EP0127016B1 - Method and device for making a package - Google Patents

Method and device for making a package Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127016B1
EP0127016B1 EP84105065A EP84105065A EP0127016B1 EP 0127016 B1 EP0127016 B1 EP 0127016B1 EP 84105065 A EP84105065 A EP 84105065A EP 84105065 A EP84105065 A EP 84105065A EP 0127016 B1 EP0127016 B1 EP 0127016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
steam
hollow
pressure
trough
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84105065A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0127016A3 (en
EP0127016A2 (en
Inventor
Johann Natterer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG
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Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Multivac Sepp Haggenmueller GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT84105065T priority Critical patent/ATE35954T1/en
Publication of EP0127016A2 publication Critical patent/EP0127016A2/en
Publication of EP0127016A3 publication Critical patent/EP0127016A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
    • B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
    • B65B53/06—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat supplied by gases, e.g. hot-air jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B65B31/021—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas the containers or wrappers being interconnected

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a package, in which a trough is formed from a shrinkable film by means of deep-drawing or deep-drawing, the product to be packaged is introduced into the trough, a cover is brought over the trough, and the interior of the trough is evacuated, the trough is sealed with the cover by sealing and the chamber is ventilated to remove the package.
  • a method for producing a package in which a trough is formed from a shrinkable film by means of deep-drawing or deep-drawing is known.
  • the item to be packaged is placed in the trough.
  • the trough with the object to be packaged is brought into an evacuation station with a cover arranged above it. This is followed by an evacuation of the inside of the pack and the space surrounding the trough.
  • the walls of the trough are heated by means of heating plates provided in the sides and bottom of the chamber.
  • the heating goes so far that the film shrinks in the area of the trough by releasing the latent shrinkage forces still present, and that the film containing the trough can be sealed with the top cover.
  • a heating plate which is movable toward the cover is arranged in the upper chamber of the sealing station. After sealing, the interior of the evacuation station is ventilated so that atmospheric pressure acts on the closed package and the goods contained therein. To ensure that heat is supplied to the film even while the vacuum chamber is being ventilated, it can be ventilated with heated air.
  • the shrinking of the film forming the trough is achieved in this process in that the film is brought into full contact with the heated walls and is thereby heated to the shrinking temperature.
  • each wall arrangement is only suitable for one trough size.
  • the film is no longer heated after it has been lifted off the heated walls and can therefore cool down quickly when placed on the goods to be packaged, which can lead to the shrinking process ending prematurely.
  • a packaging device with a sealing station which has an upper tool with a heating element and a lower tool that can be moved relative to it, for receiving a film trough receiving the object to be packaged.
  • a cover sheet is provided over the trough containing the product. So that the packaging to be produced with this packaging device is not only air-free inside but is filled with an inert gas, a nozzle opening into the interior of the sealing station is provided, via which the inert gas is supplied after the evacuation. The package is then sealed.
  • a packaging method is known from DE-A-2 360 847, in which components, such as sand-lime bricks, which are surrounded with a shrink film, are brought into an autoclave and steam is applied there.
  • the effect of steam should be at approximately 110 ° C. This would result in the film being heated unevenly. With parts, the temperature would become so high that the shrinking forces would be lost, while other parts would not be heated sufficiently.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating a method which allows wells of different sizes to be heated to a shrinking temperature in a controlled manner and to maintain an effective supply of heat to the film even during the shrinking process.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating an apparatus for performing the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a sealing station 1 which has an upper tool 2 and a lower tool 3.
  • the upper tool 2 On the side facing the lower tool 3, the upper tool 2 has an upper chamber 4 which forms a recess and in which a heated sealing plate 5 with a heating element 5 'is arranged.
  • the lower tool 3 is designed as a container which is open towards the upper tool 2 and whose side walls 6, 7 and bottom 8 enclose a chamber 9.
  • the upper chamber 4 is via a connecting line device 10 and the chamber via a connecting line 11 with a vacuum pump 12 connectable.
  • Each of the connecting lines 10, 11 has a shut-off valve 13, 14 and in the regions 15, 16 of the connecting lines 10, 11 between the chambers 4, 9 and the shut-off valves 13, 14 a branch 19, 20 to the atmosphere that can be shut off by ventilation valves 17, 18 on.
  • pressure gauges 21, 22 are provided as contact vacuum meters with two preselection positions, the preselection positions of which are set in a manner to be described later.
  • a transport device 23, 24 is arranged on both sides between the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 3, which laterally grips a film 25 with a recess 26 formed in the film and moves it into the sealing station 1.
  • the lower tool 3 can be moved up and down in the direction of the double arrow 27.
  • a cover 28 is placed over the trough 26, which has approximately the width of the sealing plate 5 and is somewhat narrower than the upper chamber 4, so that there is a distance 29, 30 between the edges of the cover 28 and the sealing plate 5 and the side walls of the upper tool 2 is formed.
  • a steam generator 31 is provided below the lower tool 3, the inlet 32 of which is connected to a water line 34 via a line 33 and the outlet 35 of which is connected to the chamber 9 via an opening 36 in the base 8.
  • the steam generator 31 has a cylindrical interior 37, which is surrounded by the heated walls 38, 39 of a housing 40.
