EP0133469B1 - Electrophotographic recording materials with improved photosensitivity - Google Patents
Electrophotographic recording materials with improved photosensitivity Download PDFInfo
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- EP0133469B1 EP0133469B1 EP84107504A EP84107504A EP0133469B1 EP 0133469 B1 EP0133469 B1 EP 0133469B1 EP 84107504 A EP84107504 A EP 84107504A EP 84107504 A EP84107504 A EP 84107504A EP 0133469 B1 EP0133469 B1 EP 0133469B1
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- Prior art keywords
- recording material
- layer
- electrophotographic recording
- electrophotographic
- weight
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
- G03G5/051—Organic non-macromolecular compounds
- G03G5/0514—Organic non-macromolecular compounds not comprising cyclic groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
- G03G5/051—Organic non-macromolecular compounds
- G03G5/0517—Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more cyclic groups consisting of carbon-atoms only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0662—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic containing metal elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to electrophotographic recording materials with electrically conductive supports, charge carrier-producing compounds or sensitizers, charge carrier transporting compounds and special additives.
- Electrophotographic processes, materials required therefor and various variants for the construction of recording materials are known.
- Advantages for use in the reproduction sector are materials made of polymeric binders that can be adapted to the special requirements of the respective field of application, low molecular weight organic compounds that are soluble in the binders even in higher concentrations and are capable of transporting charge carriers of the electrical current, and compounds , in particular dyes or pigments, which generate charge carriers of the electrical current by absorption of the actinic light radiated imagewise and which can transfer them to the charge-transporting compounds with the aid of the electrical field impressed from the outside by the electrostatic surface charge.
- these charge carrier-producing compounds can be introduced as a separate layer within a composite structure (cf.
- the multilayer electrophotographic recording material described in DE-OS 2220408 consists of an electrically conductive carrier material, a first, dye-containing, about 0.005 to 2 gm thick, by exposure to actinic light charge carriers of the electric current generating layer of dark insulating organic materials with at least a charge transporting connection.
- High photosensitivity is particularly desirable in order to reduce the required process times.
- the necessary exposure time plays an important role.
- the existing systems are frequently criticized.
- the present invention was based on the task of developing electrophotographic recording materials, in particular for the production of electrophotographic printing forms, such as offset printing forms, which have improved photosensitivity, at the same time a low dark conductivity and good resolution.
- the compounds used according to the invention are known or can be prepared by known methods, for. B. according to the Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Syst. No. 39 rare earths, vol. D3, 8th edition 1981, pp. 65 ff.
- the addition of the metal 1,3-diketone complexes according to the invention greatly improves the photosensitivity and at the same time also significantly increases the maximum potential acceptance of the electrophotographic recording materials without changing the dark properties, so that an improved differentiation in relation to the photosensitivity is also achieved occurs between exposed and unexposed areas of the loaded surface.
- metal halides - such as zinc chloride, magnesium bromide, aluminum chloride - and ketones - such as acetophenone, benzophenone, benzil - can also improve the photosensitivity of certain organic photo semiconductor layers in small amounts (e.g. US 3,037,861, US 3 553 009, U.S. 3,620,723). It has also been confirmed that additions of metal halides and ketones do not produce the effects according to the invention. The effect of the metal-1,3-diketone complexes achieved according to the invention cannot be derived from the known additives for the person skilled in the art.
- the metal-1,3-diketone complexes which improve the photosensitivity and are used according to the invention can advantageously be used both in single-layer and in multi-layer recording systems applied to electroconductive supports.
- Suitable single-layer systems preferably have a layer of (a) 45 to 75 parts by weight of a binder, (b) 30 to 60, in particular 35 to 50 parts by weight of a charge carrier transporting compound, (c) optionally 5 to 25 parts by weight of another on a conductive carrier material , essentially inactive binder, (d) 0.05 to 0.8 parts by weight of a compound which generates charge carriers upon actinic exposure, in particular a suitable dye, and (e) 0.5 to 30, in particular 3 to 15% by weight, based on the binder content, one or more of the metal 1,3-diketone complexes according to the invention.
- the layers are advantageously applied from an approx.
- Suitable multilayer systems advantageously have on an electroconductive carrier material (a) a layer with compounds generating charge carriers and (b) a further layer with (b1) at least one charge carrier transporting compound, (b2) at least one organic binder and (b3) optionally further, in particular additives which improve the mechanical properties of the layer, layer (b) 0.5 to 30 and preferably 3 to 15% by weight. based on the binder content, contains one or more of the metal 1,3-diketone complexes according to the invention.
- the layer (b) advantageously contains 30 to 60 parts by weight of (b1), 45 to 75 parts by weight of (b2) and, if appropriate, 5 to 25 parts by weight of the additives (b3).
- the first layer is advantageously applied to the support material in a thickness of 0.005 to 5, in particular 0.1 to 0.9 ⁇ m from solution in a suitable solvent.
- the second layer is advantageously applied in a thickness that results in a layer thickness of 5 to 25, in particular 7 to 15 ⁇ m, after drying the composite structure.
- all conductive carrier materials can be used as electrically conductive carriers, insofar as they are suitable for the area of application.
- aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper or multi-metal plates for. B. raw or pretreated, e.g. B. roughened and / or anodized aluminum sheets, aluminum foils, polymer films with metallized Surface such as aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate films or also electrically conductive special papers.
- Carriers for printing forms advantageously have a thickness of 0.08 to approximately 0.3 mm.
- suitable organic binders for the layers depends on the intended use of the recording materials.
- their film-forming and electrical properties, their adhesive strength on the carrier material and their solubility properties play a special role.
- Particularly suitable for recording materials for the production of electrophotographic printing plates, and especially for those for offset printing are those which are soluble in basic, aqueous or alcoholic solvents. These are mainly substances with alkali solubilizing.
- binders especially those with high acid numbers, which are readily soluble in basic aqueous-alcoholic solvent systems and have an average molecular weight (weight average) of 800 to 150,000 and in particular 1,200 and 80,000.
- binders with free carboxyl groups are known to undesirably increase the dark conductivity of the electrophotographic layers and thereby lead to poor stressing results, such binders can easily be adapted to the charge transport compounds used. It has been shown that copolymers of styrene, maleic anhydride and acrylic or methacrylic acid, which have a copolymerized maleic anhydride content of 5 to 50% by weight and a copolymerized acrylic or methacrylic acid content of 5 to 35 and in particular 10 to 30% by weight. -%, have satisfactory electrophotographic layers with sufficient dark conductivity. They have excellent solubility in washing-out agents consisting of 75% by weight of water, 23% by weight of isobutanol and 2% by weight of soda, but are insoluble in offset-typical cleaning water.
- Suitable charge carrier-producing compounds or sensitizers are e.g. B. for single-layer systems, such as those used for the production of electrophotographic printing forms, dyes from the triarylmethane series, xanthene dyes and cyanine dyes. Very good results were obtained with rhodamine B (C.I. 45170), rhodamine 6 G (C.I. 45160), malachite green (C.I. 42000), methyl violet (C.I. 42535) and crystal violet (C.I. 42555). In systems applied in multiple layers, the dye or pigment is present in a separate layer which generates charge carriers.
- Azo dyes, phthalocyanines, isoindoline dyes and perylene tetracarboxylic acid derivatives are particularly effective here. Good results are achieved with perylene-3,4: 9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide derivatives, as described in DE-OS 31 10 954 and 31 10 960.
