EP0134737A1 - Submarine suction cup of the low pressure by suction type - Google Patents

Submarine suction cup of the low pressure by suction type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0134737A1
EP0134737A1 EP84401515A EP84401515A EP0134737A1 EP 0134737 A1 EP0134737 A1 EP 0134737A1 EP 84401515 A EP84401515 A EP 84401515A EP 84401515 A EP84401515 A EP 84401515A EP 0134737 A1 EP0134737 A1 EP 0134737A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
suction cup
underwater
skirt
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84401515A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0134737B1 (en
Inventor
Joel Beauchef
Yves Dezaunay
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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Publication of EP0134737A1 publication Critical patent/EP0134737A1/en
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C7/00—Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
    • B63C7/16—Apparatus engaging vessels or objects
    • B63C7/22—Apparatus engaging vessels or objects using electromagnets or suction devices

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of underwater works, and more particularly devices aimed at producing solid attachment points on an underwater wall.
  • Suction cups of different types have been used for a long time to achieve these solid support points.
  • the first principle is generally used for the fixing and the maintenance of the explosive charges of destruction but their effectiveness is limited in time (and strongly depends on the care brought to their installation) and their force of adhesion is rather weak. They also require a surface cleaned beforehand.
  • the second principle is used for fixing robots or systems, machining.
  • the magnetic suction cups are not very effective, require careful cleaning of the magnetic walls and their weight allows only horizontal applications downwards.
  • the third principle is also unsatisfactory since it is not very effective due to the absence of skirts. In addition, this is lpurd and bulky equipment.
  • a final principle consists in using suction cups of the vacuum type maintained by a permanent pumping means for possible leaks.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a suction cup of the latter type (with maintained vacuum) which is portable, therefore of low weight, but retains a large autonomy without the addition of energy or fluid from a carrier boat.
  • the invention therefore aims to obtain, while avoiding the aforementioned drawbacks, effective fixing along a submerged wall.
  • the solid attachment point will be achieved by an underwater suction cup, of the vacuum type maintained by a means of permanent pumping of any leaks.
  • a feature of the invention is to include the batteries and the motor 2 driving the pump 9 inside a sealed enclosure 7 without opening towards the pump, which ensures better tightness of the electrical circuit and batteries, this being permitted by virtue of the motor-pump connection produced through the sealed wall of the enclosure 7 without opening of the latter by means of a magnetic coupling.
  • the skirt is made of neoprene.
  • the sealing skirt 10 is a single-walled skirt, interchangeable.
  • the sealing skirt 10 has a double wall with a profile suitable for holding plates before welding, the wall with internal profile 13 being longer than the external wall 12 and the two walls each having a variation 19 in their length over part of their circumference, the variation in length being a function of the thickness of the plate to be welded.
  • the sealing skirt 10 is double-walled, the profile of which is suitable for lifting spherical objects, the internal wall 13 being either shorter or the same length as the external wall 12 and the skirt 10 being interchangeable according to the extent of the variation in the diameters of the various spherical objects to be lifted.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an autonomous device for assisting the progression underwater of a diver along a wall despite the presence of large manin currents, the device comprising two suction cups according to the invention used alternately.
  • the suction cups may include a means of simultaneous action of stopping the engine and putting the vacuum bell of the suction cup at ambient pressure.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce by means of the suction cups according to the invention a sub-mann workshop comprising a platform allowing the laying of heavy loads or tools, this sub-man workshop can be applied in any place under the hull of a ship by means of the aforementioned suction cups, to assist a diver carrying out repairs under the hull and ensuring off-shore work.
  • the underwater suction cup can include a safety device triggering the operation of the pump 9 at a predetermined depth.
  • the underwater suction cup is presented according to FIG. 1.
  • the sealed enclosure 7 of the suction cup contains the pump 9 and the motor 2, the driving of the pump 9 by the motor 2 being done by means of the magnetic coupling 8.
  • the motor is started manually using the contactor 4, and thanks to the safety device 11 (see fig. 2 and 9) triggering at a predetermined depth.
  • the contactor 4 is engaged, the motor 2 is supplied, either by the internal batteries 3, or by means of the external power connector 6.
  • a vacuum by suction is then created in the bell formed by the skirt 10, the pump 9 being provided with exhaust 1.
  • This pump 9 differs from vacuum pumps by air suction in the following way: it works by only sucking water, which is also its lubricating liquid and can maintain a significant vacuum inside of the bell formed by the skirt 10, even in the absence of flow.
  • the seal is achieved thanks to the neoprene skirt 10.
  • a skirt holder allows its interchangeability.
  • the suction cup marine according to the second variant is presented according to Figure 5.
  • the skirt is provided with two walls 12 and 13 substantially the same length, which allows to obtain a better seal in the case where one of the two skirts would be badly positioned.
  • the wall 13 is longer than the wall 12 (see for example the right part of FIG. 7).
  • the plunger by applying the suction cup against an underwater wall, only brings the wall into contact with the latter 13. Adhesion is then achieved, but the wall 13 may not be perfectly positioned and leaks remain .
  • the plunger having released the handle 5, can then perfectly position the wall 12, the latter not having yet adhered to the underwater wall.
  • This principle has the enormous advantage of avoiding the diver during an imperfect adhesion to the wall 12, having to start the whole maneuver again, and has perfect tightness, the diver having all the time necessary to perform positioning. wall 12.
  • the skirt shown in Figure 7 is provided with a wall 13 longer than the wall 12.
  • the variant of the underwater suction cup shown in Figure 7 is also suitable for holding plates before welding.
  • the two walls, of unequal length each have a variation in their length over part of their circumference. This variation corresponds to the thickness of the plate to be welded and can range, while guaranteeing perfect sealing, up to a maximum of 12 mm.
  • Figure 6 shows the variant of an underwater suction cup suitable for lifting spherical objects.
  • the two walls 12 and 13 are of different length, the wall 12 being longer than the wall 13 so that the end of the two walls is disposed on the same sphere.
  • the adhesion of the two walls will be carried out in a perfect manner, the end of the two walls also being bevelled to allow total sealing.
  • the wall 13 will adhere first, thus allowing the plunger to perfectly position the wall 12.
  • the basic principle of the underwater suction cup can be adapted as required.
  • the device shown in FIG. 8 comprises a single vacuum pump 9 connected by means of flexible pipes 15 to different vacuum chambers provided with single or double walled sealing skirts.
  • the suction cups are connected to each other using a rigid frame 14. This device makes it possible, for example, to fix a cleaning robot or other automatic mechanisms along an underwater hull.
  • specific skirts can be adapted to each particular case.
  • FIG. 9 shows the safety device triggering the pump at a certain depth.
  • This device is composed of a plate with holes 16 in which the water establishes a pressure acting on the membrane 17. The latter, by deforming, will establish contact at a certain pressure corresponding to a predetermined immersion depth, with relay 18 connected in series in the control circuit between the contactor and the motor. Thus the engine will be started and the pump will come into action.
  • the suction cup In lateral traction, the suction cup is pulled out between 50 daN and 100 daN depending on the surface condition.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 show a variant of space-saving suction cup which can be intended to aid the progression of a diver along a boat hull in the presence of a sea current.
  • the control means 20 is produced in the form of an on / off switch 22 for the motor 2, actuated by a sealed push-button 23 acting against a spring 24, the push-button 23 being integral with a rod 25 operating a valve 21 which allows, by pressing on the pusher, to put the interior of the vacuum bell 10 into communication with the marine environment through a nozzle 26.
  • the batteries 3 for supplying the engine 2 may not be placed inside the sealed enclosure 7 but be placed on the compressed air bottles 27 of the plunger (see FIG. 12). , the batteries 3 then being connected to the motor 2 by cables 28.
  • the invention allows the production of a self-supporting means for assisting the progression underwater of a diver along a wall against currents of 1 to 2 knots.
  • the diver holds in each hand a suction cup carrying an integrated battery or connected by a cable 28 to a battery 3 supported by its compressed air bottles.
  • the plunger presses a suction cup against the wall by releasing the control means 20; the pump then operates while the vacuum bell is closed by the valve 21 and the suction cup becomes vacuum.
  • the plunger presses a second suction cup further on the wall and detaches the first suction cup by pressing on the control means 20, which has the effect of stopping the engine 2 and putting the bell 10 and the sea into communication.
  • Lightened suction cups weighing less than 3 daN made according to the invention thus made it possible for a diver to progress or work with an autonomy of more than an hour in currents of 2 knots.
  • an underwater workshop is produced by means of a platform scaffolding 30 comprising expandable horizontal and vertical tubes 31 at the end of which suction cups 33 can be arranged according to the invention.
  • the suction cups 33 are arranged at the end of the horizontal or vertical tubes 31, depending on the inclination of the hull or of the wall on which the underwater workshop is to be fixed. To allow better adaptability of the assembly, the suction cups are mounted to rotate on the arms 31 by means of rotation axes 32.
  • the load capacity of the platform 30 is under water of 1000 daN with an autonomy of one hour.
  • external batteries can be used on the carrier boat to which the suction cups 33 will be connected.
  • the submarine workshop thus produced has an important advantage compared to previous achievements which were fixed under the ship using two straps passed from one edge to the other.
  • the implementation time of these prior devices required approximately four hours of work for two divers and three men on board while the device according to the present invention requires only half an hour of work for 2 divers and a man of edge.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

