EP0122783B1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Lichtbündelabtastung, unter Verwendung eines Hologramms - Google Patents

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Lichtbündelabtastung, unter Verwendung eines Hologramms Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0122783B1
EP0122783B1 EP84302517A EP84302517A EP0122783B1 EP 0122783 B1 EP0122783 B1 EP 0122783B1 EP 84302517 A EP84302517 A EP 84302517A EP 84302517 A EP84302517 A EP 84302517A EP 0122783 B1 EP0122783 B1 EP 0122783B1
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Prior art keywords
light beam
disk
hologram
wavelength
reconstruction
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EP84302517A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0122783A3 (en
EP0122783A2 (de
Inventor
Fumio Yamagishi
Shinya Hasegawa
Hiroyuki Ikeda
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/12—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by photographic printing, e.g. by laser printers
    • G06K15/1285—Holographic scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G02B26/106—Scanning systems having diffraction gratings as scanning elements, e.g. holographic scanners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to light beam scanning, more particularly, it relates to a method for constructing a hologram having interference fringes on a transparent disk, and to a method and apparatus for scanning a light beam during reconstruction of such a hologram.
  • the present invention is advantageous for use in a laser printer of a computer system.
  • a laser printer is mainly constituted by a laser beam source producing a coherent light beam, for example, an He-Ne gas laser or a semiconductor laser, an ultrasonic light modulator, a multi-faceted rotating mirror, an f ⁇ lens, and a drum.
  • a laser beam source producing a coherent light beam for example, an He-Ne gas laser or a semiconductor laser
  • an ultrasonic light modulator for example, an ultrasonic light modulator
  • a multi-faceted rotating mirror for example, an ultrasonic light modulator, a multi-faceted rotating mirror, an f ⁇ lens, and a drum.
  • the constitution of these elements, particularly the multi-faceted rotating mirror requires a highly-complex structure and high precision assembly during manufacture. As a result, laser printers are very expensive.
  • the hologram will include interference fringes having a variation of spatial frequency with a minimum of rate of change of spatial frequency.
  • the zone of incidence of the playback beam on the hologram may include this minimum.
  • EP-A-0 041 845 by the present applicant discloses a light scanning apparatus using a hologram disk in which a laser source provides a reconstruction beam of a selectable wavelength which may be different from that of object and reference light beams used in construction of the hologram disk.
  • spherical object wave and planar reference wave spherical object wave and planar reference wave
  • cylindrical object wave and spherical reference wave spherical reference wave
  • diverging spherical object wave and converging spherical reference wave None of these combinations apparently gives rise to interference fringes having a variation of spatial frequency with a minimum of rate of change of spatial frequency.
  • an apparatus for producing a scanning light beam comprising:
  • a method of producing a scanning light beam comprising:
  • An embodiment of the present invention can provide a hologram having sufficient precision to make it capable of use in a laser printer.
  • An embodiment of the present invention can also provide a method for constructing a hologram having improved interference fringes.
  • An embodiment of the present invention can also provide a method and apparatus for scanning a laser light beam during a reconstruction of a hologram used as a laser printer.
  • hologram scanner a light beam scanning apparatus (hereinafter called hologram scanner) using a conventional hologram disk, and of a conventional method for constructing a hologram.
  • the hologram scanner is mainly constituted by a motor 1, a hologram disk 2, a laser beam source 3, and a lens 4.
  • the hologram disk 2 consists of transparent material and is rotated at high speed by the motor 1.
  • a reconstruction laser beam 5 generated from the laser source 3 is incident on a hologram (e.g., 23) through the lens 4, and diffracted by the interference fringes of the hologram.
  • the light beam diffracted by the interference fringes forms a scanning beam 6, and the scanning beam 6 scans on the screen 7 according to the rotation of the hologram disk 2 (in the case of the laser printer, a surface of a drum is scanned) in the direction shown by an arrow along a scanning line 71.