- Suitable charge carriers of the connections carrying electrical current are known to the person skilled in the art. Mention may be made of oxazole derivatives (DBP 11 20 875), oxdiazole derivatives (DBP 10 58 836), triazole derivatives (DBP 10 60 260), azomethines (US 3 041 165), pyrazoline derivatives (DBP 10 60 714) and imidazole derivatives (DBP 1106599). Benztriazole derivatives (German patent application P 32 15 968.4) and hydrazone derivatives (German patent application P 32 01 202.0) are preferred. These are usually low molecular weight compounds which are well compatible with the organic binders in the required amount. However, polymeric charge transport compounds can also be used, e.g. B. Poly (N-vinyl carbazole).
- the electrophotographic recording material according to the invention may contain conventional additives, e.g. B. leveling agents and plasticizers in the photoconductive layer or adhesion promoter between carrier and layer.
- conventional additives e.g. B. leveling agents and plasticizers in the photoconductive layer or adhesion promoter between carrier and layer.
- the electrophotographic recording materials according to the invention are distinguished by a combination of very good properties, in particular a high photoconductivity with a very low dark conductivity, so that the layers are very suitable for copying technology.
- the high sensitivity to light allows a significant reduction in the exposure time when processing in the repro camera compared to commercially available materials.
- a good resolution results from a very sharp image reproduction. Thanks to a high charge contrast, even fine halftone dots in the light tonal ranges can be reproduced well.
- the exposure of the layers leads to very low residual stresses and the images obtained during the concreting are characterized by good basic freedom in the non-image areas.
- electrophotographic offset printing forms takes place, as usual, by electrostatically charging the electrophotographic recording material using a high-voltage corona, immediately following image-wise exposure, developing the electrostatic latent charge image present using a dry or liquid toner, fixing the toner by means of a subsequent melting process and removing it the unstressed, photo-semiconducting layer by means of a suitable washout solvent.
- the printing form thus obtained can still be prepared in a known manner for offset printing, e.g. B. by hydrophilization and gumming the water-bearing surface.
- the layers are evenly charged to a surface potential of -600 volts with a DC corona of -8.5 kV at a distance of 1 cm and then exposed to the white light of a high-pressure xenon lamp with an illuminance of 10 ⁇ W ⁇ cm ⁇ 2 in the layer plane.
- the photo-induced potential drop during the exposure is tracked over time until the surface potential has fallen below 5% of the originally present value. Then the time is determined which elapses before the surface potential drops by half, corrected by the amount of the dark drop.
- the half-value photosensitivity as the product of half-life and illuminance in the plate plane is given in ⁇ J ⁇ cm- 2 .
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, but instead of the tris (dipivalomethanato) -Europium the same amount of pure dipivalomethane (C 11 H 20 O 2 ) is used.
- the half-value photosensitivity is 29.5 ⁇ J ⁇ cm- 2 .
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, but the tris (dipivalomethanato) europium is replaced by tris [1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyloctandionato- (4,6)] holmium Ho (FOD) 3 (C 30 H 3 () F 21 H 0 O 6 ), example 2) or tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium Pr (DPM) 3 (C 33 H 57 PrO 6 ) example 3).
- the half-value photosensitivities are 21.6 ( ⁇ j ⁇ cm-2 and 16.5 ⁇ J ⁇ cm-2.
- this printing plate After a charge, this printing plate is exposed in a camera for 12 seconds using a high-voltage corona. It is then developed with a powder toner that is burned-in at 160 ° C and resistant to abrasion.
- the unconcrete layer is washed off with a mixture of 0.5% soda, 25% isopropanol and 74.5% water, which exposes the aluminum surface.
- the solutions are spread over the layer with a cotton ball. The differentiation into hydrophilic and oleophilic areas desired in offset printing is obtained, the carrier surface providing the hydrophilic areas.
- the printing plate After the treatment with the alkaline liquid, the printing plate is rinsed with water and the hydrophilicity of the support surface is further increased by wiping with dilute phosphoric acid solution. After inking with bold ink, it is used to print in a known manner in offset printing machines.
- a layer of 60 parts of a chlorinated perylene-3,4: 9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide bisbenzimidazole with a chlorine content of about 38% and 50 parts of a commercially available copolymer of vinyl chloride is placed on a polyethylene terephthalate film with a vapor-deposited, conductive aluminum layer in a thickness of approximately 300 ⁇ , Acrylic acid and a maleic acid diester applied in a thickness of about 0.55 microns as a charge carrier generating layer.
- a charge transport layer consisting of 45 parts of a commercially available polycarbonate binder with a melting range of 220 to 230 ° C., 10 parts of a polyester with an acid number of approximately 40 and a molecular weight of approximately 4500, 40 is made from a solution in ethyl acetate onto this layer which generates charge carriers Parts of p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone and 4 parts of tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium are applied in such a way that after drying off the solvent and drying for 30 minutes at 80 ° C., a dry layer thickness of 12 wm results.
- a half-value photosensitivity of 2.35 ⁇ J ⁇ cm- 2 is determined on this layer.
- the same layer without tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium has a half-value photosensitivity of about 4.8 ⁇ J ⁇ c m -2 .
- Example 7 If the layer of Example 7 is used as a copy film in a commercially available copier with dry toner, copies of good quality and in large numbers can be produced with it.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft elektrophotographische Aufzeichnungsmaterialien mit elektrisch leitenden Trägern, Ladungsträger erzeugenden Verbindungen bzw. Sensibilisatoren, Ladungsträger transportierenden Verbindungen und speziellen Zusätzen.The invention relates to electrophotographic recording materials with electrically conductive supports, charge carrier-producing compounds or sensitizers, charge carrier transporting compounds and special additives.
Elektrophotographische Verfahren, dafür benötigte Materialien und verschiedene Varianten für den Aufbau von Aufzeichnungsmaterialien sind bekannt. Vorteilhaft für den Einsatz im Reproduktionssektor sind Materialien aus polymeren Bindemitteln, die an spezielle Anforderungen des jeweiligen Einsatzgebietes angepaßt werden können, niedermolekularen organischen Verbindungen, die in den Bindemitteln auch in höheren Konzentrationen löslich und zu einem Transport von Ladungsträgern des elektrischen Stromes befähigt sind, sowie Verbindungen, insbesondere Farbstoffe oder Pigmente, die durch Absorption des bildmäßig eingestrahlten, aktinischen Lichts Ladungsträger des elektrischen Stromes erzeugen und diese unter Mithilfe des von außen durch die elektrostatische Oberflächenladung aufgeprägten elektrischen Feldes auf die Ladung transportierenden Verbindungen übertragen können. Diese Ladungsträger erzeugenden Verbindungen können je nach Einsatzgebiet des Aufzeichnungsmaterials als eigene Schicht innerhalb einer Kompositstruktur eingebracht werden (vgl. DE-OS 22 20 408) oder in Form monodispers gelöster Farbstoffmoleküle in der Mischung aus Bindemittel und Ladungsträger transportierende Verbindungen vorhanden sein (vgl. DE-PS 1 058836). Das in der DE-OS 2220408 beschriebene mehrlagige elektrophotographische Aufzeichnungsmaterial besteht aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Trägermaterial, einer ersten, Farbstoff enthaltenden, etwa 0,005 bis 2gm dicken, durch Belichtung mit aktinischem Licht Ladungsträger des elektrischen Stromes erzeugenden Schicht aus im Dunkeln isolierenden, organischen Materialien mit mindestens einer Ladungen transportierenden Verbindung.Electrophotographic processes, materials required therefor and various variants for the construction of recording materials are known. Advantages for use in the reproduction sector are materials made of polymeric binders that can be adapted to the special requirements of the respective field of application, low molecular weight organic compounds that are soluble in the binders even in higher concentrations and are capable of transporting charge carriers of the electrical current, and compounds , in particular dyes or pigments, which generate charge carriers of the electrical current by absorption of the actinic light radiated imagewise and which can transfer them to the charge-transporting compounds with the aid of the electrical field impressed from the outside by the electrostatic surface charge. Depending on the field of application of the recording material, these charge carrier-producing compounds can be introduced as a separate layer within a composite structure (cf. DE-OS 22 20 408) or in the form of monodisperse dissolved dye molecules in the mixture of binder and charge carrier-carrying compounds (cf. PS 1 058836). The multilayer electrophotographic recording material described in DE-OS 2220408 consists of an electrically conductive carrier material, a first, dye-containing, about 0.005 to 2 gm thick, by exposure to actinic light charge carriers of the electric current generating layer of dark insulating organic materials with at least a charge transporting connection.
