EP0133453B1 - Heat exchanger, particularly a steam generator - Google Patents

Heat exchanger, particularly a steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0133453B1
EP0133453B1 EP84105358A EP84105358A EP0133453B1 EP 0133453 B1 EP0133453 B1 EP 0133453B1 EP 84105358 A EP84105358 A EP 84105358A EP 84105358 A EP84105358 A EP 84105358A EP 0133453 B1 EP0133453 B1 EP 0133453B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue
tubes
vertical
cross
wall
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84105358A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0133453A2 (en
EP0133453A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Ammann
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Trasformazione Societaria sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication of EP0133453A2 publication Critical patent/EP0133453A2/en
Publication of EP0133453A3 publication Critical patent/EP0133453A3/en
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Publication of EP0133453B1 publication Critical patent/EP0133453B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a steam generator, with a vertical throttle cable and with at least one cross cable branching from it, the boundary walls of both the gas cable and the cross cable consisting of wall tubes tightly welded to one another and through which a medium flows, the wall tubes of the gas cable in its longitudinal direction and some of the wall pipes of the throttle cable serve as support pipes and are connected at their upper ends to a supporting frame, whereas the wall pipes of the cross train - insofar as they run in the longitudinal direction - are bent outwards and out at their branch point from their respective wall level Collectors are led.
  • connection has good bending flexibility, which allows deformations, which are caused, for example, by different thermal expansions of the gas flues or by earthquakes, to be compensated for without further ado.
  • Another additional advantage is the fact that it can be used on throttle cables of all possible shapes, for example on throttle cables with a polygonal or cylindrical cross section. It also allows perfect connections between throttle cables of different cross-sectional shapes.
  • the features of claim 7 represent a different type of formation of the penetration points in the walls of the cross train.
  • the design of the wall pipes of the two throttle cables according to claim 8 leads to a particularly good and clear connection of the walls of the cross train with the walls of the vertical throttle cable.
  • the throttle cable 1 branches off from a vertical, hexagonal cross-section throttle cable 1 a horizontal, rectangular cross-section cross cable 2, namely near the upper end of the throttle cable 1.
  • the two cables 1 and 2 enclose a space 13 and 23.
  • the boundary walls 10 of the throttle cable 1 consist of vertically extending wall tubes 11 which are tightly welded to one another via webs 3.
  • support tubes 12 are provided instead of wall tubes, which can have the same diameter as the wall tubes 11.
  • the support tubes for better differentiation from the wall tubes 11 are drawn thicker than these.
  • the vertical throttle cable 1 is suspended from a support frame (not shown) by means of the support tubes 12.
  • the support tubes 12 run through the opening connecting the rooms 13 and 23, whereas the wall tubes 11 are bent outwards from the walls 10 shortly before the cross train 2 meets and initially along a short horizontal distance parallel to the wall
  • the longitudinal axis of the transverse train 2 run (section 11 'in Fig. 2).
  • the short distances are different for the individual pipes.
  • the tubes are then bent again horizontally (section 11 ′′ in FIG. 2) and guided up to a vertical plane, which in each case contains the longitudinal axis of a support tube 12 crossing the transverse train 2 and extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transverse train.
  • the four walls 20 delimiting the transverse train 2 consist of wall tubes 21 which have the same diameter as the wall tubes 11 and are also welded tightly to one another via webs 33.
  • the wall tubes 21 run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transverse cable 2.
  • the wall tubes 21 of the two vertical walls 20 are bent horizontally outwards when they meet the walls 10 of the vertical gas cable 1 and open into a vertical collector 25 at each wall. At the bending point of the tubes 21 of the vertical walls 20, these tubes are welded gas-tight to the relevant wall 10.
  • the wall tubes 21 of the two horizontal walls 20 are bent such that they continue vertically from this turning point in the wall 10 in question (section 21 "') to close to the turning point of the tube aligned with it 11 in the wall 10.
