EP0122267A4 - Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis. - Google Patents

Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis.

Info

Publication number
EP0122267A4
EP0122267A4 EP19830903133 EP83903133A EP0122267A4 EP 0122267 A4 EP0122267 A4 EP 0122267A4 EP 19830903133 EP19830903133 EP 19830903133 EP 83903133 A EP83903133 A EP 83903133A EP 0122267 A4 EP0122267 A4 EP 0122267A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dialysis solution
peritoneal dialysis
peritoneal
opsonin
solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19830903133
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0122267A1 (en
Inventor
William F Keane
Phillip K Peterson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION Inc
MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RES FOUNDA
Original Assignee
MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION Inc
MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RES FOUNDA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION Inc, MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RES FOUNDA filed Critical MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION Inc
Publication of EP0122267A1 publication Critical patent/EP0122267A1/en
Publication of EP0122267A4 publication Critical patent/EP0122267A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • A61K38/1725—Complement proteins, e.g. anaphylatoxin, C3a or C5a
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A61M1/287—Dialysates therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/12—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria

Definitions

  • Dialysis solution is passed into the peritoneal cavity and allowed to dwell for a period of hours while it engages in dialysis across the membranes of the peritoneal cavity for removal of metabolic waste products. The dialysis solution is then removed from the peritoneal cavity, and, in the case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, promptly replaced with another quantity of fresh dialysis solution.
  • an opsonin for microorganisms is administered to the peritoneal cavity of a patient in sufficient dose to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis.
  • the peritoneal cavity contains white cells, particularly those known as peritoneal macrophages.
  • an opsonin for example mixed with the peritoneal dialysis solution, potentiates the white cell activity in the peritoneal cavity, causing them to destroy greater numbers of bacteria and thus to suppress peritonitis symptoms.
  • opsonins may naturally be found in the peritoneal cavity, it has been noted that some patients appear to lack sufficient opsonin concentrations to effectively suppress peritonitis when exposed to it.
  • the artificial addition of opsonins to the peritoneal cavity can be a valuable tool in suppressing the symptoms of peritonitis, and particularly to prevent its occurrence.
  • opsonin relates to any agent that modifies microorganisms to promote white cells to phagocytize the microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and the like. It is believed that a typical opsonin coats or otherwise- attaches itself to the microorganism, and facilitates the action of the white cell in phagocytizing and typically destroying it.
  • gamma globulin a known therapeutic blood fraction, is a known opsonin, which is particularly effective against gram positive bacteria.
  • Complement which is also a therapeutic blood fraction, may also be used, being a known opsonin for gram negative bacteria.
  • Separated components of gamma globulin and complement may also be used, i.e., specific IgG antibodies (e.g., peptidoglycan antibodies) or a C3B-containing component of complement.
  • the opsonin may be administered to the peritoneal cavity in any desired way, for example by injection, but in the case of peritoneal dialysis patients it is preferable to make use of the peritoneal catheter, which provides communication between the peritoneal cavity and the exterior, to administer the opsonin.
  • the opsonin may be added to the peritoneal dialysis solution prior to its administration to the peritoneal cavity by mixing with the solution just prior to such administration.
  • the opsonin may be placed in the solution as it is manufactured so that it is unnecessary for the user to have to administer extra opsonin, above and beyond that which is provided by the peritoneal dialysis solution itself.
  • the peritoneal dialysis solution which contains an opsonin such as gamma globulin or complement may have the opsonin present in any desired, safe and effective
  • gamma globulin or components thereof may be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg. of dialysis solution, preferably no more than 5 mg. per ml.
  • the C3 portion of tne complement may be present in the solution in a
  • opsonins may also be provided to the peritoneal dialysis solution or otherwise administered as may be desired, for example C-reactive protein or fibronectin.
  • the peritoneal dialysis solution into which the opsonins are added may be otherwise of conventional formulation, being of physiologically tolerable pH and having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal 0 dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient.
  • glucose may be pres'ent as the osmotic agent
  • the ions of the physiological salts may include sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, acetate, and lactate, for example, in conventional concentrations. Potassium ion as well as other physiologically compatible ions may also be present if appropriate.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a container of peritoneal dialysis solution in communication with the peritoneal cavity of a patient, using conventional equipment.
  • container 10 of peritoneal dialysis solution may be of a design which is commercially available from Travenol Laboratories, Inc. of Deerfield, Illinois.
  • Container 10 communicates with a transfer set 12, which is also commercially available from the same company, and communicates with a conventional Tenckhoff catheter 14 which is permanently implanted in the peritoneal cavity of a patient 15.
  • the solution contents of container 10 typically 2 liters
  • the patient can then fold or roll up the flexible container 10 into a small package and wear it under his clothes in compact form for a period of about four hours.
  • the patient unfolds container 10, opens catheter 14, and allows the spent dialysis solution to drain back into container 10. Thereafter he closes container 10 with a clamp, disconnects it from set 12, and replaces the connection with a new container of fresh dialysis solution.
  • a typical peritoneal dialysis solution which may be utilized in this invention may contain, per 100 ml., 1.5 to 4.25 grams of dextrose hydrous U.S.P., 500 mg. of sodium chloride ⁇ .S.P, 448 mg. of sodium lactate, 25.7 gm. of calcium chloride ⁇ .S.P., and 5.08 mg. of magnesium chloride U.S.P.
  • the pH may preferably be about 5.5, broadly ranging from about pH 5 to 7.
  • 100 mg. of gamma globulin per liter of dialysis solution present may be added to the container 10 by injection syringe 20 through auxiliary medication port 18, which may be of conventional design, to mix with the peritoneal dialysis solution present in container 10.
  • 100 mg. per liter of dialysis solution of the C-3 component of complement may be added, either as part of whole complement or a purified fraction thereof.
  • 100 mg. per liter of the same C-3 component may be added as a further additive to the solution along with the gamma globulin.
  • peritoneal dialysis causes peritoneal dialysis to proceed in ordinary manner, but with the symptoms of peritonitis being effectively suppressed, since the presence of opsonins causes greater white- cell phagocytosis and subsequent destruction of any bacteria or other microorganisms present.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

Opsonins for microorganisms may be placed into the peritoneal cavity of a patient to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis and particularly to prevent its occurrence. The opsonin may be mixed with peritoneal dialysis solution.

Description

OPSONINS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Technical Field and Prior Art
Chronic peritoneal dialysis has been a highly successful means for the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Dialysis solution is passed into the peritoneal cavity and allowed to dwell for a period of hours while it engages in dialysis across the membranes of the peritoneal cavity for removal of metabolic waste products. The dialysis solution is then removed from the peritoneal cavity, and, in the case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, promptly replaced with another quantity of fresh dialysis solution.
One significant drawback to the various forms of peritoneal dialysis is that patients who engage in it are subject to peritonitis. While it has been found that peritonitis can be handled with antibiotics, it is potentially among the most serious of infections, due to the sensitivity of the peritoneal cavity to infection. In accordance with this invention, a technique is proposed for the suppression of peritonitis and its symptoms, particularly that peritonitis which takes place in patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis.
Description of Invention
By this invention, an opsonin for microorganisms is administered to the peritoneal cavity of a patient in sufficient dose to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis. It is known that the peritoneal cavity contains white cells, particularly those known as peritoneal macrophages. By this invention, the addition of an opsonin, for example mixed with the peritoneal dialysis solution, potentiates the white cell activity in the peritoneal cavity, causing them to destroy greater numbers of bacteria and thus to suppress peritonitis symptoms. While opsonins may naturally be found in the peritoneal cavity, it has been noted that some patients appear to lack sufficient opsonin concentrations to effectively suppress peritonitis when exposed to it. The artificial addition of opsonins to the peritoneal cavity can be a valuable tool in suppressing the symptoms of peritonitis, and particularly to prevent its occurrence.
It is believed that the types of opsonins which may be used in the method of this invention are unlimited, subject, of course, to the natural restrictions relating to toxicity, allergic reaction, and the like. Broadly, the word "opsonin" relates to any agent that modifies microorganisms to promote white cells to phagocytize the microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and the like. It is believed that a typical opsonin coats or otherwise- attaches itself to the microorganism, and facilitates the action of the white cell in phagocytizing and typically destroying it. For example, gamma globulin, a known therapeutic blood fraction, is a known opsonin, which is particularly effective against gram positive bacteria. Complement, which is also a therapeutic blood fraction, may also be used, being a known opsonin for gram negative bacteria. Separated components of gamma globulin and complement may also be used, i.e., specific IgG antibodies (e.g., peptidoglycan antibodies) or a C3B-containing component of complement.
The opsonin may be administered to the peritoneal cavity in any desired way, for example by injection, but in the case of peritoneal dialysis patients it is preferable to make use of the peritoneal catheter, which provides communication between the peritoneal cavity and the exterior, to administer the opsonin. If desired, the opsonin may be added to the peritoneal dialysis solution prior to its administration to the peritoneal cavity by mixing with the solution just prior to such administration. In the alternative, the opsonin may be placed in the solution as it is manufactured so that it is unnecessary for the user to have to administer extra opsonin, above and beyond that which is provided by the peritoneal dialysis solution itself.
The peritoneal dialysis solution which contains an opsonin such as gamma globulin or complement may have the opsonin present in any desired, safe and effective
10 concentration. For example, gamma globulin or components thereof may be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg. of dialysis solution, preferably no more than 5 mg. per ml. The C3 portion of tne complement may be present in the solution in a
-5 concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg. per ml. of dialysis solution. It may also be desired for a mixture of the above concentrations of gamma globulin and complement to be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution for enhanced effectiveness against both gram positive and gram Q negative bacteria.
Other possible opsonins may also be provided to the peritoneal dialysis solution or otherwise administered as may be desired, for example C-reactive protein or fibronectin. 2 The peritoneal dialysis solution into which the opsonins are added may be otherwise of conventional formulation, being of physiologically tolerable pH and having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal 0 dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient. Typically, from 1 to 5 weight percent glucose may be pres'ent as the osmotic agent, while the ions of the physiological salts may include sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, acetate, and lactate, for example, in conventional concentrations. Potassium ion as well as other physiologically compatible ions may also be present if appropriate.
Description of Drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a container of peritoneal dialysis solution in communication with the peritoneal cavity of a patient, using conventional equipment.
Description of Specific Embodiment
Referring to the drawing, container 10 of peritoneal dialysis solution may be of a design which is commercially available from Travenol Laboratories, Inc. of Deerfield, Illinois. Container 10 communicates with a transfer set 12, which is also commercially available from the same company, and communicates with a conventional Tenckhoff catheter 14 which is permanently implanted in the peritoneal cavity of a patient 15. As previously stated, the solution contents of container 10 (typically 2 liters) can pass into the peritoneal cavity through set 12 and catheter 14, and the set is closed with clamp 16 so that the solution is retained therein. The patient can then fold or roll up the flexible container 10 into a small package and wear it under his clothes in compact form for a period of about four hours. Thereafter, in conventional manner, the patient unfolds container 10, opens catheter 14, and allows the spent dialysis solution to drain back into container 10. Thereafter he closes container 10 with a clamp, disconnects it from set 12, and replaces the connection with a new container of fresh dialysis solution.
A typical peritoneal dialysis solution which may be utilized in this invention may contain, per 100 ml., 1.5 to 4.25 grams of dextrose hydrous U.S.P., 500 mg. of sodium chloride ϋ.S.P, 448 mg. of sodium lactate, 25.7 gm. of calcium chloride ϋ.S.P., and 5.08 mg. of magnesium chloride U.S.P. The pH may preferably be about 5.5, broadly ranging from about pH 5 to 7. In accordance with this invention 100 mg. of gamma globulin per liter of dialysis solution present may be added to the container 10 by injection syringe 20 through auxiliary medication port 18, which may be of conventional design, to mix with the peritoneal dialysis solution present in container 10. Alternatively, 100 mg. per liter of dialysis solution of the C-3 component of complement may be added, either as part of whole complement or a purified fraction thereof. Alternatively, 100 mg. per liter of the same C-3 component may be added as a further additive to the solution along with the gamma globulin.
Thereafter, administration of the dialysis solution to the peritoneal cavity causes peritoneal dialysis to proceed in ordinary manner, but with the symptoms of peritonitis being effectively suppressed, since the presence of opsonins causes greater white- cell phagocytosis and subsequent destruction of any bacteria or other microorganisms present.
The above has been offered for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is as defined in the claims below.
OMPI
^ξi τιo

Claims

THAT WHICH IS CLAIMED IS:
1. The method of administering an opsonin for microorganisms into the peritoneal cavity of a patient in sufficient dose to suppress symptoms of peritonitis.
2. The method of Claim 1 in which said opsonin comprises gamma globulin.
3. The method of Claim 1 in which said opsonin comprises complement.
4. The method of performing peritoneal dialysis on a patient by administering peritoneal dialysis solution to the peritoneal cavity of a patient, and thereafter withdrawing said solution from the peritoneal cavity, the improvement comprising: adding an opsonin for microorganisms to said peritoneal dialysis solution in sufficient concentration to suppress symptoms of peritonitis.
5. The method of Claim 4 in which said opsonin comprises gamma globulin.
6. The method of Claim 3 in which said opsonin comprises complement.
7. The method of Claim 4 in which said opsonin comprises a mixture of gamma globulin and complement.
8. A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient, the improvement comprising, in combination: an opsonin for microorganisms dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in sufficient concentration to suppress symptoms of peritonitis when inserted into the peritoneal cavity in a peritoneal dialysis procedure.
9. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 8 in which said opsonin comprises gamma globulin.
10. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 9 in which said gamma globulin is present in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 g. per ml. of dialysis solution.
11. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 8 in which said opsonin comprises complement.
12. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 11 in which said complement is present in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg. per ml. of dialysis solution.
13. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 8 in which said opsonin comprises a mixture of from 0.1 to 10 mg. of gamma globulin and from 0.1 to 10 mg. of complement, per ml. of dialysis solution.
14. A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations, to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient, the improvement comprising, in combination: an opsonin for microorganisms comprising at least one peptidoglycan antibody dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg./ml. of dialysis solution.
15. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 14 in whic:hh nnco more than 5 mg./ml. of said dispersed antibody is present.
EP19830903133 1982-10-21 1983-09-02 Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis. Withdrawn EP0122267A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43580682A 1982-10-21 1982-10-21
US435806 1982-10-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0122267A1 EP0122267A1 (en) 1984-10-24
EP0122267A4 true EP0122267A4 (en) 1986-09-24

Family

ID=23729884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830903133 Withdrawn EP0122267A4 (en) 1982-10-21 1983-09-02 Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0122267A4 (en)
CA (1) CA1219212A (en)
IT (1) IT1169596B (en)
WO (1) WO1984001505A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3812524A1 (en) * 1988-04-15 1989-10-26 Fresenius Ag DIALYSIS AND SPUELLING SOLUTION FOR INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION WITH ANTIMICROBIAL EQUIPMENT
EP0970699B1 (en) * 1998-07-07 2005-09-07 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Peritoneal dialysis solution
GB201616718D0 (en) * 2016-09-30 2016-11-16 Microbiosensor Limited Microbial sensing devices

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073371A2 (en) * 1981-08-24 1983-03-09 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Intravenously injectable immune serum globulin and method of preparing same
EP0098431A2 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-18 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Pharmaceutical composition comprising immune globulin and fibronectin

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4235230A (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-11-25 University Of Utah Iodine composition and method for prevention and treatment of dialysis induced peritonitis
US4315906A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-02-16 New England Nuclear Corporation Cold insoluble globulin, its purification and use

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073371A2 (en) * 1981-08-24 1983-03-09 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Intravenously injectable immune serum globulin and method of preparing same
EP0098431A2 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-18 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Pharmaceutical composition comprising immune globulin and fibronectin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1984001505A1 (en) 1984-04-26
IT8323375A0 (en) 1983-10-20
CA1219212A (en) 1987-03-17
EP0122267A1 (en) 1984-10-24
IT1169596B (en) 1987-06-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2322236B9 (en) Bicarbonate-based solutions for dialysis therapies
Rammelkamp et al. The absorption, excretion, and distribution of penicillin
US7053059B2 (en) Dialysis solutions with reduced levels of glucose degradation products
MXPA06014254A (en) Bicarbonate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions.
US3911915A (en) Dialytic introduction of maltose into bloodstream
Oreopoulos et al. Treatment of peritonitis
Merrill et al. Treatment of bromism with the artificial kidney
Owen et al. Randomized study of peritonitis with conventional versus O-set techniques in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CA1219212A (en) Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis
US4235230A (en) Iodine composition and method for prevention and treatment of dialysis induced peritonitis
US4335716A (en) Composition and method for prevention and treatment of dialysis induced peritonitis
CA1257203A (en) Dialysis with monophosphoryl lipid a
Olowu Hypertension and acute renal failure in Nigerian children with Burkitt's lymphoma: report of three cases and review
Rubin Comments on dialysis solution composition, antibiotic transport, poisoning, and novel uses of peritoneal dialysis
JPS59501983A (en) Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis
Golper et al. Incomplete activation of intraperitoneal clindamycin phosphate during peritoneal dialysis
AU2008201009B2 (en) Bicarbonate-based solutions for dialysis therapies
Khanna et al. Update on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Catizone et al. Long-Term Experience with the Y-Connector in Peritonitis Prevention in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840613

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB SE

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 19860924

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19890516

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19891128

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: PETERSON, PHILLIP, K.

Inventor name: KEANE, WILLIAM, F.