EP0122250A2 - Fil conjugué autofrisant et facilement scindable - Google Patents

Fil conjugué autofrisant et facilement scindable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0122250A2
EP0122250A2 EP84870053A EP84870053A EP0122250A2 EP 0122250 A2 EP0122250 A2 EP 0122250A2 EP 84870053 A EP84870053 A EP 84870053A EP 84870053 A EP84870053 A EP 84870053A EP 0122250 A2 EP0122250 A2 EP 0122250A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filament
sub
filaments
stream
process defined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84870053A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0122250A3 (fr
Inventor
James Ernest Bromley
Jing-Peir Yu
Hartwig Christian Bach
William Bruce Black
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Co
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Publication of EP0122250A2 publication Critical patent/EP0122250A2/fr
Publication of EP0122250A3 publication Critical patent/EP0122250A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the art of melt-spinning splittable conjugate filaments. More particularly it relates to spinning filaments which are more readily splittable and which have improved dyeing properties.
  • a process for melt-spinning an easily splittable deep-dyeing conjugate filament from first and second incompatible polymers, the yarn being self-texturing in fabric form comprising generating a first molten sub-stream of the first polymer and a second molten sub-stream of the second polymer converging at substantially the same speed to merge side-by-side as a combined stream below the face of a spinneret, quenching the combined stream to form a conjugate filament comprising a first sub-filament of the first polymer lightly conjugated side-by-side with a second sub-filament of the second polymer, withdrawing the filament from the combined stream at a predetermined spinning speed, and winding the filament at a given winding speed on a bobbin, the polymers and the spinning speed being selected such that the filament on the bobbin splits substantially completely into the sub-filaments upon exposure to boiling water while under no tension.
  • the first sub-stream is preferably a polyamide (preferably nylon 66) and the second sub-stream is preferably a polyester (preferably poly(ethylene terephthalate)).
  • the spinning speed is advantageously at least 2200 MPM and the filament shrinkage is preferably at least 10% (advantageously at least 20%).
  • the filament is drawn prior to being wound on the bobbin.
  • the winding speed and the amount by which the filament is drawn are advantageously selected such that the filament wound on the bobbin has an elongation less than 70%, with best results being obtained when the winding speed and the amount by which the filament is drawn are selected such that the filament wound on the bobbin has an elongation less than 50%.
  • a yarn package having wound thereon a substantially constant denier deep-dyeing conjugate filament comprising thermoplastic sub-filaments temporarily adhering side-by-side along the length of the conjugate filament, the adhesion between the sub-filaments being sufficiently light that the conjugate filament splits substantially completely into the sub-filaments upon exposure to boiling water while under no tension.
  • One of the sub-filaments is preferably nylon 66 and the other of the sub-filaments is preferably poly(ethylene terephthalate).
  • the filament preferably has a shrinkage greater than 10%, and advantageously the shrinkage is greater than 20%.
  • the filament preferably has an elongation less than 70%, and especially preferred is an elongation less than 50%.
  • a process for melt-spinning an easily splittable deep-dyeing conjugate filament from first and second incompatible polymers, the yarn being self-texturing in fabric form comprising generating a first molten sub-stream of the first polymer and a second molten sub-stream of the second polymer converging at substantially different speeds to merge side-by-side as a combined stream below the face of a spinneret whereby an oscillation of the sub-streams occurs just below the face of the spinneret, quenching the combined stream to form a conjugate filament comprising a first sub-filament of the first polymer lightly conjugated side-by-side with a second sub-filament of the second polymer, withdrawing the filament from the combined stream at a predetermined spinning speed, and winding the filament at a given winding speed on a bobbin, the polymers and the spinning speed being selected such that the filament on the bobbin splits substantially completely into the sub-fila
  • the first sub-stream is preferably a polyamide (preferably nylon 66) and the second sub-stream is preferably a polyester (preferably poly(ethylene terephthalate)).
  • the spinning speed is advantageously at least 2200 MPM and preferably the filament shrinkage is greater than 10% (advantageously greater than 20%).
  • the filament is preferably drawn prior to being wound on the bobbin.
  • the winding speed and the amount by which the filament is drawn are advantageously selected such that the filament wound on the bobbin has an elongation less than 70%, with best results being obtained when the winding speed and the amount by which the filament is drawn are selected such that the filament wound on the bobbin has an elongation less than 50%.