Es ist auch bekannt, photohalbleitende organische Verbindungen zur Herstellung von elektrophotographischen Druckformen und insbesondere elektrophotographischen Offsetdruckformen zu verwenden (vgl. DE-PS 1 117 391 und 1 120 875, DE-AS 15 22 497 und 2726116).It is also known to use photoconductive organic compounds for the production of electrophotographic printing forms and in particular electrophotographic offset printing forms (cf. DE-PS 1 117 391 and 1 120 875, DE-AS 15 22 497 and 2726116).
Die gestiegenen Anforderungen an Reproduktionssysteme verlangen eine Vielfalt von Aufzeichnungsmaterialien und -systemen, um für spezielle Probleme optimale Lösungen aussuchen zu können. Gewünscht sind eine gute Auflösung und eine gute Betonerung. Die oft beanstandete ungenügende Betonerung, die auf eine ungünstige Feldstärkedifferenzierung zwischen belichteten und unbelichteten Flächen hinweist, ist hierbei oft auf eine zu hohe Dunkelleitfähigkeit des Aufzeichnungsmaterials im beladenen Zustand zurückzuführen, so daß eine ungenügende Oberflächenladungsdichte vor der aktinischen bildmäßigen Belichtung vorliegt.The increased demands on reproduction systems require a variety of recording materials and systems in order to be able to find optimal solutions for special problems. Good resolution and good emphasis are desired. The often criticized inadequate emphasis, which indicates an unfavorable field strength differentiation between exposed and unexposed areas, is often due to an excessive dark conductivity of the recording material in the loaded state, so that there is an insufficient surface charge density before the actinic imagewise exposure.
Ganz besonders erwünscht ist eine hohe Photoempfindlichkeit, um die erforderlichen Prozeßzeiten zu verringern. Insbesondere bei der Herstellung von elektrophotographischen Offsetdruckplatten spielt die notwendige Belichtungszeit eine wichtige Rolle. Hier werden aber die bestehenden Systeme häufig kritisiert.High photosensitivity is particularly desirable in order to reduce the required process times. In the production of electrophotographic offset printing plates in particular, the necessary exposure time plays an important role. Here, however, the existing systems are frequently criticized.
Der vorliegenden Erfingung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, elektrophotographische Aufzeichnungsmaterialien insbesondere für die Herstellung von elektrophotographischen Druckformen, wie Offsetdruckformen, zu entwickeln, die eine verbesserte Photoempfindlicheit, gleichzeitig ein geringes Dunkelleitvermögen und eine gute Auflösung aufweisen.The present invention was based on the task of developing electrophotographic recording materials, in particular for the production of electrophotographic printing forms, such as offset printing forms, which have improved photosensitivity, at the same time a low dark conductivity and good resolution.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß man so verbesserte elektrophotographische Aufzeichnungsmaterialien mit elektrisch leitenden Trägern, Ladungsträger erzeugenden Verbindungen bzw. Sensibilisatoren, Ladungsträger transportierenden Verbindungen Bindemitteln und Zusätzen erhält, wenn sie als Zusätze 0,5 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise aber 3 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Bindemittelanteil in der Ladungsträger transportierende Verbindungen enthaltenden Schicht, eines Metall-1,3-Diketon-Komplexes der Formel (I)
- R' und R2 einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten Alkylrest,
- R3 Wasserstoff oder einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten Alkylrest,
- M ein Element der Ordnungszahl 21 (Scandium), 39 (Yttrium) oder 57 bis 71 und
- n die Zahl 3 oder, falls M = Cerium (O.Z. 58) ist, auch die Zahl 4 bedeuten.
- R 'and R 2 are a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical,
- R 3 is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical,
- M is an element of atomic number 21 (scandium), 39 (yttrium) or 57 to 71 and
- n is the number 3 or, if M = cerium (OZ 58), the number 4.
Bevorzugt sind solche Verbindungen der Formel (I), in der R' und R2, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, Isopropyl-, tert.-Butyl-, Trifluormethyl- oder Heptafluorpropylrest darstellen,
- R3 Wasserstoff ist,
- M die Elemente Lanthan, Cerium, Praseodym, Neodym, Europium, Dysprosium, Holmium oder Ytterbium, und
- n die Zahl 3 bedeuten.
- R 3 is hydrogen,
- M the elements lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, europium, dysprosium, holmium or ytterbium, and
- n is the number 3.
Besonders bevorzugt sind solche Verbindungen der Formel (I), in der R' und R2, die gleich oder verschieden sein können, einen Methyl-, Heptafluorpropyl- oder tert. Butylrest,
- R3 Wasserstoff,
- M die Elemente Praseodym, Europium oder Holmium und
- N die Zahl 3 bedeuten.
- R 3 is hydrogen,
- M the elements praseodymium, europium or holmium and
- N is the number 3.
Als 1,3-Diketone, die mit den Metallen Komplexe der Formel (I) bilden können, seien folgende Verbindungen genannt :
- 2,4-Pentandion, 1,1,1-Trifluor-2,4-pentadion, 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluor-2,4-pentandion, 2,4-Hexandion, 5-Methyl-2,4-Hexandion, 5,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexandion, 1,1,1-Trifluor-2,4-hexandion, 1,1,1-Trifluor-5-methyl-2,4-hexandion, 1,1,1-Trifluor-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexandion, 1,1,1,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Decafluor-2,4-heptandion, 3,5-Heptandion, 2,2,6-Trimethyl-3,5-heptandion, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptandion (Dipivalomethan), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluor-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octandion, 2,4-Decandion oder 2,4-Heneicosandion. Von diesen sind 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptandion (Dipivalomethan) oder 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluor-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octandion ganz besonders bevorzugt.