  • a cylindrical body 41 is provided, the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the interior 37 and the length of which almost corresponds to the length of the interior 37.
  • the body 41 has on its outer surface a thread groove 42 in the form of an external thread over its entire length, which is connected via channels 43, 44 in the end faces to the inlet 32 or outlet 35.
  • the thread groove 42 thus forms the only connection between the inlet 32 and the outlet 35 in the form of a narrow capillary system or channel, the large heated surface of which is sufficient to completely evaporate the water supplied to the inlet 32.
  • the body 41 is heated by contact with the heated walls 38, 39, but a separate heating of the body 41 can also be provided.
  • the steam generator 31 is attached directly to the 'lower tool 3, the side walls 6, 7 and bottom 8 of which can also be heated by heating elements 45, 46, 47, 48.
  • a valve 49 is provided in the line 33 and is connected via a line 50 to an output 51 of a controller 52.
  • the controller 52 also has outputs 53, 54, 55, 56, which are each connected to the valves 18, 14, 13, 17, and inputs 57, 58, which are connected to the pressure gauge 21 and 22, respectively.
  • the structure and function of the control system are described on the basis of the method steps described below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the trough 26 is filled with product 59, the lower tool 3 is lowered and the trough 26 with the product 59 is moved into the position shown in FIG. 1 by means of the transport device 23 under the upper tool 2. Then the lower tool 3 moves upwards and the trough 26 enters the chamber 9. Simultaneously with the trough 26, the cover 28 in the form of an upper film is introduced into the sealing station 1 and, together with the trough 26, delimits a space 60 in which the product 59 is present.
  • the space 60 communicates with the upper chamber 4 through the distances 29, 30, while the area 61 of the chamber 9, which surrounds the trough 26 on its outside, from the chamber 4 and the space 60 through the film 25 or the trough 26 is tightly separated.
  • the control 52 closes the valves 17, 18 and opens the valves 13, 14.
  • the vacuum pump 12 becomes the upper chamber 4 and the space 60 connected to it via the line 10 and the area via the line 11 61 of the lower chamber 9 evacuated.
  • the respective pressure or pressure curve from point A is indicated by the pressure gauges 21, 22.
  • a desired vacuum is reached in area 61 (point B in FIG. 3), preferably between 10-20 mbar
  • the manometer 22 sends a signal to the controller 52, which then closes the valve 14.
  • a pressure of preferably 2 to 10 mbar is reached.
  • the controller 52 opens the valve 49, as a result of which water flows from the water line 34 into the steam generator 31.
  • the water enters the bottom region of the steam generator 31, is heated and evaporated by contact with the surfaces of the steam generator, for example heated to 150 to 200.degree. C., rises along the thread groove 42 due to the expansion during evaporation and occurs through the opening 36 as Steam into area 61.
  • the evaporation preferably takes place in the bottom area of the steam generator or in the lower part of the thread groove 42, so that the steam is overheated by the thread groove 42 as it continues to rise.
  • the supply of steam and thus the heating of the trough 26 by condensation is continued until a pressure is reached in the region 61 at which the saturation temperature is so high that the film 25 is heated by the condensation to a temperature so it is high that the film 25 shrinks in the region of the trough 26 by releasing the latent shrinking forces.
  • This pressure is preferably about 500 to 700 mbar, corresponding to a saturation temperature of about 80 to 90 ° C (point D in Figure 3). Since the temperature of the trough 26 is always close to the saturation temperature due to the release of the heat of condensation, the trough is thus heated to approximately 80 ° C. As a result of the shrinkage forces released during this heating, the film 25 lies against the product 59 in the region of the depression 26.
  • the film 25 is pressed in the region of the trough 26 to the product 59 and this is pressed upwards against the cover 28 , so that further film of the trough 26 which is not directly in contact with the product can shrink back and the space 60 is reduced to a minimum.
  • the valve 49 is closed via the controller 52.
  • the sealing plate 5 is then moved downward, thereby sealing the top film 28 with the film 25.
  • the valve 52 is then closed by the controller 52 and the valves 17, 18 are opened so that the entire sealing station 1 is ventilated.
  • the closed package can be conveyed out of the station and a new filled trough 26 can be guided into the station.
  • the side walls 6, 7 and the bottom 8 of the lower tool 3 are kept at a temperature by the heating elements 45, 46, 47, 48 which is always higher than the saturation temperature of the water vapor in the region 61, preferably to 100 to 120 ° C. This prevents water vapor from condensing on the inside of the lower tool 3 and leading to water accumulation. This heating also enables economical steam consumption, since otherwise a large part of the steam supplied will immediately condense again on the walls 6, 7 and on the bottom 8 and the pressure in the region 61 would only increase slowly.
  • the steam is generated by means of a steam generator 31 which is attached directly to the lower tool 3.
  • a separate steam generator or steam source 31 is provided which, for example, can also represent the central steam supply of a company.
  • the steam source 31 is connected to the chamber 9 via a steam line 62.
  • a steam valve 63 is provided in the steam line 62 and can be actuated by the control 52 in such a way that the desired pressure in the region 61 is set in the manner described above.
  • the condensation and thus the dissipation of heat preferably takes place on areas of the trough 26 which are adjacent to the product 59 and are therefore colder
  • the heat dissipation to the film leads to preferential shrinkage due to the lack of heat dissipation to the product by condensation on the areas of the film which are not in contact, for example folds of these areas.
  • the heating of the trough 26 by condensation supports the shrinking back of the folds and the smooth contact of the film even on products with an irregular surface.
  • the temperature range in which the shrinkage forces are released varies depending on the film material used. An adaptation to these different temperatures is possible by preselecting the final pressure value at which the supply of steam to region 61 is ended. It is therefore only necessary to adjust the second preselection position of the pressure gauge 22 accordingly.