  • a yarn package having wound thereon a substantially variable denier deep-dyeing conjugate filament comprising thermoplastic sub-filaments temporarily adhering side-by-side along the length of the conjugate filament, the adhesion between the sub-filaments being sufficiently light that the conjugate filament splits substantially completely into the sub-filaments upon exposure to boiling water while under no tension.
  • One of the sub-filaments is preferably nylon 66 and the other of the sub-filaments is preferably poly(ethylene terephthalate).
  • the filament preferably has a shrinkage greater than 10%, and advantageously the shrinkage is greater than 20%.
  • the filament preferably has an elongation less than 70%, and especially preferred is an elongation less than 50%.
  • first and second polymers are conjugately melt spun as molten streams from spinneret 20.
  • Molten streams 22 are quenched into filaments 24 by transverse quench air in quench chamber 26.
  • the filaments are converged into yarn 27, with conventional spin finish applied at 28, the filaments being withdrawn from the molten streams at a spinning speed determined by unheated godet 30.
  • the yarn next passes over unheated godet 32 prior to being wound onto a package by winder 34.
  • Godet 32 preferably is driven at least slightly faster than godet 30, and it is particularly preferred that godet 32 be driven at a significantly higher speed so as to apply a draw to the filaments.
  • the filaments may be entangled by conventional tangle chamber 36. While godets are preferred, godetless spinning is in accord with certain aspects of the invention, in which case the spinning speed will be determined by the winder. It is preferred that the godets be unheated if godets are used.
  • the preferred spinneret construction has counterborea 38 and 40 formed in the upper surface of spinneret 20.
  • Capillary 42 extends from the bottom of counterbore 38 to bottom face 44 of spinneret 20, while capillary 46 extends from the bottom of counterbore 40 to face 44.
  • Capillaries 42 and 46 are separated by land 48 on face 44,and their axes form an included angle so that the molten polymer streams metered therethrough converge to merge side-by-side below spinneret face 44 as a combined stream.
  • the combined stream ia conventionally quenched (as by transversely moving air) into a conjugate filament which is withdrawn from the combined atream at the predetermined spinning speed set by godet 30.
  • the spinning speed is much higher than the speed of any of the molten sub-streams, ao that the combined stream ia attenuated sub stantially as it is being quenched. Since the pair of capillaries 42 and 46 cooperate to form a single combined stream, and ultimately a single filament, they are collectively referred to herein as a combined orifice.
  • a apinneret is provided containing 18 combined orifices, each combined orifice being as disclosed in this example. Thus the spinneret produces 18 conjugate filamenta.
  • capillaries 42 and 46 have diameters of 0.009 inch (0.23 mm.) and are 0.1 inch long (2.54 mm.). The axis of each capillary is inclined 12 0 from the vertical, and thus the axes within a combined orifice form an included angle of 24°.
  • Land 48 separating capillaries 42 and 46 on face 44 has a width of 0.017 inch (0.43 mm.).
  • the resulting combined stream is conventionally quenched into a conjugate filament by transversely directed air having an average speed of about 15-20 meters per minute, and the filament is withdrawn from the combined stream at a spinning speed of 3795 meters per minute (MPM).
  • the polymer metering rates are selected such that equal volumes of polymer are extruded through capillaries 42 and 46 per unit of time, and such that the conjugate filament has a denier of 3.87.
  • a conventional spin- finish is applied prior to winding at normal winding tension of about 0.1 gram per denier.
  • the multifilament conjugate yarn thus produced according to the invention comprises thermoplastic (nylon and polyester) sub-filaments temporarily adhering side-by-side along the length of the conjugate filaments.
  • the adhesion between sub-filaments is sufficient that the filament (or a yarn comprising a plurality of such filaments) can be handled normally in such operations as texturing, knitting or weaving without difficulty, yet is sufficiently light or weak as to readily be overcome when the conjugate filament is exposed to boiling water, as in the normal scouring and dyeing operations employed in processing of fabrics.
  • the conjugate filament spontaneously and substantially completely splits into its constituent sub-filaments, thus avoiding the necessity for vigorously working the fabric to achieve splitting as is necessary with prior art splittable conjugate filaments. Ordinarily no added step of working of the fabric is necessary with filaments and yarns according to the present invention.
  • the yarn is woven as filling across a conventional warp, then conventionally scoured and dyed at the boil.
  • the filling filaments split substantially completely into their constituent sub-filaments spontaneously upon contact with the boiling water with the PET aub-filaments shrinking most and forcing the nylon sub-filaments to protrude from the surface of the fabric in loops or arches.
  • the fabric dyes more deeply than fabrics made from yarns which have been hot drawn.
  • FIGURE 2 of the drawing A possible partial explanation for the unusual behavior of the yarns of the invention may be had with reference to FIGURE 2 of the drawing.
  • the shrinkage of a 100% PET yarn falls rapidly from very high values of about 50-70% at intermediate spinning speeds to values below 10% over a fairly narrow range of somewhat higher spinning speeds, while the shrinkage of nylon 66 does not exhibit such behavior.