1. Autonomous, portable underwater suction cup providing a solid securing point on an underwater wall, of the type in which the vacuum is created by sustained suction from a pumping system continually pumping out any leaks, consisting of one turbine pump (9) that can operate at zero flow and supported by a vacuum bell-jar, the said suction cup including at least one watertightness skirt, wherein it includes : - one watertight chamber (7) containing the batteries (3), the electrical circuit and the drive motor (2) ; - one magnetic drive coupling (8) linking pump (9) to motor (2) through the watertight wall of the chamber.

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des travaux sous-marins, et plus particulièrement des dispositifs visant à réaliser des points d'accrochage solides sur une paroi sous-marine.The technical sector of the present invention is that of underwater works, and more particularly devices aimed at producing solid attachment points on an underwater wall.

Dans le domaine des travaux sous-marins, les plongeurs se sont toujours heurtés au problème, pourtant essentiel, de se fixer solidement sur une paroi pour y effectuer des travaux par exemple de soudage, de perçage, ou encore de fixation de tape pour l'évacuation de produits contenus dans des cuves.In the field of underwater works, divers have always come up against the problem, however essential, of fixing themselves firmly on a wall to carry out work there, for example welding, drilling, or even fixing tape for the evacuation of products contained in tanks.

On utilise depuis longtemps des ventouses de différents types pour réaliser ces points d'appuis solides. Les types de réalisations antérieures connus sont au nombre de trois : les ventouses statiques sous-marines, les ventouses magnétiques et les ventouses magnétiques entretenues.Suction cups of different types have been used for a long time to achieve these solid support points. There are three types of prior known embodiments: underwater static suction cups, magnetic suction cups and maintained magnetic suction cups.

Le premier principe est en général utilisé pour la fixation et le maintien des charges explosives de destruction mais leur efficacité est limitée dans le temps (et dépend fortement du soin apporté à leur pose) et leur force d'adhésion est assez faible. Elles exigent en outre une surface nettoyée au préalable.The first principle is generally used for the fixing and the maintenance of the explosive charges of destruction but their effectiveness is limited in time (and strongly depends on the care brought to their installation) and their force of adhesion is rather weak. They also require a surface cleaned beforehand.