- 2,4-pentanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentadione, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione, 2,4-hexanedione, 5-methyl 2,4-hexanedione, 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-hexanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-5-methyl-2,4-hexanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione, 1,1,1,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-decafluoro-2,4-heptanedione, 3, 5-heptanedione, 2,2,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (dipivalomethane), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3 -Heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octanedione, 2,4-decanedione or 2,4-heneicosanedione. Of these, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (dipivalomethane) or 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octanedione are whole particularly preferred.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Verbindungen sind bekannt bzw. können nach bekannten Methoden hergestellt werden, z. B. nach den in Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Syst. Nr. 39 Seltene Erden, Bd. D3, 8. Auflage 1981, S. 65 ff. angegebenen Methoden.The compounds used according to the invention are known or can be prepared by known methods, for. B. according to the Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Syst. No. 39 rare earths, vol. D3, 8th edition 1981, pp. 65 ff.
Ganz besonders überraschend ist, daß der erfindungsgemäße Zusatz der Metall-1,3-Diketon-Komplexe die Photoempfindlichkeit stark verbessert und gleichzeitig auch die maximale Potentialakzeptanz der elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien deutlich erhöht, ohne die Dunkeleigenschaften zu verändern, so daß auch gleichzeitig zur Photoempfindlichkeit eine verbesserte Differenzierung zwischen belichteten und unbelichteten Flächen der beladenen Oberfläche auftritt.It is particularly surprising that the addition of the metal 1,3-diketone complexes according to the invention greatly improves the photosensitivity and at the same time also significantly increases the maximum potential acceptance of the electrophotographic recording materials without changing the dark properties, so that an improved differentiation in relation to the photosensitivity is also achieved occurs between exposed and unexposed areas of the loaded surface.
Es ist dem Fachmann bekannt, daß Metallhalogenide - wie Zinkchlorid,, Magnesiumbromid, Aluminiumchlorid - und Ketone - wie Acetophenon, Benzophenon, Benzil - auch in geringen Mengen die Photoempfindlichkeit gewisser organischer Photohalbleiterschichten verbessern können (z. B. US 3 037 861, US 3 553 009, US 3 620 723). Es hat sich auch bestätigt, daß Zusätze von Metallhalogeniden und Ketonen nicht die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkungen erbringen. Der erfindungsgemäß erzielte Effekt der Metall-1,3-Diketon-Komplexe ist aus den bekannten Zusätzen für den Fachmann nicht ableitbar.It is known to the person skilled in the art that metal halides - such as zinc chloride, magnesium bromide, aluminum chloride - and ketones - such as acetophenone, benzophenone, benzil - can also improve the photosensitivity of certain organic photo semiconductor layers in small amounts (e.g. US 3,037,861, US 3 553 009, U.S. 3,620,723). It has also been confirmed that additions of metal halides and ketones do not produce the effects according to the invention. The effect of the metal-1,3-diketone complexes achieved according to the invention cannot be derived from the known additives for the person skilled in the art.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten, die Photoempfindlichkeit verbessernden Metall-1,3-Diketon-Komplexe können mit Vorteil sowohl in einschichtig als auch in mehrschichtig auf elektroleitfähige Träger aufgebrachten Aufzeichnungssystemen verwendet werden.The metal-1,3-diketone complexes which improve the photosensitivity and are used according to the invention can advantageously be used both in single-layer and in multi-layer recording systems applied to electroconductive supports.
Geeignete einschichtige Systeme weisen bevorzugt auf einem leitfähigen Trägermaterial eine Schicht aus (a) 45 bis 75 Gewichtsteilen eines Bindemittels, (b) 30 bis 60, insbesondere 35 bis 50 Gewichtsteilen einer Ladungsträger transportierenden Verbindungen, (c) ggf. 5 bis 25 Gewichtsteilen eines weiteren, im wesentlichen inaktiven Bindemittels, (d) 0,05 bis 0,8 Gewichtsteilen einer bei aktinischer Belichtung Ladungsträger erzeugenden Verbindung, insbesondere eines geeigneten Farbstoffs und (e) 0,5 bis 30, insbesondere 3 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Bindemitelanteil, eines oder mehrerer der erfindungsgemäßen Metall-1,3-Diketon-Komplexe auf. Die Schichten werden mit Vorteil aus einer ca. 5 gew.%igen Lösung in einem geeigneten organischen Lösungsmittel auf das gereinigte leitfähige Trägermaterial so aufgebracht, daß nach dem Ablüften des Lösungsmittels eine Trockenschichtdicke von ca. 0,8 bis 40 µm (je nach Verwendungszweck, bei elektrophotographischen Druckformen insbesondere 0,8 bis 6 µm) resultiert.Suitable single-layer systems preferably have a layer of (a) 45 to 75 parts by weight of a binder, (b) 30 to 60, in particular 35 to 50 parts by weight of a charge carrier transporting compound, (c) optionally 5 to 25 parts by weight of another on a conductive carrier material , essentially inactive binder, (d) 0.05 to 0.8 parts by weight of a compound which generates charge carriers upon actinic exposure, in particular a suitable dye, and (e) 0.5 to 30, in particular 3 to 15% by weight, based on the binder content, one or more of the metal 1,3-diketone complexes according to the invention. The layers are advantageously applied from an approx. 5% by weight solution in a suitable organic solvent to the cleaned conductive carrier material in such a way that after the solvent has been flashed off, a dry layer thickness of approx. 0.8 to 40 µm (depending on the intended use, in electrophotographic printing forms, in particular 0.8 to 6 μm) results.
Geeignete Mehrschichtsysteme haben mit Vorteil auf einem elektroleitfähigen Trägermaterial (a) eine Schicht mit Ladungsträger erzeugenden Verbindungen und (b) eine weitere Schicht mit (b1) mindestens einer Ladungsträger transportierenden Verbindung, (b2) mindestens einem organischen Bindemittel und (b3) ggf. weiteren, insbesondere die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schicht verbessernden Zusätzen, wobei die Schicht (b) 0,5 bis 30 und bevorzugt 3 bis 15 Gew.-%. bezogen auf den Bindemittelanteil, eines oder mehrere der erfindungsgemäßen Metall-1,3-Diketon-Komplexe enthält. Mit Vorteil enthält die Schicht (b) 30 bis 60 Gewichtsteile von (b1), 45 bis 75 Gewichtsteile von (b2) und ggf. 5 bis 25 Gewichtsteile der Zusätze (b3).Suitable multilayer systems advantageously have on an electroconductive carrier material (a) a layer with compounds generating charge carriers and (b) a further layer with (b1) at least one charge carrier transporting compound, (b2) at least one organic binder and (b3) optionally further, in particular additives which improve the mechanical properties of the layer, layer (b) 0.5 to 30 and preferably 3 to 15% by weight. based on the binder content, contains one or more of the metal 1,3-diketone complexes according to the invention. The layer (b) advantageously contains 30 to 60 parts by weight of (b1), 45 to 75 parts by weight of (b2) and, if appropriate, 5 to 25 parts by weight of the additives (b3).
Die erste Schicht wird vorteilhaft in einer Dicke von 0,005 bis 5, insbesondere 0,1 bis 0,9 µm aus Lösung in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel auf das Trägermaterial aufgetragen. Nach dem Auftrag erfolgt mit Vorteil der Auftrag der zweiten Schicht in einer Dicke, daß nach dem Trocknen der Kompositstruktur eine Schichtdicke von 5 bis 25, insbesondere 7 bis 15 µm resultiert.The first layer is advantageously applied to the support material in a thickness of 0.005 to 5, in particular 0.1 to 0.9 μm from solution in a suitable solvent. After the application, the second layer is advantageously applied in a thickness that results in a layer thickness of 5 to 25, in particular 7 to 15 μm, after drying the composite structure.