  • Fig. 2(A) illustrates the pattern of the interference fringes
  • (B) illustrates a method for providing such interference fringes on the hologram disk 2.
  • This method was disclosed by Xerox Corporation (UK Patent Application GB 2024449A, Charles J. Kramer).
  • the hologram is formed by interference fringes having the same interval, as shown in (A).
  • Such a hologram is obtained by the interference of two reference wave light beams each having a plane wave front.
  • the method shown in this Figure was disclosed by Nippon Electric Co. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 54-104849).
  • the hologram is formed by interference fringes which increase in interval in the direction shown by the arrow line in (A).
  • Such a hologram is obtained by the interference of two reference wave light beams, one having a diverging spherical wave surface and the other a converging spherical wave surface, as shown in (B).
  • this method was disclosed by Fujitsu Limited (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57-2018).
  • the hologram is formed by a similar pattern of interference fringes to that in Fig. 3(A).
  • such a hologram is obtained by the interference of two reference wave light beams, one having a diverging spherical wave front and the other a plane wave front, as shown in (B).
  • the precision for the position of the scanning line 71 (scanning track) must be, in general, within ⁇ 25 pm, when in use as a laser printer. This means that the eccentricity (displacement) of the axis between the motor 1 and the hologram disk 2 must be less than ⁇ 5 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • a spatial frequency monotonically decreases or increases in a radial direction, as shown in (A).
  • a diffraction angle obtained between the hologram and the scanning beam 6 also monotonically decreases or increases. Accordingly, when eccentricity of the axis between the motor 1 and the hologram disk 2 occurs, the diffraction angle changes in accordance with such axis eccentricity and, consequently, fluctuation occurs in the irradiated scanning beam 6.
  • ⁇ 1 is the incident angle of a reconstruction beam 5 irradiated from the laser beam source 3, and ⁇ d is a diffraction angle obtained by a scanning beam 6.
  • Reference 0 shows the center of a hologram disk 2.
  • the reconstruction beam 5 strikes a point P 1 on the hologram, at a distance r o from the center O.
  • the scanning beam 6 diffracted by the diffraction angle ⁇ d is irradiated to a screen 7 over a distance L from the hologram disk 2.
  • the diameter of one dot is approximately 105.8 pm. Accordingly, the fluctuation Ay must be within one quarter dot (approximately, ⁇ 26 ⁇ m).
  • reference numeral 11 shows a transparent glass, for example, glass disk, being provided with a hologram of a predetermined pattern on the surface thereof.
  • the hologram is obtained by interference between a reference wave light beam having a diverging spherical wave front with focal point f 1 as a first point light source, located at a predetermined distance f A on the center axis 12 of the disk 11, and an object wave light beam having a similar diverging spherical wave front of a focal point f 2 as a second point light source, located on the axis 13 at a predetermined distance f B from a point a distance R from the center axis of the disk 11.
  • the interference fringes obtained by this method are illustrated in Fig. 9(A).
  • the interference fringes are fine (closely spaced) toward the center and coarse (widely spaced) toward both inner and outer sides of the hologram. Accordingly, the center of the hologram has a large spatial frequency and both the inner and outer sides of the hologram have a small spatial frequency.
  • the reconstruction laser beam is incident upon the hologram at a distance r from the center O of the hologram disk 11.
  • the spatial frequency f at a distance r is obtained by the following formula, where, ⁇ 1 is a construction beam wavelength.
  • the preferred incident position distance r o of the reconstruction laser beam is obtained by the distance r sufficient to satisfy the formula (7) (if the distance r o is fixed, the preferred f A is chosen so as to satisfy the formula (7)).
  • the longitudinal axis indicates the spatial frequency f per unit mm
  • the transverse axis indicates the distance r from the center of the hologram disk.