Le second principe est utilisé pour la fixation de robots ou de systèmes, d'usinages. Mais les ventouses magnétiques sont peu efficaces, demandent un nettoyage soigné des parois magnétiques et leur poids n'autorise que des applications horizontales vers le bas.The second principle is used for fixing robots or systems, machining. However, the magnetic suction cups are not very effective, require careful cleaning of the magnetic walls and their weight allows only horizontal applications downwards.

Le troisième principe est également insatisfaisant car peu efficace du fait de l'absence de jupes. De plus, il s'agit là de matériel lpurd et encombrant.The third principle is also unsatisfactory since it is not very effective due to the absence of skirts. In addition, this is lpurd and bulky equipment.

Un dernier principe consiste à utiliser des ventouses du type à dépression entretenue par un moyen de pompage permanent des fuites éventuelles.A final principle consists in using suction cups of the vacuum type maintained by a permanent pumping means for possible leaks.

Les brevets US 2347 491, US 2876 026 et FR 2071 477 décrivent de telles ventouses. Toutefois, ils décrivent des dispositifs tous reliés à une alimentation externe disposée sur un bateau porteur, les ventouses elles-mêmes étant de gros volume pour permettre avec seulement trois ou quatre ventouses d'assurer le renfloueme d'un navire. Ces dispositifs ne sont pas autonomes et ne sont pas portables par un plongeur.US patents 2,347,491, US 2,876,026 and FR 2,071,477 describe such suction cups. However, they describe devices all connected to an external power supply arranged on a carrying boat, the suction cups themselves being of large volume to allow with only three or four suction cups to refloat a ship. These devices are not autonomous and are not portable by a diver.

L'invention a pour but de fournir une ventouse de ce dernier type (à dépression entretenue) qui soit portable, donc de faible poids, mais conserve une grande autonomie sans apport d'énergie ou de fluide à partir d'un bateau porteur.The object of the invention is to provide a suction cup of the latter type (with maintained vacuum) which is portable, therefore of low weight, but retains a large autonomy without the addition of energy or fluid from a carrier boat.

L'invention vise donc à obtenir, tout en évitant les inconvénients cités, une fixation efficace le long d'une paroi immergée. Le point d'accrochage solide sera réalisé par une ventouse sous-marine, du type à dépression entretenue par un moyen de pompage permanent des fuites éventuelles.The invention therefore aims to obtain, while avoiding the aforementioned drawbacks, effective fixing along a submerged wall. The solid attachment point will be achieved by an underwater suction cup, of the vacuum type maintained by a means of permanent pumping of any leaks.

Selon l'invention, la ventouse est composée :

  • - d'une enceinte étanche contenant les batteries, le circuit électrique et le moteur d'entrainement;
  • - d'une cloche à dépression portant la pompe;
  • - d'un accouplement magnétique d'entrainement de la pompe par le moteur;
  • - d'au moins une jupe d'étancheité.
According to the invention, the suction cup is composed of:
  • - a sealed enclosure containing the batteries, the electrical circuit and the drive motor;
  • - a vacuum bell carrying the pump;
  • - a magnetic coupling for driving the pump by the motor;
  • - at least one sealing skirt.

Une particularité de l'invention est de comporter les batteries et le moteur 2 d'entraînement de la pompe 9 à l'intérieur d'une enceinte étanche 7 sans ouverture vers la pompe, ce qui permet d'assurer une meilleure étancheité du circuit électrique et des batteries, ceci étant permis grâce à la liaison moteur-pompe réalisée au travers de la paroi étanche de l'enceinte 7 sans ouverture de celle-ci au moyen d'un accouplement magnétique.A feature of the invention is to include the batteries and the motor 2 driving the pump 9 inside a sealed enclosure 7 without opening towards the pump, which ensures better tightness of the electrical circuit and batteries, this being permitted by virtue of the motor-pump connection produced through the sealed wall of the enclosure 7 without opening of the latter by means of a magnetic coupling.

De préférence, la jupe est réalisée en néoprène.Preferably, the skirt is made of neoprene.

Selon une première variante la jupe d'étancheité 10 est une jupe à simple paroi, interchangeable.According to a first variant, the sealing skirt 10 is a single-walled skirt, interchangeable.

Dans une application de l'invention; la jupe d'étanchéité 10 est à double paroi à profil adapté au maintien de plaques avant soudure, la paroi à profil interne 13 étant plus longue que la paroi externe 12 et les deux parois présentant chacune une variation 19 dans leur longueur sur une partie de leur circonférence, la-variation de longueur étant fonction de l'épaisseur de la plaque à souder.In an application of the invention; the sealing skirt 10 has a double wall with a profile suitable for holding plates before welding, the wall with internal profile 13 being longer than the external wall 12 and the two walls each having a variation 19 in their length over part of their circumference, the variation in length being a function of the thickness of the plate to be welded.

Dans une autre application de l'invention, la jupe d'étancheité 10 est à double paroi dont le profil est adapté au levage d'objets sphériques, la paroi interne 13 étant soit plus courte soit de même longueur que la paroi externe 12 et la jupe 10 étant interchangeable en fonction de l'importance de la variation des diamètres des différents objets sphériques à lever.In another application of the invention, the sealing skirt 10 is double-walled, the profile of which is suitable for lifting spherical objects, the internal wall 13 being either shorter or the same length as the external wall 12 and the skirt 10 being interchangeable according to the extent of the variation in the diameters of the various spherical objects to be lifted.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif autonome d'aide à la progression sous l'eau d'un plongeur le long d'une paroi malgré la présence de courants manins importants, le dispositif comportant deux ventouses selon l'invention utilisées alternativement.Another object of the invention is to provide an autonomous device for assisting the progression underwater of a diver along a wall despite the presence of large manin currents, the device comprising two suction cups according to the invention used alternately.