Als elektrisch leitende Träger sind prinzipiell alle leitfähigen Trägermaterialien verwendbar, soweit sie für das Einsatzgebiet geeignet sind. Bevorzugt sind je nach Einsatzgebiet der Aufzeichnungsmaterialien Aluminium-, Zink-, Magnesium-, Kupfer- oder Mehrmetallplatten, z. B. rohe oder vorbehandelte, z. B. aufgerauhte und/oder anodisierte Aluminiumbleche, Aluminiumfolien, Polymerfilme mit metallisierter Oberfläche wie aluminiumbedampfte Polyethylenterephthalatfilme oder auch elektrisch leitende Spezialpapiere. Träger für Druckformen haben vorteilhaft eine Dicke von 0,08 bis ca. 0,3 mm.In principle, all conductive carrier materials can be used as electrically conductive carriers, insofar as they are suitable for the area of application. Depending on the field of application of the recording materials, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper or multi-metal plates, for. B. raw or pretreated, e.g. B. roughened and / or anodized aluminum sheets, aluminum foils, polymer films with metallized Surface such as aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate films or also electrically conductive special papers. Carriers for printing forms advantageously have a thickness of 0.08 to approximately 0.3 mm.
Die Art der geeigneten organischen Bindemittel für die Schichten richtet sich nach dem beabsichtigten Verwendungszweck der Aufzeichnungsmaterialien. Für den Kopiersektor eignen sich z. B. Celluloseether, Polyesterharze, Polyvinylchloride, Polycarbonate, Copolymere, wie Styrol-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymere oder Vinylchlorid-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymere oder Mischungen solcher Bindemittel. Bei ihrer Auswahl spielen ihre filmbildenden und elektrischen Eigenschaften, ihre Haftfestigkeit auf dem Trägermaterial und ihre Löslichkeitseigenschaften eine besondere Rolle. Insbesondere bei Aufzeichnungsmaterialien für die Herstellung elektrophotographischer Druckplatten, und besonders bei denen für den Offsetdruck, sind solche besonders geeignet, die in basischen, wäßrigen oder alkoholischen Lösungsmitteln löslich sind. Dies sind vor allem Substanzen mit alkalilöslich machenden. Gruppen wie Anhydrid-, Carboxyl-, Sulfonsäure-, Phenol- oder Sulfonimid-Gruppierungen. Bevorzugt sind Bindemittel, insbesondere solche mit hohen Säurezahlen, die in basischen wäßrigalkoholischen Lösungsmittelsystemen leicht löslich sind und ein mittleres Molekulargewicht (Gewichtsmittel), von 800 bis 150000 und insbesondere 1 200 und 80000 aufweisen. Geeignet sind z. B. Copolymerisate aus Methacrylsäure und Methacrylsäureestern, besonders Copolymerisate aus Styrol und Maleinsäureanhydrid und aus Styrol, Methacrylsäure und Methacrylsäureester, soweit sie die vorstehende Löslichkeitsbedingung aufweisen. Obwohl bekanntermaßen Bindemittel mit freien Carboxylgruppen die Dunkelleitfähigkeit der elektrophotographischen Schichten in unerwünschter Weise erhöhen und dadurch zu schlechten Betonerungsergebnissen führen, lassen sich solche Bindemittel leicht an die verwendeten Ladungstransportverbindungen anpassen. So hat sich gezeigt, daß Copolymerisate aus Styrol, Maleinsäureanhydrid und Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure, die einen Anteil von einpolymerisiertem Maleinsäureanhydrid von 5 bis 50 Gew.-% und einen Anteil von einpolymerisierter Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure von 5 bis 35 und insbesondere 10 bis 30Gew.-% aufweisen, befriedigende elektrophotographische Schichten mit hinreichender Dunkelleitfähigkeit ergeben. Sie weisen eine hervorragende Löslichkeit in Auswaschmitteln aus 75 Gew.-% Wasser, 23 Gew.-% Isobutanol und 2 Gew.-% Soda auf, sind aber in offsettypischem Wischwasser unlöslich.The type of suitable organic binders for the layers depends on the intended use of the recording materials. For the copy sector, z. B. cellulose ethers, polyester resins, polyvinyl chlorides, polycarbonates, copolymers such as styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers or vinyl chloride-maleic anhydride copolymers or mixtures of such binders. In their selection, their film-forming and electrical properties, their adhesive strength on the carrier material and their solubility properties play a special role. Particularly suitable for recording materials for the production of electrophotographic printing plates, and especially for those for offset printing, are those which are soluble in basic, aqueous or alcoholic solvents. These are mainly substances with alkali solubilizing. Groups such as anhydride, carboxyl, sulfonic acid, phenol or sulfonimide groups. Preference is given to binders, especially those with high acid numbers, which are readily soluble in basic aqueous-alcoholic solvent systems and have an average molecular weight (weight average) of 800 to 150,000 and in particular 1,200 and 80,000. Are suitable for. B. copolymers of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters, especially copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride and of styrene, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters, insofar as they have the above solubility condition. Although binders with free carboxyl groups are known to undesirably increase the dark conductivity of the electrophotographic layers and thereby lead to poor stressing results, such binders can easily be adapted to the charge transport compounds used. It has been shown that copolymers of styrene, maleic anhydride and acrylic or methacrylic acid, which have a copolymerized maleic anhydride content of 5 to 50% by weight and a copolymerized acrylic or methacrylic acid content of 5 to 35 and in particular 10 to 30% by weight. -%, have satisfactory electrophotographic layers with sufficient dark conductivity. They have excellent solubility in washing-out agents consisting of 75% by weight of water, 23% by weight of isobutanol and 2% by weight of soda, but are insoluble in offset-typical cleaning water.
Geeignete Ladungsträger erzeugende Verbindungen bzw. Sensibilisatoren sind z. B. für einschichtig aufgetragene Systeme, wie sie auch zur Herstellung elektrophotographischer Druckformen dienen, Farbstoffe aus der Triarylmethanreihe, Xanthenfarbstoffe und Cyaninfarbstoffe. Sehr gute Ergebnisse wurden mit Rhodamin B (C.I. 45170), Rhodamin 6 G (C.I. 45160), Malachitgrün (C.I. 42000), Methylviolett (C.I. 42535) und Kristallviolett (C.I. 42555) erhalten. Bei mehrschichtig aufgetragenen Systemen liegt der Farbstoff oder das Pigment in einer separaten Ladungsträger erzeugenden Schicht vor. Hier sind Azofarbstoffe, Phthalocyanine, Isoindolinfarbstoffe und Perylentetracarbonsäurederivate besonders wirksam. Gute Ergebnisse werden mit Perylen-3,4 : 9,10-tetracarbonsäurediimidderivaten erzielt, wie sie in den DE-OS 31 10 954 und 31 10 960 beschrieben sind.Suitable charge carrier-producing compounds or sensitizers are e.g. B. for single-layer systems, such as those used for the production of electrophotographic printing forms, dyes from the triarylmethane series, xanthene dyes and cyanine dyes. Very good results were obtained with rhodamine B (C.I. 45170), rhodamine 6 G (C.I. 45160), malachite green (C.I. 42000), methyl violet (C.I. 42535) and crystal violet (C.I. 42555). In systems applied in multiple layers, the dye or pigment is present in a separate layer which generates charge carriers. Azo dyes, phthalocyanines, isoindoline dyes and perylene tetracarboxylic acid derivatives are particularly effective here. Good results are achieved with perylene-3,4: 9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide derivatives, as described in DE-OS 31 10 954 and 31 10 960.