  • the webs 33 of the two horizontal walls 20 are also continued seamlessly in the vertical walls 10 of the throttle cable 1, with the same web width in that wall 10 whose plane forms a right angle with the longitudinal axes of the wall tubes 21, and with a narrower web width in the two walls 10, the plane of which forms an angle different from 90 ° with the longitudinal axes of the wall tubes 21 which meet them.
  • the webs 33 from the horizontal walls 20 are at the bending point of the tubes 11 with those from the walls 10 originating webs 3.
  • the vertical sections 21 'of the wa are removed about 0.5 of the web width from the bending point of the tubes 11 nd pipes 21 bent outwards and guided parallel to the sections 11 'of the wall pipes 11 to an upper or lower horizontal collector 24.
  • the sections 21 'with the webs 33 located between them thus fill the part of the walls 10 which lies between the bending points of the tubes 11 and the branching point of the transverse pull 2.
  • This configuration of the transition from the throttle cable 1 to the transverse cable 2 results in an excellent connection in terms of strength between the walls 10 and the horizontal walls 20.
  • the vertical sections 11 "'of the wall pipes 11 of the vertical throttle cable 1 penetrate the two horizontal walls 20 of the transverse cable 2 in their further course, namely the points of intersection of a group each lie in a web 33 between two wall pipes 21.
  • the sections are at the points of intersection 11 "'welded gas-tight with the webs 33. Since the sections 11 "'are aligned with the associated support tube 12, they would have to meet a tube 21 in the horizontal wall 20 in a straight line. In order to avoid this, each wall tube 21 running towards a support tube 12 is around the piercing points of the sections 11". 'led around. In addition, these tubes, one of which is shown on the right in FIG.
  • the wall pipes 11 of the vertical throttle cable are bent alternately on two different height levels - labeled B and C in FIGS. 3 and 6 - on both sides of the branching point of the cross cable.
  • the sections 21 'of the wall tubes 21 of the two horizontal walls 20 of the cross train are also alternately bent on both sides of the branch point at two different height levels - designated D and E in FIGS. 3 and 6 - from the walls 10 of the vertical throttle cable. From FIG. 4, better than from FIG. 2, it is possible to see the wall tubes 21 "running towards each support tube 12 around the intersection points of the sections 11" '.
  • the tubes 21 "are led outside the planes D and E to the collector 24. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 6, excessively large web areas and thus the generation of high thermal stresses are avoided.
  • the upper horizontal wall 20 of the transverse cable 2 can instead of being bent upwards be continued in a straight line in order to form the upper end of the vertical gas cable 1.
  • the vertical sections 11 "'of the wall pipes 11 are not led back to the wall 10 of the vertical throttle cable 1 after leaving the transverse cable 2, but rather directly into a collector into which the other wall pipes 11 which are not guided by the transverse cable also open can.
  • the support, not shown, of the transverse pull 2 takes place, for. B. by means of supporting frames which are attached to a supporting structure.
  • the two vertical walls 20 of the transverse train can be provided with pipes running transversely to the longitudinal direction instead of with pipes running in the longitudinal direction thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Dampferzeuger, mit einem vertikalen Gaszug und mit mindestens einem von diesem abzweigenden Querzug, wobei die Begrenzungswände sowohl des Gaszuges als auch des Querzuges aus miteinander dicht verschweissten, von einem Medium durchströmten Wandrohren bestehen, wobei die Wandrohre des Gaszuges in dessen Längsrichtung verlaufen und wobei von den Wandrohren des Gaszuges einige als Tragrohre dienen und mit ihren oberen Enden mit einem Traggerüst verbunden sind, wogegen die Wandrohre des Querzuges - soweit sie in dessen Längsrichtung verlaufen - an dessen Abzweigstelle aus ihrer jeweiligen Wandebene nach aussen abgebogen und zu Kollektoren geführt sind.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a steam generator, with a vertical throttle cable and with at least one cross cable branching from it, the boundary walls of both the gas cable and the cross cable consisting of wall tubes tightly welded to one another and through which a medium flows, the wall tubes of the gas cable in its longitudinal direction and some of the wall pipes of the throttle cable serve as support pipes and are connected at their upper ends to a supporting frame, whereas the wall pipes of the cross train - insofar as they run in the longitudinal direction - are bent outwards and out at their branch point from their respective wall level Collectors are led.