Dans ce cas, les ventouses peuvent comporter un moyen d'action simultané de l'arrêt du moteur et de la mise à pression ambiante de la cloche à dépression de la ventouse.In this case, the suction cups may include a means of simultaneous action of stopping the engine and putting the vacuum bell of the suction cup at ambient pressure.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de réaliser au moyen des ventouses selon l'invention un atelier sous-mann comportant une plate-forme permettant la pose de charges lourdes ou d'outillages, cet atelier sous-mamn pouvant être appliqué en un quelconque endroit sous la coque d'un navire au moyen des ventouses précitées, pour assister un plongeur effectuant des réparations sous la coque et assurant un travail off-shore.Another object of the invention is to produce by means of the suction cups according to the invention a sub-mann workshop comprising a platform allowing the laying of heavy loads or tools, this sub-man workshop can be applied in any place under the hull of a ship by means of the aforementioned suction cups, to assist a diver carrying out repairs under the hull and ensuring off-shore work.

Enfin, une autre particularité de l'invention est que la ventouse sous-marine peut comporter un dispositif de sécurité déclenchant le fonctionnement de la pompe 9 à une profondeur prédéterminée.Finally, another feature of the invention is that the underwater suction cup can include a safety device triggering the operation of the pump 9 at a predetermined depth.

L'invention sera illustrée à l'aide de la description détaillée qui suit d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessi sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 montre la ventouse en coupe longitudinale selon la première variante, c'est-à-dire munie d'une jupe en néoprène à simple paroi;
  • - la figure 2, montre la ventouse de dessus suivant F, munie de son couvercle;
  • - la figure 3 montre la ventouse de dessus suivant F, sans son couvercle;
  • - la figure 4 montre la ventouse selon la coupe A-A de la figure 1;
  • - la figure 5 montre un détail de la ventouse en coupe longitudinale selon la seconde variante, c'est-à-dire munie d'une jupe en néoprène à double paroi;
  • - la figure 6 montre une jupe à double paroi adaptée au cas particulier du levage d'objets sphériques;
  • - la figure 7 montre une jupe à double paroi à profil spécial adaptée au cas particulier de maintien d'une plaque avant soudure;
  • - la figure 8 schématise une centrale de dépression avec des ventouses séparées pour la fixation de matériels importants;
  • - la figure 9 montre un dispositif de sécurité selon la coupe C-C de la figure 2.
  • - la figure 10 représente en coupe un autre mode de réalisation de la ventouse selon l'invention de forme moins volumineuse;
  • - la figure 11 montre en coupe partielle AA de la figure 10 le détail du moyen d'actionnement simultané de l'arrêt du moteur et de la mise à pression ambiante de la cloche à dépression;
  • - la figure 12 montre l'application de telles ventouses à la progression d'un plongeur le long d'une paroi et
  • - la figure 13 montre l'application des ventouses selon l'invention a la réalisation d'ateliers sous-marins.
The invention will be illustrated with the aid of the following detailed description of an embodiment given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows the suction cup in longitudinal section according to the first variant, that is to say provided with a single wall neoprene skirt;
  • - Figure 2 shows the suction cup from above F, with its cover;
  • - Figure 3 shows the suction cup from above F, without its cover;
  • - Figure 4 shows the suction cup according to section AA of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 5 shows a detail of the suction cup in longitudinal section according to the second variant, that is to say provided with a double-walled neoprene skirt;
  • - Figure 6 shows a double wall skirt suitable for the specific case of lifting spherical objects;
  • - Figure 7 shows a double wall skirt with special profile suitable for the particular case of maintaining a plate before welding;
  • - Figure 8 shows schematically a central vacuum with separate suction cups for fixing important equipment;
  • FIG. 9 shows a safety device according to the section CC of FIG. 2.
  • - Figure 10 shows in section another embodiment of the suction cup according to the invention of less bulky shape;
  • - Figure 11 shows in partial section AA of Figure 10 the detail of the means of simultaneous actuation of the engine stop and the ambient pressure of the vacuum bell;
  • FIG. 12 shows the application of such suction cups to the progression of a plunger along a wall and
  • - Figure 13 shows the application of the suction cups according to the invention for the realization of underwater workshops.

La ventouse sous-marine, d'après la première variante, se présente selon la figure 1. L'enceinte étanche 7 de la ventouse contient la pompe 9 et le moteur 2, l'entrainement de la pompe 9 par le moteur 2 se faisant au moyen de l'accouplement magnétique 8. Le moteur est mis en route manuellement à l'aide du contacteur 4, et grâce au dispositif de sécurité 11 (voir fig.2 et 9) se déclenchant à une profondeur prédéterminée. Une fois le contacteur 4 enclenché, le moteur 2 est alimenté, soit par les batteries internes 3, soit à l'aide du connecteur d'alimentation extérieur 6. Une dépression par aspiration se crée alors dans la cloche formée par la jupe 10, la pompe 9 étant munie de l'échappement 1.The underwater suction cup, according to the first variant, is presented according to FIG. 1. The sealed enclosure 7 of the suction cup contains the pump 9 and the motor 2, the driving of the pump 9 by the motor 2 being done by means of the magnetic coupling 8. The motor is started manually using the contactor 4, and thanks to the safety device 11 (see fig. 2 and 9) triggering at a predetermined depth. Once the contactor 4 is engaged, the motor 2 is supplied, either by the internal batteries 3, or by means of the external power connector 6. A vacuum by suction is then created in the bell formed by the skirt 10, the pump 9 being provided with exhaust 1.

