CA1219212A - Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis - Google Patents
Opsonins in peritoneal dialysisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1219212A CA1219212A CA000438565A CA438565A CA1219212A CA 1219212 A CA1219212 A CA 1219212A CA 000438565 A CA000438565 A CA 000438565A CA 438565 A CA438565 A CA 438565A CA 1219212 A CA1219212 A CA 1219212A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dialysis solution
- peritoneal dialysis
- peritoneal
- opsonin
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- A61K38/1725—Complement proteins, e.g. anaphylatoxin, C3a or C5a
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
- A61M1/287—Dialysates therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/12—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
OPSONINS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
Abstract of the Disclosure Opsonins for microorganisms may be placed into the peritoneal cavity of a patient to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis and particularly to prevent its occurrence.
The opsonin may be mixed with peritoneal dialysis solution.
Abstract of the Disclosure Opsonins for microorganisms may be placed into the peritoneal cavity of a patient to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis and particularly to prevent its occurrence.
The opsonin may be mixed with peritoneal dialysis solution.
Description
2~L~
OPSONIN~ IN PERITONEAL__DIALYSIS
Technical Field and Prior Art Chronic peritoneal dialysis has been a highly successfu~ means for the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Dialysis solution is passed into the peritoneal cavity and allowed to dwell for a period of hours while it engages in dialysis across the membranes of the peritoneal cavity for removal oE metabolic waste products. The dialysis solution is then removed from the peritoneal cavity, and, in the case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, promptly replaced with another quantity of fresh dialysis solution.
One significant drawback to the various forms of peritoneal dialysis is that patients who engage in it are subject to peritonitis. While it has been found that peritonitis can be handled with antibiotics, i~ is potentially among the most serious of infections, due to the sensitivity of the peritoneal cavity to infection.
In accordance with this invention, a ~echnique is proposed for the suppression of peritonitis and its symptoms, particularly that peritonitis which takes place in patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis.
SummarY of the Invention Various aspects of this invention are as follows:
A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patien-t, the improvement comprising, in combination:
an opsonin for microorganisms dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in suficient concentration to suppress symptoms of peritonitis when inserted into the peritoneal cavity in a peritoneal dialysis procedure.
~ ' ',~'''':
., "," ~ s, . . . ~
' ''- , la ~ 9~
A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations, to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient, the improvement comprising, in combination:
an opsonin for microorganisms comprising at least one peptidoglycan antibody dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg./ml of dialysis solution.
Description of Invention By this invention, an opsonin for microorganisms is administered to the peritoneal cavity of a patient in sufficient dose to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis.
It is known that the peritoneal cavity contains white cells, particularly those known as peritoneal macrophages. By this invention, the addition of an opsonin, for example mixed with the peritoneal dialysis solution, potentiates the white cell activity in the peritoneal cavity, causing them to destroy greater numbers of bacteria and thus to suppress peritonitis symptoms.
;
': `
,, While opsonins may naturally be found in the peritoneal cavity, it has been noted that some patients appear to lack sufficient opsonin concentrations to effectively suppress peritonitis when exposed to it. The artificial addition of opsonins to the peritoneal cavity can be a valuable tool in suppressing the symptoms of peritonitis, and particularly to prevent its occurrence.
It is believed that the types of opsonins which may be used in the method of this invention are unlimited, subject, of course, to the natural restrictions relating to toxicity, allergic reaction, and the like. Broadly, the word "opsonin" relates to any agent that modifies microorganisms to promote white cells to phagocytiæe the microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and the like.
It is believed that a typical opsonin coats or otherwise attaches itself to the microorganism, and facilitates the action of the white cell in phagocytizing and typically destroying it. For example, gamrna globulin, a known therapeutic blood fraction, is a known opsonin, which is 20 particularly Pffective against gram positive bacteriaO
Complement, which is also a therapeutic blood fraction, may also be used, being a known opsonin for gram negative bacteria. Separated components of gamma globulin and complement may also be used, i.e., specific IgG antibodies (e.g., peptidoglycan antibodies) or a C3B-containing component of complement.
The opsonin may be administered to the peritoneal cavity in any desired way, for example by injection, but in the case of peritoneal dialysis patients it is 30 preferable to make use of the peritoneal catheter, which provides communication between the peritoneal cavity and the exterior, to administer the opsonin. If desired, the opsonin may be added to the peritoneal dialysis solution prior to its administration to the peritoneal cavity by 2~2 mixing with the solution just prior to such administration. In the alternative, the opsonin may be placed in the solution as it is manufactured so that it is unnecessary for the user to have to administer extra 5 opsonin, above and beyond that which is provided by the peritoneal dialysis solution itself.