Geeignete Ladungsträger der elektrischen Stromes transportierende Verbindungen sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Erwähnt seien Oxazolderivate (DBP 11 20 875), Oxdiazolderivate (DBP 10 58 836), Triazolderivate (DBP 10 60 260), Azomethine (US 3 041 165), Pyrazolinderivate (DBP 10 60 714) und Imidazolderivate (DBP 1106599). Bevorzugt sind Benztriazolderivate (deutsche Patentanmeldung P 32 15 968.4) und Hydrazonderivate (deutsche Patentanmeldung P 32 01 202.0). Es handelt sich meist um niedermolekulare, mit den organischen Bindemitteln in der erforderlichen Menge gut verträgliche Verbindungen. Es sind aber auch polymere Ladungstransportverbindungen einsetzbar, z. B. Poly(N-vinylcarbazol).Suitable charge carriers of the connections carrying electrical current are known to the person skilled in the art. Mention may be made of oxazole derivatives (DBP 11 20 875), oxdiazole derivatives (DBP 10 58 836), triazole derivatives (DBP 10 60 260), azomethines (US 3 041 165), pyrazoline derivatives (DBP 10 60 714) and imidazole derivatives (DBP 1106599). Benztriazole derivatives (German patent application P 32 15 968.4) and hydrazone derivatives (German patent application P 32 01 202.0) are preferred. These are usually low molecular weight compounds which are well compatible with the organic binders in the required amount. However, polymeric charge transport compounds can also be used, e.g. B. Poly (N-vinyl carbazole).
Für die jeweilige Verwendung kann das erfindungsgemäße elektrophotographische Aufzeichnungsmaterial übliche Zusätze enthalten, z. B. Verlaufmittel und Weichmacher in der photoleitfähigen Schicht oder Haftvermittler zwischen Träger und Schicht.For the respective use, the electrophotographic recording material according to the invention may contain conventional additives, e.g. B. leveling agents and plasticizers in the photoconductive layer or adhesion promoter between carrier and layer.
Die erfindungsgemäßen elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien zeichnen sich durch eine Kombination sehr guter Eigenschaften, insbesondere einer hohen Photoleitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig sehr niedriger Dunkelleitfähigkeit aus, so daß die Schichten für die Kopiertechnik sehr geeignet sind.The electrophotographic recording materials according to the invention are distinguished by a combination of very good properties, in particular a high photoconductivity with a very low dark conductivity, so that the layers are very suitable for copying technology.
Deutliche Vorteile weisen sie bei der Verwendung für die Herstellung von elektrophotographischen Druckformen auf und genügen hierbei hohen Ansprüchen im Hinblick auf das Auflösungsvermögen und die Druckauflage. Die hohe Lichtempfindlichkeit erlaubt eine starke Senkung der Belichtungszeit bei der Verarbeitung in der Reprokamera gegenüber handelsüblichen Materialien. Aus einer sehr randscharfen Bildwiedergabe resultiert eine gute Auflösung. Durch einen hohen Ladungskontrast können auch feine Rasterpunkte in den lichten Tonwertbereichen gut wiedergegeben werden. Ferner führt die Belichtung der Schichten zur sehr geringen Restspannungen und die bei der Betonerung erhaltenen Bilder zeichnen sich durch gute Grundfreiheit in den Nichtbildbereichen aus.They have clear advantages when used for the production of electrophotographic printing forms and meet high demands with regard to the resolution and the print run. The high sensitivity to light allows a significant reduction in the exposure time when processing in the repro camera compared to commercially available materials. A good resolution results from a very sharp image reproduction. Thanks to a high charge contrast, even fine halftone dots in the light tonal ranges can be reproduced well. Furthermore, the exposure of the layers leads to very low residual stresses and the images obtained during the concreting are characterized by good basic freedom in the non-image areas.
Die Herstellung elektrophotographischer Offsetdruckformen erfolgt wie üblich durch eine elektrostatische Aufladung des elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterials mittels einer Hochspannungscorona, eine direkt nachfolgende bildmäßige Belichtung, die Entwicklung des vorliegenden elektrostatischen, latenten Ladungsbildes mittels eines Trocken- oder Flüssigtoners, die Fixierung des Toners durch einen nachgeschalteten Schmelzvorgang und die Entfernung der unbetonerten, photohalbleitenden Schicht mittels eines geeigneten Auswaschlösemittels. Die so erhaltene Druckform kann in bekannter Weise für den Offsetdruck noch vorbereitet werden, z. B. durch eine Hydrophilierung und Gummierung der wasserführenden Oberfläche.The production of electrophotographic offset printing forms takes place, as usual, by electrostatically charging the electrophotographic recording material using a high-voltage corona, immediately following image-wise exposure, developing the electrostatic latent charge image present using a dry or liquid toner, fixing the toner by means of a subsequent melting process and removing it the unstressed, photo-semiconducting layer by means of a suitable washout solvent. The printing form thus obtained can still be prepared in a known manner for offset printing, e.g. B. by hydrophilization and gumming the water-bearing surface.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Erfindung zusätzlich erläutern. Die genannten Teile und Prozente beziehen sich auf das Gewicht.The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention. The parts and percentages given relate to the weight.
Die Schichten werden mit einer Gleichspannungscorona von -8,5 kV in 1 cm Abstand gleichmäßig auf ein Oberflächenpotential von -600 Volt aufgeladen und dann mit dem weißen Licht einer Xenonhochdrucklampe mit einer Beleuchtungsstärke von 10 µW · cm―2 in der Schichtebene belichtet. Der photoinduzierte Potentialabfall während der Belichtung wird zeitlich solange verfolgt, bis das Oberflächenpotential auf unter 5 % des ursprünglich vorhandenen Wertes gefallen ist. Dann wird die Zeit ermittelt, die bis zum Abfall des Oberflächenpotentials um die Hälfte, berichtigt um den Betrag des Dunkelabfalls, verstreicht. Die Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit als Produkt aus Halbwertszeit und Beleuchtungsstärke in Plattenebene wird in µJ · cm-2 angegeben. Weiterhin werden gegebenenfalls nach der xerographischen Methode die maximale Potentialakzeptanz in Volt, die Zeit bis zur Aufladung der Aufzeichnungsmaterialien auf―500 Volt bei einer Coronaspannung von -8,5 kV in 10 mm Abstand, der Potentialabfall im Dunkeln in 20 Sekunden und der gesamte photoinduzierte Potentialabfall in % bei einer eingestrahlten Energie von 1 mJ . cm-2 ermittelt.The layers are evenly charged to a surface potential of -600 volts with a DC corona of -8.5 kV at a distance of 1 cm and then exposed to the white light of a high-pressure xenon lamp with an illuminance of 10 μW · cm ―2 in the layer plane. The photo-induced potential drop during the exposure is tracked over time until the surface potential has fallen below 5% of the originally present value. Then the time is determined which elapses before the surface potential drops by half, corrected by the amount of the dark drop. The half-value photosensitivity as the product of half-life and illuminance in the plate plane is given in µJ · cm- 2 . Furthermore, according to the xerographic method, the maximum potential acceptance in volts, the time until the recording materials are charged to ― 500 volts with a corona voltage of -8.5 kV at a distance of 10 mm, the potential drop in the dark in 20 seconds and the total photo-induced potential drop in% with an irradiated energy of 1 mJ. cm- 2 determined.