Abstract

A method of producing a package is provided wherein a product is brought into a depression formed using a shrinkable sheet material, a cover is brought over the depression, the sheet material is shrunk by heating and the depression is closed with a cover by heat-sealing. In order to shrink the depression free from creases onto different and irregular product surfaces steam is admitted to the sheet material having a saturation temperature above the sheet material temperature such that the steam condensing at the sheet material transfers its heat of condensation to the sheet material. The apparatus for performing the method comprises a sealing station with an upper tool and a lower tool movable relatively thereto and having a chamber for receiving the depression, the chamber being connected with a steam generator.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Packung, bei dem mittels Tiefens bzw. Tiefziehens aus einer schrumpffähigen Folie eine Mulde geformt, das zu verpackende Produkt in die Mulde eingebracht, über die Mulde eine Abdeckung gebracht, das Muldeninnere in der Kammer evakuiert, die Mulde mit der Abdeckung durch Versiegeln verschlossen wird und die Kammer zum Herausnehmen der Packung belüftet wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a package, in which a trough is formed from a shrinkable film by means of deep-drawing or deep-drawing, the product to be packaged is introduced into the trough, a cover is brought over the trough, and the interior of the trough is evacuated, the trough is sealed with the cover by sealing and the chamber is ventilated to remove the package.

Aus der DE-A-23 64 565 und der entsprechenden FR-A-2 255 218 ist ein Verfahren.zum Herstellen einer Packung bekannt, bei dem mittels Tiefens bzw. Tiefziehens aus einer schrumpffähigen Folie eine Mulde geformt wird. Der zu verpackende Gegenstand wird in die Mulde eingebracht. Die Mulde mit dem zu verpackenden Gegenstand wird mit einer darüber angeordneten Abdeckung in eine Evakuierungsstation eingebracht. Anschließend erfolgt ein Evakuieren des Packungsinneren und des die Mulde umgebenden Raumes. Gleichzeitig werden die Wände der Mulde über in den Seiten und dem Boden der Kammer vorgesehene Heizplatten erwärmt. Die Erwärmung geht dabei soweit, daß die Folie im Bereich der Mulde durch Freiwerden der noch vorhandenen latenten Schrumpfkräfte schrumpft, und daß die die Mulde enthaltende Folie mit der oberen Abdeckung versiegelt werden kann. Zur Versiegelung der die Abdeckung und die Mulde bildenden Folien ist in der Oberkammer der Versiegelungsstation eine zur Abdeckung hin bewegliche Heizplatte angeordnet. Nach erfolgter Versiegelung wird das Innere der Evakuierstation belüftet, so daß Atmosphärendruck auf die geschlossene Packung und das darin enthaltene Gut einwirkt. Damit auch während der Belüftung des Vakuumraumes der Folie Wärme zugeführt wird, kann das Belüften mit erwärmter Luft erfolgen. Das Schrumpfen der die Mulde bildenden Folie wird bei diesem Verfahren dadurch erreicht, daß die Folie mit den beheizten Wänden vollflächig in Kontakt gebracht wird und dadurch auf die Schrumpftemperatur erwärmt wird. Dazu ist es erforderlich, die Lage der beheizten Wände der Form der Mulde anzupassen, damit vor dem Schrumpfen nicht eine weitere Strekkung der Folie beim Andrücken an die Wände durchgeführt werden muß. Dadurch ist jede Wandanordnung nur für.eine Muldengrö- ße geeignet. Ferner wird die Folie nach Abheben von den beheizten Wänden nicht mehr erwärmt und kann sich daher beim Anlegen an das zu verpackende Gut schnell abkühlen, was zu einem vorzeitigen Ende des Schrumpfvorganges führen kann.From DE-A-23 64 565 and the corresponding FR-A-2 255 218 a method is known for producing a package in which a trough is formed from a shrinkable film by means of deep-drawing or deep-drawing. The item to be packaged is placed in the trough. The trough with the object to be packaged is brought into an evacuation station with a cover arranged above it. This is followed by an evacuation of the inside of the pack and the space surrounding the trough. At the same time, the walls of the trough are heated by means of heating plates provided in the sides and bottom of the chamber. The heating goes so far that the film shrinks in the area of the trough by releasing the latent shrinkage forces still present, and that the film containing the trough can be sealed with the top cover. To seal the foils forming the cover and the trough, a heating plate which is movable toward the cover is arranged in the upper chamber of the sealing station. After sealing, the interior of the evacuation station is ventilated so that atmospheric pressure acts on the closed package and the goods contained therein. To ensure that heat is supplied to the film even while the vacuum chamber is being ventilated, it can be ventilated with heated air. The shrinking of the film forming the trough is achieved in this process in that the film is brought into full contact with the heated walls and is thereby heated to the shrinking temperature. For this purpose, it is necessary to adapt the position of the heated walls to the shape of the trough, so that no further stretching of the film has to be carried out before pressing against the walls before shrinking. As a result, each wall arrangement is only suitable for one trough size. Furthermore, the film is no longer heated after it has been lifted off the heated walls and can therefore cool down quickly when placed on the goods to be packaged, which can lead to the shrinking process ending prematurely.

Aus der DE-A-1 939 216 ist eine Verpackungsvorrichtung mit einer Versiegelungsstation bekannt, die ein Oberwerkzeug mit einem Heizelement und ein relativ dazu bewegbares Unterwerkzeug zum Aufnehmen einer den zu verpackenden Gegenstand aufnehmenden Folienmulde aufweist. Über der das Produkt enthaltenden Mulde ist eine Abdeckfolie vorgesehen. Damit die mit dieser Verpackungsvorrichtung zu erzeugende Verpackung nicht nur im Inneren luftfrei ist, sondern mit einem inerten Gas gefüllt ist, ist eine in das Innere der Versiegelungsstation mündende Düse vorgesehen, über die nach dem Evakuieren ein Zuführen des inerten Gases erfolgt. Anschließend erfolgt das Versiegeln der Packung.From DE-A-1 939 216 a packaging device with a sealing station is known, which has an upper tool with a heating element and a lower tool that can be moved relative to it, for receiving a film trough receiving the object to be packaged. A cover sheet is provided over the trough containing the product. So that the packaging to be produced with this packaging device is not only air-free inside but is filled with an inert gas, a nozzle opening into the interior of the sealing station is provided, via which the inert gas is supplied after the evacuation. The package is then sealed.