Cette pompe 9 se différencie des pompes à dépression par aspiration d'air de la manière suivante : elle ne fonctionne en n'aspirant que de l'eau, qui est en outre son liquide de lubrification et peut maintenir une dépression importante à l'intérieur de la cloche formée par la jupe 10, même en l'absence de débit. L'étanchsité est réalisée grâce à la jupe en néoprène 10. Un porte-jupe permet son interchangeabilité. Enfin, pour permettre une bonne maniabilité de la ventouse par les plongeurs, celle-ci est munie d'une poignée 5.This pump 9 differs from vacuum pumps by air suction in the following way: it works by only sucking water, which is also its lubricating liquid and can maintain a significant vacuum inside of the bell formed by the skirt 10, even in the absence of flow. The seal is achieved thanks to the neoprene skirt 10. A skirt holder allows its interchangeability. Finally, to allow good maneuverability of the suction cup by divers, it is provided with a handle 5.

La ventouse saus-marine d'après la seconde variante se présente selon la figure 5. La jupe est munie de deux parois 12 et 13 sensiblement de même longueur, ce qui permet d'obtenir une meilleure étancheité dans le cas où l'une des deux jupes serait mal positionnée.The suction cup marine according to the second variant is presented according to Figure 5. The skirt is provided with two walls 12 and 13 substantially the same length, which allows to obtain a better seal in the case where one of the two skirts would be badly positioned.

Selon une autre variante, la paroi 13 est plus longue que la paroi 12 (voir par exemple la partie droite de la figure 7). Ainsi le plongeur, en appliquant la ventouse contre une paroi sous-marine, ne met en contact avec cette dernière que la paroi 13. Une adhérence est alors réalisée mais il se peut que la paroi 13 ne soit pas parfaitement positionnée et que des fuites subsistent. Le plongeur ayant laché la poignée 5, peut alors positionner de manière parfaite la paroi 12, cette dernière n'ayant pas encore adhéré à la paroi sous-marine. Ce principe présente l'énorme avantage d'éviter au plongeur lors d'une adhérence imparfaite à la paroi 12, d'avoir à recommencer toute la manoeuvre, et présente une étancheité parfaite, le plongeur disposant de tout le temps nécessaire pour effectuer un positionnement parfait de la paroi 12.According to another variant, the wall 13 is longer than the wall 12 (see for example the right part of FIG. 7). Thus the plunger, by applying the suction cup against an underwater wall, only brings the wall into contact with the latter 13. Adhesion is then achieved, but the wall 13 may not be perfectly positioned and leaks remain . The plunger having released the handle 5, can then perfectly position the wall 12, the latter not having yet adhered to the underwater wall. This principle has the enormous advantage of avoiding the diver during an imperfect adhesion to the wall 12, having to start the whole maneuver again, and has perfect tightness, the diver having all the time necessary to perform positioning. wall 12.

La jupe représentée figure 7 est munie d'une paroi 13 plus longue que la paroi 12. Mais la variante de la ventouse sous-marine représentée figure 7 est en outre adaptée au maintien de plaques avant soudure. De ce fait, les deux parois, de longueur inégale, présentent chacune une variation dans leur longueur sur une partie de leur circonférence. Cette variation correspond à l'épaisseur de la plaque à souder et peut aller, tout en garantissant une étancheité parfaite, jusqu'à un maximum de 12 mm.The skirt shown in Figure 7 is provided with a wall 13 longer than the wall 12. But the variant of the underwater suction cup shown in Figure 7 is also suitable for holding plates before welding. As a result, the two walls, of unequal length, each have a variation in their length over part of their circumference. This variation corresponds to the thickness of the plate to be welded and can range, while guaranteeing perfect sealing, up to a maximum of 12 mm.

La figure 6 représente la variante d'une ventouse sous-marine adaptée au levage d'objets sphériques. Les deux parois 12 et 13 sont de longueur différente, la paroi 12 étant plus longue que la paroi 13 de manièr à ce que l'extrémité des deux parois soit disposée sur une même sphère. Ainsi, pour des objets sphériques d'un diamètre sensiblement égal, l'adhérence des deux parois sera réalisée de manière parfaite, l'extrémité des deux parois étant de plus, bisautée pour permettre une étancheité totale. Il est également possible de prévoir "' une longueur identique des deux parois 12 et 13. Ainsi selon le principe précédent, la paroi 13 adhérera en premier, permettant ainsi au plongeur de positionner parfaitement la paroi 12.Figure 6 shows the variant of an underwater suction cup suitable for lifting spherical objects. The two walls 12 and 13 are of different length, the wall 12 being longer than the wall 13 so that the end of the two walls is disposed on the same sphere. Thus, for spherical objects of substantially equal diameter, the adhesion of the two walls will be carried out in a perfect manner, the end of the two walls also being bevelled to allow total sealing. It is also possible to provide "'an identical length of the two walls 12 and 13. Thus according to the preceding principle, the wall 13 will adhere first, thus allowing the plunger to perfectly position the wall 12.

Il est également possible de procéder au levage d'objets sphériques de diamètre différent, grâce à l'interchangeabilité des jupes. Le principe de base de la ventouse sous-marine peut être adapté en fonction des besoins.It is also possible to lift spherical objects of different diameter, thanks to the interchangeability of the skirts. The basic principle of the underwater suction cup can be adapted as required.