55 Teile eines Copolymerisats aus 70% Styrol, 6 % Maleinsäureanhydrid und 24% Acrylsäure mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren, jedoch wird der Zusatz des Tris(dipivalomethanato)-europium unterlassen. Es wird eine Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit von 35,4 µJ · cm-2 gemessen.The procedure is as in Example 1, but the addition of tris (dipivalomethanato) -Europium is omitted. A half-value photosensitivity of 35.4 µJ · cm- 2 is measured.
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren, jedoch wird anstelle des Tris(dipivalomethanato)-europium die gleiche Menge an reinem Dipivalomethan (C11H20O2) eingesetzt. Die Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit beträgt 29,5 µJ · cm-2.The procedure is as in Example 1, but instead of the tris (dipivalomethanato) -Europium the same amount of pure dipivalomethane (C 11 H 20 O 2 ) is used. The half-value photosensitivity is 29.5 µJ · cm- 2 .
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren, jedoch wird das Tris(dipivalomethanato)-europium durch die gleiche Menge an Europiumperchlorat (Eu(C104)3) (vorgelöst in wenig Wasser) ersetzt. Es wird eine Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit von 34,7 µj · cm-2 ermittelt.The procedure is as in Example 1, but the tris (dipivalomethanato) europium is replaced by the same amount of europium perchlorate (Eu (C10 4 ) 3 ) (pre-dissolved in a little water). A half-value photosensitivity of 34.7 µj · cm- 2 is determined.
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren, jedoch wird das Tris(dipivalomethanato)-europium durch Tris[1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluor-7,7-dimethyloctandionato-(4,6)]-holmium Ho(FOD)3 (C30H3()F21H0O6), Beispiel 2) bzw. Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym Pr(DPM)3 (C33H57PrO6) Beispiel 3) ersetzt. Die Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeiten betragen 21,6 (µj · cm-2 und 16.5 µJ · cm-2.The procedure is as in Example 1, but the tris (dipivalomethanato) europium is replaced by tris [1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyloctandionato- (4,6)] holmium Ho (FOD) 3 (C 30 H 3 () F 21 H 0 O 6 ), example 2) or tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium Pr (DPM) 3 (C 33 H 57 PrO 6 ) example 3). The half-value photosensitivities are 21.6 (µj · cm-2 and 16.5 µJ · cm-2.
60 Teile eines Copolymerisats aus 80 % Styrol und 20 % Acrylsäure mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 1600, 36 Teile p-Diethylaminobenzaldehyddiphenylhydrazon, 1 Teil Rhodamin 6 G (C.I. 45160) und 8 Teile Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym werden in Tetrahydrofuran/Methylglykol 1 : 1 gelöst und in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 5,5 µm auf ein feingebürstetes Aluminiumblech aufgetragen. An diesem elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterial wird eine Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit von 10,8 µJ · cm―2 ermittelt.60 parts of a copolymer of 80% styrene and 20% acrylic acid with an average molecular weight of 1600, 36 parts of p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone, 1 part of rhodamine 6 G (CI 45160) and 8 parts of tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran / methylglycol 1: 1 solved and applied in a dry layer thickness of 5.5 microns on a fine brushed aluminum sheet. A half-value photosensitivity of 10.8 µJ · cm ―2 is determined on this electrophotographic recording material.
Es wird wie in Beispiel 4 verfahren, jedoch wird das Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym weggelassen. Die Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit beträgt nun 16,2µJ · cm-2.The procedure is as in Example 4, but the tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium is omitted. The half-value photosensitivity is now 16.2µJ · cm-2.
50 Teile eines Copolymerisats aus 60 % Styrol und 40 % einer mit Methanol halbveresterten Maleinsäure mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mw von 10 000, 50 Teile 2-(4'-Diethylaminophenyl)-benztriazol-1,2,3, 0,2 Teile Kristallviolett (C.I. 42555) und 4 Teile Tris(dipivalomethanato)-europium werden aus einer 5 %igen Lösung in Tetrahydrofuran auf eine elektrolytisch aufgerauhte und anodisierte Aluminiumfolie von 0,15 mm Dicke in einer Trockenschichdicke von etwa 4 µm aufgebracht.50 parts of a copolymer of 60% styrene and 40% of a maleic acid semi-esterified with methanol with an average molecular weight M w of 10,000, 50 parts of 2- (4'-diethylaminophenyl) benzotriazole-1,2,3, 0.2 parts of crystal violet (CI 42555) and 4 parts of tris (dipivalomethanato) -europium are applied from a 5% solution in tetrahydrofuran to an electrolytically roughened and anodized aluminum foil of 0.15 mm thickness in a dry layer thickness of approximately 4 μm.
Diese Druckplatte wird nach einer Aufladung mittels einer Hochspannungscorona in einer Kamera bildmäßig 12 Sekunden belichtet. Danach wird mit einem Pulvertoner entwickelt, der bei 160 °C abriebfest eingebrannt wird. Die unbetonerte Schicht wird mit einem Gemisch aus 0,5 % Soda, 25 % Isopropanol und 74,5 % Wasser abgewaschen, wodurch die Aluminiumoberfläche freigelegt wird. Die Lösungen werden mit einem Wattebausch über die Schicht gestrichen. Man erhält die im Offsetdruck erwünschte Differenzierung in hydrophile und oleophile Bereiche, wobei die Trägeroberfläche die hydrophilen Bereiche liefert.After a charge, this printing plate is exposed in a camera for 12 seconds using a high-voltage corona. It is then developed with a powder toner that is burned-in at 160 ° C and resistant to abrasion. The unconcrete layer is washed off with a mixture of 0.5% soda, 25% isopropanol and 74.5% water, which exposes the aluminum surface. The solutions are spread over the layer with a cotton ball. The differentiation into hydrophilic and oleophilic areas desired in offset printing is obtained, the carrier surface providing the hydrophilic areas.
Anschließend an die Behandlung mit der alkalischen Flüssigkeit wird die Druckplatte mit Wasser nachgespült und durch Überwischen mit verdünnter Phosphorsäurelösung die Hydrophilie der Trägeroberfläche weiter erhöht. Nach Einfärben mit fetter Farbe wird auf bekannte Weise in Offsetdurckmaschinen damit gedruckt.After the treatment with the alkaline liquid, the printing plate is rinsed with water and the hydrophilicity of the support surface is further increased by wiping with dilute phosphoric acid solution. After inking with bold ink, it is used to print in a known manner in offset printing machines.
