EP0064092A1 - Fluidized-bed steam generator - Google Patents

Fluidized-bed steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064092A1
EP0064092A1 EP81103556A EP81103556A EP0064092A1 EP 0064092 A1 EP0064092 A1 EP 0064092A1 EP 81103556 A EP81103556 A EP 81103556A EP 81103556 A EP81103556 A EP 81103556A EP 0064092 A1 EP0064092 A1 EP 0064092A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
steam generator
combustion chamber
generator according
legs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81103556A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0064092B1 (en
Inventor
Anton Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Priority to AT81103556T priority Critical patent/ATE7071T1/en
Publication of EP0064092A1 publication Critical patent/EP0064092A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0064092B1 publication Critical patent/EP0064092B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
    • F22B31/0038—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions with tubes in the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/202—Suspension and securing arrangements for contact heating surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator with fluidized bed combustion according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a steam generator is known from EP-OS 0017 657, and the gas-conducting heating tubes arranged in the fluidized bed are designed as tube coils that are bent back and forth. It has been shown that during operation in these serpentine heater tubes, in particular when starting up and shutting down, inadmissibly high voltages which can be attributed to uneven thermal expansion can occur, which the tubes cannot withstand in the long run.
  • the vertical legs Because of their short length, the vertical legs have only a slight difference in elongation compared to the combustion chamber wall; the long horizontal legs can therefore be easily supported.
  • the vertical legs bend, although they are short, by changing the length of the long legs in a still permissible frame. Since they carry their own weight, they do not have to be supported; on the contrary, they still bear part of the weight of the horizontal legs.
  • the horizontal legs of the heater tubes are supported very simply and reliably by cooled support tubes according to claim 3.
  • Claim 5 specifies a solution in which minimal expansion differences occur between the support tubes and the combustion chamber wall.
  • Claim 6 teaches a particularly simple arrangement of T tubes, in which these tubes can form switched evaporator tubes of the steam generator in natural circulation.
  • the support tubes can be firmly connected to the horizontal legs of the heater tubes, so that no sliding friction leading to wear and tear occurs at the support points.
  • the support tubes are expediently cooled here in a forced pass. Instead of easier U -tubes could be forked in the area of the deflection, so that a downpipe would communicate with several risers. Instead of a downpipe, a slightly rising expansion loop could also be attached so that the support tubes could be drained when the steam generator was shut down.
  • a lateral buckling of the heater tubes is avoided by the features according to claim 11.
  • the vertical limbs of the heater tubes are advantageous to arrange the vertical limbs of the heater tubes according to claim 12 as an entry leg.
  • the thermal expansion of the vertical legs remains closer to the thermal expansion of the combustion chamber wall; the distance between the heater tube crowns and the adjacent support points of the horizontal legs can thereby be selected to be shorter, so that the bending stresses in the area between the respective crown and the first support of the relevant horizontal leg are reduced.
  • the lower temperature of the vertical legs allows higher bending stresses in these.
  • combustion chamber 1 has a combustion chamber 1 with a rectangular outline, which is delimited by a front wall 2, a rear wall 3 and two side walls 4 and 5.
  • the base of the combustion chamber is formed by a bottom 6.
  • the walls 2 and 3 of the combustion chamber 1 are connected gas-tight directly to walls 10 and 11 of a gas flue 14, whereas the walls 4 and 5 are gas-tightly connected to walls 12 and 13 of the gas flue via two inclined connecting wall surfaces 8 and 9, respectively.
  • the walls 2 to 5 of the combustion chamber 1, the A n gleichwand vom 8 and 9 and the walls 10 to 13 of the throttle cable 14 are formed from each other tightly welded tubes.
  • a main distributor 16 runs in the middle below the bottom 6 of the combustion chamber 1 and has two downpipes 17 and 18 from a drum 20 with water from almost saturated.
  • Auptverteilers at the ends of this H 16 is at the foot of the side walls 4 and a depending side wall connected distributor 5 22 and 23rd
  • the tubes 7 of the side walls 4 and 5 of the combustion chamber, of the connecting wall surfaces 8 and 9 and of the side walls 12 and 13 of the throttle cable 14 extend from the two side wall distributors and open into side wall collectors 27 and 28.
  • twelve curved connecting pipes 29 lead in pairs six support tube distributors 30, 30 ', 30 "located in the base 6.
  • Bottom tubes 32 are arranged between two support tube distributors 30 and between the side wall distributor 22 and 23 and the adjacent support tube distributor 30' and 30", which together and with the adjacent distributors 30 , 30 ', 30 "and 22, 23 are connected via passages 33 leaving free webs 34.
  • the bottom tubes 32 open into those tubes 7 which form the front wall 2 and the rear wall 3 of the combustion chamber. These tubes 7 sit in the walls 10 and 11 of the throttle cable and lead into a front collector 40 or rear collector 41; these two collectors are connected to the side wall collectors 27 and 28, vo n which the collector 27 is connected to the drum 20.
  • the bottom pipes 32 are each connected to the main distributor 16 via a K-piece 42 and two pipe bends 43 (FIG. 4).
  • support tubes 46 branch off from the support tube distributors 30 at equal distances from one another or from the front and rear wall 2. 3.
  • These tubes 46 lead vertically upwards and open in the gas cable 14 in support tube collectors 48, which are connected to the drum 20 via transverse collectors 49 and 50 located outside the cable 14 and two connecting lines 51.
  • the two outermost support tube distributors 30 'and 30 "lie below the connection wall surfaces 8 and 9.
  • the support tubes 46 emanating from them open, as shown in FIG. 1 on the right, in a tube 7 of the connection wall surface 9 from the top, the tubes 7 have a larger cross section than the other tubes 7 of the side walls 4, 5, 12, 13.
  • L-shaped heater tubes 52 and 53 extend in vertical planes, which originate from distributors 54 and 55 and open into collectors 56 and 57, respectively.
  • the heater tubes penetrate the connection wall surfaces 8 and 9 with their short vertical legs 58 and 59 and the side walls 5 and 4 with their long, approximately horizontal legs 60 and 61.
  • At least one of the tubes 7 of the side walls is at the penetration points 4,5 and the connecting panels 8,9 bent out of the wall level in the usual way. Appropriately welded bars ensure the tightness of the walls at the penetration points.
  • the heating tubes 52 and 53 are slidably supported at five points of its long leg 60 or 61 via U-shaped carrying loops 62 at the support pipes 46 (FIG. 3).
  • the support tubes 46 are symmetrical to their axis by carrying loops.
  • An air box 63 is provided below the combustion chamber floor 6. It consists of a trough plate 64 of rectangular outline, which is connected to the periphery of the combustion chamber base 6 in a gas-tight manner via expansion elements 65. Such an expansion element is shown for example in CH-PS 463 539.
  • the air box 63 thus formed is connected via a nozzle 67 to a combustion air source, not shown.
  • a superheater tube bundle 70 is arranged above the combustion chamber 1, the upper end of which is connected to the steam chamber of the drum 20 via a distributor 72 and two connecting lines 71 and the lower end is connected to a Friscl steam line 80 via a collector 79 is.
  • ear bundle 70 Above the superheater: ear bundle 70, there is an economizer tube bundle 74 in the throttle cable 14 provided that is connected via a distributor 75 to a feed line 76.
  • the outlet of the economiser tube bundle 74 is formed by a collector 77, which is connected via a line 78 to the water space of the drum 20.
  • a gas duct 39 leading to an air preheater (not shown) is connected to the collectors 27, 28, 40 and 41 which are arranged at the upper end of the throttle cable 14 and form a ring collector.
  • the steam generator is supplied with air via the nozzle 67 of the air box 63.
  • the air rises through the passage openings 33 provided in the combustion chamber floor 6, which can be designed, for example, according to EP-OS 0019 652, and through the fluidized layer of coal, lime and slag particles lying above. Due to the contact of the glowing coal particles and the intense turbulence of the combustion gases, a very good heat transfer is achieved on the heating pipes 52 and 53.
  • the heater tubes can therefore also contain catalytes or be coated on the inside with such.
  • the heater tubes 52 and 53 can also be connected in series instead of in parallel, e.g. the collector 56 is connected to the distributor 55.
  • feed water is fed to the steam generator via the feed line 76. This is preheated to almost evaporation temperature in the economiser tube bundle 74 and introduced into the drum 20.
  • water passes from the drum 20 into the main distributor 16 below the floor 6.
  • a first part of the water flows via the side wall distributors 22 and 23 into the pipes 7 of the side walls 4 and 5 and then arrives as Steam / water mixture via the side wall collectors 27 and 28 into the drum 20.
  • a second part of the water flows from the main manifold 16 via the pipe bends 43, the K-pieces 42 and the bottom pipes 32 into the pipes 7 of the front and rear walls 2 and 3.
  • Saturated steam from the steam chamber of the drum 20 then flows via the two connecting lines 71 into the superheater tube bundle 70, from which it reaches the live steam line 80 as superheated steam, which leads to a consumer (not shown).
  • the steam generator described can be a plant according to the EP-OS 0017 657 form part, wherein the working medium is fed as a gas turbine in the heater tubes 52 and 53, air is heated, for example, 400 ° C to 800 0 C.
  • the relatively high temperature of the air in the horizontal, long legs 60 and 61 of the heater tubes 52, 53 has the consequence that these legs expand relatively strongly during operation. They slide in the U-shaped loops 62, and it may be expedient to provide the inside of the loops 62 and / or the outside of the legs 60, 61 in the region of the sliding points with a means which prevents or reduces wear.
  • the agent can be applied, for example, by plasma spraying.
  • the vertical legs 58 and 59 of the heater tubes 52, 53 assume considerably lower temperatures than the horizontal ones Leg, because they are flowed through by colder air on the one hand and on the other hand is only partially heated by flue gas, which results in a lower heat transfer on the heating medium side. Accordingly, the vertices between the short and long legs move almost only in the horizontal direction relative to the tubes of the side walls 4, 5. Since approximately the same temperatures occur in these tubes as in the support tubes 46, the support points of the heating tubes 52, 53 remain at approximately the same height relative to the penetration points. The suspension of the heater tubes can therefore be described as ideal.
  • heating tubes 52 and 53 are supported on the support tubes 46, on both sides at the same heights, which originate from the same distributor 54 or 55 and lead into the same collector 56 or 57.
  • Five such support tubes together with twelve heater tubes 52 or 53 attached to them form a tube sheet.
  • Successive tube sheets are alternately arranged in the combustion chamber 1 such that the vertical legs 58 of the heater tubes 52 are adjacent to the side wall 4 and the vertical legs 59 of the heater tubes 53 are adjacent to the side wall 5.
  • heating pipes 52 and 53 which are supported on different sides of the same support tube 46, to the distributors 54 and 55 and the collectors 56 and 57 in such a way that the heating pipes are connected on one side to the distributor 54 and the collector 56 and the other side of the heater tubes are connected to manifold 55 and header 57; the frictional forces acting on the support tubes 46 during the expansion process are thus essentially compensated for and have an effect only in torques which are easier to control.
  • the support tubes can also 5, 6, for example, to design the support tubes as a pendulum, which means that they are fed via flexible tubes, for example via downpipes.
  • the support tubes can form simple U-tube loops or the loops can be branched; the latter is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • a down pipe 89 which carries twelve heater pipes 52 from the distributor 54, leads to a horizontal pipe 81, from which three riser pipes 83 branch off, which also each carry twelve heater pipes 52 from the distributor 54.
  • the riser pipes 83 lead into the support pipe collector 48.
  • a down pipe 85 is arranged, from which twelve heater pipes 53 are carried out of the distributor 55 and which leads to three riser pipes 87 via a horizontal pipe 86 which are each supported by twelve heater tubes 53 from the distributor 55.
  • the support tubes 89, 83 and 85, 87 can perform opposite pendulum movements corresponding to the elongations of the long legs 60 and 61, respectively. Signs of friction are thus avoided.
  • the support tube collectors 48 are arranged between the economizer tube bundle 74 and the superheater tube bundle 70, they can also — as FIG. 5 shows — be arranged in the region of the superheater or even below it. In the latter case, it may be advisable to support these low-hanging support tube collectors from a few higher support tubes from higher-hanging collectors. This support can also be done from sloping draft tubes from high points on the throttle cable walls.
  • the heater tubes 52 and 53 are attached to the support tubes 89, 83 and 85, 87 in a staggered arrangement.
  • the steam generator contains, inter alia, means for introducing the preferably granular fuel and optionally additives in order to form the fluidized bed and / or to bind pollutants, e.g. Lime to bind sulfur. It also has means for discharging and / or recirculating fuel, additives and / or recirculation products, which means are also not shown here.
  • pollutants e.g. Lime to bind sulfur.
  • discharging and / or recirculating fuel, additives and / or recirculation products which means are also not shown here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