Le dispositif représenté figure 8 comporte une pompe à dépression unique 9 reliée à l'aide de tuyaux flexibles 15 à différentes chambres à dépression munies des jupes d'étanchéité à simple ou double paroi. Les ventouses sont reliées entre elles grâce à un cadre rigide 14. Ce dispositif permet par exemple de fixer le long d'une coque sous-marine un robot de nettoyage ou d'autres mécanismes automatiques. En outre, des jupes spécifiques peuvent être adaptées à chaque cas particulier.The device shown in FIG. 8 comprises a single vacuum pump 9 connected by means of flexible pipes 15 to different vacuum chambers provided with single or double walled sealing skirts. The suction cups are connected to each other using a rigid frame 14. This device makes it possible, for example, to fix a cleaning robot or other automatic mechanisms along an underwater hull. In addition, specific skirts can be adapted to each particular case.

La figure 9 enfin, représente le dispositif de sécurité déclenchant la pompe à une certaine profondeur. Ce dispositif est composé d'une plaque à trous 16 dans lesquels l'eau établit une pression agissant sur la membrane 17. Celle-ci, en se déformant, va établir le contact à une certaine pression correspondant à une profondeur d'immersion prédéterminée, avec le relais 18 mis en série dans le circuit de commande entre le contacteur et le moteur. Ainsi le moteur sera mis en route et la pompe entrera en action.Finally, FIG. 9 shows the safety device triggering the pump at a certain depth. This device is composed of a plate with holes 16 in which the water establishes a pressure acting on the membrane 17. The latter, by deforming, will establish contact at a certain pressure corresponding to a predetermined immersion depth, with relay 18 connected in series in the control circuit between the contactor and the motor. Thus the engine will be started and the pump will come into action.

Les résultats acquis lors des essais en laboratoire et en milieu marin prouvent l'efficacité de ce dispositif. Les essais en milieu marin ont prouvé l'excellente tenue de la ventouse dynamique équipée d'une jupe double en néoprène dont le diamètre de la paroi externe est de 300 mm et le diamètre de la paroi interne est de 220 mm.The results acquired during laboratory and marine tests prove the effectiveness of this device. Tests in the marine environment have proven the excellent performance of the dynamic suction cup equipped with a double neoprene skirt, the diameter of the external wall is 300 mm and the diameter of the internal wall is 220 mm.

Après adhésion sur une paroi bétonnée brute de coffrage, la ventouse immergée à 1 m de profondeur a résisté à des tractions dans l'axe de 280 daN.After adhesion to a rough concrete formwork wall, the submerged suction cup 1 m deep resisted pulls in the axis of 280 daN.

En traction latérale, l'arrachage de la ventouse se réalise entre 50 daN et 100 daN suivant l'état de surface.In lateral traction, the suction cup is pulled out between 50 daN and 100 daN depending on the surface condition.

Les figures 10 et 11 montrent une variante de ventouse à faible encombrement qui peut être destinée à l'aide à la progression d'un plongeur le long d'une coque de bateau en présence d'un courant marin. Dans cette variante, le principe de fonctionnement est conservé mais peut être amélioré par la présence d'un mayen de commande 20 simultané de l'arrêt du pompage et de la mise à pression ambiante de la cloche à dépression 10. Le moyen de commande 20 est réalisé sous la forme d'un contacteur 22 de marche-arrêt du moteur 2, actionné par un bouton-poussoir étanche 23 agissant à l'encontre d'un ressort 24, le bouton poussoir 23 étant solidaire d'une tige 25 manoeuvrant un clapet 21 qui permet par appui sur le poussoir, de mettre en communication l'intérieur de la cloche à dépression 10 et le milieu marin au travers d'un aju tage 26.Figures 10 and 11 show a variant of space-saving suction cup which can be intended to aid the progression of a diver along a boat hull in the presence of a sea current. In this variant, the operating principle is preserved but can be improved by the presence of a control may 20 simultaneous stopping of the pumping and the ambient pressure of the vacuum bell 10. The control means 20 is produced in the form of an on / off switch 22 for the motor 2, actuated by a sealed push-button 23 acting against a spring 24, the push-button 23 being integral with a rod 25 operating a valve 21 which allows, by pressing on the pusher, to put the interior of the vacuum bell 10 into communication with the marine environment through a nozzle 26.

Dans une version allégée de cette variante, les batteries 3 d'alimentation du moteur 2 peuvent ne pas être disposées à l'intérieur de l'enceinte étanche 7 mais être placées sur les bouteilles d'air comprimé 27 du plongeur (voir figure 12), les batteries 3 étant alors reliées au moteur 2 par des cables 28.In a light version of this variant, the batteries 3 for supplying the engine 2 may not be placed inside the sealed enclosure 7 but be placed on the compressed air bottles 27 of the plunger (see FIG. 12). , the batteries 3 then being connected to the motor 2 by cables 28.

Au moyen de telles ventouses, l'invention permet la réalisation d'un moyen autonane-d'aide à la progression sous l'eau d'un plongeur le long d'une paroi contre des courants de 1 à 2 noeuds.By means of such suction cups, the invention allows the production of a self-supporting means for assisting the progression underwater of a diver along a wall against currents of 1 to 2 knots.

Ainsi pour aider sa progression, le plongeur tient dans chaque main une ventouse portant une batterie intégrée ou reliée par un cable 28 à une batterie 3 supportée par ses bouteilles d'air comprimé. Pour s'agripper à la paroi (flanc de navire, épave, quai,...) le plongeur plaque une ventouse contre la paroi en relâchant le moyen de commande 20; la pompe fonctionne alors tandis que la cloche à dépression est fermée par le clapet 21 et la ventouse se met en dépression. Pour avancer, le plongeur plaque une seconde ventouse plus loins sur la paroi et détache la première ventouse en appuyant sur le moyen de commande 20, ce qui a pour effet d'arrêter le moteur 2 et de mettre en communication laccloche 10 et la mer.Thus to help his progress, the diver holds in each hand a suction cup carrying an integrated battery or connected by a cable 28 to a battery 3 supported by its compressed air bottles. To grip the wall (ship's side, wreck, quay, ...) the plunger presses a suction cup against the wall by releasing the control means 20; the pump then operates while the vacuum bell is closed by the valve 21 and the suction cup becomes vacuum. To advance, the plunger presses a second suction cup further on the wall and detaches the first suction cup by pressing on the control means 20, which has the effect of stopping the engine 2 and putting the bell 10 and the sea into communication.

