EP0129921B1 - Verfahren und Brenner zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff - Google Patents

Verfahren und Brenner zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129921B1
EP0129921B1 EP84200702A EP84200702A EP0129921B1 EP 0129921 B1 EP0129921 B1 EP 0129921B1 EP 84200702 A EP84200702 A EP 84200702A EP 84200702 A EP84200702 A EP 84200702A EP 0129921 B1 EP0129921 B1 EP 0129921B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
solid fuel
annular
finely divided
jets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84200702A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0129921A2 (de
EP0129921A3 (en
Inventor
Maarten Johannes Van Der Burgt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Publication of EP0129921A2 publication Critical patent/EP0129921A2/de
Publication of EP0129921A3 publication Critical patent/EP0129921A3/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the gasification of a finely divided solid fuel and to a burner for carrying out such a process.
  • Gasification of a solid fuel may be defined as a process wherein solid fuel is partially combusted with a substoichiometric amount of pure oxygen or an oxygen containing gas, such as air, to form product gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • product gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • the product gas further contains other substances which may be useful or may be considered as pollutants.
  • burner and process according to the invention are also suitable for other types of solid fuels which can be gasified, such as lignite, wood, bitumen, soot and petroleum coke.
  • solid fuel in a finely divided state is passed with a carrier gas to a reactor zone via a burner, while the combustion medium is either added to the solid fuel flow inside the burner or is separately introduced into said reactor zone.
  • the reactants are effectively mixed with one another. If the reactants are not brought into intimate contact with each other, the oxygen and solid fuel flow will follow at least partially independent trajectories inside the reactor. Since the reactor zone is filled with mainly hot carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the oxygen will rapidly react with these gases instead of with the solid fuel. The so formed very hot combustion products carbon dioxide and steam will also follow independent trajectories having poor contact with the relatively cold solid fuel flow. This behaviour of the oxygen will result in local hot spots in the reactor, thereby possibly causing damage to the reactor refractory lining and increased heat fluxes to the burner(s) applied.
  • the burner is operated at a low fuel load or, in other words, if the velocity of the fuel/oxygen mixture in the burner is low, the combustion induction time or flashback condition might easily be reached in the burner itself, resulting in overheating and possibly severe damage to the burner.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process for the gasification of in particular high quantities of solid fuel wherein the solid fuel flow can be properly broken up by oxygen jets having a relatively moderate velocity.
  • the present invention provides a process for the partial oxidation of a finely divided solid fuel, comprising the steps of supplying finely divided solid fuel as an annular flow into a reactor space and introducing oxygen or an oxygen containing gas into said reactor space, allowing the oxygen or oxygen containing gas to react with the finely divided solid fuel for partial oxidation of the latter, wherein at least part of the oxygen or oxygen containing gas is introduced into the reactor space as a plurality of moderate velocity jets arranged to intersect the annular flow of finely divided solid fuel, and wherein said moderate velocity jets are substantially uniformly distributed relative to the said annular flow of finely divided fuel, characterized in that the moderate velocity jets are grouped in pairs, the jets of each pair being arranged at opposite sides inside and outside of the annular flow of finely divided solid fuel and positioned as to intersect one another in said annular flow of solid fuel.
  • the invention further provides a burner for the partial oxidation of a finely divided solid fuel, comprising an annular outlet channel for finely divided solid fuel and a plurality of outlet passages for oxygen or an oxygen containing gas and wherein the outlet passages for oxygen or oxygen containing gas are substantially uniformly distributed with respect to the annular outlet channel, characterized in that the said outlet passages are grouped in pairs, the outlet passages of each group being arranged at opposite sides inside and outside of the annular outlet channel and having their axes arranged to intersect one another substantially in the extension of the annular outlet channel in downstream direction.
  • a burner for pulverized or gaseous fuel comprising a central (air) passage, a first (fuel) passage providing a converging stream and a second (air) passage providing a converging stream.
  • air air
  • the specific manner of breaking up the fuel flow according to the invention is not disclosed.
  • the solid fuel is supplied to the reactor space as an annulus, the thickness of the solid fuel flow can be kept rather moderate even at high fuel throughputs.
  • the solid fuel can be easily penetrated by the oxygen jets for a proper breaking up of the fuel flow.