Aus der DE-A-2 360 847 ist ein Verpackungsverfahren bekannt, bei dem mit einer Schrumpffolie umgebene Bauelemente, wie etwa Kalksandsteine, in einen Autoklaven gebracht und dort mit Dampf beaufschlagt werden. Die Dampfeinwirkung soll bei annähernd 110°C erfolgen. Dies würde dazu führen, daß die Folie ungleichmäßig erhitzt wird. Bei Teilen würde die Temperatur so hoch werden, daß die Schrumpfkräfte verlorengehen, während andere Teile nicht ausreichend erwärmt werden würden. Damit eine gleichmäßige Schrumpfung erzielt wird, wird vorgeschlagen, die Folie mit Schutztüchern abzudecken.A packaging method is known from DE-A-2 360 847, in which components, such as sand-lime bricks, which are surrounded with a shrink film, are brought into an autoclave and steam is applied there. The effect of steam should be at approximately 110 ° C. This would result in the film being heated unevenly. With parts, the temperature would become so high that the shrinking forces would be lost, while other parts would not be heated sufficiently. In order to achieve a uniform shrinkage, it is proposed to cover the film with protective cloths.

Die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4 gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, welches es erlaubt, Mulden verschiedener Größe kontrolliert auf eine Schrumpftemperatur zu erwärmen und eine wirksame Wärmezufuhr zur Folie auch während des Schrumpfvorganges aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen 5 bis 10 gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen.The invention, as characterized in claims 1 to 4, solves the problem of creating a method which allows wells of different sizes to be heated to a shrinking temperature in a controlled manner and to maintain an effective supply of heat to the film even during the shrinking process. The invention, as characterized in claims 5 to 10, solves the problem of creating an apparatus for performing the method.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß es nicht erforderlich ist, die Kammer an die jeweilige Muldenform anzupassen und Wärmeenergie in einer solchen Ausmaß während des Schrumpfvorganges zuzuführen, daß eine im wesentlichen faltenfreie Packung entsteht, die eng an dem Produkt anliegt.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that it is not necessary to adapt the chamber to the particular trough shape and to supply thermal energy to such an extent during the shrinking process that an essentially wrinkle-free package is produced which is close to the product is present.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren beschrieben. Von den Figuren zeigen :

  • Fig. 1 ein Schema einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ;
  • Fig. 2 ein Schema einer zweiten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ; und
  • Fig. 3 ein Diagramm des Druck- und Temperaturverlaufs in der Versiegelungsstation eim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the figures. From the figures show:
  • 1 shows a diagram of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention;
  • 2 shows a diagram of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention; and
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of the pressure and temperature profile in the sealing station in the inventive method.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Schnitt durch eine Versiegelungsstation 1 gezeigt, die ein Oberwerkzeug 2 und ein Unterwerkzeug 3 aufweist. Auf der dem Unterwerkzeug 3 zugewandten Seite besitzt das Oberwerkzeug 2 eine eine Ausnehmung bildende Oberkammer 4, in der eine beheizte Siegelplatte 5 mit einem Heizelement 5' angeordnet ist. Das Unterwerkzeug 3 ist als ein zum Oberwerkzeug 2 hin offener Behälter ausgebildet, dessen Seitenwände 6, 7 und Boden 8 eine Kammer 9 umschließen.1 shows a section through a sealing station 1 which has an upper tool 2 and a lower tool 3. On the side facing the lower tool 3, the upper tool 2 has an upper chamber 4 which forms a recess and in which a heated sealing plate 5 with a heating element 5 'is arranged. The lower tool 3 is designed as a container which is open towards the upper tool 2 and whose side walls 6, 7 and bottom 8 enclose a chamber 9.

Die Oberkammer 4 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 10 und die Kammer über eine Verbindungsleitung 11 mit einer Vakuumpumpe 12 verbindbar. Jede der Verbindungsleitungen 10, 11 weist ein Absperrventil 13, 14 und jeweils in den Bereichen 15, 16 der Verbindungsleitungen 10, 11 zwischen den Kammern 4, 9 und den Absperrventilen 13, 14 eine durch Belüftungsventile 17, 18 absperrbare Abzweigung 19, 20 zur Atmosphäre auf. In den Bereichen 15, 16 sind jeweils als Kontaktvakuummeter mit zwei Vorwahlstellungen ausgebildete Manometer 21, 22 vorgesehen, deren Vorwahlstellungen in später zu beschreibender Weise eingestellt sind.The upper chamber 4 is via a connecting line device 10 and the chamber via a connecting line 11 with a vacuum pump 12 connectable. Each of the connecting lines 10, 11 has a shut-off valve 13, 14 and in the regions 15, 16 of the connecting lines 10, 11 between the chambers 4, 9 and the shut-off valves 13, 14 a branch 19, 20 to the atmosphere that can be shut off by ventilation valves 17, 18 on. In the areas 15, 16, pressure gauges 21, 22 are provided as contact vacuum meters with two preselection positions, the preselection positions of which are set in a manner to be described later.

Zwischen Oberwerkzeug 2 und Unterwerkzeug 3 ist zu beiden Seiten eine Transportvorrichtung 23, 24 angeordnet, die eine Folie 25 mit einer in der Folie gebildeten Mulde 26 seitlich ergreift und in die Versiegelungsstation 1 bewegt. Zum Einfahren der Mulde in die Versiegelungsstation 1 ist das Unterwerkzeug 3 in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 27 auf- und abbewegbar. Uber die Mulde 26 ist eine Abdeckung 28 gebracht, die etwa die Breite der Siegelplatte 5 aufweist und etwas schmaler ist als die Oberkammer 4, so daß zwischen den Rändern der Abdeckung 28 und der Siegelplatte 5 und den Seitenwänden des Oberwerkzeuges 2 ein Abstand 29, 30 gebildet ist.A transport device 23, 24 is arranged on both sides between the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 3, which laterally grips a film 25 with a recess 26 formed in the film and moves it into the sealing station 1. To move the trough into the sealing station 1, the lower tool 3 can be moved up and down in the direction of the double arrow 27. A cover 28 is placed over the trough 26, which has approximately the width of the sealing plate 5 and is somewhat narrower than the upper chamber 4, so that there is a distance 29, 30 between the edges of the cover 28 and the sealing plate 5 and the side walls of the upper tool 2 is formed.

Unterhalb des Unterwerkzeuges 3 ist ein Dampferzeuger 31 vorgesehen, dessen Eingang 32 über eine Leitung 33 mit einer Wasserleitung 34 verbunden ist und dessen Ausgang 35 über eine Öffnung 36 im Boden 8 mit der Kammer 9 verbunden ist. Zwischen Eingang 32 und Ausgang 35 weist der Dampferzeuger 31 einen zylindrischen Innenraum 37 auf, der von den beheizten Wänden 38, 39 eines Gehäuses 40 umgeben ist. Im Innenraum 37 ist ein zylindrischer Körper 41 vorgesehen, dessen Außendurchmesser dem Innendurchmesser des Innenraumes 37 und dessen Länge nahezu der Länge des Innenraumes 37 entspricht. Der Körper 41 weist auf seiner Mantelfläche über seine gesamte Länge eine Gewindenut 42 in Form eines Außengewindes auf, die über Kanäle 43, 44 in den Stirnflächen mit dem Eingang 32 bzw. Ausgang 35 in Verbindung steht. Die Gewindenut 42 bildet also die einzige Verbindung von Eingang 32 und Ausgang 35 in Form eines engen Kapillarsystemes bzw. Kanales, dessen große beheizte Oberfläche ausreicht, dem Eingang 32 zugeführtes Wasser vollständig zu verdampfen. Die Beheizung des Körpers 41 erfolgt durch den Kontakt mit den beheizten Wänden 38, 39, es kann jedoch auch eine separate Heizung des Körpers 41 vorgesehen sein. Der Dampferzeuger 31 ist direkt am' Unterwerkzeug 3 befestigt, dessen Seitenwände 6, 7 und Boden 8 ebenfalls durch Heizelemente 45, 46, 47, 48 beheizbar sind.A steam generator 31 is provided below the lower tool 3, the inlet 32 of which is connected to a water line 34 via a line 33 and the outlet 35 of which is connected to the chamber 9 via an opening 36 in the base 8. Between the inlet 32 and the outlet 35, the steam generator 31 has a cylindrical interior 37, which is surrounded by the heated walls 38, 39 of a housing 40. In the interior 37, a cylindrical body 41 is provided, the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the interior 37 and the length of which almost corresponds to the length of the interior 37. The body 41 has on its outer surface a thread groove 42 in the form of an external thread over its entire length, which is connected via channels 43, 44 in the end faces to the inlet 32 or outlet 35. The thread groove 42 thus forms the only connection between the inlet 32 and the outlet 35 in the form of a narrow capillary system or channel, the large heated surface of which is sufficient to completely evaporate the water supplied to the inlet 32. The body 41 is heated by contact with the heated walls 38, 39, but a separate heating of the body 41 can also be provided. The steam generator 31 is attached directly to the 'lower tool 3, the side walls 6, 7 and bottom 8 of which can also be heated by heating elements 45, 46, 47, 48.

In der Leitung 33 ist ein Ventil 49 vorgesehen, das über eine Leitung 50 mit einem Ausgang 51 einer Steuerung 52 verbunden ist. Die Steuerung 52 weist ferner Ausgänge 53, 54, 55, 56, die jeweils mit den Ventilen 18, 14, 13, 17 verbunden sind, sowie Eingänge 57, 58 auf, die mit dem Manometer 21 bzw. 22 verbunden sind. Der Aufbau und die Funktion der Steuerung wird anhand der im folgenden beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte unter Bezugnahme auf Figur 3 beschrieben.A valve 49 is provided in the line 33 and is connected via a line 50 to an output 51 of a controller 52. The controller 52 also has outputs 53, 54, 55, 56, which are each connected to the valves 18, 14, 13, 17, and inputs 57, 58, which are connected to the pressure gauge 21 and 22, respectively. The structure and function of the control system are described on the basis of the method steps described below with reference to FIG. 3.

Zum Herstellen einer Packung wird die Mulde 26 mit Produkt 59 gefüllt, das Unterwerkzeug 3 abgesenkt und die Mulde 26 mit dem Produkt 59 mittels der Transportvorrichtung 23 unter das Oberwerkzeug 2 in die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Stellung bewegt. Anschließend fährt das Unterwerkzeug 3 nach oben und die Mulde 26 tritt in die Kammer 9 ein. Gleichzeitig mit der Mulde 26 wird in die Versiegelungsstation 1 die Abdeckung 28 in Form einer Oberfolie eingeführt und begrenzt zusammen mit der Mulde 26 einen Raum 60, in dem das Produkt 59 vorliegt. Der Raum 60 steht mit der Oberkammer 4 durch die Abstände 29, 30 in Verbindung, während der Bereich 61 der Kammer 9, der die Mulde 26 auf ihrer Außenseite umgibt, von der Kammer 4 und dem Raum 60 durch die Folie 25 bzw. die Mulde 26 dicht getrennt ist.To produce a package, the trough 26 is filled with product 59, the lower tool 3 is lowered and the trough 26 with the product 59 is moved into the position shown in FIG. 1 by means of the transport device 23 under the upper tool 2. Then the lower tool 3 moves upwards and the trough 26 enters the chamber 9. Simultaneously with the trough 26, the cover 28 in the form of an upper film is introduced into the sealing station 1 and, together with the trough 26, delimits a space 60 in which the product 59 is present. The space 60 communicates with the upper chamber 4 through the distances 29, 30, while the area 61 of the chamber 9, which surrounds the trough 26 on its outside, from the chamber 4 and the space 60 through the film 25 or the trough 26 is tightly separated.

Nach dem Schließen der Versiegelungsstation 1 schließt die Steuerung 52 die Ventile 17, 18 und öffnet die Ventile 13., 14. Durch die Vakuumpumpe 12 wird über die Leitung 10 die Oberkammer 4 und der mit ihr verbundene Raum 60 und über die Leitung 11 der Bereich 61 der Unterkammer 9 evakuiert.After the sealing station 1 has been closed, the control 52 closes the valves 17, 18 and opens the valves 13, 14. The vacuum pump 12 becomes the upper chamber 4 and the space 60 connected to it via the line 10 and the area via the line 11 61 of the lower chamber 9 evacuated.

Der jeweilige Druck bzw. Druckverlauf von Punkt A (gestrichelte Linie in Figur B) wird durch die Manometer 21, 22 angezeigt. Beim Erreichen eines gewünschten Vakuums im Bereich 61 (Punkt B in Figur.3), vorzugsweise zwischen 10-20 mbar, wird von dem Manometer 22 ein Signal an die Steuerung 52 gegeben, die daraufhin das Ventil 14 schließt. Dadurch werden nur noch die Oberkammer 4 und der Raum 60 weiter evakuiert. bis ein Druck von vorzugsweise 2 bis 10 mbar erreicht ist.The respective pressure or pressure curve from point A (dashed line in FIG. B) is indicated by the pressure gauges 21, 22. When a desired vacuum is reached in area 61 (point B in FIG. 3), preferably between 10-20 mbar, the manometer 22 sends a signal to the controller 52, which then closes the valve 14. As a result, only the upper chamber 4 and the space 60 are evacuated further. until a pressure of preferably 2 to 10 mbar is reached.

Gleichzeitig mit oder unmittelbar nach dem Schließen des Ventiles 14 öffnet die Steuerung 52 das Ventil 49, wodurch Wasser aus der Wasserleitung 34 in den Dampferzeuger 31 fließt. Das Wasser tritt in den Bodenbereich des Dampferzeugers 31 ein, wird durch den Kontakt mit den beispielsweise auf 150 bis 200 °C aufgeheizten Flächen des Dampferzeugers erwärmt und verdampft, steigt durch die Expansion beim Verdampfen die Gewindenut 42 entlang auf und tritt durch die Öffnung 36 als Dampf in den Bereich 61 ein. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Verdampfung bereits im Bodenbereich des Dampferzeugers oder im unteren Teil der Gewindenut 42, so daß der Dampf beim weiteren Aufsteigen durch die Gewindenut 42 überhitzt wird. Wenn der Druck im Bereich 61 so hoch ist, daß die Sättigungstemperatur des Dampfes bei diesem Druck entsprechend der Dampfdruckkurve höher ist als die Temperatur der Mulde 26, dann kondensiert ein Teil des Dampfes an der Außenseite der Mulde 26 und erwärmt diese durch Abgabe seiner Kondensationswärme. Da jedoch durch die Zufuhr von Dampf der Druck im Bereich 61 ansteigt, steigt nach dem durch die Dampfdruckkurve von Wasser vorgegebenen Zusammenhang auch die Sättigungstemperatur an, was zu weiterer Kondensation an der Folie und damit zu deren weiterer Erwärmung führt. Dieser Druck- und Temperaturanstieg ist in Figur 3 durch die mit dem Pfeil C gekennzeichnete Linie dargestellt. Die Zufuhr von Dampf und damit die Erwärmung der Mulde 26 durch Kondensation wird so lange fortgeführt, bis im Bereich 61 ein Druck erreicht ist, bei dem die Sättigungstemperatur so hoch ist, daß die Folie 25 durch die Kondensation auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, die so hoch ist, daß die Folie 25 im Bereich der Mulde 26 durch Freiwerden der latenten Schrumpfkräfte schrumpft. Dieser Druck liegt vorzugsweise bei ca. 500 bis 700 mbar, entsprechend einer Sättigungstemperatur von ca. 80 bis 90 °C (Punkt D in Figur 3). Da die Temperatur der Mulde 26 durch die Abgabe der Kondensationswärme stets nahe an der Sättigungstemperatur liegt, erfolgt damit eine Erwärmung der Mulde auf etwa 80 °C. Durch die bei dieser Erwärmung freiwerdenden Schrumpfkräfte legt sich die Folie 25 im Bereich der Mulde 26 an das Produkt 59 an. Dadurch, daß durch das Einströmen von Wasserdampf der Druck im Bereich 61 gegenüber dem Druck in der Oberkammer 4 und dem Raum 60 erhöht ist, wird die Folie 25 im Bereich der Mulde 26 an das Produkt 59 angedrückt und dieses nach oben an die Abdeckung 28 gedrückt, so daß weitere nicht direkt am Produkt anliegende Folie der Mulde 26 zurückschrumpfen kann und der Raum 60 auf ein Minimum reduziert wird.Simultaneously with or immediately after the valve 14 is closed, the controller 52 opens the valve 49, as a result of which water flows from the water line 34 into the steam generator 31. The water enters the bottom region of the steam generator 31, is heated and evaporated by contact with the surfaces of the steam generator, for example heated to 150 to 200.degree. C., rises along the thread groove 42 due to the expansion during evaporation and occurs through the opening 36 as Steam into area 61. The evaporation preferably takes place in the bottom area of the steam generator or in the lower part of the thread groove 42, so that the steam is overheated by the thread groove 42 as it continues to rise. If the pressure in region 61 is so high that the saturation temperature of the steam at this pressure is higher than the temperature of the trough 26 in accordance with the vapor pressure curve, then part of the steam condenses on the outside of the trough 26 and heats it up by releasing its heat of condensation. However, since the supply of steam increases the pressure in the region 61, the saturation also increases according to the relationship given by the steam pressure curve of water temperature, which leads to further condensation on the film and thus to its further heating. This increase in pressure and temperature is shown in FIG. 3 by the line marked with the arrow C. The supply of steam and thus the heating of the trough 26 by condensation is continued until a pressure is reached in the region 61 at which the saturation temperature is so high that the film 25 is heated by the condensation to a temperature so it is high that the film 25 shrinks in the region of the trough 26 by releasing the latent shrinking forces. This pressure is preferably about 500 to 700 mbar, corresponding to a saturation temperature of about 80 to 90 ° C (point D in Figure 3). Since the temperature of the trough 26 is always close to the saturation temperature due to the release of the heat of condensation, the trough is thus heated to approximately 80 ° C. As a result of the shrinkage forces released during this heating, the film 25 lies against the product 59 in the region of the depression 26. Characterized in that the pressure in the region 61 is increased by the inflow of water vapor compared to the pressure in the upper chamber 4 and the space 60, the film 25 is pressed in the region of the trough 26 to the product 59 and this is pressed upwards against the cover 28 , so that further film of the trough 26 which is not directly in contact with the product can shrink back and the space 60 is reduced to a minimum.

Sobald das Manometer 22 einen auf den in Abhängigkeit vom Folienmaterial eingestellten oberen Druckpunkt von beispielsweise 500 mbar angestiegenen Druck (Punkt D) im Bereich 61 feststellt, wird über die Steuerung 52 das Ventil 49 geschlossen. Anschließend wird die Siegelplatte 5 nach unten bewegt und dadurch die Oberfolie 28 mit der Folie 25 versiegelt. Anschließend wird von der Steuerung 52 das Ventil 13 geschlossen und die Ventile 17,18 werden geöffnet, so daß die gesamte Versiegelungsstation 1 belüftet wird. Durch Abwärtsbewegung des Unterwerkzeuges 3 kann die verschlossene Packung aus der Station befördert und eine neue gefüllte Mulde 26 in die Station geführt werden.As soon as the manometer 22 detects a pressure (point D) in the region 61 that has risen to the upper pressure point, which is set as a function of the film material, for example 500 mbar, the valve 49 is closed via the controller 52. The sealing plate 5 is then moved downward, thereby sealing the top film 28 with the film 25. The valve 52 is then closed by the controller 52 and the valves 17, 18 are opened so that the entire sealing station 1 is ventilated. By moving the lower tool 3 downward, the closed package can be conveyed out of the station and a new filled trough 26 can be guided into the station.

Die Seitenwände 6, 7 und der Boden 8 des Unterwerkzeuges 3 werden durch die Heizelemente 45, 46, 47, 48 auf einer Temperatur gehalten, die stets höher liegt als die Sättigungstemperatur des Wasserdampfes im Bereich 61, vorzugsweise auf 100 bis 120 °C. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß Wasserdampf an der Innenseite des Unterwerkzeuges 3 kondensiert und zu einer Wasseransammlung führt. Durch diese Erwärmung wird ferner ein sparsamer Dampfverbrauch ermöglicht, da sonst ein großer Teil des zugeführten Dampfes sofort wieder an den Wänden 6, 7 und am Boden 8 kondensieren und damit der Druck im Bereich 61 nur langsam ansteigen würde.The side walls 6, 7 and the bottom 8 of the lower tool 3 are kept at a temperature by the heating elements 45, 46, 47, 48 which is always higher than the saturation temperature of the water vapor in the region 61, preferably to 100 to 120 ° C. This prevents water vapor from condensing on the inside of the lower tool 3 and leading to water accumulation. This heating also enables economical steam consumption, since otherwise a large part of the steam supplied will immediately condense again on the walls 6, 7 and on the bottom 8 and the pressure in the region 61 would only increase slowly.

Beim beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Dampf mittels eines Dampferzeugers 31 erzeugt, der direkt am Unterwerkzeug 3 befestigt ist. Gemäß der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist ein separater Dampferzeuger bzw. Dampfquelle 31 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise auch die zentrale Dampfversorgung eines Betriebes darstellen kann. Die Dampfquelle 31 ist über eine Dampfleitung 62 mit der Kammer 9 verbunden. In der Dampfleitung 62 ist ein Dampfventil 63 vorgesehen, das von der Steuerung 52 derart betätigbar ist, daß in der oben beschriebenen Weise der gewünschte Druck im Bereich 61 eingestellt ist.In the exemplary embodiment described, the steam is generated by means of a steam generator 31 which is attached directly to the lower tool 3. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a separate steam generator or steam source 31 is provided which, for example, can also represent the central steam supply of a company. The steam source 31 is connected to the chamber 9 via a steam line 62. A steam valve 63 is provided in the steam line 62 and can be actuated by the control 52 in such a way that the desired pressure in the region 61 is set in the manner described above.