  • Curve I solid line
  • curve II dotted line
  • the stationary value that is, the maximum
  • the wavelength of the reconstruction laser beam semiconductor laser
  • the longitudinal axis indicates the allowance value (Ar) of the eccentricity at the center of the hologram disk
  • straight line scanning is possible by making the wavelength of the reconstruction laser beam ⁇ 2 longer than the wavelength of the construction wave laser beam ⁇ 1 .
  • This embodiment can minimise the effect of not only the eccentricity of the axis (axial displacement) between the motor axis and the center of the hologram disk, but also the change in the hologram disk orientation (angular deflection) due to wobble.
  • the hologram disk 11 is deflected to the orientation 11' by a deflection angle ⁇ with respect to the center axis. Then, as shown in Fig. 12, the fluctuation of the scanning line on the screen 7 is Ay, and the deflection angle of the diffraction angle ⁇ d is the angle ⁇ d . Also, the incident angle of the reconstruction laser beam of wavelength ⁇ is the angle ⁇ i .
  • the fluctuation of the scanning line Ay is given by the formula (3). Accordingly, the permissible deflection angle ⁇ d is obtained from the following calculation,
  • the distance L between the hologram disk and the screen is 450 mm, and the allowance value of the fluctuation of the scanning line is 26 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum allowance value of the deflection angle d ⁇ is obtained when the incident angle ⁇ 1 is equal to the diffraction angle 8 d , to obtain the maximum margin for the allowance value for the deflection of the surface of the hologram disk.
  • the longitudinal axis indicates the deflection angle ⁇ d (sec) of the diffraction angle A d
  • the transverse axis indicates the deflection angle ⁇ (min) of the surface of the hologram disk.
  • Curve I solid line
  • curve II dotted line
  • the chain-dotted line III indicates the limitation target value (12 sec) of the angle ⁇ o obtained by calculation.
  • the allowance value of the deflection angle ⁇ for the target value (12 sec) is 23 (min) according to the present invention, while, according to the conventional method, the allowance value of ⁇ is only 6 (sec). Accordingly, the allowance value for the deflection angle ⁇ can now give a sufficiently large margin.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a light beam scanning apparatus (hologram scanner) used as a laser printer.
  • reference numeral 31 denotes a laser source, 32 a reconstruction beam, 33 a mirror, 34 a light modulator, 35 a control unit, 36 a modulated reconstruction beam, 37 a motor as a shifting means, 38 a hologram disk, 39 a scanning beam, 40 a photo sensitive drum, 41 a a developer, and 41b a printed sheet.
  • a hologram is arranged on the hologram disk 38 as shown by the methods in Figs. 8 and 9(A), (B), and 13.
  • the hologram disk 38 is rotated by the motor 37 as a shifting means for the scanning beam.
  • the reconstruction beam 32 emitted from the laser source 31 (having a freely adjustable wavelength) is reflected by the mirror 33 and then enters the light modulator 34.
  • the light modulator turns the incident light beam ON or OFF in accordance with a control signal.
  • the control signal is supplied from the control unit 35.
  • the control unit 35 generates control signals corresponding to white and black patterns when an image to be printed is equally divided in the horizontal direction.
  • the modulator 34 outputs the modulated reconstruction beam 36 by modulating the reconstruction beam 32 under the control signal.
  • this output beam 36 is irradiated to the hologram disk 38 which is rotated by the motor 37.
  • the rotation of the hologram disk 38 diffracts the modulated reconstruction beam 36 as the scanning beam 39, based on the above principles.
  • the scanning beam 39 scans in a straight line on the photo-sensitive drum 40.
  • the photo-sensitive drum is sensitive to this beam and an electrostatic latent image is formed on its surface.
  • the photo-sensitive drum 40 having the latent image on its surface rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow.
  • the developer 41a develops and fixes the latent image on the printing sheet 41b on the drum. Thereby characters to be printed, as indicated by the control unit 35, are printed on the printing sheet 41 b.

