EP0124398A1 - Compressed propellant charge for munition and process for its manufacture - Google Patents
Compressed propellant charge for munition and process for its manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0124398A1 EP0124398A1 EP84400621A EP84400621A EP0124398A1 EP 0124398 A1 EP0124398 A1 EP 0124398A1 EP 84400621 A EP84400621 A EP 84400621A EP 84400621 A EP84400621 A EP 84400621A EP 0124398 A1 EP0124398 A1 EP 0124398A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- powder
- mixture
- nitrocellulosic
- propellant charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 aliphatic isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
- C06B25/24—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with nitroglycerine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
Definitions
- the technical sector of the present invention is that of compressed propellant charges for ammunition with combustible casing or not or without casing comprising nitrocellulosic powders.
- polyurethanes polyesters, organic carbonates, etc.
- polyurethanes are preferred because of their good mechanical properties and they are generally associated with nitrocellulosic powders, hexogen, dinitrotoluene, etc.
- the polyurethane must be compatible with the explosive used.
- the polyurethane constituent mixture is first prepared by condensation of a polyisocyanate with a polyol or a polyfunctional amine.
- the explosive is then coated with polyurethane, for example by precipitating the binder on the powder grains and the composition obtained is subsequently compressed.
- the mechanical properties of the charge obtained depend strongly on the delicate control of the degree of crosslinking of the polymer.
- the viscosity of the coating material used is difficult to adapt to the work of coating the powders and loading the compression mold, while obtaining an acceptable industrial processing time; these two conditions are very difficult to reconcile.
- French Patent 2,374,278 describes a compressed propellant charge in which the grains of nitrocellulose powder are agglomerated together using a gelatinizing nitrocellulose plasticizer.
- plasticizers mention is made of telechelic aliphatic diisocyanates and in particular hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the process for manufacturing unit charges comprises a step of impregnating the grains, a step of stabilization, a step of loading-compression and possibly a step of cooking.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new load whose industrial production is facilitated while ensuring dimensional stability under the conditions of temperature or thermohygrometric cycles applicable to ammunition, and whose ballistic performance is increased.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a compressed propellant charge for ammunition comprising a nitrocellulose powder and a coating material, characterized in that the coating material consists of a mixture of polyfunctional aliphatic isocyanates whose viscosity is between approximately 0.08 and 1 Pascal per second, and the nitrocellulosic powder by a mixture of tubular grains of different dimensions, according to the respective percentages by mass of 0.2 to 7% and 99.8 to 93%.
- the mixture of aliphatic isocyanates can consist of hexamethylene diisocyanate and the biuret of formula: according to the respective percentages by mass of 10 to 40% and 90 to 60%.
- the mixture of aliphatic isocyanates can comprise 25% by mass of xamethylene diisocyanate and 75% by mass of biuret.
- the mixture of aliphatic isocyanates comprises 40% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 60% by mass of biuret.
- the nitrocellulose powder can consist of multitubular grains and monotubular grains according to the respective percentages by mass of 60 to 90% and 40 to 10%.
- the nitrocellulosic powder may consist of monotubular grains which are approximately 5 mm long and of short monotubular grains of approximately 1.7 mm according to the respective mass percentages of 40 to 70% and 60 to 30%.
- the propellant charge may comprise 95% by mass of nitrocellulose powder consisting of 60% by mass of long monotubular powder and 40% by mass of short monotubular powder on the one hand, and 5% by mass of coating material consisting of 25 % by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 75% of biuret on the other hand.
- the propellant charge may comprise 99.4% by mass of nitrocellulosic powder consisting of 68% by mass of multitubular powder and 32% by mass of monotubular powder on the one hand, and 0.6% by mass of coating material consisting of 40% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 60% by mass of biuret.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a charge according to which a hot gel can be formed by mixing the nitrocellulosic powder with the isocyanates at a temperature between about 40 and 80 ° C., the mixture is compressed in a mold. obtained which is subjected to cooking at this same temperature for 30 minutes to 2 hours approximately.
- the nitrocellulosic powder can be mixed with the isocyanates, the mixture obtained is introduced into a combustible or non-combustible bushing, the charge is compressed in the bushing and it is left to polymerize at room temperature.
- An advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the propellant charge is endowed with ballistic performances superior to those of known charges, and simpler to manufacture by reducing the number of stages usually implemented.
- Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the polyfunctional aliphatic isocyanates dissolve the nitrocellulose grains superficially, which makes it possible to weld them together intimately during subsequent compression. There is therefore no agglomeration of the grains by a binder as in the case of polyurethane binders.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the viscosity of the coating material can be adjusted at will, which allows a very precise choice thereof to adapt the industrial manufacturing conditions and to obtain a setting time. industrially acceptable work. We can therefore reconcile two contradictory conditions.
- loads are thus obtained whose mechanical strength is clearly greater than that obtained with polyurethanes, which also makes it possible to produce loads for ammunition without a cartridge case industrially.
- nitrocellulose powders are used, the grains of which are of mono- or multitubular form.
- the grains of which are of mono- or multitubular form.
- mixtures of grains of different shape and size according to the needs of a person skilled in the art.
- hexamethylene diisocyanate is chosen which is volatile and biuret which is viscous at ordinary temperature.
- Hexanethylene diisocyanate and the substituted biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate are commonly commercially available and can be mixed in any proportion, which allows a continuous variation of the viscosity and a very precise choice thereof. This mixture reacts with nitrocellulose giving a gel which becomes particularly rigid and which is used to weld together the grains.
- the mixture of isocyanates is first chosen according to the desired viscosity as well as the nitrocellulosic powders to be used; they are mixed in a mixer.
- the mixture obtained can be stored as it is for about an hour, which facilitates subsequent handling and constitutes an undeniable advantage in industrial processing.
- This mixture is then introduced into a mold or a socket where it is compressed to the desired pressure, for example between 80. 10 5 and 10 8 Pa.
- the load is removed from the mold and is treated in a conventional manner to adapt it to the desired size.
- the load is compressed directly into the cartridge case, the shell is put in place immediately and the ammunition is stored.
- This type of loading is particularly well suited for making ammunition of caliber between 5.56 and 30 mm and the size of the powder grains is adjusted in a known manner to the caliber of the ammunition manufactured.
- the mixture After mixing, the mixture is introduced into the sockets, it is compressed and the shells are put in place.
- the ammunition obtained is tested in the same way.
- Example 10 tablet loads similar to those of Example 1 are produced, but in which 93.5% by mass of nitrocellulose powder and 6.5% by mass of binder are mixed.
- the prepared loads are subjected to the same aging cycles.
- the residual elongation is always less than 0.15 mm.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des chargements propulsifs comprimés pour munitions avec douille combustible ou non ou sans douille comprenant des poudres nitrocellulosiques.The technical sector of the present invention is that of compressed propellant charges for ammunition with combustible casing or not or without casing comprising nitrocellulosic powders.
Pour réaliser des chargements propulsifs comprimés, il est bien connu d'utiliser divers liants polymères pour agglomérer sous pression l'ensemble des grains de la poudre. Parmi ceux-ci on peut citer les polyuréthanes, les polyesters, des carbonates organiques etc..., que l'on utilise avec la plupart des explosifs. Cependant, les polyuréthanes sont préférés en raison de leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques et on les associe généralement aux poudres nitrocellulosiques, à l'hexogène, au dinitrotoluène etc... Toutefois, il faut que le polyuréthane soit compatible avec l'explosif utilisé. On prépare d'abord le mélange constituant du polyuréthane, par condensation d'un polyisocyanate avec un polyol ou une amine poly- fonctionnelle. On enrobe ensuite l'explosif à l'aide du polyuréthane en précipitant par exemple le liant sur les grains de poudre et on comprime ulté- rieûrement la composition obtenue. Toutefois, les propriétés mécaniques du chargement obtenu dépendent fortement du contrôle délicat du degré de réticulation du polymère.To make compressed propellant charges, it is well known to use various polymeric binders to agglomerate all the grains of the powder under pressure. Among these, mention may be made of polyurethanes, polyesters, organic carbonates, etc., which are used with most explosives. However, polyurethanes are preferred because of their good mechanical properties and they are generally associated with nitrocellulosic powders, hexogen, dinitrotoluene, etc. However, the polyurethane must be compatible with the explosive used. The polyurethane constituent mixture is first prepared by condensation of a polyisocyanate with a polyol or a polyfunctional amine. The explosive is then coated with polyurethane, for example by precipitating the binder on the powder grains and the composition obtained is subsequently compressed. However, the mechanical properties of the charge obtained depend strongly on the delicate control of the degree of crosslinking of the polymer.
De nombreux documents décrivent ce type de chargement. Ainsi, le brevet américain 4 263 070 décrit un chargement propulsif à base d'hexogène (HMX) et de polyuréthane selon les pourcentages en masse respectifs de 65 à 90% et de 35 à 10%.Many documents describe this type of loading. Thus, American patent 4 263 070 describes a propellant charge based on hexogen (HMX) and polyurethane according to the respective mass percentages of 65 to 90% and 35 to 10%.
Le brevet américain 3 948 697 décrit un chargement analogue dans lequel le liant est constitué par un polyuréthane obtenu par réaction d'un iso- cyanate polyfonctionnel et d'un polyol, et l'explosif par la nitrocellulose, l'hexogène etc...American patent 3,948,697 describes a similar charge in which the binder consists of a polyurethane obtained by reaction of a polyfunctional isocyanate and a polyol, and the explosive by nitrocellulose, hexogen, etc.
L'inconvénient principal de ces chargements appliqués à une munition sans douille, réside dans le fait que le liant ne confère pas à ceux-ci une résistance mécanique et surtout une stabilité dimensionnelle suffisantes aux différentes températures d'emploi de la munition.The main drawback of these loads applied to ammunition without a cartridge case, lies in the fact that the binder does not give them mechanical strength and above all sufficient dimensional stability at the different temperatures of use of the ammunition.
De plus, la viscosité de la matière d'enrobage utilisée est difficile à adapter au travail d'enrobage des poudres et de chargement du moule de compression, tout en obtenant une durée de mise en oeuvre industrielle acceptable; ces deux conditions sont très difficiles à concilier.In addition, the viscosity of the coating material used is difficult to adapt to the work of coating the powders and loading the compression mold, while obtaining an acceptable industrial processing time; these two conditions are very difficult to reconcile.
Le brevet français 2 374 278 décrit un chargement propulsif comprimé dans lequel les grains de poudre à la nitrocellulose sont agglomérés ensemble à l'aide d'un plastifiant gélatinisant de la nitrocellulose. Parmi ces plastifiants, on cite les diisocyanates aliphatiques téléchéliques et notamment l'hexaméthylène diisocyanate Le procédé de fabrication des chargements unitaires comprend une étape d'imprégnation des grains, une étape de stabilisation, une étape de chargement-compression et éventuellement une étape de cuisson. Toutefois, en dépit des résultats annoncés, on n'a jamais pu produire industriellement des chargements ayant la composition annoncée et préparés selon la procédé décrit.French Patent 2,374,278 describes a compressed propellant charge in which the grains of nitrocellulose powder are agglomerated together using a gelatinizing nitrocellulose plasticizer. Among these plasticizers, mention is made of telechelic aliphatic diisocyanates and in particular hexamethylene diisocyanate. The process for manufacturing unit charges comprises a step of impregnating the grains, a step of stabilization, a step of loading-compression and possibly a step of cooking. However, despite the results announced, it has never been possible to produce industrially loads having the composition announced and prepared according to the process described.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un nouveau chargement dont la réalisation industrielle est facilitée tout en assurant une stabilité dimensionnelle dans les conditions de température ou de cycles thermohygrométriques applicables aux munitions, et dont les performances balistiques sont accrues.The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new load whose industrial production is facilitated while ensuring dimensional stability under the conditions of temperature or thermohygrometric cycles applicable to ammunition, and whose ballistic performance is increased.
L'invention a donc pour objet un chargement propulsif comprimé pour munitions comprenant une poudre nitrocellulosique et une matière d'enrobage, caractérisé en ce que la matière d'enrobage est constituée par un mélange d'isocyanates aliphatiques polyfonctionnels dont la viscosité est comprise entre environ 0,08 et 1 Pascal par seconde,et la poudre nitrocellulosique par un mélange de grains tubulaires de dimensions différentes, selon les pourcentages en masse respectifs de 0,2 à 7% et 99,8 à 93%.The subject of the invention is therefore a compressed propellant charge for ammunition comprising a nitrocellulose powder and a coating material, characterized in that the coating material consists of a mixture of polyfunctional aliphatic isocyanates whose viscosity is between approximately 0.08 and 1 Pascal per second, and the nitrocellulosic powder by a mixture of tubular grains of different dimensions, according to the respective percentages by mass of 0.2 to 7% and 99.8 to 93%.