Die Wirbelschicht befindet sich in einer aus dicht verschweissten Verdampferrohren (7) gebildeten, in einen Gaszug (14) mündenden Brennkammer (1). Die Brennkammer (1) ist über zwei geneigte Anschlusswandflächen (8, 9) mit dem einen kleineren Querschnitt als die Brennkammer (1) aufweisenden Gaszug (14) verbunden. Durch die Wirbelschicht verlaufen Erhitzerrohre (52, 53), die L-förmig gebogen sind. Jewels der eine, kürzere Schenkel (58, 59) der Erhitzerrohre (52, 53) verläuft etwa vertikal und der andere, längere Schenkel (60, 61) etwa horizontal. Die horizontalen Schenkel (60, 61) durchdringen eine etwa vertikale Brennkammerwand (4, 5) im Höhenbereich der Wirbelschicht und die vertikalen Schenkel (58, 59) die freie Oberfläche der Wirbelschicht unterhalb der Anschlusswandfläche (8, 9). Die Erhitzerrohre (52, 53) sind an einem ausserhalb der Brennkammer (1) angeordneten Verteiler (54, 56) und an einem Sammler (55, 57) angeschlossen. Durch diese Anordnung der Erhitzerrohre bleiben die durch ungleiche Wärmedehnung der Erhitzerrohre bedingten Spannungen in diesen Rohren im zulässigen Rahmen.The fluidized bed is located in a combustion chamber (1) formed from tightly welded evaporator tubes (7) and opening into a gas flue (14). The combustion chamber (1) is connected via two inclined connecting wall surfaces (8, 9) to the gas duct (14) having a smaller cross section than the combustion chamber (1). Heater tubes (52, 53), which are bent in an L-shape, run through the fluidized bed. Each one of the shorter legs (58, 59) of the heater tubes (52, 53) runs approximately vertically and the other, longer leg (60, 61) approximately horizontally. The horizontal legs (60, 61) penetrate an approximately vertical combustion chamber wall (4, 5) in the height region of the fluidized bed and the vertical legs (58, 59) penetrate the free surface of the fluidized bed below the connecting wall surface (8, 9). The heater tubes (52, 53) are connected to a distributor (54, 56) arranged outside the combustion chamber (1) and to a collector (55, 57). This arrangement of the heater tubes means that the stresses in these tubes caused by uneven thermal expansion of the heater tubes remain within the permissible range.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger mit Wirbelschichtfeuerung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a steam generator with fluidized bed combustion according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solcher Dampferzeuger ist aus der EP-OS 0017 657 bekannt,und die ein Gas führenden, in der Wirbelschicht angeordneten Erhitzerrohre sind als hin- und hergebogene Rohrschlangen ausgebildet. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass im Betrieb in diesen schlangenförmigen Erhitzerrohren, insbesondere beim An- und Abfahren, unzulässig hohe, auf ungleiche Wärmedehnung zurückzuführende Spannungen auftreten können, denen die Rohre auf die Dauer nicht gewachsen sind.Such a steam generator is known from EP-OS 0017 657, and the gas-conducting heating tubes arranged in the fluidized bed are designed as tube coils that are bent back and forth. It has been shown that during operation in these serpentine heater tubes, in particular when starting up and shutting down, inadmissibly high voltages which can be attributed to uneven thermal expansion can occur, which the tubes cannot withstand in the long run.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Erhitzerrohranordnung für einen Dampferzeuger der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der die durch ungleiche Wärmedehnung hervorgerufenen Spannungen im zulässigen Rahmen bleiben.It is an object of the invention to provide a heater tube arrangement for a steam generator of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the stresses caused by uneven thermal expansion remain within the permissible range.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale nach dem Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die vertikalen Schenkel haben wegen ihrer geringen Länge einen nur geringen Dehnungsunterschied gegenüber der Brennkammerwand; die langen horizontalen Schenkel lassen sich daher problemlos abstützen. Die vertikalen Schenkel biegen sich, obwohl sie kurz sind, unter einer Längenänderung der langen Schenkel in noch durchaus zulässigem Rahmen aus. Da sie ihr Eigengewicht selbst tragen, müssen sie nicht abgestützt werden; sie tragen vielmehr noch einen Teil des Gewichts der horizontalen Schenkel.This object is achieved by the features according to the characterizing part of claim 1. Because of their short length, the vertical legs have only a slight difference in elongation compared to the combustion chamber wall; the long horizontal legs can therefore be easily supported. The vertical legs bend, although they are short, by changing the length of the long legs in a still permissible frame. Since they carry their own weight, they do not have to be supported; on the contrary, they still bear part of the weight of the horizontal legs.