Claims (6)

1. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Abtastlichtstrahls, mit:
einer rotierenden Scheibe (2, 11), die ein Hologramm hat, welches erhalten wurde durch: Einstrahlen eines Referenzwellenlichtstrahls als ein Konstruktionswellenlichtstrahl, der eine divergierende sphärische Wellenfront hat, von einer ersten Punktlichtquelle (fi), die in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (fA) von der Scheibe auf der Rotationsachse derselben angeordnet ist;
Einstrahlen eines Objektwellenlichtstrahls von einer ersten Wellenlänge (λ1) als einem Konstruktionswellenlichtstrahl, der eine divergierende sphärische Wellenfront hat, von einer zweiten Punktlichtquelle (f2), die in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (fB, R) von der Scheibe und von der Rotationsachse angeordnet ist; und Bewirken einer Interferenz zwischen dem genannten Referenzwellenlichtstrahl und dem genannten Objektwellenlichtstrahl auf der genannten Scheibe (2, 11), um so Interferenzstreifen auf der Scheibe zu bilden;
welche Vorrichtung ferner umfaßt:
eine Lichtstrahlenquelle (3), die betriebbar ist, um einen Rekonstruktionsstrahl (5) zu erzeugen;
und rotierende Einrichtungen (1) zum Rotieren der Scheibe, um einen abtastenden Lichtstrahl (6) zu erzeugen;
bei der die genannten Interferenzstreifen eine räumliche Variation von räumlicher Frequenz einschließlich einem Minimum einer Rate der Änderung der räumlichen Frequenz haben; und bei der
die genannte Lichtstrahlenquelle (3) betreibbar ist, um den Rekonstruktionsstrahl mit einer zweiten Wellenlänge (λ, λ2) zu erzeugen, die größer als die erste Wellenlänge ist, wobei die erste Wellenlänge (λ1) und die zweite Wellenlänge (λ, A2) derart sind, daß ein direkt verwendbarer, geradliniger abtastender Lichtstrahl (6) direkt von der Scheibe (2, 11) erhalten wird, und der Rekonstruktionslichtstrahl auf Punkte (P1, P2, P3, P4) auf der Scheibe bei oder in der Nähe der minimalen Rate der Änderung der räumlichen Frequenz gerichtet wird.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die genannten ersten und zweiten Punktlichtquellen (fi, fz) in demselben vorbestimmten Abstand von der Ebene der Scheibe (2, 11) und symmetrisch in Bezug auf eine senkrechte Linie (13) durch den Punkt (P4) angeordnet sind, auf den der Rekonstruktionsstrahl (5) gerichtet ist.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Lichtstrahlenquelle (3) betreibbar ist, um einen Rekonstruktionsstrahl (5) längs einer Richtung zu lenken, die unabhängig von jener des Objektwellenlichtstrahls oder des Referenzwellenlichtstrahls ist, wobei der Einfallswinkel des Rekonstruktionsstrahls auf der Scheibe und der Winkel der Beugung so gewählt sind, daß:
Figure imgb0015
und
Figure imgb0016
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die genannte Lichtstrahlenquelle (3) für den Rekonstruktionsstrahl (5) einen Halbleiterlaser umfaßt, und der Referenz- und/oder Objektwellenlichtstrahl von einem Argonlaser erzeugt werden.
5. Laserdrucker mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abtastenden Lichtstrahls mit:
Bilden eines Hologramms auf einer rotierbaren Scheibe (2, 11) durch:
Einstrahlen eines Referenzwellenlichtstrahls als ein Konstruktionswellenlichtstrahl, der eine divergierende sphärische Wellenfront hat, von einer ersten Punktlichtquelle (fi), die in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (fA) von der Scheibe auf der Rotationsachse derselben angeordnet ist;
Einstrahlen eines Objektwellenlichtstrahls von einer ersten Wellenlänge (λ1) als einem Konstruktionswellenlichtstrahl, der eine divergierende sphärische Wellenfront hat, von einer zweiten Punktlichtquelle (fz), die in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (fB, R) von der Scheibe und von der Rotationsachse angeordnet ist; und Bewirken einer Interferenz zwischen dem genannten Referenzwellenlichtstrahl und dem genannten Objektwellenlichtstrahl auf der genannten Scheibe (2, 11), um so Interferenzstreifen auf der Scheibe zu bilden;
Richten eines Rekonstruktionsstrahls auf die Scheibe;
und Rotieren der Scheibe, um den abtastenden Lichtstrahl zu erzeugen;
wobei die genannten Interferenzstreifen eine räumliche Variation von räumlicher Frequenz haben, welche genannte Variation ein Minimum einer Rate der Änderung der räumlichen Frequenz einschließt; und wobei
der Rekonstruktionsstrahl eine zweite Wellenlänge (λ, λ2) hat, die größer als die erste Wellenlänge ist, wobei die erste Wellenlänge (λ1) und die zweite Wellenlänge (λ, λ2) derart sind, daß ein direkt verwendbarer, geradliniger abtastender Lichtstrahl (6) direkt von der Scheibe (2, 11) erhalten wird, und der Rekonstruktionslichtstrahl auf Punkte (P1, P2, P3, P4) auf der Schiebe bei oder in der Nähe der minimalen Rate der Änderung der räumlichen Frequenz gerichtet wird.
EP84302517A 1983-04-13 1984-04-13 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Lichtbündelabtastung, unter Verwendung eines Hologramms Expired EP0122783B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP66145/83 1983-04-13
JP58066145A JPS59191007A (ja) 1983-04-13 1983-04-13 光ビ−ム走査方法

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EP0122783A2 EP0122783A2 (de) 1984-10-24
EP0122783A3 EP0122783A3 (en) 1986-06-25
EP0122783B1 true EP0122783B1 (de) 1989-11-02

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Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4923262A (en) * 1985-11-06 1990-05-08 Holographix, Inc. Scanner system having rotating deflector hologram
EP0223508A3 (de) * 1985-11-06 1987-10-14 Holographix, Inc. Abtastsystem mit einem rotierenden Hologrammm als Ablenkvorrichtung
DE68922773T2 (de) * 1988-03-25 1995-09-28 Fujitsu Ltd Lichtbündelabtaster.
US5283690A (en) * 1989-04-04 1994-02-01 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Optical diffraction grating element
JP2642207B2 (ja) * 1989-12-27 1997-08-20 シャープ株式会社 ホログラムの記録再生方法
DE69233577T2 (de) * 1991-03-27 2006-06-14 Fujitsu Ltd Lichtabtastvorrichtung
US5212501A (en) * 1991-04-30 1993-05-18 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus with a laser optical unit
EP0559492B1 (de) * 1992-03-05 1996-11-13 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Holographischer Scanner
US5255065A (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Conically scanned holographic lidar telescope

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS512018A (de) * 1974-06-22 1976-01-09 Akira Ito
US4239326A (en) * 1976-07-23 1980-12-16 Xerox Corporation Holographic scanner for reconstructing a scanning light spot insensitive to a mechanical wobble
FR2395515A1 (fr) * 1977-06-21 1979-01-19 Dba Dispositif electrique de detection de la presence de copeaux dans une gorge
US4243293A (en) * 1978-07-03 1981-01-06 Xerox Corporation Holographic scanner insensitive to mechanical wobble
JPS5647019A (en) * 1979-09-25 1981-04-28 Nec Corp Aberration correcting method of hologram scanner
JPS572018A (en) * 1980-06-06 1982-01-07 Fujitsu Ltd Light scanner

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Publication number Publication date
EP0122783A3 (en) 1986-06-25
JPH0341805B2 (de) 1991-06-25
JPS59191007A (ja) 1984-10-30
DE3480358D1 (en) 1989-12-07
US4925262A (en) 1990-05-15
EP0122783A2 (de) 1984-10-24

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