De telles ventouses permettent ainsi d'assurer des travaux sous-marins dans des courants importants, chose qui était impossible auparavant faute de points d'appui et de réaction du plongeur par rapport à la paroi.Such suction cups thus make it possible to ensure underwater work in large currents, something which was previously impossible due to the lack of support points and of reaction of the plunger relative to the wall.

Des ventouses allégées pesant moins de 3 daN réalisées selon l'invention ont ainsi permis la progression ou le travail d'un plongeur avec une autonomie de plus d'une heure dans des courants de 2 noeuds.Lightened suction cups weighing less than 3 daN made according to the invention thus made it possible for a diver to progress or work with an autonomy of more than an hour in currents of 2 knots.

Dans l'utilisation prévue à la figure 12, on réalise un atelier sous-marin au moyen d'un échafaudage à plate-forme 30 comportant des tubes 31 horizontaux et verticaux extensibles à l'extrémité desquels peuvent être disposées des ventouses 33 selon l'invention.In the use provided for in FIG. 12, an underwater workshop is produced by means of a platform scaffolding 30 comprising expandable horizontal and vertical tubes 31 at the end of which suction cups 33 can be arranged according to the invention.

Les ventouses 33 sont disposées à l'extrémité des tubes 31 horizontaux ou verticaux, selon l'inclinaison de la coque ou de la paroi sur laquelle on veut fixer l'atelier sous-marin. Pour permettre une meilleure adaptabilité de l'ensemble, les ventouses sont montées tournantes sur les bras 31 au moyen d'axes de rotation 32.The suction cups 33 are arranged at the end of the horizontal or vertical tubes 31, depending on the inclination of the hull or of the wall on which the underwater workshop is to be fixed. To allow better adaptability of the assembly, the suction cups are mounted to rotate on the arms 31 by means of rotation axes 32.

Suivant la taille des ventouses, on pourra disposer des batteries et une pompe plus ou moins importants permettant une autonomie plus ou moins grande ainsi qu'une capacité de charge plus ou moins élevée.Depending on the size of the suction cups, it will be possible to have more or less important batteries and a pump allowing a greater or less autonomy as well as a more or less high load capacity.

A titre d'exemple, à l'aide de quatre ventouses de caractéristiques déjà décrites la capacité de charge de la plate-forme 30 est sous léeau de 1000 daN avec une autonomie d'une heure.By way of example, using four suction cups of characteristics already described, the load capacity of the platform 30 is under water of 1000 daN with an autonomy of one hour.

Si l'on désire une autonomie plus importante, on pourra utiliser des batteries extérieures sur le bateau porteur auxquelles seront reliées les ventouses 33.If more autonomy is desired, external batteries can be used on the carrier boat to which the suction cups 33 will be connected.

L'atelier sous marin ainsi réalisé présente un avantage important par rapport aux réalisations antérieures qui se fixaient sous le navire à l'aide de deux sangles passées d'un bord sur l'autre. Le temps de mise en oeuvre de ces dispositifs antérieurs exigeait environ quatre heures de travail pour deux plongeurs et trois hommes du bord alors que le dispositif selon la présente invention ne nécessite plus qu'une demi-heure de travail pour 2 plongeurs et un homme de bord.The submarine workshop thus produced has an important advantage compared to previous achievements which were fixed under the ship using two straps passed from one edge to the other. The implementation time of these prior devices required approximately four hours of work for two divers and three men on board while the device according to the present invention requires only half an hour of work for 2 divers and a man of edge.

En outre, de tels ateliers permettent aux plongeurs de disposer de pinces de soudage, de paniers à électrodes ou de tous autres outillages nécessaires à leur activité sous l'eau.In addition, such workshops allow divers to have welding tongs, electrode baskets or any other tools necessary for their activity underwater.

De plus, grâce à la facilité d'utilisation des ventouses, de tels ateliers peuvent être utilisés le long de parois horizontales ou verticales ou de toute inclinaison.In addition, thanks to the ease of use of the suction cups, such workshops can be used along horizontal or vertical walls or any inclination.

Il sera cependant possible de dépasser ces valeurs en alimentant le module en 18 V continu, les essais en laboratoire étant concluants dans ce domaine.However, it will be possible to exceed these values by supplying the module with 18 V DC, laboratory tests being conclusive in this area.

Différentes applications peuvent être envisagées, notamment le placage sur une coque d'une plaque de réparation pour le pointage des soudures préliminaires avant la soudure continue, la création d'un point fixe pour l'accrochage de différents matériels pour l'exécution des travaux de réparation, l'accrochage sous une coque d'un plateau de travail, l'arrachage d'une charge par ventouse tractée par un canot rapide, le levage d'un engin explosif envasé pour éviter au plongeur de soulever manuellement cet engin ou enfin la fixation d'un canon à eau pour décrocher des charges.Different applications can be envisaged, in particular the plating on a hull of a repair plate for pointing the preliminary welds before the continuous welding, the creation of a fixed point for the attachment of different materials for the execution of the work of repair, hooking under a hull of a work platform, lifting a load by suction cup towed by a fast boat, lifting a silted explosive device to avoid the diver from manually lifting this device or finally the fixing of a water cannon to take down loads.