Besonders günstig und rechnerisch klar sind die Werkstoffspannungen in den Erhitzerrohren bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung, die gemäss Anspruch 2 ausgebildet ist.The material stresses in the heater tubes in a further development of the invention, which is designed according to claim 2, are particularly cheap and mathematically clear.

Sehr einfach und zuverlässig geschieht die Abstützung der horizontalen Schenkel der Erhitzerrohre durch gekühlte Tragrohre gemäss Anspruch 3.The horizontal legs of the heater tubes are supported very simply and reliably by cooled support tubes according to claim 3.

Die Befestigung dieser Tragrohre nach Anspruch 4 erlaubt es, besondere Tragbalken einzusparen.The attachment of these support tubes according to claim 4 makes it possible to save special support beams.

Anspruch 5 gibt eine Lösung an, bei der minimale Dehnungsunterschiede zwischen den Tragrohren und der Brennkammerwand auftreten.Claim 5 specifies a solution in which minimal expansion differences occur between the support tubes and the combustion chamber wall.

Anspruch 6 lehrt eine besonders einfache Anordnung von Tragrohren, bei der diese Rohre im Naturumlauf geschaltete Verdampferrohre des Dampferzeugers bilden können.Claim 6 teaches a particularly simple arrangement of T tubes, in which these tubes can form switched evaporator tubes of the steam generator in natural circulation.

Nach Anspruch 7 können die Tragrohre mit den horizontalen Schenkeln der Erhitzerrohre fest verbunden sein, sodass an den Tragstellen keine zu Abnützungserscheinungen führende Gleitreibung auftritt. Die Tragrohre werden hier zweckmässig im Zwangdurchlauf gekühlt. Anstelle einfacher U-Rohre könnten die U-Rohre im Bereich der Umlenkung aufgegabelt sein, sodass ein Fallrohr mit mehreren Steigrohren kommunizieren würde. Statt eines Fallrohrs liesse sich auch eine leicht ansteigende Dehnschlaufe anbringen, sodass die Tragrohre beim Abfahren des Dampferzeugers entwässert werden könnten.According to claim 7, the support tubes can be firmly connected to the horizontal legs of the heater tubes, so that no sliding friction leading to wear and tear occurs at the support points. The support tubes are expediently cooled here in a forced pass. Instead of easier U -tubes could be forked in the area of the deflection, so that a downpipe would communicate with several risers. Instead of a downpipe, a slightly rising expansion loop could also be attached so that the support tubes could be drained when the steam generator was shut down.

Bei der Lösung nach Anspruch 8 kann auf ausserhalb des Dampferzeugers verlaufende Erhitzerrohr-Tragrohre verzichtet werden.In the case of the solution according to claim 8, there is no need for heater tube support tubes extending outside the steam generator.

Durch die Anordnung nach Anspruch 9 und 10 ergeben sich erhebliche Vereinfachungen der Konstruktion, weil die Durchdringungen der Erhitzerrohre durch die Brennkammerwand und die Anschlusswandflächen weniger dicht verteilt sind und Verteiler und Sammler für die Erhitzerrohre mit einem kleineren Durchmesser ausgebildet werden können.The arrangement according to claims 9 and 10 results in considerable simplifications of the construction because the penetrations of the heater tubes through the combustion chamber wall and the connecting wall surfaces are less densely distributed and distributors and collectors for the heater tubes can be designed with a smaller diameter.

Durch die Merkmale nach Anspruch 11 wird ein seitliches Ausknicken der Erhitzerrohre vermieden.A lateral buckling of the heater tubes is avoided by the features according to claim 11.

Wird in den Erhitzerrohren, wie das bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fall ist, Luft von etwa 400oC auf etwa 800°C erwärmt, so ist es von Vorteil, die vertikalen Schenkel der Erhitzerrohre entsprechend Anspruch 12 als Eintrittsschenkel anzuordnen. Die Wärmedehnung der vertikalen Schenkel bleibt dadurch näher an der Wärmedehnung der Brennkammerwand; der Abstand zwischen den Erhitzerrohrscheiteln und den diesen benachbarten Abstützpunkten der horizontalen Schenkel kann dadurch kürzer gewählt werden, sodass die Biegespannungen im Bereich zwischen jeweils dem Scheitel und der ersten Abstützung des betreffenden horizontalen Schenkels verkleinert werden. Ueberdies lässt die tiefere Temperatur der vertikalen Schenkel in diesen höhere Biegespannungen zu.Is in the heating tubes, such that in one embodiment is the case, air is heated from about 400 o C to about 800 ° C, so it is advantageous to arrange the vertical limbs of the heater tubes according to claim 12 as an entry leg. The thermal expansion of the vertical legs remains closer to the thermal expansion of the combustion chamber wall; the distance between the heater tube crowns and the adjacent support points of the horizontal legs can thereby be selected to be shorter, so that the bending stresses in the area between the respective crown and the first support of the relevant horizontal leg are reduced. In addition, the lower temperature of the vertical legs allows higher bending stresses in these.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemässen Dampferzeuger der Naturumlauf-Bauart,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach dem Linienzug II - II in Fig. l,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt nach der Linie III - III in Fig. 1 in vergrössertem Massstab,
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach Linie IV - IV in Fig. 1 in noch stärker vergrössertem Massstab,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt entsprechend Fig. 2 durch einen Dampferzeuger mit Zwangumlauf des Arbeitsmittels in den Tragrohren und
  • Fig. 6 einen Horizontalschnitt durch das Tragrohrsystem von Fig. 5 nach der Linie VI - VI.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 is a vertical section through an inventive steam generator of the natural circulation type,
  • 2 shows a section along the line II - II in FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section along the line III - III in FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,
  • 4 shows a section along line IV-IV in FIG. 1 on an even larger scale,
  • Fig. 5 shows a section corresponding to Fig. 2 by a steam generator with forced circulation of the working fluid in the support tubes and
  • Fig. 6 is a horizontal section through the support tube system of Fig. 5 along the line VI - VI.