  • the exact spinning speed range in which polyester yarn exhibits the large change in shrinkage with spinning speed will vary with capillary diameter (jet stretch).
  • Yarns according to the invention may be made to be self-texturing in fabric form by selection of the spinning speed such that the PET sub-filament has substantially higher shrinkage than the nylon 66 sub-filament, as in the Example I yarn above.
  • the filaments split into their constituent sub-filaments, with the PET sub filament a then shrinking sub stantially more than the nylon sub filaments, This forces the nylon sub filaments to the surface of the fabric in protruding arches or loops, giving texture to the fabric.
  • the filaments have substantially constant denier as in Examples I and II herein, beat self-texturing effects are obtained when the yarn on the bobbin has a shrinkage of at least 10%, preferably at least 20%.
  • the resulting yarns are woven as filling across conventional warps, with the resulting fabrics conventionally scoured and dyed at the boil.
  • the filaments split substantially completely into the sub-filaments and provide pleasing texture to the fabrics.
  • the fabric from Item 4 has noticeably less texture than the fabrics from the other items.
  • the yarns of Table 2 are superior to that of Example I above, particularly in terms of dye-fastness of the nylon component with respect to disperse dyes. A small amount of draw in conjunction with high speed spinning is highly desirable in this regard. Within the Table 2 yarns, items 5 and 6 are more desirable than items 1-4, while items 7-10 are still further improved.
  • a variable denier filament is readily produced by merging sub-streams extruded at substantially different speeds, producing an oscillation of the sub-streams just below the spinneret. This is preferably done by use of the FIGURES 3 and 4 type of combined orifice.
  • the axes of capillaries 42 and 46 are each inclined 4° from the vertical. The axes thus form an included angle of 8°, and capillaries 42 and 46 are separated by land 48 on face 44.
  • Capillary 42 has a diameter of 0.009 inch (0.23 mm.) and a length of 0.032 inch (0.81 mm.) while capillary 46 has a diameter of 0.016 inch (0.41 mm.) and a length of 0.146 inch (3.71 mm.).
  • Land 48 has a width of 0.004 inch (0.1 mm.).
  • Example II The same polymers are used as in Example I above, and the spinneret contains 18 combined orifice as described in the preceding paragraph.
  • the polymer temperatures are each 282 0 C., with the polyester being extruded through capillaries 42 and the nylon through capillaries 46.
  • the metering rates are selected such that the polyester/nylon ratio is 60/40 by volume, and the resulting 18 filament yarn has a total denier of 41.1.
  • the spinning speed is 3658 MPM and the molten streams are quenched and finished prior to winding, as in Example I.
  • the yarn is woven as filling across a conventional warp, then conventionally scoured and dyed at the boil.
  • the filling filaments split substantially completely into their constituent sub-filaments spontaneously upon contact with the boiling water and provide fabric texture, as do the filaments in Example I above.
  • the polyester sub-filament has the higher shrinkage, forcing the nylon sub-filaments to the surface of the yarn.
  • Yarns according to this example give in fabric form various novelty effects not available with the Example I yarn.
  • an in-line draw (prior to winding) is expected to Lncrea se the crimp level and improve the dye stability of the nylon sub-filaments to disperse dyes.
  • Yarn shrinkage is determined by the following nethod.
  • the bobbin is conditioned at 21 °C and 65% relative humidity for one day prior to testing. 100 meters of surface yarn are stripped off and discarded.
  • the yarn is round to form a skein having about 18,000 skein denier. That is, the denier reel revolutions are 9000 divided by the yarn denier.
  • the skein yarn ends are tied together.
  • the skein is suspended from a rod having a diameter of one centimeter and a 1000 gram weight is attached to the bottom of the skein. After 30 seconds, the skein length is measured to provide length L1.
  • the 1000 gram weight is then replaced by a 50 gram weight, whereupon the rod with skein and 50 gram weight are placed in a vigorously boiling water bath sufficiently deep that the skein is under tension from the 50 gram weight. After 10 minutes in the boiling water bath, the rod with skein and the 50 gram weight are removed from the bath and hung up for three minutes to permit excess water to drain off. The rod with skein and suspended 50 gram weight are then placed in a 120°C oven for 15 minutes, after which the rod with skein and suspended 50 gram weight are removed from the oven and hung for 15 minutes at room temperature. The suspended 50 gram weight is then removed and replaced by a 1000 gram weight. After 30 seconds, the skein length is is measured to provide L2. The % shrinkage is defined as 100(L1 - L2) divided by L1.
  • incompatible polymers is meant that the polymers are chemically dissimilar, as in the exemplified polyester and nylon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
EP84870053A 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Fil conjugué autofrisant et facilement scindable Withdrawn EP0122250A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48411083A 1983-04-11 1983-04-11
US484110 1983-04-11
US56542783A 1983-12-27 1983-12-27
US565427 1983-12-27