The peritoneal dialysis solution which contains an opsonin such as gamma globulin or complement may have the opsonin present in any desired, safe and effective 10 concentration. For example, gamma globulin or components thereof may be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg. of dialy~is solution, preferably no more than 5 mg. per ml. The C3 portion of the complement may be present in the solution in a 15 concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg. per ml~ of dialysis solution. It may also be desired for a rnixture of the above concentrations of gamma globulin and complement to be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution for en'nanced effectiveness against both gram positive and gram 20 negative bacteria.
Other possible opsonins may also be provided to the peritoneal dialysis solution or otherwise administered as may be desired, for example C-reactive protein or fibxonectin.
The peritoneal dialysis solution into which the opsonins are added may be otherwise of conventional formulation, being of physiologically tolerable pH and having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal 30 dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient. Typically, from 1 to 5 weight percent glucose may be present as the osmotic agent, while the ions of the physiological salts may include sodium, calcium, ma~nesiurn, chloride, acetate, and lactate, for example, in 4 ~ 2 conventional concentrations. Potassium ion as well as other physiologically compatible ions may also be present if appropriateO
Description of Drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a container of peritoneal dialysis solution in communication with the peritoneal cavity of a patient, using conventional equipment.
Descri~tion o~Specific_Embodiment Referring to the drawing, container 10 of peritoneal dialysis solution may be of a design which is commercially available from Travenol Laboratories, Inc. of Deerfield, Illinois. Container 10 communicates with a transfer set 12, which is also commercially available from the same company, and communicates with a conventional Tenckhoff catheter 14 which is permanently implanted in the peritoneal cavity of a patient 15. As previously stated, the solution contents of container 10 (typically 2 liters) can pass into the peritoneal cavity through set 12 and catheter 14, and the set is closed with clamp 16 so that the solution is retained therein. The patient can then fold or roll up the flexible container 10 into a small package and wear it under his clothes in compact form for a period of about four hours. Thereafter, in conventional manner, the patient unfolds container 10, opens catheter 14, and allows the spent dialysis solution to drain back into container 10. Thereafter he closes container 10 with a clamp, disconnects it from set 12, and replaces the connection with a new container of fresh dialysis solution.
A typical peritoneal dialysis solution which may be utilized in this invention may contain, per 100 ml., 1.5 to ~.25 grams of dextro~e hydrous U.S.P., 500 mg. of ' :
.
. .
:
. :' -: ::
sodium chloride U.S.P, 448 mg. of sodium lactate, 25.7 gm.
of calcium chloride U.S.P., and 5.08 mg. of ma~nesium chloride U.S.P. The pH may preferably be about 5.5, broadly ranging from about p~ 5 to 7.
In accordance with this invention 100 mg. of gamma globulin per liter of dialysis solution present may be added to the container 10 by injection syringe 20 through auxiliary medication port 18, which may be of conventional design, to mix with the peritoneal dialysis solution 10 present in container 10. Alternatively, 100 mg. per liter of dialysis solution of the C-3 component of complement may be added, either as part of whole complement or a purified fraction thereof. Alternatively, 100 mg. per liter of the same C-3 component may be added as a further additive to the solution along with the gamma globulin.
Thereafter, administration of the dialysis solution to the peritoneal cavity causes peritoneal dialysis to proceed in ordinary manner, but with the symptoms of peritonitis being effectively suppressed, since the presence of opsonins causes greater white cell phagocytosis and subsequent destruction of any bacteria or other microorganisms present.
The above has been offered for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is ~s defined in the claims below.
OPSONIN~ IN PERITONEAL__DIALYSIS
Technical Field and Prior Art Chronic peritoneal dialysis has been a highly successfu~ means for the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Dialysis solution is passed into the peritoneal cavity and allowed to dwell for a period of hours while it engages in dialysis across the membranes of the peritoneal cavity for removal oE metabolic waste products. The dialysis solution is then removed from the peritoneal cavity, and, in the case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, promptly replaced with another quantity of fresh dialysis solution.
One significant drawback to the various forms of peritoneal dialysis is that patients who engage in it are subject to peritonitis. While it has been found that peritonitis can be handled with antibiotics, i~ is potentially among the most serious of infections, due to the sensitivity of the peritoneal cavity to infection.
In accordance with this invention, a ~echnique is proposed for the suppression of peritonitis and its symptoms, particularly that peritonitis which takes place in patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis.
SummarY of the Invention Various aspects of this invention are as follows:
A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patien-t, the improvement comprising, in combination:
an opsonin for microorganisms dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in suficient concentration to suppress symptoms of peritonitis when inserted into the peritoneal cavity in a peritoneal dialysis procedure.
