem (weiteren) Bindemittel (Bindemitteln);
  • 6. Einmischen der allenfalls nach 5) beigegebenen weiteren Bindemittelbeigabe.
According to the invention, reinforcing elements are added to the soft to viscous soil material-binder-water mixture, which are incorporated into the above-mentioned mixture and are suspended in it in an essentially uniform distribution. The reinforcement elements are only incorporated when the soil to be stabilized is in a soft to mushy state and is expediently carried out by means of mobile distributing and inserting devices, for example by means of the tiller which is also used to prepare the soil. As an example of a typical workflow in soil stabilization according to the invention, the following process can be considered after removing any covering layers that cannot be described in more detail:
  • 1. Milling the soil layer to be stabilized;
  • 2. pre-infiltration of binders or binders and liquid or water;
  • 3. sprinkling of reinforcement elements;
  • 4. Mixing the soil material, water and reinforcement elements pre-infiltrated with binding agent and any additional water to achieve the mushy state;
  • 5. addition of any further (further) binder (binders);
  • 6. Mix in any additional binder added after 5).

Die Armierungselemente können nach Fig. 2a aus beliebig geformten und beliebig biegsamen, stab- oder schnitzelartigen, etwa 4 bis 20 cm langen Armierungselementen 7 aus einem elastisch dehnbaren Material bestehen. Bei nach Fig. 2b ringförmig geschlossenen Armierungselementen sollen die Elemente - in einer wenigstens kreisförmig gedachten Konfiguration - 4 bis 10 cm Durchmesser aufweisen. Stab- oder nadelförmige Elemente nach Fig. 2c sollen ca. 4 - 10 cm lang sein. Die Element-Dichte in der zu stabilisierenden Bodenmaterialmischung wird je nach der gewünschten Belastbarkeit so gewählt, dass sich pro Schnittflächeneinheit - in beliebigen Richtungen gesehen - ein Armierungselementenflächenanteil von mehr als 2 o/oo ergibt.According to FIG. 2a, the reinforcement elements can consist of arbitrarily shaped and arbitrarily flexible, rod-like or schnitzel-like, approximately 4 to 20 cm long reinforcement elements 7 made of an elastically stretchable material. In the case of reinforcement elements which are closed in a ring shape according to FIG. 2b Elements - in an at least circular configuration - have a diameter of 4 to 10 cm. Rod or needle-shaped elements according to Fig. 2c should be about 4 - 10 cm long. The element density in the soil material mixture to be stabilized is chosen depending on the desired load-bearing capacity, so that a reinforcing element surface area of more than 2 o / oo results per cut surface unit - viewed in any direction.

Die Armierungselemente 9 sollen in beliebigen Richtungen in der Materialmischung orientiert sein, um eine rundum etwa gleichmässige Verankerungswirkung zu erzielen.The reinforcing elements 9 should be oriented in any direction in the material mixture in order to achieve an approximately uniform anchoring effect.

Grundsätzlich besitzen die in den Beispielen nach Fig. 2a-c gezeigten Armierungselemente eine Länge, die höchstens etwa der Dicke der zu stabilisierenden Bodenschicht entspricht. Der Querschnitt der Armierungselemente beträgt zur Erhaltung der beschriebenen Flexibilität höchstens etwa 12 mm 2.Fundamentally, the reinforcement elements shown in the examples according to FIGS. 2a-c have a length which at most corresponds approximately to the thickness of the bottom layer to be stabilized. The cross-section of the reinforcing elements is at most about 12 m 2 to maintain the flexibility described.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Armierung eines für höhere Belastbarkeit zu stabilisierenden und zu verfestigenden Bodenabschnitts ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt. Auf einer bindemittelarmen- und im wesentlichen armierungselementfreien Basisschicht 10 wird z.B. auf einem relativ weitmaschigen Distanzierungsrost 11, der hier als Stabrost dargestellt ist, ein gitter- oder netzartiges Flächengebilde 12, z.B. ein Geotextil oder Stahldrahtnetz als Grundarmierung aufgelegt, das von der stabilisierten Schicht durchdrungen wird. Anschliessend kann beliebige Elementarmierung der beschriebenen Art des Gemisches erfolgen.A further possibility of reinforcing a floor section that is to be stabilized and solidified for greater resilience is shown in FIG. 3. A lattice-like or mesh-like sheet-like structure 12, for example a geotextile or steel wire mesh as basic reinforcement, is placed on a relatively low-meshed and essentially reinforcement-free base layer 10, for example on a relatively wide-meshed spacer grate 11, which is shown here as a bar grate, which is penetrated by the stabilized layer . Then you can bige element reinforcement of the type of mixture described.

Mehrere Gitter oder netzartige Flächengebilde 12 können in vertikalen Abständen in das weiche bis viskose Gemisch eingebettet werden. Zusätzlich zu den genannten Flächengebilden können Armierungselemente nach den Fig. 2a - c eingestreut werden.A plurality of grids or net-like flat structures 12 can be embedded in the soft to viscous mixture at vertical intervals. In addition to the flat structures mentioned, reinforcement elements according to FIGS. 2a-c can be sprinkled in.

Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, durch Schnellabbindezusätze namentlich im Bahnunterbau-Unterhalt so kurze Abbindezeiten zu erzielen, dass die beschriebene Bodenstabilisierung auch in den normalerweise relativ kurzen Betriebspausen abschnittweise erfolgen kann. Ausschlaggebend ist jedoch das Vorhandensein der beschriebenen Armierungselemente, welche die üblicherweise auch bei Schnellabbindern notwendige Ruhezeit durch ihre innere Stabilisierung zu steigern imstande sind. Indessen bringt das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren nicht nur in solchen Fällen Vorteile, wo ein rascher Arbeitsfortschritt oder -abschluss wichtig ist. Das Verfahren bietet für Baugrund- und Hangstabilisierungen Vorteile, wo es praktisch anwendbar ist.Of course, it is possible to achieve such short setting times, particularly in the maintenance of the railway substructure, by means of quick-setting additives that the soil stabilization described can also be carried out in sections during the normally relatively short breaks in operation. The decisive factor, however, is the presence of the reinforcement elements described, which are able to increase the resting time which is usually also necessary in the case of quick ties by their internal stabilization. However, the method according to the invention brings advantages not only in those cases where rapid progress or completion of the work is important. The method offers advantages for ground and slope stabilization where it is practically applicable.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von weichen, feinkörnigen Böden zwecks Verbesserung ihrer Tragfähigkeit unter Verwendung von zement- und/oder kalk- sowie silikathaltigen Bindemitteln mit Flüssigkeitszugabe zur Erzielung eines weichen bis breiigen, tixotropen Zustandes für die Einmischung in ein Bodenmaterial-Bindemittel-Gemisch im Ortsmischverfahren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Bodenmaterial-Bindemittel-Flüssigkeitsgemisch Einzel-Armierungselemente beigeben und in diesem Gemisch gleichmässig suspendiert werden.1. Method for stabilizing soft, fine-grained soils in order to improve their load-bearing capacity using cement and / or lime and silicate-containing binders with liquid addition to achieve a soft to mushy, tixotropic state for mixing into a soil material / binder mixture using the local mixing method , characterized in that the soil material-binder-liquid mixture add individual reinforcing elements and are evenly suspended in this mixture. 2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Armierungselemente höchstens der Dicke der zu stabilisierenden Bodenschicht entspricht und ihr Querschnitt im wesentlichen unter 12 mm2 liegt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the reinforcing elements corresponds at most to the thickness of the bottom layer to be stabilized and its cross section is substantially less than 12 mm 2 . 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Armierungselemente (7) beliebig geformte und beliebig biegbare stab- oder schnitzelartige Elemente sind.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (7) are arbitrarily shaped and bendable rod or schnitzel-like elements. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Armierungselemente (8) ringförmig geschlossene Gebilde sind.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (8) are closed annular structures. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Armierungselemente (9) aus biegesteifem Material in Nadel- oder Stabform gestaltet sind.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (9) are made of rigid material in needle or rod shape. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Armierungselemente auf die Oberfäche der noch weichen, zu stabilisierenden Schicht aufgestreut und anschliessend eingedrückt werden.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing elements are sprinkled onto the surface of the still soft layer to be stabilized and then pressed in. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem gewachsenen Boden und der zu stabilisierenden Schicht eine bindemittelarme Basisschicht im gleichen Arbeitsgang erstellt wird.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a low-binder base layer is created in the same operation between the grown soil and the layer to be stabilized. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die zu stabilisierende Schicht ein gitterartiges Flächengebilde eingebaut wird.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a lattice-like sheet is installed in the layer to be stabilized.
EP84810421A 1983-09-01 1984-08-27 Method of stabilising soils so as to improve their bearing capacity Expired EP0135478B1 (en)

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CH480683A CH664405A5 (en) 1983-09-01 1983-09-01 METHOD FOR STABILIZING A SOIL LAYER.
CH4806/83 1983-09-01

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Cited By (18)

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EP0285622A1 (en) * 1986-10-03 1988-10-12 W Wayne Freed Reinforced soil and method.
DE4013801A1 (en) * 1990-04-28 1991-11-07 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Consolidation of loose soil - by injecting liq. cement into soil with aid of compressed air
GB2258874A (en) * 1991-08-17 1993-02-24 Peter John Town Method of forming an impervious barrier beneath a thoroughfare
US5511485A (en) * 1993-08-31 1996-04-30 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Method and apparatus for stabilizing a subgrade with additives added through the scarifier
US6042305A (en) * 1997-08-15 2000-03-28 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Fiber-reinforced soil mixtures
WO2002012627A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-14 Ashby, David Multilayered railway structure
DE19535230B4 (en) * 1994-10-05 2004-03-04 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Machine for forming a level protection layer of a track
US6858593B2 (en) 2000-08-05 2005-02-22 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
DE202006019143U1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-04-30 Wiebe Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg Track construction machine for track restoration
CN102767128A (en) * 2012-08-14 2012-11-07 天津二十冶建设有限公司 Construction method capable of controlling top surface elevation for surcharge load soil of subgrade
CN104762859A (en) * 2015-03-17 2015-07-08 江苏花王园艺股份有限公司 Method for treating soft soil roadbed by hillside stones
WO2015149924A1 (en) * 2014-04-05 2015-10-08 Mikkelsen Terje Method and soil-stabilizing means for permanently stabilizing frost-exposed fine and mixed mineral soils for use as high-load-bearing and frost-proof foundation, base, bedding and filling layers in building and road construction and in earthworks and civil engineering
CN108642988A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-10-12 杭州江润科技有限公司 Embankment base disease Comprehensive Treatment repairs structure and construction method
CN111218861A (en) * 2020-01-21 2020-06-02 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 Construction method for controlling compaction quality of high-speed railway roadbed
CN111549600A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-18 东南大学 Road widening junction roadbed processing structure on deep and soft foundation
CN112112026A (en) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-22 西安建筑科技大学 Supporting structure for preventing road surface from collapsing
CN114032723A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-02-11 山东大学 Method for regulating and controlling water content and compact state of roadbed based on weather-resistant hydrogel in operation period
CN116289375A (en) * 2023-03-22 2023-06-23 黑龙江农垦建工路桥有限公司 Construction method suitable for alternately filling wind-driven materials and river sand into roadbed

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US2677955A (en) * 1943-02-12 1954-05-11 Constantinesco George Reinforced concrete
FR1113604A (en) * 1954-11-20 1956-04-03 Method for reinforcing a material to be cast or molded
DE1924154A1 (en) * 1968-05-17 1969-11-27 Algemene Kunstzijde Unie Nv Process to improve the load-bearing capacity of roads, dams or dykes
US3616589A (en) * 1968-10-31 1971-11-02 James L Sherard Fiber reinforced concrete
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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0285622A1 (en) * 1986-10-03 1988-10-12 W Wayne Freed Reinforced soil and method.
EP0285622A4 (en) * 1986-10-03 1989-02-21 W Wayne Freed Reinforced soil and method.
DE4013801A1 (en) * 1990-04-28 1991-11-07 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Consolidation of loose soil - by injecting liq. cement into soil with aid of compressed air
GB2258874A (en) * 1991-08-17 1993-02-24 Peter John Town Method of forming an impervious barrier beneath a thoroughfare
US5511485A (en) * 1993-08-31 1996-04-30 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Method and apparatus for stabilizing a subgrade with additives added through the scarifier
DE19535230B4 (en) * 1994-10-05 2004-03-04 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Machine for forming a level protection layer of a track
US6042305A (en) * 1997-08-15 2000-03-28 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Fiber-reinforced soil mixtures
US6858593B2 (en) 2000-08-05 2005-02-22 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
WO2002012627A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-14 Ashby, David Multilayered railway structure
DE202006019143U1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-04-30 Wiebe Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg Track construction machine for track restoration
CN102767128A (en) * 2012-08-14 2012-11-07 天津二十冶建设有限公司 Construction method capable of controlling top surface elevation for surcharge load soil of subgrade
CN102767128B (en) * 2012-08-14 2014-10-29 天津二十冶建设有限公司 Construction method capable of controlling top surface elevation for surcharge load soil of subgrade
WO2015149924A1 (en) * 2014-04-05 2015-10-08 Mikkelsen Terje Method and soil-stabilizing means for permanently stabilizing frost-exposed fine and mixed mineral soils for use as high-load-bearing and frost-proof foundation, base, bedding and filling layers in building and road construction and in earthworks and civil engineering
CN104762859A (en) * 2015-03-17 2015-07-08 江苏花王园艺股份有限公司 Method for treating soft soil roadbed by hillside stones
CN108642988A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-10-12 杭州江润科技有限公司 Embankment base disease Comprehensive Treatment repairs structure and construction method
CN108642988B (en) * 2018-06-26 2020-08-04 杭州江润科技有限公司 Comprehensive treatment and repair structure for embankment base layer diseases and construction method
CN111218861A (en) * 2020-01-21 2020-06-02 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 Construction method for controlling compaction quality of high-speed railway roadbed
CN111549600A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-18 东南大学 Road widening junction roadbed processing structure on deep and soft foundation
CN112112026A (en) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-22 西安建筑科技大学 Supporting structure for preventing road surface from collapsing
CN112112026B (en) * 2020-09-25 2021-09-14 西安建筑科技大学 Supporting structure for preventing road surface from collapsing
CN114032723A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-02-11 山东大学 Method for regulating and controlling water content and compact state of roadbed based on weather-resistant hydrogel in operation period
CN116289375A (en) * 2023-03-22 2023-06-23 黑龙江农垦建工路桥有限公司 Construction method suitable for alternately filling wind-driven materials and river sand into roadbed
CN116289375B (en) * 2023-03-22 2023-09-19 黑龙江农垦建工路桥有限公司 Construction method suitable for alternately filling wind-driven materials and river sand into roadbed

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EP0135478B1 (en) 1988-01-07
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