Claims (9)

I. - Ventouse sous-marine autonome et portable pour réaliser un point d'accrochage solide sur une paroi sous-marine, du type à dépression par aspiration entretenue par un moyen de pompage permanent des fuites éventuelles,constitué par une pompe (9) du type à turbine pouvant tourner en débit nul caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée : - d'une enceinte étanche (7) contenant les batteries (3), le circuit électrique et le moteur d'entraînement (2); - d'une cloche à dépression portant la pamge (9); - d'un accouplement magnétique d'entrainement (8) de la pompe (9) par le moteur (2) ; - d'au moins une jupe d'étancheité (10). I. - Autonomous and portable underwater suction cup to make a solid attachment point on an underwater wall, of the vacuum type maintained by a permanent pumping means of possible leaks, constituted by a pump (9) of the turbine type that can rotate at zero flow characterized in that it is composed: - a sealed enclosure (7) containing the batteries (3), the electrical circuit and the drive motor (2); - a vacuum bell carrying the pamge (9); - a magnetic drive coupling (8) of the pump (9) by the motor (2); - at least one sealing skirt (10). 2. - Ventouse sous-marine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'étanchéité est réalisée par une jupe (10) en néoprène.2. - Underwater suction cup according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the seal is produced by a skirt (10) in neoprene. 3. - Ventouse sous-marine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la jupe d'étanchéité (10) est une jupe à simple paroi, interchangeable.3. - Underwater suction cup according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sealing skirt (10) is a single wall skirt, interchangeable. 4. - Ventouse sous-marine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la jupe d'étancheité (10) est à double paroi à profil adapté au maintien de plaques avant soudure, la paroi interne (13) étant plus longue que la paroi externe et les deux parois présentant chacune une variation (19) dans leur longueur sur une partie de leur circonférence, la variation de longueur étant fonction de l'épaisseur de la plaque à souder.4. - Underwater suction cup according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sealing skirt (10) has a double wall with a profile suitable for holding plates before welding, the internal wall (13) being longer than the outer wall and the two walls each having a variation (19) in their length over part of their circumference, the variation in length being a function of the thickness of the plate to be welded. 5. - Ventouse sous-marine selon l'une quelconque des revendi- eations 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la jupe d'étanchéité (10) est à double paroi dont le profil est adapté au levage d'objets spérifiques, la paroi interne (13) étant soit plus courte soit de même longueur que la paroi externe (12) et la jupe (10) étant interchangeable en fonction de l'importance de la variation des diamètres des différents objets spériques à lever.5. - Underwater suction cup according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sealing skirt (10) is double-walled, the profile of which is adapted to the lifting of spherical objects, the wall internal (13) being either shorter or the same length as the external wall (12) and the skirt (10) being interchangeable depending on the extent of the variation in the diameters of the different spherical objects to be lifted. 6. - Ventouse sous-marine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un dispositif de sécurité déclenchant le fonctionnement de la pompe (9) à une profondeur prédéterminée.6. - Underwater suction cup according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a safety device triggering the operation of the pump (9) at a predetermined depth. 7. - Ventouse sous-marine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un moyen (20) pour actionner simultanément l'arrêt du moteur (2) et la mise à la pression ambiante de la cloche à dépression au moyen d'un clapet (21).7. - Underwater suction cup according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that it comprises a means (20) for simultaneously actuating the stopping of the engine (2) and bringing the bell to ambient pressure vacuum by means of a valve (21). 8. - Dispositif autonome d'aide à la progression sous l'eau d'un plongeur le long d'une paroi, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux ventouses selon la revendication 7, les ventouses étant tenues dans chaque main du plongeur et actionnées alternativement.8. - Autonomous device for assisting the progression underwater of a diver along a wall, characterized in that it comprises two suction cups according to claim 7, the suction cups being held in each hand of the diver and operated alternately. 9. - Atelier sous-marin caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une plate-forme (30) solidaire de bras extensibles (31) à l'extrémité de chacun desquels est montée tournante sur un axe de rotation (32) une ventouse (33) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7.9. - Submarine workshop characterized in that it comprises a platform (30) integral with extendable arms (31) at the end of each of which is rotatably mounted on an axis of rotation (32) a suction cup (33 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
EP19840401515 1983-07-20 1984-07-19 Submarine suction cup of the low pressure by suction type Expired EP0134737B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311980 1983-07-20
FR8311980A FR2549550B1 (en) 1983-07-20 1983-07-20 UNDERWATER TYPE SUCTION VACUUM SUCTION CUP

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EP0134737A1 true EP0134737A1 (en) 1985-03-20
EP0134737B1 EP0134737B1 (en) 1986-11-12

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DE (1) DE3461269D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2549550B1 (en)

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WO2021098178A1 (en) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-27 上海海事大学 Underwater lead screw slider transmission device

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ZA878084B (en) * 1986-10-28 1988-11-30 Frieder Hildebrandt John Surface and underwater handling device
FR2672650B1 (en) * 1991-02-08 1993-08-27 Devco Ingenierie DYNAMIC SUCTION CUP.

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DE866324C (en) * 1951-04-25 1953-02-09 Gottfried Dr Cremer Suction head for vacuum transport systems, especially for ceramic moldings
US2876026A (en) * 1952-11-24 1959-03-03 Mancini Luigi Suction cup device for equipment to be applied onto submersed surfaces, such as hull plates and the like
FR71519E (en) * 1957-05-07 1960-01-05 France Etat Underwater piston suction cup
FR1511752A (en) * 1966-02-18 1968-02-02 Hydronautics Anchors that can be operated to secure them by suction on submerged objects
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021098178A1 (en) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-27 上海海事大学 Underwater lead screw slider transmission device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0134737B1 (en) 1986-11-12
FR2549550A1 (en) 1985-01-25
FR2549550B1 (en) 1987-05-22
DE3461269D1 (en) 1987-01-02

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