~ ' ',~'''':
., "," ~ s, . . . ~
' ''- , la ~ 9~
A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations, to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient, the improvement comprising, in combination:
an opsonin for microorganisms comprising at least one peptidoglycan antibody dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg./ml of dialysis solution.
Description of Invention By this invention, an opsonin for microorganisms is administered to the peritoneal cavity of a patient in sufficient dose to suppress the symptoms of peritonitis.
It is known that the peritoneal cavity contains white cells, particularly those known as peritoneal macrophages. By this invention, the addition of an opsonin, for example mixed with the peritoneal dialysis solution, potentiates the white cell activity in the peritoneal cavity, causing them to destroy greater numbers of bacteria and thus to suppress peritonitis symptoms.
;
': `
,, While opsonins may naturally be found in the peritoneal cavity, it has been noted that some patients appear to lack sufficient opsonin concentrations to effectively suppress peritonitis when exposed to it. The artificial addition of opsonins to the peritoneal cavity can be a valuable tool in suppressing the symptoms of peritonitis, and particularly to prevent its occurrence.
It is believed that the types of opsonins which may be used in the method of this invention are unlimited, subject, of course, to the natural restrictions relating to toxicity, allergic reaction, and the like. Broadly, the word "opsonin" relates to any agent that modifies microorganisms to promote white cells to phagocytiæe the microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and the like.
It is believed that a typical opsonin coats or otherwise attaches itself to the microorganism, and facilitates the action of the white cell in phagocytizing and typically destroying it. For example, gamrna globulin, a known therapeutic blood fraction, is a known opsonin, which is 20 particularly Pffective against gram positive bacteriaO
Complement, which is also a therapeutic blood fraction, may also be used, being a known opsonin for gram negative bacteria. Separated components of gamma globulin and complement may also be used, i.e., specific IgG antibodies (e.g., peptidoglycan antibodies) or a C3B-containing component of complement.
The opsonin may be administered to the peritoneal cavity in any desired way, for example by injection, but in the case of peritoneal dialysis patients it is 30 preferable to make use of the peritoneal catheter, which provides communication between the peritoneal cavity and the exterior, to administer the opsonin. If desired, the opsonin may be added to the peritoneal dialysis solution prior to its administration to the peritoneal cavity by 2~2 mixing with the solution just prior to such administration. In the alternative, the opsonin may be placed in the solution as it is manufactured so that it is unnecessary for the user to have to administer extra 5 opsonin, above and beyond that which is provided by the peritoneal dialysis solution itself.
The peritoneal dialysis solution which contains an opsonin such as gamma globulin or complement may have the opsonin present in any desired, safe and effective 10 concentration. For example, gamma globulin or components thereof may be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg. of dialy~is solution, preferably no more than 5 mg. per ml. The C3 portion of the complement may be present in the solution in a 15 concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg. per ml~ of dialysis solution. It may also be desired for a rnixture of the above concentrations of gamma globulin and complement to be present in the peritoneal dialysis solution for en'nanced effectiveness against both gram positive and gram 20 negative bacteria.
Other possible opsonins may also be provided to the peritoneal dialysis solution or otherwise administered as may be desired, for example C-reactive protein or fibxonectin.
The peritoneal dialysis solution into which the opsonins are added may be otherwise of conventional formulation, being of physiologically tolerable pH and having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal 30 dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient. Typically, from 1 to 5 weight percent glucose may be present as the osmotic agent, while the ions of the physiological salts may include sodium, calcium, ma~nesiurn, chloride, acetate, and lactate, for example, in 4 ~ 2 conventional concentrations. Potassium ion as well as other physiologically compatible ions may also be present if appropriateO
Description of Drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a container of peritoneal dialysis solution in communication with the peritoneal cavity of a patient, using conventional equipment.
Descri~tion o~Specific_Embodiment Referring to the drawing, container 10 of peritoneal dialysis solution may be of a design which is commercially available from Travenol Laboratories, Inc. of Deerfield, Illinois. Container 10 communicates with a transfer set 12, which is also commercially available from the same company, and communicates with a conventional Tenckhoff catheter 14 which is permanently implanted in the peritoneal cavity of a patient 15. As previously stated, the solution contents of container 10 (typically 2 liters) can pass into the peritoneal cavity through set 12 and catheter 14, and the set is closed with clamp 16 so that the solution is retained therein. The patient can then fold or roll up the flexible container 10 into a small package and wear it under his clothes in compact form for a period of about four hours. Thereafter, in conventional manner, the patient unfolds container 10, opens catheter 14, and allows the spent dialysis solution to drain back into container 10. Thereafter he closes container 10 with a clamp, disconnects it from set 12, and replaces the connection with a new container of fresh dialysis solution.