Obwohl die Kondensation und damit Wärmeabgabe bevorzugt an am Produkt 59 anliegenden und damit kälteren Bereichen der Mulde 26 erfolgt, führt die Wärmeabgabe an die Folie durch Kondensation an den nicht anliegenden Bereichen der Folie, beispielsweise Falten, wegen deren fehlender Wärmeabgabe an das Produkt zu bevorzugtem Schrumpfen dieser Bereiche. Dadurch unterstützt die Erwärmung der Mulde 26 durch Kondensation das Zurückschrumpfen der Falten und das glatte Anliegen der Folie auch an Produkten mit unregelmäßiger Oberfläche.Although the condensation and thus the dissipation of heat preferably takes place on areas of the trough 26 which are adjacent to the product 59 and are therefore colder, the heat dissipation to the film leads to preferential shrinkage due to the lack of heat dissipation to the product by condensation on the areas of the film which are not in contact, for example folds of these areas. As a result, the heating of the trough 26 by condensation supports the shrinking back of the folds and the smooth contact of the film even on products with an irregular surface.

Der Temperaturbereich, in dem die Schrumpfkräfte frei werden, ist je nach verwendetem Folienmaterial unterschiedlich. Eine Anpassung an diese unterschiedlichen Temperaturen ist durch Vorwahl des Druckendwertes möglich, bei dem die Zufuhr von Dampf in den Bereich 61 beendet wird. Zur Anpassung ist es also nur erforderlich, die zweite Vorwahlstellung des Manometers 22 entsprechend einzustellen.The temperature range in which the shrinkage forces are released varies depending on the film material used. An adaptation to these different temperatures is possible by preselecting the final pressure value at which the supply of steam to region 61 is ended. It is therefore only necessary to adjust the second preselection position of the pressure gauge 22 accordingly.

Claims (10)

1. A method for the production of a packing wherein a hollow (26) is formed by means of deepening or deep drawing from a film capable of shrinkage, the product (59) to be packed is brought into the hollow (26), a cover (28) is brought over the hollow (26), the hollow (26) is brought into a chamber (9) surrounding the latter, the chamber (9) is evacuated, heated steam is introduced into the evacuated chamber (9) for a period until a pressure is obtained whose related saturation temperature essentially equals the shrinkage temperature, the hollow (26) is closed with the cover (28) by welding or sealing and the chamber (9) is subsequently ventilated.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the steam is superheated.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the walls of the chamber (9) are heated to a temperature lying above the saturation temperature of the steam.
4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the space (60) surrounding the product to be packed within the hollow (26) is evacuated during the heating of the film to a pressure which is lower than the pressure in the zone (61) surrounding the hollow (26) on the outside.
5. A packing device for the implementation of the method according to one of claims 1 to 4. with a sealing station (1) having an upper tool (2) with a heating element (51) and a lower tool (3) which is movable in relation thereto with a chamber (9) for the accomodation of the hollow (26), characterised in that the chamber (9) in the lower tool (3) is connected to a steam generating device (31).
6. A device according to claim 5, characterised in that the upper chamber (4) formed in the upper tool (2) and the chamber (9) can be respectively connected at will via a connection line (10, 11) to the suction side of a vacuum pump (12) or to the atmosphere.
7. A device according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the steam generating device (31) has a heated housing (40) with a cylindrical interior (37) wherein a cylindrical body (41) is inserted whose outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter of the internal space (37) and which has on its cylindrical outer surface a thread groove (42) extending from a front face to the opposite front face of the body (41).
8. A device according to claim 7, characterised in that the walls (6, 7, 8) surrounding the chamber (9) have a heating element (45, 46, 47, 48).
9. A device according to claims 5 to 8, characterised in that provision is made between the steam generating device (31) and the lower tool (3) for a steam line (62) with a steam valve (63).
10. A packing device according to one of claims 5 to 9 characterised by a pressure gauge device (21, 22) for ascertaining the pressure in the chamber (9) and a control (52) for controlling the steam admission into the chamber (9), the outlet of the pressure gauge device being connected to the inlet of the control (52) and the control (52) being designed in such a way that the admission of steam is interrupted as soon as there obtains a pressure in the chamber (9) whose related saturation temperature essentially equals a pre-set shrinkage temperature.
EP84105065A 1983-05-25 1984-05-04 Method and device for making a package Expired EP0127016B1 (en)

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AT84105065T ATE35954T1 (en) 1983-05-25 1984-05-04 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING A PACKAGE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3318993 1983-05-25
DE19833318993 DE3318993A1 (en) 1983-05-25 1983-05-25 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A PACK

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EP0127016A2 EP0127016A2 (en) 1984-12-05
EP0127016A3 EP0127016A3 (en) 1986-01-08
EP0127016B1 true EP0127016B1 (en) 1988-07-27

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JP (1) JPH0629067B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE35954T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1291019C (en)
DE (2) DE3318993A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2550758B1 (en)
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IT8467529A0 (en) 1984-05-24
JPH0629067B2 (en) 1994-04-20
US4567713A (en) 1986-02-04
GB2140382A (en) 1984-11-28
CA1291019C (en) 1991-10-22
FR2550758B1 (en) 1987-03-20
GB2140382B (en) 1986-08-13
GB8412646D0 (en) 1984-06-20
FR2550758A1 (en) 1985-02-22
IT8467529A1 (en) 1985-11-24
IT1179936B (en) 1987-09-16
ATE35954T1 (en) 1988-08-15
JPS602416A (en) 1985-01-08
EP0127016A3 (en) 1986-01-08
DE3472935D1 (en) 1988-09-01
EP0127016A2 (en) 1984-12-05
DE3318993A1 (en) 1984-11-29

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