Le mélange d'isocyanates aliphatiques peut être constitué par l'he- xaméthylène diisocyanate et le biuret de formule :
Le mélange d'isocyanates aliphatiques peut comprendre 25% en masse dthexaméthylène diisocyanate et 75% en masse de biuret.The mixture of aliphatic isocyanates can comprise 25% by mass of xamethylene diisocyanate and 75% by mass of biuret.
Le mélange d'isocyanates aliphatiques comprend 40% en masse d'hexa- méthylène diisocyanate et 60% en masse de biuret.The mixture of aliphatic isocyanates comprises 40% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 60% by mass of biuret.
La poudre nitrocellulosique peut être constituée de grains multitubulaires et de grainsmonotubulaires selon les pourcentages en masse respectifs de 60 à 90% et 40 à 10%.The nitrocellulose powder can consist of multitubular grains and monotubular grains according to the respective percentages by mass of 60 to 90% and 40 to 10%.
La poudre nitrocellulosique peut être constituée de grains monotubulaires longs de 5 mm environ et de grains monotubulaires courts de 1,7 mm environ selon les pourcentages en masse respectifs de 40 à 70% et 60 à 30%.The nitrocellulosic powder may consist of monotubular grains which are approximately 5 mm long and of short monotubular grains of approximately 1.7 mm according to the respective mass percentages of 40 to 70% and 60 to 30%.
Le chargement propulsif peut comprendre 95% en masse de poudre nitrocellulosique constituée de 60% en masse de poudre monotubulaire longue et de 40% en masse de poudre monotubulaire courte d'une part, et 5% en masse de matière d'enrobage constituée de 25% en masse d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate et de 75% de biuret d'autre part.The propellant charge may comprise 95% by mass of nitrocellulose powder consisting of 60% by mass of long monotubular powder and 40% by mass of short monotubular powder on the one hand, and 5% by mass of coating material consisting of 25 % by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 75% of biuret on the other hand.
Le chargement propulsif peut comprendre 99,4% en masse de poudre nitrocellulosique constituée de 68% en masse de poudre multitubulaire et 32% en masse de poudre monotubulaire d'une part, et 0,6% en masse de matière d'enrobage constituée de 40% en masse d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate et de 60% en masse de biuret.The propellant charge may comprise 99.4% by mass of nitrocellulosic powder consisting of 68% by mass of multitubular powder and 32% by mass of monotubular powder on the one hand, and 0.6% by mass of coating material consisting of 40% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 60% by mass of biuret.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'un chargement selon lequel on peut former un gel à chaud par mélange de la poudre nitrocellulosique avec les isocyanates à une température comprise entre environ 40 et 80°C, on comprime dans un moule le mélange obtenu que l'on soumet à une cuisson à cette même température durant 30 minutes à 2 heures environ.The invention also relates to a process for preparing a charge according to which a hot gel can be formed by mixing the nitrocellulosic powder with the isocyanates at a temperature between about 40 and 80 ° C., the mixture is compressed in a mold. obtained which is subjected to cooking at this same temperature for 30 minutes to 2 hours approximately.
Selon une variante, on peut mélanger la poudre nitrocellulosique avec les isocyanates, on introduit le mélange obtenu dans une douille combustible ou non, on comprime le chargement dans la douille et on laisse polymériser à température ambiante.According to a variant, the nitrocellulosic powder can be mixed with the isocyanates, the mixture obtained is introduced into a combustible or non-combustible bushing, the charge is compressed in the bushing and it is left to polymerize at room temperature.
Un avantage de la présente invention réside dans le fait que le chargement propulsif est doué de performances balistiques supérieures à celles des chargements connus, et plus simple à fabriquer par réduction du nombre d'étapes habituellement mises en oeuvre.An advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the propellant charge is endowed with ballistic performances superior to those of known charges, and simpler to manufacture by reducing the number of stages usually implemented.