Der Dampferzeuger nach Fig. 1 weist eine Brennkammer 1 mit rechteckigem Grundriss auf, der von einer Vorderwand 2, einer Rückwand 3 und zwei Seitenwänden 4 und 5 begrenzt ist. Die Grundfläche der Brennkammer wird von einem Boden 6 gebildet. Die Wände 2 und 3 der Brennkammer 1 sind direkt mit Wänden 10 und 11 eines Gaszuges 14 gasdicht verbunden, wogegen die Wände 4 und 5 über zwei geneigte Anschlusswandflächen 8 bzw. 9 mit Wänden 12 und 13 des Gaszuges gasdicht verbunden sind. Die Wände 2 bis 5 der Brennkammer 1, die Anschlusswandflächen 8 und 9 und die Wände 10 bis 13 des Gaszuges 14 sind aus miteinander dicht verschweissten Rohren 7 gebildet. Unterhalb des Bodens 6 der Brennkammer 1 verläuft mittig ein Hauptverteiler 16, der über zwei Falleitungen 17 und 18 aus einer Trommel 20 mit Wasser von nahezu Sattzustand versorgt wird. An den Enden dieses Hauptverteilers 16 ist am Fuss der Seitenwände 4 und 5 je ein Seitenwandverteiler 22 bzw. 23 angeschlossen. Von den beiden Seitenwandverteilern gehen die Rohre 7 der Seitenwände 4 und 5 der Brennkammer, der Anschlusswandflächen 8 und 9 und der Seitenwände 12 und 13 des Gaszuges 14 aus und münden in Seitenwandsammler 27 bzw. 28. Vom Hauptverteiler 16 führen paarweise zwölf gekrümmte Verbindungsrohre 29 zu sechs im Boden 6 befindlichen Tragrohrverteilern 30,30',30". Zwischen jeweils zwei Tragrohrverteilern 30 sowie zwischen dem Seitenwandverteiler 22 bzw. 23 und dem benachbarten Tragrohrverteiler 30' bzw. 30" sind Bodenrohre 32 angeordnet, die miteinander und mit den benachbarten Verteilern 30,30',30" und 22,23 über Durchtrittsöffnungen 33 freilassende Stege 34 verbunden sind. Die Bodenrohre 32 münden in diejenigen Rohre 7, die die Vorderwand 2 und die Rückwand 3 der Brennkammer bilden. Diese Rohre 7 setzen sich in den Wänden 10 und 11 des Gaszuges fort und münden in einen vorderen Sammler 40 bzw. hinteren Sammler 41; diese beiden Sammler sind mit den Seitenwandsammlern 27 und 28 verbunden, von denen der Sammler 27 mit der Trommel 20 verbunden ist. Die Bodenrohre 32 sind über je ein K-Stück 42 und zwei Rohrbögen 43.mit dem Hauptverteiler 16 verbunden (Fig. 4). Von den Tragrohrverteilern 30 zweigen, wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, in gleichen Abständen voneinander bzw. von der Vorder- und der Rückwand 2,3 Tragrohre 46 ab. Diese Rohre 46 führen senkrecht nach oben und münden im Gaszug 14 in Tragrohrsammler 48, die über ausserhalb des Zuges 14 befindliche Quersammler 49 und 50 und zwei Verbindungsleitungen 51 mit der Trommel 20 verbunden sind. Die zwei äussersten Tragrohrverteiler 30' und 30" liegen unterhalb der Anschlusswandflächen 8 und 9. Die von ihnen ausgehenden Tragrohre 46 münden, wie dies in Fig. 1 rechts dargestellt ist, in je ein Rohr 7 der Anschlusswandfläche 9. Von der Einmündung des betreffenden Tragrohres aus nach oben weisen die Rohre 7 einen grösseren Querschnitt auf als die übrigen Rohre 7 der Seitenwände 4,5,12,13.1 has a combustion chamber 1 with a rectangular outline, which is delimited by a front wall 2, a rear wall 3 and two side walls 4 and 5. The base of the combustion chamber is formed by a bottom 6. The walls 2 and 3 of the combustion chamber 1 are connected gas-tight directly to walls 10 and 11 of a gas flue 14, whereas the walls 4 and 5 are gas-tightly connected to walls 12 and 13 of the gas flue via two inclined connecting wall surfaces 8 and 9, respectively. The walls 2 to 5 of the combustion chamber 1, the A nschlusswandflächen 8 and 9 and the walls 10 to 13 of the throttle cable 14 are formed from each other tightly welded tubes. 7 A main distributor 16 runs in the middle below the bottom 6 of the combustion chamber 1 and has two downpipes 17 and 18 from a drum 20 with water from almost saturated. Auptverteilers at the ends of this H 16 is at the foot of the side walls 4 and a depending side wall connected distributor 5 22 and 23rd The tubes 7 of the side walls 4 and 5 of the combustion chamber, of the connecting wall surfaces 8 and 9 and of the side walls 12 and 13 of the throttle cable 14 extend from the two side wall distributors and open into side wall collectors 27 and 28. From the main distributor 16, twelve curved connecting pipes 29 lead in pairs six support tube distributors 30, 30 ', 30 "located in the base 6. Bottom tubes 32 are arranged between two support tube distributors 30 and between the side wall distributor 22 and 23 and the adjacent support tube distributor 30' and 30", which together and with the adjacent distributors 30 , 30 ', 30 "and 22, 23 are connected via passages 33 leaving free webs 34. The bottom tubes 32 open into those tubes 7 which form the front wall 2 and the rear wall 3 of the combustion chamber. These tubes 7 sit in the walls 10 and 11 of the throttle cable and lead into a front collector 40 or rear collector 41; these two collectors are connected to the side wall collectors 27 and 28, vo n which the collector 27 is connected to the drum 20. The bottom pipes 32 are each connected to the main distributor 16 via a K-piece 42 and two pipe bends 43 (FIG. 4). As can be seen from FIG. 2, support tubes 46 branch off from the support tube distributors 30 at equal distances from one another or from the front and rear wall 2. 3. These tubes 46 lead vertically upwards and open in the gas cable 14 in support tube collectors 48, which are connected to the drum 20 via transverse collectors 49 and 50 located outside the cable 14 and two connecting lines 51. The two outermost support tube distributors 30 'and 30 "lie below the connection wall surfaces 8 and 9. The support tubes 46 emanating from them open, as shown in FIG. 1 on the right, in a tube 7 of the connection wall surface 9 from the top, the tubes 7 have a larger cross section than the other tubes 7 of the side walls 4, 5, 12, 13.