Bei bekannten Wärmeübertragern dieser Art, insbesondere bei Dampferzeugern, bleibt die Wandberohrung des vertikalen Gaszuges von der des Querzuges unabhängig. An den Stellen, an denen die Wände der beiden Züge zusammentreffen, sind diese mittels eines eingeschweissten Blechstreifens gasdicht miteinander verbunden. Ausserdem werden an diesen Stellen die Rohre des Gaszuges nach aussen abgebogen und getrennten Kollektoren zugeführt, wobei lediglich die Tragrohre .des vertikalen Gaszuges die Oeffnung an der Abzweigstelle des Querzuges durchqueren und zu den Aufhängestellen im obersten Bereich des vertikalen Gaszuges weitergeführt werden. Nachteile dieser Konstruktion sind :

  • - Die Unterbrechung der Wandrohre des vertikalen Gaszuges im Bereich der Abzweigstelle des Querzuges und ihre Zuführung zu Kollektoren macht einerseits die Konstruktion komplex und aufwendig und ist andererseits thermodynamisch schlecht, weil ein Teil der Wandrohre des vertikalen Gaszuges vom Wärmeübertragungsprozess mit dem in den beiden Zügen strömenden Gas ausgeschlossen wird ; dadurch ergibt sich eine ungleichmässige Verteilung der Wärmeaufnahme in dem die Rohre durchströmenden Medium. Das aus den abgebogenen Wandrohren und den durchlaufenden Wandrohren des vertikalen Gaszuges austretende Medium weist dann unterschiedliche Temperaturen auf und seine Durchmischung zur Vergleichmässigung der Temperaturen kann nur mit Hilfe besonderer, unter Umständen aufwendiger Massnahmen durchgeführt werden.
  • - Die Verbindung der beiden Züge mittels des eingeschweissten Blechstreifens führt zu schwierigen konstruktiven Problemen. Festigkeitsmässig ist eine solche Verbindung schwierig zu beherrschen, weil jeder der beiden Züge anderen Belastungen ausgesetzt ist und weil sie unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungen unterliegen. Im Bereich der Verbindung können Beanspruchungen auftreten, die Kerbwirkungen ähnlich sind.
In known heat exchangers of this type, in particular in steam generators, the wall bore of the vertical throttle cable remains independent of that of the transverse cable. At the points where the walls of the two trains meet, they are connected to each other in a gas-tight manner by means of a welded-in sheet metal strip. In addition, the pipes of the throttle cable are bent outwards at these points and fed to separate collectors, with only the support pipes of the vertical throttle cable crossing the opening at the branching point of the cross cable and continuing to the suspension points in the uppermost area of the vertical gas cable. Disadvantages of this construction are:
  • - The interruption of the wall pipes of the vertical throttle cable in the area of the branch point of the transverse cable and their feed to collectors makes the construction complex and complex on the one hand and is thermodynamically poor on the other hand because part of the wall pipes of the vertical gas cable from the heat transfer process with the gas flowing in the two cables is excluded; this results in an uneven distribution of the heat absorption in the medium flowing through the pipes. The medium emerging from the bent wall tubes and the continuous wall tubes of the vertical gas flue then has different temperatures, and its mixing to even out the temperatures can only be carried out with the aid of special, possibly complex measures.
  • - The connection of the two trains by means of the welded-in sheet metal strip leads to difficult design problems. In terms of strength, such a connection is difficult to master because each of the two trains is exposed to different loads and because they are subject to different thermal expansions. In the area of the connection, stresses can occur that are similar to notch effects.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Wärmeübertrager der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem durch eine konstruktive Vereinfachung der Verbindung im Bereich der Abzweigstelle des Querzuges diese Verbindung festigkeitsmässig besser beherrschbar wird und eine Vergleichmässigung der Verteilung der Wärmeaufnahme des die Rohre des vertikalen Gaszuges durchströmenden Mediums eintritt.It is an object of the invention to provide a heat exchanger of the type mentioned, in which this connection can be better controlled in terms of strength by a constructive simplification of the connection in the region of the branching point of the transverse cable and a more uniform distribution of the heat absorption of the medium flowing through the pipes of the vertical gas cable entry.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch diese Gestaltung durchlaufen die aus den Wänden des vertikalen Gaszuges abgebogenen Rohre den Innenraum des Querzuges und können nun in den gleichen Kollektor wie die übrigen Wandrohre des vertikalen Gaszuges münden. Dadurch werden alle Wandrohre des vertikalen Gaszuges im wesentlichen gleich lang und sind dem Gasstrom gleich viel ausgesetzt, so dass die Temperaturen des aus den Rohren austretenden Mediums vergleichmässigt werden. Der Uebergang vom vertikalen Gaszug zum Querzug ist konstruktiv so verbessert, dass eine nahtlose Verbindung zwischen den Wänden der beiden Züge entsteht, was auch durch das Umbiegen eines Teils der Wandrohre des Querzuges erreicht wird, die damit zu einem Bestandteil der Wand des vertikalen Gaszuges werden. Damit wird eine wesentliche festigkeitsmässige Verbesserung der Verbindung zwischen den beiden Gaszügen erreicht.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Due to this design, the pipes bent from the walls of the vertical throttle cable pass through the interior of the transverse cable and can now open into the same collector as the other wall pipes of the vertical gas cable. As a result, all the wall pipes of the vertical throttle cable are of essentially the same length and are exposed to the gas flow to the same extent, so that the temperatures of the medium emerging from the pipes are evened out. The transition from the vertical throttle cable to the transverse cable has been improved so that there is a seamless connection between the walls of the two cables, which is also achieved by bending part of the wall tubes of the transverse cable, which thus become part of the wall of the vertical gas cable. A substantial improvement in the strength of the connection between the two gas flues is thus achieved.

Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemässen Gestaltung besteht darin, dass die Verbindung eine gute Biegeflexibilität erhält, die erlaubt, dass Deformationen, die zum Beispiel durch unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen der Gaszüge oder durch Erdbeben hervorgerufen werden, ohne weiteres ausgeglichen werden können. Ein . weiterer zusätzlicher Vorteil ist darin zu sehen, dass sie auf Gaszüge aller möglichen Formen anwendbar ist, zum Beispiel auf Gaszüge mit polygonalem oder auch zylindrischem Querschnitt. Sie erlaubt auch einwandfreie Verbindungen zwischen Gaszügen verschiedener Querschnittsformen.An additional advantage of the design according to the invention is that the connection has good bending flexibility, which allows deformations, which are caused, for example, by different thermal expansions of the gas flues or by earthquakes, to be compensated for without further ado. A . Another additional advantage is the fact that it can be used on throttle cables of all possible shapes, for example on throttle cables with a polygonal or cylindrical cross section. It also allows perfect connections between throttle cables of different cross-sectional shapes.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ergibt sich bei den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 2, da hierbei der Strömungswiderstand des Gases am Uebergang zum Querzug verringert wird.An advantageous development of the invention results from the features according to claim 2, since here the flow resistance of the gas at the transition to the transverse pull is reduced.