55 Teile eines Copolymerisats aus 55 % Styrol, 30 % Acrylsäure und 15 % Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mw von 35 000, 45 Teile 2-(N,N-Diethylaminophenyl)-benztriazof-1,2,3, 0,6 Teile Methylviolett (C.I. 42535) und 6 Teile Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym werden in einem Gemisch aus Tetrahydrofuran und Methylglykolacetat gelöst und als Schicht mit einer Trockenschichtdicke von 3,5 µm auf ein feingebürstetes Aluminiumblech aufgebracht. Die Vergleichsschicht 5 ist wie Beispiel 6 aber ohne das Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym hergestellt. Nach der xerographischen Methode werden an den beiden Schichten (Vergleichsbeispiel in Klammern) folgende Kenndaten gemessen :
- a) Zeit bis zur Aufladung auf -500 V (-8,5 kV, 10 mm) : 2,1 s (2,2s);
- b) maximale Potentialakzeptanz : 1 300 V (1 100 V) ;
- c) Dunkelabfall (20 s, - 600 V) : 11 % (16 %) ;
- d) photoinduzierter Potentialabfall (1 mJ - cm-2) : 88 % (79 %).
- a) Time to charge to -500 V (-8.5 kV, 10 mm): 2.1 s (2.2 s);
- b) maximum potential acceptance: 1 300 V (1 100 V);
- c) dark drop (20 s, - 600 V): 11% (16%);
- d) photo-induced potential drop (1 mJ - cm- 2 ): 88% (79%).
Auf einer Polyethylenterephthalatfolie mit einer aufgedampften, leitfähigen Aluminiumschicht in einer Dicke von etwa 300 A wird eine Schicht aus 60 Teilen eines chlorierten Perylen-3,4 : 9,10-tetracarbonsäurediimidbisbenzimidazols mit einem Chlorgehalt von etwa 38 % und 50 Teilen eines handelsüblichen Copolymerisats aus Vinylchlorid, Acrylsäure und einem Maleinsäurediester in einer Dicke von etwa 0,55 µm als Ladungsträger erzeugende Schicht aufgebracht.A layer of 60 parts of a chlorinated perylene-3,4: 9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide bisbenzimidazole with a chlorine content of about 38% and 50 parts of a commercially available copolymer of vinyl chloride is placed on a polyethylene terephthalate film with a vapor-deposited, conductive aluminum layer in a thickness of approximately 300 Å , Acrylic acid and a maleic acid diester applied in a thickness of about 0.55 microns as a charge carrier generating layer.
Auf diese Ladungsträger erzeugende Schicht wird aus einer Lösung in Essigsäureethylester eine Ladungstransportschicht aus 45 Teilen eines handelsüblichen Polycarbonat-Bindemittels mit einem Schmelzbereich von 220 bis 230 °C, 10 Teile eines Polyesters mit einer Säurezahl von etwa 40 und einem Molekulargewicht von ca. 4500, 40 Teilen p-Diethylaminobenzaldehyddiphenylhydrazon und 4 Teilen Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym so aufgebracht, daß nach dem Ablüften des Lösungsmittels und 30 minütigem Trocknen bei 80 °C eine Trockenschichtdicke von 12 wm resultiert.A charge transport layer consisting of 45 parts of a commercially available polycarbonate binder with a melting range of 220 to 230 ° C., 10 parts of a polyester with an acid number of approximately 40 and a molecular weight of approximately 4500, 40 is made from a solution in ethyl acetate onto this layer which generates charge carriers Parts of p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone and 4 parts of tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium are applied in such a way that after drying off the solvent and drying for 30 minutes at 80 ° C., a dry layer thickness of 12 wm results.
An dieser Schicht wird eine Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit von 2,35 µJ · cm-2 ermittelt. Die gleiche Schicht ohne Tris(dipivalomethanato)-praseodym hat eine Halbwertsphotoempfindlichkeit von etwa 4,8 µJ · cm-2. A half-value photosensitivity of 2.35 μJ · cm- 2 is determined on this layer. The same layer without tris (dipivalomethanato) praseodymium has a half-value photosensitivity of about 4.8 µJ · c m -2 .
Wird die Schicht des Beispiels 7 als Kopierfolie in einem handelsüblichen Kopiergerät mit Trockentoner verwendet, so können damit Kopien von guter Qualität und in hoher Anzahl hergestellt werden.If the layer of Example 7 is used as a copy film in a commercially available copier with dry toner, copies of good quality and in large numbers can be produced with it.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3324089A DE3324089A1 (en) | 1983-07-05 | 1983-07-05 | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIALS WITH IMPROVED PHOTO SENSITIVITY |
DE3324089 | 1983-07-05 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0133469A1 EP0133469A1 (en) | 1985-02-27 |
EP0133469B1 true EP0133469B1 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
Family
ID=6203115
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP84107504A Expired EP0133469B1 (en) | 1983-07-05 | 1984-06-28 | Electrophotographic recording materials with improved photosensitivity |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US4556621A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0133469B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6064356A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3324089A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6148859A (en) * | 1984-08-17 | 1986-03-10 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive body for positive electrostatic charging |
US4895783A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1990-01-23 | Xerox Corporation | Overcoated electrophotographic photoreceptor contains metal acetyl acetonate in polymer layer |
JPH0588396A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-09 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
US5232808A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-08-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrostatographic toner and developer containing a fluorinated β-diketone metal complex charge-control agent |
JP2000056488A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-25 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
US7167615B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2007-01-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Resonant waveguide-grating filters and sensors and methods for making and using same |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NL99369C (en) * | 1956-06-04 | |||
BE570790A (en) * | 1957-09-07 | |||
NL242505A (en) * | 1958-08-20 | |||
DE1117391B (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1961-11-16 | Kalle Ag | Electrophotographic process for the production of printing forms |
GB1150435A (en) * | 1965-04-28 | 1969-04-30 | Rank Xerox Ltd | Electrophotographic Material |
DE1522497C3 (en) * | 1966-05-13 | 1974-09-19 | Kalle Ag, 6202 Wiesbaden-Biebrich | Process for the production of printing forms |
US3620723A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1971-11-16 | Ricoh Kk | Electrophotographic copying material containing assistant sensitizers and its manufacturing method |
DE2220408C3 (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1978-10-26 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Electrophotographic recording material and process for its preparation - US Pat |
DE2237680C3 (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1981-09-10 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Electrophotographic recording material |
US4315981A (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1982-02-16 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Organic double layer electrophotographic recording material |
US3997342A (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1976-12-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photoconductive element exhibiting persistent conductivity |
DE2625116C2 (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1984-01-26 | Gödecke AG, 1000 Berlin | Process for the preparation of 4-hydroxy-aporphine derivatives |
DE2726116C3 (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1980-11-27 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Electrophotographic printing form |
DE3024772A1 (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-01-28 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | ELASTIC, LAMINATE LIGHT SENSITIVE LAYER |
DE3215968A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-03 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | ELECTROGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIALS WITH SPECIAL CONNECTORS TRANSPORTING CONNECTIONS |
-
1983
- 1983-07-05 DE DE3324089A patent/DE3324089A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-06-28 EP EP84107504A patent/EP0133469B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-28 DE DE8484107504T patent/DE3466091D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-29 US US06/625,970 patent/US4556621A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-07-04 JP JP59137424A patent/JPS6064356A/en active Granted
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Römpps Chemie-Lexikon (1979) S.1211, 3803, 644 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3324089A1 (en) | 1985-01-17 |
DE3466091D1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
JPH0416108B2 (en) | 1992-03-23 |
JPS6064356A (en) | 1985-04-12 |
EP0133469A1 (en) | 1985-02-27 |
US4556621A (en) | 1985-12-03 |
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