Un autre avantage de la présente invention réside dans le fait que les isocyanates aliphatiques polyfonctionnels dissolvent superficiellement les grains de nitrocellulose, ce qui permet de les souder ensemble intimement lors de la compression ultérieure. Il n'y a donc pas agglomération des grains par un liant comme dans le cas des liants polyuréthanes.Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the polyfunctional aliphatic isocyanates dissolve the nitrocellulose grains superficially, which makes it possible to weld them together intimately during subsequent compression. There is therefore no agglomeration of the grains by a binder as in the case of polyurethane binders.
Un autre avantage de l'invention est que la viscosité de la matière d'enrobage peut être ajustée à volonté, ce qui permet un choix très précis de celle-ci pour adapter les conditions industrielles de fabrication et d'obtenir une durée de mise en oeuvre acceptable industriellement. On peut donc concilier deux conditions contradictoires.Another advantage of the invention is that the viscosity of the coating material can be adjusted at will, which allows a very precise choice thereof to adapt the industrial manufacturing conditions and to obtain a setting time. industrially acceptable work. We can therefore reconcile two contradictory conditions.
On obtient ainsi selon l'invention des chargements dont la tenue mécanique est nettement plus importante que celle obtenue avec des polyuréthanes, ce qui permet également de réaliser industriellement des chargements pour munitions sans douille.According to the invention, loads are thus obtained whose mechanical strength is clearly greater than that obtained with polyurethanes, which also makes it possible to produce loads for ammunition without a cartridge case industrially.
Pour préparer le chargement selon l'invention on utilise des poudres nitrocellulosiques classiques dont les grains sont de forme mono- ou multitubulaire. Bien entendu, on peut utiliser des mélanges de grains de forme et de dimensions différentes selon les besoins de l'homme de l'art.To prepare the charge according to the invention, conventional nitrocellulose powders are used, the grains of which are of mono- or multitubular form. Of course, it is possible to use mixtures of grains of different shape and size according to the needs of a person skilled in the art.
Parmi les isocyanates aliphatiques polyfonctionnels on a choisi l'hexaméthylène diisocyanate qui est volatil et le biuret qui est visqueux à température ordinaire. L'hexanéthylène diisocyanate et le biuret substitué de l'hexaméthylène diisocyanate sont couramment disponibles dans le commerce et sont mélangeables en toutes proportions, ce qui permet une variation continue de la viscosité et un choix très précis de celle-ci. Ce mélange réagit avec la nitrocellulose en donnant un gel devenant particulièrement rigide et mis à profit pour souder ensembleiles grains.Among the polyfunctional aliphatic isocyanates, hexamethylene diisocyanate is chosen which is volatile and biuret which is viscous at ordinary temperature. Hexanethylene diisocyanate and the substituted biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate are commonly commercially available and can be mixed in any proportion, which allows a continuous variation of the viscosity and a very precise choice thereof. This mixture reacts with nitrocellulose giving a gel which becomes particularly rigid and which is used to weld together the grains.
: Pour réaliser le chargement selon l'invention, on s'y prend de la manière suivante ou de façon équivalente. On choisit d'abord le mélange d'isocyanates selon la viscosité désirée ainsi que les poudres nitrocellulosiques à mettre en oeuvre; on les mélange dans un malaxeur. Le mélange obtenu peut être conservé tel quel pendant environ une heure, ce qui facilite les manipulations ultérieures et constitue un avantage indéniable dans une mise en oeuvre industrielle. Ce mélange est ensuite introduit dans un moule ou une douille où il est comprimé à la pression désirée par exemple entre 80. 105 et 10 8 Pa.: To carry out the loading according to the invention, it is done in the following manner or in an equivalent manner. The mixture of isocyanates is first chosen according to the desired viscosity as well as the nitrocellulosic powders to be used; they are mixed in a mixer. The mixture obtained can be stored as it is for about an hour, which facilitates subsequent handling and constitutes an undeniable advantage in industrial processing. This mixture is then introduced into a mold or a socket where it is compressed to the desired pressure, for example between 80. 10 5 and 10 8 Pa.
Lorsqu'on utilise un moule, celui-ci est ensuite placé dans une cuve contenant de l'eau à une température entre 40 et 90°C pendant environ 30 à 90 minutes; l'eau joue le rôle d'un écran protecteur supplémentaire contre l'incendie éventuel. A la sortie du bain et après refroidissement partiel le chargement est démoulé et est traité de façon classique pour l'adapter au calibre désiré. Lorsqu'on comprime le chargement directement dans la douille, l'obus est mis en place immédiatement puis les munitions sont stockées.When using a mold, it is then placed in a tank containing water at a temperature between 40 and 90 ° C for about 30 to 90 minutes; the water acts as an additional protective screen against possible fire. At the end of the bath and after partial cooling, the load is removed from the mold and is treated in a conventional manner to adapt it to the desired size. When the load is compressed directly into the cartridge case, the shell is put in place immediately and the ammunition is stored.
Ce type de chargement est particulièrement bien adapté pour la confection de munitions de calibre compris entre 5,56 et 30 mm et on ajuste de façon connue la dimension des grains de poudre au calibre de la munition fabriquée.This type of loading is particularly well suited for making ammunition of caliber between 5.56 and 30 mm and the size of the powder grains is adjusted in a known manner to the caliber of the ammunition manufactured.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention sans en limiter la portée.The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting its scope.
On réalise selon le procédé enseigné 10 chargements propulsifs ccnnpri- més pour munitions sans douille de calibre 25 mm, à partir d'une poudre nitrocellulosique et d'une matière d'enrobage selon les pourcentages en masse respectifs de 95% et 5%. La poudre nitrocellulosique est elle-même un mélange de grains différents de :
- - 60% en masse de poudre monotubulaire longue de 5 mm,
- - 40% en masse de poudre monotubulaire courte de 1,7mm.
- - 60% by mass of 5 mm long monotubular powder,
- - 40% by mass of short monotubular powder of 1.7mm.
La matière d'enrobage est le mélange d'isocyanates :
- - 25% en masse d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate,
- - 75% en masse de biuret.
- - 25% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate,
- - 75% by mass of biuret.
Après mélange, compression et démoulage, on soumet les chargements aux trois cycles thermohygrométriques suivants :
- - 5 heures à 60°C,
- - 4 heures à 80°C,
- - 8 heures à -54°C.
- - 5 hours at 60 ° C,
- - 4 hours at 80 ° C,
- - 8 hours at -54 ° C.
On observe un allongement résiduel compris entre 0 et 0,15 mm, soit 1,5‰.There is a residual elongation between 0 and 0.15 mm, or 1.5 ‰.
En soumettant des chargements du même type mais dans lesquels on remplace uniquement le mélange d'isocyanates par un polyuréthane compatible avec la nitrocellulose aux mêmes cycles thermohygrométriques, l'allongement observé est voisin de 1,5 mm soit 15‰. On voit donc que la stabilité dimensionnelle après choc thermique du chargement selon l'invention est nettement améliorée.By subjecting loads of the same type but in which only the mixture of isocyanates is replaced by a polyurethane compatible with nitrocellulose with the same thermohygrometric cycles, the elongation observed is close to 1.5 mm, ie 15 ‰. It can therefore be seen that the dimensional stability after thermal shock of the load according to the invention is significantly improved.
On réalise 10 chargements de calibre 25 mm conformément à l'exemple précédent ayant la composition suivante :
- 98% en masse de poudre nitrocellulosique comprenant :
- - 45% en masse de poudre monotubulaire longue de 5 mm,
- - 55% en masse de poudre monotubulaire courte de 1,7 mm;
- 2% en masse de matière d'enrobage comprenant :
- - 15% en masse d'hexaméthylène disocyanate,
- - 85% en masse de biuret.
- 98% by mass of nitrocellulose powder comprising:
- - 45% by mass of 5 mm long monotubular powder,
- - 55% by mass of short monotubular powder of 1.7 mm;
- 2% by mass of coating material comprising:
- - 15% by mass of hexamethylene disocyanate,
- - 85% by mass of biuret.
Après mélange, compression et démoulage, on soumet ces chargements aux cycles de vieillissement indiqués. L'allongement résiduel reste inférieur 0,15mm.After mixing, compression and demolding, these loads are subjected to the indicated aging cycles. The residual elongation remains less than 0.15 mm.
On réalise selon le procédé enseigné 10 chargements propulsifs comprimés de calibre 30 mm pour arme 30/55 , à partir de la composition suivante :
- 99,4% en masse de poudre nitrocellulosique comportant :
- - 68% en masse de poudre multitubulaire de 3 mm,
- - 32% en masse de poudre monotubulaire de 3 mm;
- 0,6% en masse de matière d'enrobage comprenant :
- - 40% en masse d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate,
- -60% en masse de biuret.
- 99.4% by mass of nitrocellulose powder comprising:
- - 68% by mass of 3 mm multitubular powder,
- - 32% by mass of 3 mm monotubular powder;
- 0.6% by mass of coating material comprising:
- - 40% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate,
- -60% by mass of biuret.
Après malaxage, on introduit le mélange dans les douilles, on comprime et on met en place les obus.After mixing, the mixture is introduced into the sockets, it is compressed and the shells are put in place.
Les performances obtenues sont les suivantes :
- - nombre de coups : 6
- - pression maximale moyennne : 3056.10 Pa (mesurée par capteur piézoé- lectrique),
- - vitesse des projectiles mesurée à 25 m de la bouche du canon : 894,3 m/s.
- - number of shots: 6
- - maximum average pressure: 3056.10 Pa (measured by piezoelectric sensor),
- - speed of the projectiles measured at 25 m from the muzzle of the cannon: 894.3 m / s.
On prépare 10 chargements comprimés analogues à ceux de l'exemple précédent, mais dans lequel la matière d'enrobage présente la composition suivante :
- - 27% en masse d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate,
- - 73% en masse de biuret.
- - 27% by mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate,
- - 73% by mass of biuret.
Les munitions obtenues sont testées de la même manière .The ammunition obtained is tested in the same way.
Les résultats obtenus sont quasiment identiques.The results obtained are almost identical.
On réalise 10 chargements comprimés analogues à ceux de l'exemple 1 mais dans lequel on mélange 93,5% en masse de poudre nitrocellulosique et 6,5% en masse de liant.10 tablet loads similar to those of Example 1 are produced, but in which 93.5% by mass of nitrocellulose powder and 6.5% by mass of binder are mixed.
Après compression et démoulage, on soumet les chargements préparés aux mêmes cycles de vieillissement. L'allongement résiduel reste toujours inférieur à 0,15 mm.After compression and demolding, the prepared loads are subjected to the same aging cycles. The residual elongation is always less than 0.15 mm.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8305021A FR2543540B1 (en) | 1983-03-28 | 1983-03-28 | COMPRESSED PROPULSIVE LOADING FOR AMMUNITION AND PREPARATION METHOD |
| FR8305021 | 1983-03-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0124398A1 true EP0124398A1 (en) | 1984-11-07 |
| EP0124398B1 EP0124398B1 (en) | 1986-10-22 |
Family
ID=9287288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19840400621 Expired EP0124398B1 (en) | 1983-03-28 | 1984-03-28 | Compressed propellant charge for munition and process for its manufacture |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0124398B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3461025D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2543540B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2250739A (en) * | 1988-09-10 | 1992-06-17 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Propellant for a hybrid weapon |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3711343A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Cellular nitrocellulose based composition and method of making |
| US3711344A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Processing of crosslinked nitrocellulose propellants |
| US3883378A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1975-05-13 | Us Army | Thermally stable nitrostarch |
| GB2022112A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-12 | Hercules Inc | Crosslinked double base propellant binders |
| GB2073764A (en) * | 1980-03-20 | 1981-10-21 | Hercules Inc | Crosslinked Propellants |
-
1983
- 1983-03-28 FR FR8305021A patent/FR2543540B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-03-28 DE DE8484400621T patent/DE3461025D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-28 EP EP19840400621 patent/EP0124398B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3883378A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1975-05-13 | Us Army | Thermally stable nitrostarch |
| US3711344A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Processing of crosslinked nitrocellulose propellants |
| US3711343A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Cellular nitrocellulose based composition and method of making |
| GB2022112A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-12 | Hercules Inc | Crosslinked double base propellant binders |
| GB2073764A (en) * | 1980-03-20 | 1981-10-21 | Hercules Inc | Crosslinked Propellants |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2250739A (en) * | 1988-09-10 | 1992-06-17 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Propellant for a hybrid weapon |
| US5188682A (en) * | 1988-09-10 | 1993-02-23 | Diehl Gmbh & Co. | Propellent medium for hybrid weapon |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0124398B1 (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| FR2543540B1 (en) | 1985-06-28 |
| DE3461025D1 (en) | 1986-11-27 |
| FR2543540A1 (en) | 1984-10-05 |
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