Die Weiterbildung der Erfindung nach dem Anspruch 4 ist hinsichtlich der Rohrführung besonders einfach und übersichtlich und begünstigt ferner die Vermeidung von Wärmespannungen.The development of the invention according to claim 4 is particularly simple and clear with regard to the pipe routing and also favors the avoidance of thermal stresses.

Aus Gründen der Symmetrie schafft die Ausführungsform mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 eine weitere wesentliche Vereinfachung des Wärmeübertragers.For reasons of symmetry, the embodiment with the features of claim 5 creates a further substantial simplification of the heat exchanger.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 führen zu einer sehr einfachen Ausbildung der Durchdringungsstellen in den Wänden des Querzuges.The features of claim 6 lead to a very simple design of the penetration points in the walls of the cross train.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 7 stellen eine andere Art der Ausbildung der Durchdringungsstellen in den Wänden des Querzuges dar.The features of claim 7 represent a different type of formation of the penetration points in the walls of the cross train.

Die Auslegung der Wandrohre der beiden Gaszüge nach Anspruch 8 führt zu einer besonders guten und übersichtlichen Verbindung der Wände des Querzuges mit den Wänden des vertikalen Gaszuges.The design of the wall pipes of the two throttle cables according to claim 8 leads to a particularly good and clear connection of the walls of the cross train with the walls of the vertical throttle cable.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung :

  • Fig. 1 eine Perspektive eines aus einem vertikalen Gaszug und einem horizontalen Querzug bestehenden Wärmeübertragers nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 ebenfalls perspektivisch einen stark vergrösserten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, der dort mit A bezeichnet ist,
  • Fig. 3 die Ansicht einer gegenüber den Fig. 1 und 2 abgewandelten Ausführungsform der Erfindung und
  • Fig. 4 bis 6 je einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV, V-V bis 6 bzw. VI-VI in Fig. 3.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be explained with reference to the drawing. Each shows in a schematic representation:
  • 1 is a perspective of a heat exchanger according to the invention consisting of a vertical throttle cable and a horizontal cross cable,
  • FIG. 2 also shows a perspective view of a greatly enlarged detail from FIG. 1, which is designated there by A,
  • Fig. 3 is a view of a modified embodiment of the invention and FIGS. 1 and 2
  • 4 to 6 each a section along the line IV-IV, VV to 6 and VI-VI in Fig. 3rd

Gemäss Fig. 1 zweigt von einem vertikalen, hexagonalen Querschnitt aufweisenden Gaszug 1 ein horizontaler, rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisender Querzug 2 ab, und zwar nahe dem oberen Ende des Gaszuges 1. Die beiden Züge 1 und 2 umschliessen einen Raum 13 bzw. 23. Die Begrenzungswände 10 des Gaszuges 1 bestehen aus über Stege 3 dicht miteinander verschweissten, vertikal verlaufenden Wandrohren 11. In regelmässigen Abständen über den Umfang des Gaszuges 1 verteilt, sind anstelle von Wandrohren 11 Tragrohre 12 vorgesehen, die gleichen Durchmesser haben können wie die Wandrohre 11. In Fig. 2 sind die Tragrohre zur besseren Unterscheidung von den Wandrohren 11 dicker als diese gezeichnet. Mittels der Tragrohre 12 ist der vertikale Gaszug 1 an einem nicht gezeigten Traggerüst aufgehängt.1 branches off from a vertical, hexagonal cross-section throttle cable 1 a horizontal, rectangular cross-section cross cable 2, namely near the upper end of the throttle cable 1. The two cables 1 and 2 enclose a space 13 and 23. The boundary walls 10 of the throttle cable 1 consist of vertically extending wall tubes 11 which are tightly welded to one another via webs 3. At regular intervals over the circumference of the gas cable 1, 11 support tubes 12 are provided instead of wall tubes, which can have the same diameter as the wall tubes 11. In Fig 2, the support tubes for better differentiation from the wall tubes 11 are drawn thicker than these. The vertical throttle cable 1 is suspended from a support frame (not shown) by means of the support tubes 12.