  • the oxygen jets are uniformly distributed with respect to the annular solid fuel flow, to ensure a substantially uniform breaking up to the solid fuel flow.
  • the number of oxygen jets which should be applied depends, among other things, on the diameter of the annulus of solid fuel, on the width of the annulus and on the behaviour of the solid fuel itself. If the solid fuel flow is relatively compact, a relatively large amount of oxygen jets will be required for attaining a proper breaking up of the solid fuel flow. Care should, however, be taken that the oxygen jets are sufficiently spaced apart from one another to avoid reduction of the oxygen jet momenta due to interference between the oxygen jets.
  • the oxygen jets are arranged to intersect the annulus of finely divided solid fuel from the outside.
  • shielding means separate from the oxygen jets for breaking up the solid fuel flow. It is preferred to apply a low velocity flow of oxygen or oxygen containing gas for forming said shield around the arrangement of solid fuel flow and oxygen jets for break-up.
  • combustion medium is not only supplied via the moderate velocity jets intersecting the annular solid fuel flow from the outside but also via a further supply source substantially centrally arranged inside the annular solid fuel flow.
  • This further combustion medium formed by oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, serves apart from the combustion aspect a plurality of purposes.
  • This central gas flow will keep the flame formed after ignition of the combustible mixture of solid fuel and oxygen, away from the burner front thereby reducing the risk of overheating of the burner. It further serves as a support of the annular solid fuel flow preventing collapse of the fuel flow upon exposure to the oxygen jets.
  • the oxygen jets are grouped in pairs, wherein the jets of each pair are arranged at opposite sides inside and outside of the annular solid fuel flow in such a manner that these jets intersect one another substantially in the annulus of solid fuel.
  • This arrangement of the oxygen jets is particularly suitable for high capacity operation in which the annulus of solid fuel should necessarily have a rather large width.
  • the groupwise positioning of the oxygen jets ensures that the solid particles remain in the annulus of fuel and are not pushed away from the desired trajectory by the oxygen jets operating from the inner side of the solid fuel annulus.
  • the last-mentioned process according to the invention may be further optimized by the supply of low velocity gas in the annulus, preferably in the centre, for further supporting the annulus of solid fuel.
  • the groups of oxygen jets are substantially uniformly distributed relative to the annulus of finely divided solid fuel in order to obtain a substantially homogeneous mixture of solid fuel and oxygen, resulting in a stable operation and high quality gasification products.
  • the annular solid fuel flow and the groupwise arranged oxygen jets are surrounded by a shield of low velocity gas, preferably oxygen or oxygen containing gas.
  • the velocity of the shielding gas flow is suitably chosen in the range of about 5 to 20 m/ sec.
  • the important feature of the invention consists herein that it makes it possible to attain high throughputs of solid fuel at acceptable velocities of the oxygen jets without impairment of the quality of the gasification.
  • the velocities of the oxygen jets may be chosen in the usual range of about 60 to 100 m/ sec. These velocities can be easily reached in the available burners without damage of the burner- walls.
  • the burner may optionally be provided with a central oxygen outlet channel being substantially coaxially arranged in the annular outlet channel.
  • the burner according to the invention may suitably be further provided with an annular outlet channel substantially coaxially surrounding the annular outlet channel for supplying a shield of low velocity oxygen or oxygen containing gas around the solid fuel and oxygen jets during operation of the burner.
  • FIG. 1 the front part of a prior art burner, generally indicated with reference numeral 1, for the gasification of a finely divided solid fuel, such as pulverized coal, is shown which burner comprises a cylindrical hollow wall member 2 with an enlarged end part forming a front face 3 which extends substantially normal to the longitudinal axis 4 of the burner.
  • the interior of the hollow wall member 2 is provided with a substantially concentric partition wall 5 having an enlarged end part 6 arranged near the burner front face 3.
  • the partition wall 5 divides the interior of the hollow wall member 2 into passages 7 and 8 for the circulation of a cooling fluid therethrough.
  • the hollow wall member 2 surrounds an annular oxygen supply channel 9, at the downstream end provided with a plurality of inwardly inclined oxygen outlet passages 10 with outlet ports 11 in the burner front face 3. As clearly shown in Figure 2 the oxygen outlet ports are uniformly distributed over a circle with the centre on the longitudinal burner axis 4.
  • the annular oxygen supply channel 9 surrounds a smaller annular outlet channel 12 intended for the supply of solid fuel.
  • a substantially cylindrical channel 13 for the supply of oxygen is arranged in the centre of the burner.
  • the oxygen channels 9 and 13 may be supplied with oxygen via a common source. For the control of the burner operation, it is advantageous to connect the oxygen channels 9 and 13 with separate supply sources.