In der so gebildeten und von vertikalen Tragrohren 46 durchsetzten Brennkammer 1 erstrecken sich in vertikalen Ebenen L-förmig gebogene Erhitzerrohre 52 und 53, die von Verteilern 54 bzw. 55 ausgehen und in Sammler 56 bzw. 57 münden. Die Erhitzerrohre durchdringen dabei mit ihren kurzen vertikalen Schenkeln 58 bzw. 59 die Anschlusswandflächen 8 bzw. 9 und mit ihren langen, etwa horizontalen Schenkeln 60 bzw. 61 die Seitenwände 5 bzw. 4. An den Durchdringungsstellen ist jeweils mindestens eines der Rohre 7 der Seitenwände 4,5 und der Anschlusswandflächen 8,9 auf übliche Weise aus der Wandebene herausgebogen. Passend eingeschweisste Stege stellen an den Durchdringungsstellen die Dichtheit der Wände sicher.In the combustion chamber 1 thus formed and penetrated by vertical support tubes 46, L-shaped heater tubes 52 and 53 extend in vertical planes, which originate from distributors 54 and 55 and open into collectors 56 and 57, respectively. The heater tubes penetrate the connection wall surfaces 8 and 9 with their short vertical legs 58 and 59 and the side walls 5 and 4 with their long, approximately horizontal legs 60 and 61. At least one of the tubes 7 of the side walls is at the penetration points 4,5 and the connecting panels 8,9 bent out of the wall level in the usual way. Appropriately welded bars ensure the tightness of the walls at the penetration points.

Die Erhitzerrohre 52 und 53 sind an jeweils fünf Stellen ihrer langen Schenkel 60 bzw. 61 über U-förmige Tragschlaufen 62 an den Tragrohren 46 verschiebbar abgestützt (Fig. 3). Die Tragrohre 46 sind dabei symmetrisch zu ihrer Achse durch Tragschlaufen belegt.The heating tubes 52 and 53 are slidably supported at five points of its long leg 60 or 61 via U-shaped carrying loops 62 at the support pipes 46 (FIG. 3). The support tubes 46 are symmetrical to their axis by carrying loops.

Unterhalb des Brennkammerbodens 6 ist ein Luftkasten 63 vorgesehen. Er besteht aus einem Wannenblech 64 rechteckigen Umrisses, das über Dehnelemente 65 mit dem Umfang des Brennkammerbodens 6 gasdicht verbunden ist. Ein solches Dehnelement ist beispielsweise in der CH-PS 463 539 dargestellt. Der so gebildete Luftkasten 63 ist über einen Stutzen 67 mit einer nicht gezeichneten Verbrennungsluftquelle verbunden.An air box 63 is provided below the combustion chamber floor 6. It consists of a trough plate 64 of rectangular outline, which is connected to the periphery of the combustion chamber base 6 in a gas-tight manner via expansion elements 65. Such an expansion element is shown for example in CH-PS 463 539. The air box 63 thus formed is connected via a nozzle 67 to a combustion air source, not shown.

Im Gaszug 14 ist oberhalb der Brennkammer 1 ein Ueberhitzerrohrbündel 70 angeordnet, das mit seinem oberen Ende über einen Verteiler 72 und zwei Verbindungsleitungen 71 am Dampfraum der Trommel 20 angeschlossen ist und das an einem unteren Ende über einen Sammler 79 mit einer Friscl-dampfleitung 80 verbunden ist. Oberhalb des Ueberhitzer:-ohr- bündels 70 ist im Gaszug 14 ein Economiserrohrbündel 74 vorgesehen, das über einen Verteiler 75 mit einer Speiseleitung 76 verbunden ist. Den Austritt des Economiserrohrbündels 74 bildet ein Sammler 77, der über eine Leitung 78 an den Wasserraum der Trommel 20 angeschlossen ist. An den am oberen Ende des Gaszuges 14 angeordneten und einen Ringkollektor bildenden Sammlern 27, 28, 40 und 41 ist über einen Blechtrichter 38 ein zu einem nicht gezeichneten Luftvorwärmer führender Gaskanal 39 angeschlossen.In the throttle cable 14, a superheater tube bundle 70 is arranged above the combustion chamber 1, the upper end of which is connected to the steam chamber of the drum 20 via a distributor 72 and two connecting lines 71 and the lower end is connected to a Friscl steam line 80 via a collector 79 is. Above the superheater: ear bundle 70, there is an economizer tube bundle 74 in the throttle cable 14 provided that is connected via a distributor 75 to a feed line 76. The outlet of the economiser tube bundle 74 is formed by a collector 77, which is connected via a line 78 to the water space of the drum 20. A gas duct 39 leading to an air preheater (not shown) is connected to the collectors 27, 28, 40 and 41 which are arranged at the upper end of the throttle cable 14 and form a ring collector.

Der Dampferzeuger wird über den Stutzen 67 des Luftkastens 63 mit Luft versorgt. Die Luft steigt durch die im Brennkammerboden 6 vorgesehenen Durchtrittsöffnungen 33, die beispielsweise nach der EP-OS 0019 652 ausgebildet sein können, und durch die darüberliegende fluidisierte Schicht aus Kohle-, Kalk- und Schlacketeilchen auf. Durch den Kontakt der glühenden Kohleteilchen und die intensive Turbulenz der Verbrennungsgase wird an den Erhitzerrohren 52 und 53 ein sehr guter Wärmeübergang erzielt. In den Erhitzerrohren strömt ein Drittmedium, vorzugsweise Luft. Es kann aber auch ein Medium sein, in dem ein chemischer Prozess sich abspielt. Die Erhitzerrohre können daher auch Katalyten enthalten oder innen mit solchen beschichtet sein. Selbstverständlich lassen sich die Erhitzerrohre 52 und 53 statt parallel auch in Serie schalten, indem z.B. der Sammler 56 mit dem Verteiler 55 verbunden wird.The steam generator is supplied with air via the nozzle 67 of the air box 63. The air rises through the passage openings 33 provided in the combustion chamber floor 6, which can be designed, for example, according to EP-OS 0019 652, and through the fluidized layer of coal, lime and slag particles lying above. Due to the contact of the glowing coal particles and the intense turbulence of the combustion gases, a very good heat transfer is achieved on the heating pipes 52 and 53. A third medium, preferably air, flows in the heater tubes. But it can also be a medium in which a chemical process takes place. The heater tubes can therefore also contain catalytes or be coated on the inside with such. Of course, the heater tubes 52 and 53 can also be connected in series instead of in parallel, e.g. the collector 56 is connected to the distributor 55.

Im Betrieb wird dem Dampferzeuger über die Speiseleitung 76 Speisewasser zugeführt. Dieses wird im Economiserrohrbündel 74 auf nahezu Verdampfungstemperatur vorgewärmt und in die Trommel 20 eingeführt. Ueber die Fallrohre 17 und 18 gelangt Wasser aus der Trommel 20 in den Hauptverteiler 16 unterhalb des Bodens 6. Aus dem Verteiler 16 strömt ein erster Teil des Wassers über die Seitenwandverteiler 22 und 23 in die Rohre 7 der Seitenwände 4 und 5 und gelangt dann als Dampf/Wasser-Gemisch über die Seitenwandsammler 27 und 28 in die Trommel 20. Ein zweiter Teil des Wassers strömt aus dem Hauptverteiler 16 über die Rohrbögen 43, die K-Stücke 42 und die Bodenrohre 32 in die Rohre 7 der Vorder- und der Rückwand 2 und 3. Von dort strömt das Wasser einerseits über den schrägen Aussenkanten der Anschlusswandflächen 8 und 9 entlang angeordnete, nicht dargestellte Sammler und ebenfalls nicht dargestellte Steigleitungen und anderseits als Dampf/Wasser-Gemisch über die Sammler 40 und 41 in die Trommel 20 zurück. Ein dritter Teil des Wassers strömt aus dem Hauptverteiler 16 in die Tragrohre 46. Das in diesen entstehende Dampf/Wasser-Gemisch gelangt über die Tragrohrsammler 48, die Quersammler 49, 50 und die beiden Verbindungsleitungen 51 in die Trommel 20.In operation, feed water is fed to the steam generator via the feed line 76. This is preheated to almost evaporation temperature in the economiser tube bundle 74 and introduced into the drum 20. Via the downpipes 17 and 18, water passes from the drum 20 into the main distributor 16 below the floor 6. From the distributor 16, a first part of the water flows via the side wall distributors 22 and 23 into the pipes 7 of the side walls 4 and 5 and then arrives as Steam / water mixture via the side wall collectors 27 and 28 into the drum 20. A second part of the water flows from the main manifold 16 via the pipe bends 43, the K-pieces 42 and the bottom pipes 32 into the pipes 7 of the front and rear walls 2 and 3. From there the water flows on the one hand over the inclined outer edges of the connecting wall surfaces 8 and 9 , not shown collector and also not shown risers and on the other hand as a steam / water mixture via the collectors 40 and 41 back into the drum 20. A third part of the water flows from the main distributor 16 into the support pipes 46. The steam / water mixture formed therein passes through the support pipe collectors 48, the cross collectors 49, 50 and the two connecting lines 51 into the drum 20.

Sattdampf aus dem Dampfraum der Trommel 20 strömt sodann über die beiden Verbindungsleitungen 71 in das Ueberhitzerrohrbündel 70, aus dem er als überhitzter Dampf in die Frischdampfleitung 80 gelangt, die zu einem nicht gezeichneten Verbraucher führt.Saturated steam from the steam chamber of the drum 20 then flows via the two connecting lines 71 into the superheater tube bundle 70, from which it reaches the live steam line 80 as superheated steam, which leads to a consumer (not shown).

Der beschriebene Dampferzeuger kann Bestandteil einer Anlage entsprechend der EP-OS 0017 657 bilden, wobei in den Erhitzerrohren 52 und 53 Luft von beispielsweise 400°C auf 8000C erhitzt wird, die als Arbeitsmittel einer Gasturbine zugeführt wird. Die verhältnismässig hohe Temperatur der Luft in den horizontalen, langen Schenkeln 60 und 61 der Erhitzerrohre 52, 53 hat zur Folge, dass diese Schenkel sich im Betrieb relativ stark dehnen. Sie gleiten dabei in den U-förmigen Schlaufen 62, und es kann zweckmässig sein, die Innenseite der Schlaufen 62 und/oder die Aussenseite der Schenkel 60, 61 im Bereich der Gleitstellen mit einem Mittel zu versehen, das eine Abnützung verhindert oder reduziert. Das Mittel kann beispielsweise durch Plasmaspritzen aufgebracht werden. Die vertikalen Schenkel 58 und 59 der Erhitzerrohre 52, 53 nehmen erheblich geringere Temperaturen an als die horizontalen Schenkel, weil sie einerseits von kälterer Luft durchströmt sind und anderseits teilweise nur von Rauchgas beheizt wird, was heizmediumseitig einen geringeren Wärmeübergang ergibt. Dementsprechend verschieben sich die Scheitelpunkte zwischen den kurzen und den langen Schenkeln relativ zu den Rohren der Seitenwände 4, 5 fast nur in horizontaler Richtung. Da in diesen Rohren etwa'dieselben Temperaturen auftreten wie in den Tragrohren-46, bleiben die Stützpunkte der Erhitzerrohre 52, 53 relativ zu den Durchdringungsstellen etwa auf derselben Höhe. Die Aufhängung der Erhitzerrohre kann somit als ideal bezeichnet werden.The steam generator described can be a plant according to the EP-OS 0017 657 form part, wherein the working medium is fed as a gas turbine in the heater tubes 52 and 53, air is heated, for example, 400 ° C to 800 0 C. The relatively high temperature of the air in the horizontal, long legs 60 and 61 of the heater tubes 52, 53 has the consequence that these legs expand relatively strongly during operation. They slide in the U-shaped loops 62, and it may be expedient to provide the inside of the loops 62 and / or the outside of the legs 60, 61 in the region of the sliding points with a means which prevents or reduces wear. The agent can be applied, for example, by plasma spraying. The vertical legs 58 and 59 of the heater tubes 52, 53 assume considerably lower temperatures than the horizontal ones Leg, because they are flowed through by colder air on the one hand and on the other hand is only partially heated by flue gas, which results in a lower heat transfer on the heating medium side. Accordingly, the vertices between the short and long legs move almost only in the horizontal direction relative to the tubes of the side walls 4, 5. Since approximately the same temperatures occur in these tubes as in the support tubes 46, the support points of the heating tubes 52, 53 remain at approximately the same height relative to the penetration points. The suspension of the heater tubes can therefore be described as ideal.

Nach Fig. 2 sind jeweils an den Tragrohren 46,beidseits auf gleichen Höhen, Erhitzerrohre 52 und 53 abgestützt, die dem selben Verteiler 54 bzw. 55 entspringen und in den selben Sammler 56 bzw. 57 führen. Fünf solcherTragrohre bilden zusammen mit zwölf daran befestigten Erhitzerrohren 52 oder 53 eine Rohrtafel. Aufeinanderfolgende Rohrtafeln sind abwechslungsweise so in der Brennkammer 1 angeordnet, dass die vertikalen Schenkel 58 der Erhitzerrohre 52 der Seitenwand 4 und die vertikalen Schenkel 59 der Erhitzerrohre 53 der Seitenwand 5 benachbart sind.According to FIG. 2, heating tubes 52 and 53 are supported on the support tubes 46, on both sides at the same heights, which originate from the same distributor 54 or 55 and lead into the same collector 56 or 57. Five such support tubes together with twelve heater tubes 52 or 53 attached to them form a tube sheet. Successive tube sheets are alternately arranged in the combustion chamber 1 such that the vertical legs 58 of the heater tubes 52 are adjacent to the side wall 4 and the vertical legs 59 of the heater tubes 53 are adjacent to the side wall 5.

Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, die auf verschiedenen Seiten des selben Tragrohres 46 abgestützten Erhitzerrohre 52 bzw. 53 so an die Verteiler 54 und 55 und die Sammler 56 und 57 anzuschliessen, dass die Erhitzerrohre der einen Seite mit dem Verteiler 54 und dem Sammler 56 und die Erhitzerrohre der anderen Seite mit dem Verteiler 55 und dem Sammler 57 verbunden sind; die beim Dehnungsvorgang an den Tragrohren 46 wirkenden Reibungskräfte kompensieren sich somit im wesentlichen und wirken sich nur in leichter beherrschbaren Drehmomenten aus.It may also be advantageous to connect the heating pipes 52 and 53, which are supported on different sides of the same support tube 46, to the distributors 54 and 55 and the collectors 56 and 57 in such a way that the heating pipes are connected on one side to the distributor 54 and the collector 56 and the other side of the heater tubes are connected to manifold 55 and header 57; the frictional forces acting on the support tubes 46 during the expansion process are thus essentially compensated for and have an effect only in torques which are easier to control.

Um die Wirkung der Reibung zu vermeiden, kann es auch zweckmässig sein, wie beispielsweise in Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellt, die Tragrohre als Pendel auszubilden, was bedingt, dass sie über nachgiebige Rohre, beispielsweise über Fallrohre, gespeist werden. Die Tragrohre können dabei einfache U-Rohr-Schlaufen bilden oder die Schlaufen können verzweigt sein; letzteres ist in Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellt. Dort führt jeweils ein Fallrohr 89, das zwölf Erhitzerrohre 52 aus dem Verteiler 54 trägt, zu einem Horizontalrohr 81, aus dem drei Steigrohre 83 abzweigen, die ebenfalls je zwölf Erhitzerrohre 52 aus dem Verteiler 54 tragen. Die Steigrohre 83 führen in den Tragrohrsammler 48. Parallel zu diesem Tragsystem ist, seitlich um eine Tragrohrteilung versetzt, ein Fallrohr 85 angeordnet, von dem zwölf Erhitzerrohre 53 aus dem Verteiler 55 getragen werden und das über ein Horizontalrohr 86 zu drei Steigrohren 87 führt, an denen ebenfalls je zwölf Erhitzerrohre 53 aus dem Verteiler 55 abgestützt sind. Auf diese Weise können die Tragrohre 89, 83 und 85, 87 den Dehnungen der langen Schenkel 60 bzw. 61 entsprechende, entgegengesetzte Pendelbewegungen aufführen. Reibungserscheinungen werden somit vermieden.To avoid the effects of friction, it can also 5, 6, for example, to design the support tubes as a pendulum, which means that they are fed via flexible tubes, for example via downpipes. The support tubes can form simple U-tube loops or the loops can be branched; the latter is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. There, a down pipe 89, which carries twelve heater pipes 52 from the distributor 54, leads to a horizontal pipe 81, from which three riser pipes 83 branch off, which also each carry twelve heater pipes 52 from the distributor 54. The riser pipes 83 lead into the support pipe collector 48. In parallel to this support system, laterally offset by a support pipe division, a down pipe 85 is arranged, from which twelve heater pipes 53 are carried out of the distributor 55 and which leads to three riser pipes 87 via a horizontal pipe 86 which are each supported by twelve heater tubes 53 from the distributor 55. In this way, the support tubes 89, 83 and 85, 87 can perform opposite pendulum movements corresponding to the elongations of the long legs 60 and 61, respectively. Signs of friction are thus avoided.

Werden die langen Schenkel 60 und 61 entsprechend Fig. 1 an fünf Stellen, jedoch pendelnd aufgehängt, so sind vier solche Tragsystempaare und unter den Anschlusswandflächen 8 und 9 je ein einzelnes Tragsystem vorzusehen.If the long legs 60 and 61 according to FIG. 1 are suspended at five points, but in an oscillating manner, then four such support system pairs and a single support system are to be provided under the connection wall surfaces 8 and 9.

Es kann zweckmässig sein, diese pendelnden Tragsysteme seitlich zu führen, beispielsweise an einem Verdampferrohrgitter oberhalb oder unterhalb der langen Schenkel der Erhitzerrohre oder an im Bereich des Brennkammerbodens 6 befindlichen vertikalen Trennblechen, denen gegebenenfalls gleichzeitig die Rolle zufallen kann, die Brennkammer in Abteile zu unterteilen; eine solche Unterteilung hätte für den Teillastbetrieb Bedeutung.It may be expedient to guide these oscillating support systems laterally, for example on an evaporator tube grate above or below the long legs of the heater tubes or on vertical dividing plates located in the area of the combustion chamber base 6, which, if appropriate, can also play the role of dividing the combustion chamber into compartments; such a subdivision would have significance for part-load operation.

Abweichend von Fig. 2, gemäss der die Tragrohrsammler 48 zwischen dem Economiserrohrbündel 74 und dem Ueberhitzerrohrbündel 70 angeordnet sind, können sie auch - wie Fig. 5 zeigt - im Bereich des Ueberhitzers oder gar darunter angeordnet sein. Im letzteren Fall kann es zweckmässig sein, diese tiefhängenden Tragrohrsammler über wenige Tragrohre von höher hängenden Sammlern aus abzustützen. Diese Abstützung kann aber auch über schräge Zugrohre von hoch gelegenen Punkten der Gaszugwände aus geschehen.2, according to which the support tube collectors 48 are arranged between the economizer tube bundle 74 and the superheater tube bundle 70, they can also — as FIG. 5 shows — be arranged in the region of the superheater or even below it. In the latter case, it may be advisable to support these low-hanging support tube collectors from a few higher support tubes from higher-hanging collectors. This support can also be done from sloping draft tubes from high points on the throttle cable walls.

In Fig. 5 sind die Erhitzerrohre 52 und 53 in versetzter Anordnung an den Tragrohren 89, 83 bzw. 85, 87 befestigt.5, the heater tubes 52 and 53 are attached to the support tubes 89, 83 and 85, 87 in a staggered arrangement.

Die Vorteile des Dampferzeugers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sind auch erreichbar, wenn die Verteiler 54, 55 am Eintritt der Erhitzerrohre 52 bzw. 53 innerhalb der Brennkammer 1 angeordnet werden, d.h. zwischen der freien Wirbelbettfläche und der Anschlusswandfläche 8 bzw. 9. Dadurch kann die Anzahl der Durchdringungen in der zugeordneten Anschlussfläche 8 bzw. 9 erheblich vermindert werden. Nachteilig bei einer solchen Anordnung ist allerdings, dass die Werkstoffspannungen im Bereich der Erhitzerrohranschlüsse weniger klar und der Berechnung weniger gut zugänglich sind als bei der Anordnung gemäss Fig. l.The advantages of the steam generator with the features of claim 1 can also be achieved if the distributors 54, 55 are arranged at the inlet of the heating pipes 52 and 53 within the combustion chamber 1, i.e. between the free fluidized bed surface and the connecting wall surface 8 or 9. As a result, the number of penetrations in the associated connecting surface 8 or 9 can be considerably reduced. A disadvantage of such an arrangement, however, is that the material stresses in the area of the heater pipe connections are less clear and less accessible to the calculation than in the arrangement according to FIG. 1.

Als Kompromiss ist auch das Anbringen von Zwischenverteilern innerhalb der Brennkammer 1 denkbar.The attachment of intermediate distributors within the combustion chamber 1 is also conceivable as a compromise.

Der Dampferzeuger enthält unter anderem Mittel zum Eintragen des vorzugsweise körnigen Brennstoffs und gegebenenfalls von Zuschlagstoffen, um das Wirbelbett zu bilden und/oder Schadstoffe zu binden, z.B. Kalk zum Binden von Schwefel. Er weist ebenfalls Mittel zum Austragen und/oder Rezirkulieren von Brennstoff, Zuschlagstoffen und/oder Rezirkulationsprodukten auf, welche Mittel hier ebenfalls nicht dargestellt sind.The steam generator contains, inter alia, means for introducing the preferably granular fuel and optionally additives in order to form the fluidized bed and / or to bind pollutants, e.g. Lime to bind sulfur. It also has means for discharging and / or recirculating fuel, additives and / or recirculation products, which means are also not shown here.

Claims (12)

1. Dampferzeuger mit Wirbelschichtfeuerung, wobei die Wirbelschicht sich in einer mindestens zonenweise aus dicht verschweissten Verdampferrohren gebildeten, in einen Gaszug mündenden Brennkammer befindet, mit mindestens einem Bündel von in der Wirbelschicht verlaufenden, ein weiteres Medium, vorzugsweise ein Gas, führenden Erhitzerrohren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer über mindestens eine vorzugsweise geneigt angeordnete Anschlusswandfläche mit dem einen kleineren Querschnitt als die Brennkammer aufweisenden Gaszug verbunden ist, dass die Erhitzerrohre L-förmig gebogen sind und jeweils der eine, kürzere Schenkel der Erhitzerrohre etwa vertikal und der andere, längere Schenkel etwa horizontal verläuft, dass die horizontalen Schenkel eine etwa vertikale Brennkammerwand im Höhenbereich der Wirbelschicht und die etwa vertikalen Schenkel die freie Oberfläche der Wirbelschicht unterhalb der Anschlusswandfläche durchdringen und dass die Erhitzerrohre des Bündels ausserhalb der Wirbelschicht an einem Verteiler und an einem Sammler angeschlossen sind.1. steam generator with fluidized bed combustion, the fluidized bed being located in an at least zone-wise formed from tightly welded evaporator tubes, opening into a gas flue, with at least one bundle of heating tubes running in the fluidized bed, another medium, preferably a gas, leading, characterized in that the combustion chamber is connected to the throttle cable with a smaller cross-section than the combustion chamber via at least one preferably arranged inclined wall, that the heater tubes are bent in an L-shape and that the one, shorter leg of the heater tubes is approximately vertical and the other, longer leg is approximately runs horizontally that the horizontal legs penetrate an approximately vertical combustion chamber wall in the height region of the fluidized bed and the approximately vertical legs penetrate the free surface of the fluidized bed below the connecting wall surface and that the heating tubes of the bundle outside of the Fluid bed are connected to a distributor and to a collector. 2. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vertikalen Schenkel der Erhitzerrohre die Anschlusswandfläche oberhalb der Wirbelschicht durchdringen und an dem ausserhalb der Brennkammer angeordneten Verteiler angeschlossen sind.2. Steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical legs of the heating tubes penetrate the connecting wall surface above the fluidized bed and are connected to the distributor arranged outside the combustion chamber. 3. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erhitzerrohre jeweils im Bereich ihrer horizontalen Schenkel an etwa vertikalen, von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Tragrohren aufgehängt sind.3. Steam generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heater tubes are each suspended in the region of their horizontal legs on approximately vertical support tubes through which a cooling medium flows. 4. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragrohre zu im Gaszug angeordneten Sammelrohren geführt sind, die Tragbalken bilden.4. Steam generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the support tubes are guided to manifolds arranged in the gas train, which form support beams. 5. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragrohre Vorwärmer- und/oder Verdampferrohre des Dampferzeugers bilden.5. Steam generator according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the support tubes form preheater and / or evaporator tubes of the steam generator. 6. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragrohre vom Brennkammerboden ausgehen.6. Steam generator according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the support tubes extend from the combustion chamber floor. 7. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragrohre als U-Rohre ausgebildet sind, deren Schenkel oben aufgehängt sind.7. Steam generator according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the support tubes are designed as U-tubes, the legs of which are suspended at the top. 8. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Anschlusswandfläche weitere Sammler liegen, an denen weitere Tragrohre angeschlossen sind.8. Steam generator according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that there are further collectors in the connecting wall surface, to which further support tubes are connected. 9. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils eine Gruppe von Erhitzerrohren zusammen mit ihnen zugeordneten Tragrohren eine vertikale Rohrtafel bilden.9. Steam generator according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that in each case a group of heater tubes together with their associated support tubes form a vertical tube sheet. 10. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohrtafeln so angeordnet sind, dass die vertikalen Rohrschenkel in einander benachbarten Rohrtafeln sich auf einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Brennkammer befinden.10. Steam generator according to claim 9, characterized in that the tube sheets are arranged so that the vertical pipe legs in adjacent tube sheets are on opposite sides of the combustion chamber. 11. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohrtafeln durch Führungsmittel gegen Auslenkung in Querrichtung gesichert sind.11. Steam generator according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the tube sheets are secured by guide means against deflection in the transverse direction. 12. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die horizontalen Schenkel der Erhitzerrohre bezüglich des in ihnen fliessenden Mediums den vertikalen Schenkeln nachgeschaltet sind.12. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the horizontal legs of the heater tubes are connected downstream of the vertical legs with respect to the medium flowing in them.
EP81103556A 1981-04-23 1981-05-09 Fluidized-bed steam generator Expired EP0064092B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81103556T ATE7071T1 (en) 1981-04-23 1981-05-09 STEAM GENERATOR WITH FLUID BED FIRING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2651/81A CH652190A5 (en) 1981-04-23 1981-04-23 STEAM GENERATOR WITH FLUIDIZED BURN FIRING.
CH2651/81 1981-04-23

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EP0064092A1 true EP0064092A1 (en) 1982-11-10
EP0064092B1 EP0064092B1 (en) 1984-04-11

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EP81103556A Expired EP0064092B1 (en) 1981-04-23 1981-05-09 Fluidized-bed steam generator

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US4444154A (en)
EP (1) EP0064092B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57179503A (en)
AT (1) ATE7071T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1190814A (en)
CH (1) CH652190A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3163051D1 (en)
FI (1) FI69693C (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0157901A2 (en) * 1984-04-11 1985-10-16 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Fluidized-bed furnace
FR2761147A1 (en) * 1997-03-24 1998-09-25 Gec Alsthom Stein Ind REDUCED HEAT EXCHANGER
WO2007135240A2 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Boiler water cycle of a fluidized bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor with such boiler water cycle
DE102011009243A1 (en) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-26 Joachim Kümmel Method for preventing bumping in fluidized bed immersion heating surfaces at high steam generator, involves setting operating pressure of steam boiler to specific value so that high pressure steam is injected from auxiliary boiler
US9256946B2 (en) * 2013-08-26 2016-02-09 Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Accuracy compensation method, system, and device
US9879853B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2018-01-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steam generator
WO2020221965A1 (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-05 Cnim Groupe Self-supporting module assembled around a heat exchanger of a boiler comprising a horizontal passage, and method for installing and maintaining the horizontal passage of such a boiler

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US4955323A (en) * 1987-07-10 1990-09-11 Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation Fired heater
CA1313088C (en) * 1987-09-24 1993-01-26 Walter R. Campbell Steam generator and method of operating same utilizing separate fluid and combined gas flow circuits
US4770128A (en) * 1988-04-05 1988-09-13 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Heat exchanger support
EP2182278A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Continuous-flow steam generator
CN101761923A (en) * 2010-03-02 2010-06-30 上海锅炉厂有限公司 Boiler wind distribution plate

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DE2039180A1 (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-02-25 Foster Wheeler Brown Boilers Steam boiler operated with a fluidized fuel bed
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0157901A2 (en) * 1984-04-11 1985-10-16 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Fluidized-bed furnace
EP0157901A3 (en) * 1984-04-11 1987-05-06 Gebruder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Fluidized-bed furnace
FR2761147A1 (en) * 1997-03-24 1998-09-25 Gec Alsthom Stein Ind REDUCED HEAT EXCHANGER
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WO2007135240A2 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Boiler water cycle of a fluidized bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor with such boiler water cycle
WO2007135240A3 (en) * 2006-05-19 2008-03-13 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Boiler water cycle of a fluidized bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor with such boiler water cycle
US9879853B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2018-01-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steam generator
EP2564117B1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2018-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Steam generator
DE102011009243A1 (en) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-26 Joachim Kümmel Method for preventing bumping in fluidized bed immersion heating surfaces at high steam generator, involves setting operating pressure of steam boiler to specific value so that high pressure steam is injected from auxiliary boiler
US9256946B2 (en) * 2013-08-26 2016-02-09 Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Accuracy compensation method, system, and device
WO2020221965A1 (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-05 Cnim Groupe Self-supporting module assembled around a heat exchanger of a boiler comprising a horizontal passage, and method for installing and maintaining the horizontal passage of such a boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1190814A (en) 1985-07-23
EP0064092B1 (en) 1984-04-11
FI69693B (en) 1985-11-29
FI820365L (en) 1982-10-24
US4444154A (en) 1984-04-24
CH652190A5 (en) 1985-10-31
JPS57179503A (en) 1982-11-05
ATE7071T1 (en) 1984-04-15
FI69693C (en) 1986-03-10
DE3163051D1 (en) 1984-05-17

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