Im Bereich der Abzweigstelle des Querzuges 2 verlaufen die Tragrohre 12 durch die die Räume 13 und 23 verbindende Oeffnung, wogegen die Wandrohre 11 kurz vor dem Zusammentreffen mit dem Querzug 2 aus den Wänden 10 nach aussen abgebogen sind und anfänglich entlang einer kurzen horizontalen Strecke parallel zur Längsachse des Querzuges 2 verlaufen (Abschnitt 11' in Fig. 2). Die kurzen Strecken sind für die einzelnen Rohre verschieden lang. Danach werden die Rohre nochmals horizontal abgebogen (Abschnitt 11" in Fig. 2) und bis zu einer vertikalen Ebene geführt, die jeweils die Längsachse eines den Querzug 2 durchquerenden Tragrohres 12 enthält und sich parallel zur Längsachse des Querzuges erstreckt. Etwa die Hälfte der beiderseits eines solchen Tragrohres 12 befindlichen Wandrohre 11 ist als Gruppe in der vertikalen Ebene zusammengeführt, die mit dem betreffenden Tragrohr 12 fluchtet. Die Abschnitte 11" der Rohre 11 erreichen die vertikale Ebene so, dass sie dort voneinander gleichen Abstand haben. An dieser Stelle werden die Wandrohre 11 dann nach oben abgebogen, so dass sie von da ab vertikal, parallel zum zugehörigen Tragrohr 12 und mit ihrer Längsachse in der vertikalen Ebene verlaufen (Abschnitt 11"' in Fig. 2). Die bisher für die Unterseite des Querzuges 2 beschriebene Formgebung der Rohre 11 gilt in spiegelbildlicher Weise auch für die Formgebung der Rohre 11 auf der Oberseite des Querzuges.In the area of the branching point of the cross train 2, the support tubes 12 run through the opening connecting the rooms 13 and 23, whereas the wall tubes 11 are bent outwards from the walls 10 shortly before the cross train 2 meets and initially along a short horizontal distance parallel to the wall The longitudinal axis of the transverse train 2 run (section 11 'in Fig. 2). The short distances are different for the individual pipes. The tubes are then bent again horizontally (section 11 ″ in FIG. 2) and guided up to a vertical plane, which in each case contains the longitudinal axis of a support tube 12 crossing the transverse train 2 and extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transverse train. About half of the two sides of such a support pipe 12 wall pipes 11 is brought together as a group in the vertical plane, which is aligned with the relevant support pipe 12. The sections 11 "of the pipes 11 reach the vertical plane so that they are equidistant from one another there. At this point, the wall tubes 11 are then bent upward, so that from then on they run vertically, parallel to the associated support tube 12 and with their longitudinal axis in the vertical plane (section 11 ″ in FIG. 2) of the cross train 2 described shaping of the tubes 11 also applies in a mirror image to the shape of the tubes 11 on the top of the cross train.

Die vier den Querzug 2 begrenzenden Wände 20 bestehen aus Wandrohren 21, die den gleichen Durchmesser wie die Wandrohre 11 aufweisen und ebenfalls über Stege 33 dicht miteinander verschweisst sind. Die Wandrohre 21 verlaufen parallel der Längsachse des Querzuges 2. Die Wandrohre 21 der beiden vertikalen Wände 20 sind beim Zusammentreffen mit den Wänden 10 des vertikalen Gaszuges 1 horizontal nach aussen abgebogen und münden je Wand in einen vertikalen Kollektor 25. An der Abbiegestelle der Rohre 21 der vertikalen Wände 20 sind diese Rohre mit der betreffenden Wand 10 gasdicht verschweisst.The four walls 20 delimiting the transverse train 2 consist of wall tubes 21 which have the same diameter as the wall tubes 11 and are also welded tightly to one another via webs 33. The wall tubes 21 run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transverse cable 2. The wall tubes 21 of the two vertical walls 20 are bent horizontally outwards when they meet the walls 10 of the vertical gas cable 1 and open into a vertical collector 25 at each wall. At the bending point of the tubes 21 of the vertical walls 20, these tubes are welded gas-tight to the relevant wall 10.

Die Wandrohre 21 der beiden horizontalen Wände 20 sind beim Zusammentreffen mit den Wänden 10 des vertikalen Gaszuges 1 so abgebogen, dass sie von dieser Abbiegestelle aus in der betreffenden Wand 10 vertikal weiterlaufen (Abschnitt 21"') bis nahe zur Abbiegestelle des mit ihm fluchtenden Rohres 11 in der Wand 10. Auch die Stege 33 der beiden horizontalen Wände 20 werden in den vertikalen Wänden 10 des Gaszuges 1 nahtlos weitergeführt, und zwar mit gleicher Stegbreite in derjenigen Wand 10, deren Ebene mit den Längsachsen der Wandrohre 21 einen rechten Winkel bildet, und mit schmalerer Stegbreite in den beiden Wänden 10, deren Ebene mit den Längsachsen der auf sie treffenden Wandrohre 21 einen von 90° verschiedenen Winkel bilden. Die Stege 33 aus den horizontalen Wänden 20 sind an der Abbiegestelle der Rohre 11 mit den aus den Wänden 10 stammenden Stegen 3 dicht verschweisst. Etwa 0,5 der Stegbreite von der Abbiegestelle der Rohre 11 entfernt werden die vertikalen Abschnitte 21' der Wandrohre 21 nach aussen abgebogen und parallel zu den Abschnitten 11' der Wandrohre 11 zu einem oberen bzw. unteren horizontalen Kollektor 24 geführt. Die Abschnitte 21' mit den zwischen ihnen befindlichen Stegen 33 füllen also die Partie der Wände 10, die zwischen den Abbiegestellen der Rohre 11 und der Abzweigstelle des Querzuges 2 liegt. Durch diese Ausbildung des Uebergangs vom Gaszug 1 zum Querzug 2 ergibt sich eine festigkeitsmässig ausgezeichnete Verbindung zwischen den Wänden 10 und den horizontalen Wänden 20.When they meet the walls 10 of the vertical throttle cable 1, the wall tubes 21 of the two horizontal walls 20 are bent such that they continue vertically from this turning point in the wall 10 in question (section 21 "') to close to the turning point of the tube aligned with it 11 in the wall 10. The webs 33 of the two horizontal walls 20 are also continued seamlessly in the vertical walls 10 of the throttle cable 1, with the same web width in that wall 10 whose plane forms a right angle with the longitudinal axes of the wall tubes 21, and with a narrower web width in the two walls 10, the plane of which forms an angle different from 90 ° with the longitudinal axes of the wall tubes 21 which meet them. The webs 33 from the horizontal walls 20 are at the bending point of the tubes 11 with those from the walls 10 originating webs 3. The vertical sections 21 'of the wa are removed about 0.5 of the web width from the bending point of the tubes 11 nd pipes 21 bent outwards and guided parallel to the sections 11 'of the wall pipes 11 to an upper or lower horizontal collector 24. The sections 21 'with the webs 33 located between them thus fill the part of the walls 10 which lies between the bending points of the tubes 11 and the branching point of the transverse pull 2. This configuration of the transition from the throttle cable 1 to the transverse cable 2 results in an excellent connection in terms of strength between the walls 10 and the horizontal walls 20.

Die vertikalen Abschnitte 11"' der Wandrohre 11 des vertikalen Gaszuges 1 durchstossen in ihrem weiteren Verlauf die beiden horizontalen Wände 20 des Querzuges 2, und zwar liegen die Durchstossstellen einer Gruppe jeweils in einem Steg 33 zwischen zwei Wandrohren 21. An den Durchstossstellen sind die Abschnitte 11"' mit den Stegen 33 gasdicht zusammengeschweisst. Da die Abschnitte 11"' mit dem zugehörigen Tragrohr 12 fluchten, müssten sie bei geradlinigem Verlauf auf ein Rohr 21 in der horizontalen Wand 20 stossen. Um dies zu vermeiden, ist jedes auf ein Tragrohr 12 zulaufende Wandrohr 21 um die Durchstossstellen der Abschnitte 11"' herumgeführt. Ausserdem sind diese Rohre, von denen eines in Fig. 2 rechts dargestellt und mit 21" bezeichnet ist, vor dem Zusammentreffen mit den betreffenden Tragrohren 12 - das heisst ausserhalb des vertikalen Gaszuges 1 -aus der horizontalen Wand 20 abgebogen und bis zu ihrer nächsten Abbiegestelle parallel zum Tragrohr 12 geführt. Auf ihrem Weg zum Kollektor 24 sind die Rohre 21" wieder um die vertikalen Abschnitte 11"' herumgeführt.The vertical sections 11 "'of the wall pipes 11 of the vertical throttle cable 1 penetrate the two horizontal walls 20 of the transverse cable 2 in their further course, namely the points of intersection of a group each lie in a web 33 between two wall pipes 21. The sections are at the points of intersection 11 "'welded gas-tight with the webs 33. Since the sections 11 "'are aligned with the associated support tube 12, they would have to meet a tube 21 in the horizontal wall 20 in a straight line. In order to avoid this, each wall tube 21 running towards a support tube 12 is around the piercing points of the sections 11". 'led around. In addition, these tubes, one of which is shown on the right in FIG. 2 and with 21 " is referred to, before meeting the relevant support tubes 12 - that is, outside the vertical throttle cable 1 - bent out of the horizontal wall 20 and guided parallel to the support tube 12 until its next turning point. On their way to the collector 24, the pipes 21 "are again guided around the vertical sections 11"'.

Die Strömung des die Gaszüge 1 und 2 beaufschlagenden Gases ist - unabhängig von seiner Fliessrichtung - praktisch ungestört. Da sämtliche den Raum 23 durchquerenden Rohre in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind, ist die von ihnen in der Gasströmung verursachte Störung im wesentlichen identisch mit der Störung, die die Tragrohre ohnehin verursachen würden und die bekanntlich vernachlässigbar ist. Die Strecke, auf der die Wandrohre 11 ausserhalb der Gaszüge geführt sind und auf der sie nicht am Wärmeaustausch mit dem strömenden Gas teilnehmen, wird dadurch kompensiert, dass diese Rohre bei ihrem Durchgang durch den Querzug 2 voll in den Gasstrom eintauchen und dabei mit ihrem ganzen Umfang an dem Wärmeaustausch teilnehmen, statt nur mit einem Teil des Umfanges, wie dies beim Verlauf in den Wänden 10 der Fall ist.The flow of the gas acting on the gas passages 1 and 2 is practically undisturbed - regardless of its direction of flow. Since all the tubes crossing the space 23 are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow, the disturbance caused by them in the gas flow is essentially identical to the disturbance which the support tubes would cause anyway and which is known to be negligible. The distance on which the wall pipes 11 are routed outside the gas passages and on which they do not participate in the heat exchange with the flowing gas is compensated for by the fact that these pipes are fully immersed in the gas flow as they pass through the transverse train 2, and with it all Participate in the scope of the heat exchange instead of only with a part of the scope, as is the case with the course in the walls 10.

Gemäss Fig. 3 bis 6 sind die Wandrohre 11 des vertikalen Gaszuges beiderseits der Abzweigstelle des Querzuges abwechselnd auf zwei unterschiedlichen Höhenebenen - in Fig. 3 und 6 mit B und C bezeichnet - abgebogen. Die Abschnitte 21' der Wandrohre 21 der beiden horizontalen Wände 20 des Querzuges sind ebenfalls abwechselnd beiderseits der Abzweigstelle auf zwei verschiedenen Höhenebenen - in Fig. 3 und 6 mit D und E bezeichnet - aus den Wänden 10 des vertikalen Gaszuges abgebogen. Aus Fig. 4 ist - besser als aus Fig. 2 - das Herumführen der auf je ein Tragrohr 12 zulaufenden Wandrohre 21" um die Durchstossstellen der Abschnitte 11"' zu erkennen. Die Rohre 21" werden ausserhalb der Ebenen D und E zum Kollektor 24 geführt. Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 bis 6 werden allzu grosse Stegflächen und damit das Entstehen von hohen Wärmespannungen vermieden.According to FIGS. 3 to 6, the wall pipes 11 of the vertical throttle cable are bent alternately on two different height levels - labeled B and C in FIGS. 3 and 6 - on both sides of the branching point of the cross cable. The sections 21 'of the wall tubes 21 of the two horizontal walls 20 of the cross train are also alternately bent on both sides of the branch point at two different height levels - designated D and E in FIGS. 3 and 6 - from the walls 10 of the vertical throttle cable. From FIG. 4, better than from FIG. 2, it is possible to see the wall tubes 21 "running towards each support tube 12 around the intersection points of the sections 11" '. The tubes 21 "are led outside the planes D and E to the collector 24. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 6, excessively large web areas and thus the generation of high thermal stresses are avoided.

Abweichend von den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen kann die obere horizontale Wand 20 des Querzuges 2, statt nach oben abgebogen, geradlinig weitergeführt werden, um den oberen Abschluss des vertikalen Gaszuges 1 zu bilden. In diesem Fall werden die vertikalen Abschnitte 11"' der Wandrohre 11 nach dem Verlassen des Querzuges 2 nicht wieder zur Wand 10 des vertikalen Gaszuges 1 geführt, sondern direkt in einen Kollektor, in den auch die übrigen, nicht durch den Querzug geführten Wandrohre 11 münden können.In a departure from the exemplary embodiments described, the upper horizontal wall 20 of the transverse cable 2 can instead of being bent upwards be continued in a straight line in order to form the upper end of the vertical gas cable 1. In this case, the vertical sections 11 "'of the wall pipes 11 are not led back to the wall 10 of the vertical throttle cable 1 after leaving the transverse cable 2, but rather directly into a collector into which the other wall pipes 11 which are not guided by the transverse cable also open can.

Die nicht gezeigte Abstützung des Querzuges 2 erfolgt z. B. mittels Tragrahmen, die an einem Traggerüst befestigt sind.The support, not shown, of the transverse pull 2 takes place, for. B. by means of supporting frames which are attached to a supporting structure.

Abweichend von dem in Fig. 1 gezeichneten Ausführungsbeispiel können die beiden vertikalen Wände 20 des Querzuges - statt mit in dessen Längsrichtung verlaufenden Rohren - mit quer zur Längsrichtung verlaufenden Rohren versehen sein.In a departure from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the two vertical walls 20 of the transverse train can be provided with pipes running transversely to the longitudinal direction instead of with pipes running in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Claims (8)

1. A heat exchanger, more particularly a vapour generator, having a vertical gas flue (1) and at least one cross flue (2) branching off from the vertical gas flue (1), the boundary walls (10, 20) of the vertical flue (1) and cross flue (2) respectively comprising sealingly welded-together wall tubes (11, 12 and 21 respectively) flowed through by a medium, the wall tubes (11) of the vertical flue (1) extending lengthwise thereof, some of the wall tubes (11, 12) of the vertical flue (1) being operative as support tubes (12) and being connected at their top ends to a support structure, whereas the cross-flue wall tubes (21), to the extent that they extend lengthwise thereof, are bent outwardly at their branching place from their wall plane and extend to collectors (24, 25), characterised in that near the junction or branching-off place of the cross flue (2) the vertical flue tubes (11) not operative as support tubes (12) are bent outwardly outside the cross flue (2) and extend in groups in each case to a vertical plane which is parallel to the cross-flue longitudinal axis and in which the tubes (11 ) of the particular group concerned, after further bending and crossing through the cross flue (2), extend further, the further-extending tubes (11"') being sealingly welded at their lead-through places to the cross-flue boundary wall (20) ; and at least the wall part of the vertical flue (1) between, on the one hand, the junction with the cross-flue (2) and, on the other hand, the place where the wall tubes (11) extending upwardly to the cross-flue (2) are bent off in the boundary wall (10) of the vertical flue (1) is filled with cross-flue tubes which extend as far as the bending-off place of the cross-flue (2) lengthwise thereof and at such place are bent vertically downwards.
2. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the vertical planes are each disposed in registration with a support tube (12) extending through the branching-off place of the cross-flue (2).
3. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the tubes (11"') further extended in the vertical planes extend vertically.
4. A heat exchanger according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that the bending-off places of the vertical flue wall tubes (11) are disposed preferably on either side of the cross-flue (2) alternately on at least two vertical levels (B, C); and the tubes (11', 11") extend substantially horizontally from their bending places as far as the associated vertical plane, and the cross-flue tubes (21') which fill the wall part of the vertical flue (1) also extend substantially horizon- . tally in their part extending to the collectors (24).
5. A heat exchanger according to any of claims 1-4, characterised in that the number of vertical-flue wall tubes (11', 11") extending in the group to a vertical plane is substantially the same on either side of such plane.
6. A heat exchanger according to any of claims 1-5 having webs (3, 33) welded in between wall tubes (11, 21 respectively), characterised in that the tubes (11"') further extended in the vertical planes extend through the cross-flue boundary walls (20) in the region of a we6 (33).
7. A heat exchanger according to any of claims 1-5, characterised in that the cross-flue wall tubes (21) which converge to form a group of the tubes (11"') further extended in the vertical planes are bent out in avoidance of the group of the last-mentioned tubes (11"'), remaining in their wall plane of the cross-flue (2).
8. A heat exchanger according to any of claims 1-6, characterised in that the vertical-flue wall tubes (11) not operative as support tubes (12) and .the cross-flue wall tubes (21) have the same outside diameter and the longitudinal axes of the wall tubes (21') filling the wall part of the vertical flue (1) coincide in their vertical extent with the longitudinal axis of the vertical flue wall tubes (11).
EP84105358A 1983-08-05 1984-05-11 Heat exchanger, particularly a steam generator Expired EP0133453B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4256/83 1983-08-05
CH425683 1983-08-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0133453A2 EP0133453A2 (en) 1985-02-27
EP0133453A3 EP0133453A3 (en) 1985-12-18
EP0133453B1 true EP0133453B1 (en) 1988-07-27

Family

ID=4272727

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84105358A Expired EP0133453B1 (en) 1983-08-05 1984-05-11 Heat exchanger, particularly a steam generator

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US4524727A (en)
EP (1) EP0133453B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6038504A (en)
CA (1) CA1247480A (en)
DE (1) DE3473025D1 (en)
PL (1) PL143769B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3525676A1 (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-01-22 Kraftwerk Union Ag STEAM GENERATOR
DE3613508A1 (en) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-29 Krupp Koppers Gmbh DEVICE FOR THE GASIFICATION OF FINE-DIVISION, IN PARTICULAR SOLID FUELS UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE
DE58905817D1 (en) * 1988-07-26 1993-11-11 Siemens Ag Continuous steam generator.
US5201282A (en) * 1989-10-17 1993-04-13 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Upflow/downflow heated tube circulating system
US5176110A (en) * 1989-10-17 1993-01-05 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Upflow/downflow heated tube circulating system
US5501181A (en) * 1994-09-08 1996-03-26 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Spiral furnace support tube strap
US6718915B1 (en) 2002-12-16 2004-04-13 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Horizontal spiral tube boiler convection pass enclosure design
PT2009091816Y (en) * 2008-01-14 2012-01-19 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generat Heat exchanger
JO3344B1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2019-03-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Shop-assembled solar receiver heat exchanger
RU2702314C1 (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-10-07 Открытое акционерное общество "Таганрогский котлостроительный завод "Красный котельщик" (ОАО ТКЗ "Красный котельщик") Convective shaft of boiler with node for sealing of passage of vertical pipes

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US2723650A (en) * 1950-11-10 1955-11-15 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator
NL234992A (en) * 1958-01-10
GB886927A (en) * 1959-07-30 1962-01-10 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in tubulous vapour generators
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DE2557427A1 (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-30 Kraftwerk Union Ag CIRCUIT OF A FIRE ROOM LUG IN A FLOW-THROUGH BOILER WITH GAS-TIGHT WELDED WALLS IN TWO CONSTRUCTION
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JPS6016807Y2 (en) * 1980-11-20 1985-05-24 三菱重工業株式会社 Furnace with wall tubes arranged in a spiral pattern
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US4394849A (en) * 1981-06-22 1983-07-26 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Vapor generator having drainable tube bends around burner openings extending through furnace boundary walls formed in part by angularly extending fluid flow tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6038504A (en) 1985-02-28
PL248166A1 (en) 1985-02-13
JPH0454841B2 (en) 1992-09-01
EP0133453A2 (en) 1985-02-27
DE3473025D1 (en) 1988-09-01
EP0133453A3 (en) 1985-12-18
CA1247480A (en) 1988-12-28
US4524727A (en) 1985-06-25
PL143769B1 (en) 1988-03-31

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