  • the operation of the burner for the gasification of for example pulverized coal is as follows. Pulverized coal suspended in a carrier fluid is passed through the annular outlet channel 12 into a reactor space downstream of the burner outlet. Simultaneously the blast, mainly containing oxygen, is passed through the annular oxygen supply channel 9 and the outlet passages 10 and enters into said reactor space as a plurality of high velocity jets issuing from the oxygen outlet ports 11. The radial components of the momenta of the high velocity oxygen jets, directed towards the annular coal flow, cause a breaking up of the coal flow and an intensive mixing of the coal with the oxygen.
  • the velocity of the oxygen jets should be chosen such that the oxygen can penetrate into the coal flow without substantially re-emerging therefrom. Suitable velocities of the oxygen jets are for example in the range of between 60 and 90 m/sec.
  • the annular coal flow is at its inner side supported by oxygen supplied via the central oxygen channel 13. This central oxygen'flow forms moreover an additional combustion medium source for the gasification of the coal.
  • the annular coal flow preferably has a rather moderate velocity.
  • the burner is not only provided with oxygen outlet passages having outlet ports around the annular coal channel 12 but also with oxygen outlet passages 20 having outlet ports 21 arranged within said channel 12.
  • the outlet passages 20 are outwardly inclined towards the annular coal channel 12 and are arranged opposite to the outlet passages 10, so that during operation of the burner the oxygen jets from opposite oxygen outlet ports meet one another in the annular coal flow.
  • the oxygen outlet passages 20 are connected to an annular oxygen supply channel 22 surrounded by the annular outlet channel 12.
  • the oxygen jets issuing from the outlet ports 11 and 21 will attack the flow from the annular channel 12 from both sides, causing a breaking up of even relatively thick solid fuel flows.
  • the inner ports are arranged opposite to the outer oxygen outlet ports, escape of solid particles due to the energy of the inner oxygen jets is prevented by the outer oxygen jets.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Ein Verfahren zur Teiloxidation eines fein zerteilten festen Brennstoffes, umfassend die Schritte des Einspeisens von fein zerteiltem festem Brennstoff in Form eines ringförmigen Stroms in einen Reaktorraum und das Einspeisen von Sauerstoff oder eines sauerstoffhaltigen Gases in besagten Reaktorraum, das Reagierenlassen des Sauerstoffes oder des sauerstoffhaltigen Gases mit dem fein zerteilten festen Brennstoff zwecks Teiloxidation des letzteren, wobei mindestens ein Teil des Sauerstoffs oder des sauerstoffhaltigen Gases in den Reaktorraum in Form einer Anzahl von Düsenstrahlen mäßiger Geschwindigkeit, welche so angebracht sind, daß sie den ringförmigen Strom des fein zerteilten festen Brennstoffes kreuzen mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 60 m/sec bis 100 m/sec eingespeist wird, und wobei besagte Düsenstrahlen mäßiger Geschwindigkeit im wesentlichen gleichmäßig relativ zum besagten ringförmigen Strom des fein zerteilten festen Brennstoffes verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsenstrahlen mäßiger Geschwindigkeit paarweise gruppiert sind, daß die Düsenstrahlen jedes Paars an entgegengesetzten Seiten innerhalb und außerhalb des ringförmigen Stroms aus fein zerteiltem festem Brennstoff gelegen und so angeordnet sind, daß sie sich in besagtem ringförmigen Strom von festem Brennstoff miteinander kreuzen.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die innerhalb des ringförmigen Brennstoffstroms angeordneten Düsenstrahlen mittels eines Kernkanals beschickt werden, der zentral innerhalb des ringförmigen Stroms aus fein zerteiltem festem Brennstoff angeordnet ist.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil des Sauerstoffs oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gases dem Reaktorraum in Form eines ringförmigen Stroms mit geringer Geschwindigkeit zugeführt wird, welcher die Anordnung aus dem Ringstrom des fein zerteilten festen Brennstoffes und den Düesenstrahlen mäßiger Geschwindigkeit umgibt.
4. Ein Brenner für die Teiloxidation eines fein zerteilten festen Brennstoffes, umfassend einen ringförmigen Auslaßkanal fürfein zerteilten festen Brennstoff und eine Anzahl von Auslaßdurchgängen für Sauerstoff oder ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas, und in welchem die Auslaßdurchgänge für Sauerstoff oder ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas im wesentlichen gleichmäßig in bezug auf den ringförmigen Auslaßkanal verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besagte Auslaßdurchgänge paarweise gruppiert sind, daß die Auslaßdurchgänge jedes Paars an entgegengesetzten Seiten innerhalb und außerhalb des ringförmigen Auslaßkanals angeordnet sind und daß ihre Achsen so ausgerichtet sind, daß sie einander im wesentlichen in der Verlängerung des ringförmigen Auslaßkanals, in Strömungsrichtung gesehen, kreuzen.
EP84200702A 1983-06-24 1984-05-15 Verfahren und Brenner zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff Expired - Lifetime EP0129921B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8317251 1983-06-24
GB838317251A GB8317251D0 (en) 1983-06-24 1983-06-24 Burner for gasification of solid fuel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0129921A2 EP0129921A2 (de) 1985-01-02
EP0129921A3 EP0129921A3 (en) 1985-12-27
EP0129921B1 true EP0129921B1 (de) 1990-01-31

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ID=10544760

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EP84200702A Expired - Lifetime EP0129921B1 (de) 1983-06-24 1984-05-15 Verfahren und Brenner zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0129921B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6017612A (de)
AU (1) AU560722B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1248758A (de)
DE (1) DE3481198D1 (de)
GB (1) GB8317251D0 (de)
ZA (1) ZA844697B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100478613C (zh) * 1996-12-27 2009-04-15 住友大阪水泥股份有限公司 燃料燃烧设备和方法

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8324644D0 (en) * 1983-09-14 1983-10-19 Boc Group Plc Apparatus for burning fuel
JPH0723489B2 (ja) * 1987-05-30 1995-03-15 住友金属工業株式会社 高炉の微粉炭吹込み用ノズル
JP2627552B2 (ja) * 1988-02-17 1997-07-09 シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ スパイラルフロー冷却面付き部分燃焼用バーナ
US4887962A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-12-19 Shell Oil Company Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face
DE59000845D1 (de) * 1989-12-19 1993-03-18 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Verfahren zum betrieb einer anlage fuer die vergasung fester brennstoffe.
CN1316197C (zh) 1996-12-27 2007-05-16 住友大阪水泥股份有限公司 燃料燃烧设备和方法
AT502240B1 (de) * 2005-08-11 2007-05-15 Unitherm Cemcon Feuerungsanlag Brenner für öfen
US10066832B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2018-09-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner for the gasification of a solid fuel
CN202835334U (zh) * 2012-04-02 2013-03-27 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于气化固体燃料的燃烧器
CN107033971B (zh) * 2016-02-04 2021-01-08 清华大学 用于水煤浆气化炉的多通道组合烧嘴及水煤浆气化炉

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB316667A (en) * 1928-08-02 1930-05-22 Appareils Manutention Fours Stein Sa Improvements in burners for pulverised or gaseous fuel
US4351647A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-09-28 Texaco Inc. Partial oxidation process

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DE968970C (de) * 1952-12-11 1958-04-17 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Vergasung staubfoermiger bis koerniger Brennstoffe
US3110578A (en) * 1961-08-16 1963-11-12 State University And The Schoo Gasification process for the production of synthesis gases
JPS51121828A (en) * 1975-04-15 1976-10-25 Foster Wheeler Corp Divided flow type burner built up members
DD145035A3 (de) * 1978-09-28 1980-11-19 Horst Kretschmer Brenner fuer die vergasung von staubfoermigen brennstoffen
NL183096C (nl) * 1979-06-13 1988-07-18 Shell Int Research Brander voor de partiele verbranding van een fijnverdeelde vaste brandstof met zuurstof en een moderatorgas.
GB2060158A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-04-29 Shell Int Research Solid fuel combustion

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB316667A (en) * 1928-08-02 1930-05-22 Appareils Manutention Fours Stein Sa Improvements in burners for pulverised or gaseous fuel
US4351647A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-09-28 Texaco Inc. Partial oxidation process

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ullmans Encyclopädie der technischen Chemie, 4 Auflage, Bd 14 "Keramische Farben bis Kork", pages 365-368 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100478613C (zh) * 1996-12-27 2009-04-15 住友大阪水泥股份有限公司 燃料燃烧设备和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA844697B (en) 1985-02-27
JPS6017612A (ja) 1985-01-29
EP0129921A2 (de) 1985-01-02
AU2973084A (en) 1985-01-03
JPH0518010B2 (de) 1993-03-10
CA1248758A (en) 1989-01-17
DE3481198D1 (de) 1990-03-08
AU560722B2 (en) 1987-04-16
EP0129921A3 (en) 1985-12-27
GB8317251D0 (en) 1983-07-27

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