Publications (2)

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EP0122250A2 true EP0122250A2 (fr) 1984-10-17
EP0122250A3 EP0122250A3 (fr) 1986-02-05

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EP84870053A Withdrawn EP0122250A3 (fr) 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Fil conjugué autofrisant et facilement scindable

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117906A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-01-14 Du Pont Composite filament
DE1660694A1 (de) * 1967-07-20 1971-04-01 Schwarza Chemiefaser Mehrkomponentenfaeden und -fasern mit erhoehtem Bausch
GB2003423A (en) * 1977-08-17 1979-03-14 Monsanto Co Self crimping yarn and process
GB2017575A (en) * 1978-04-04 1979-10-10 Monsanto Co Self-Crimping Yarn Process
DE2366181B1 (de) * 1972-08-15 1980-11-13 Kanebo Ltd Verfahren zum Herstellen von Florteppichen
EP0088744A2 (fr) * 1982-03-08 1983-09-14 Monsanto Company Filament conjugué facilement séparable

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117906A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-01-14 Du Pont Composite filament
DE1660694A1 (de) * 1967-07-20 1971-04-01 Schwarza Chemiefaser Mehrkomponentenfaeden und -fasern mit erhoehtem Bausch
DE2366181B1 (de) * 1972-08-15 1980-11-13 Kanebo Ltd Verfahren zum Herstellen von Florteppichen
GB2003423A (en) * 1977-08-17 1979-03-14 Monsanto Co Self crimping yarn and process
GB2017575A (en) * 1978-04-04 1979-10-10 Monsanto Co Self-Crimping Yarn Process
EP0088744A2 (fr) * 1982-03-08 1983-09-14 Monsanto Company Filament conjugué facilement séparable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0122250A3 (fr) 1986-02-05

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Inventor name: BLACK, WILLIAM BRUCE