A typical peritoneal dialysis solution which may be utilized in this invention may contain, per 100 ml., 1.5 to ~.25 grams of dextro~e hydrous U.S.P., 500 mg. of ' :
.
. .
:
. :' -: ::
sodium chloride U.S.P, 448 mg. of sodium lactate, 25.7 gm.
of calcium chloride U.S.P., and 5.08 mg. of ma~nesium chloride U.S.P. The pH may preferably be about 5.5, broadly ranging from about p~ 5 to 7.
In accordance with this invention 100 mg. of gamma globulin per liter of dialysis solution present may be added to the container 10 by injection syringe 20 through auxiliary medication port 18, which may be of conventional design, to mix with the peritoneal dialysis solution 10 present in container 10. Alternatively, 100 mg. per liter of dialysis solution of the C-3 component of complement may be added, either as part of whole complement or a purified fraction thereof. Alternatively, 100 mg. per liter of the same C-3 component may be added as a further additive to the solution along with the gamma globulin.
Thereafter, administration of the dialysis solution to the peritoneal cavity causes peritoneal dialysis to proceed in ordinary manner, but with the symptoms of peritonitis being effectively suppressed, since the presence of opsonins causes greater white cell phagocytosis and subsequent destruction of any bacteria or other microorganisms present.
The above has been offered for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is ~s defined in the claims below.
Claims (8)
1. A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient, the improvement comprising, in combination:
an opsonin for microorganisms dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in sufficient concentration to suppress symptoms of peritonitis when inserted into the peritoneal cavity in a peritoneal dialysis procedure.
an opsonin for microorganisms dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in sufficient concentration to suppress symptoms of peritonitis when inserted into the peritoneal cavity in a peritoneal dialysis procedure.
2. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 1 in which said opsonin comprises gamma globulin.
3. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 2 in which said gamma globulin is present in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg. per ml. of dialysis solution.
4. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 1 in which said opsonin comprises complement.
5. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 4 in which said complement is present in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg. per ml. of dialysis solution.
6. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 1 in which said opsonin comprises a mixture of from 0.1 to 10 mg. of gamma globulin and from 0.1 to 10 mg. of complement, per ml. of dialysis solution.
7. A peritoneal dialysis solution which comprises a water solution of physiologically tolerable pH having physiological salts and an osmotic agent, each in safe and effective concentrations, to effect peritoneal dialysis when placed in the peritoneal cavity of a patient, the improvement comprising, in combination:
an opsonin for microorganisms comprising at least one peptidoglycan antibody dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg./ml. of dialysis solution.
an opsonin for microorganisms comprising at least one peptidoglycan antibody dispersed in said peritoneal dialysis solution in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mg./ml. of dialysis solution.
8. The peritoneal dialysis solution of Claim 7 in which no more than 5 mg./ml. of said dispersed antibody is present.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43580682A | 1982-10-21 | 1982-10-21 | |
| US435,806 | 1982-10-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1219212A true CA1219212A (en) | 1987-03-17 |
Family
ID=23729884
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000438565A Expired CA1219212A (en) | 1982-10-21 | 1983-10-06 | Opsonins in peritoneal dialysis |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0122267A4 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1219212A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1169596B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984001505A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3812524A1 (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1989-10-26 | Fresenius Ag | DIALYSIS AND SPUELLING SOLUTION FOR INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION WITH ANTIMICROBIAL EQUIPMENT |
| ATE303812T1 (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 2005-09-15 | Terumo Corp | SOLUTION FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS |
| GB201616718D0 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-11-16 | Microbiosensor Limited | Microbial sensing devices |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4235230A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-11-25 | University Of Utah | Iodine composition and method for prevention and treatment of dialysis induced peritonitis |
| US4315906A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1982-02-16 | New England Nuclear Corporation | Cold insoluble globulin, its purification and use |
| US4396608A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-08-02 | Cutter Laboratories | Intravenously injectable immune serum globulin |
| US4412990A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1983-11-01 | Cutter Laboratories, Inc. | Composition having enhanced opsonic activity |
-
1983
- 1983-09-02 WO PCT/US1983/001373 patent/WO1984001505A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-09-02 EP EP19830903133 patent/EP0122267A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-10-06 CA CA000438565A patent/CA1219212A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-20 IT IT23375/83A patent/IT1169596B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8323375A0 (en) | 1983-10-20 |
| WO1984001505A1 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
| EP0122267A4 (en) | 1986-09-24 |
| EP0122267A1 (en) | 1984-10-24 |
| IT1169596B (en) | 1987-06-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |