EP0116197B1 - Zündungsverbesserer für einen auf Alkohol basierenden Brennstoff für Motoren mit Zündung durch Kompression - Google Patents

Zündungsverbesserer für einen auf Alkohol basierenden Brennstoff für Motoren mit Zündung durch Kompression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116197B1
EP0116197B1 EP83303508A EP83303508A EP0116197B1 EP 0116197 B1 EP0116197 B1 EP 0116197B1 EP 83303508 A EP83303508 A EP 83303508A EP 83303508 A EP83303508 A EP 83303508A EP 0116197 B1 EP0116197 B1 EP 0116197B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
composition
fuel
compression
matter
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EP83303508A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0116197A2 (de
EP0116197A3 (en
Inventor
Anthony John Stiff
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AECI Ltd
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AECI Ltd
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a composition of matter, and its use, and is an improvement in or modification of the invention described and claimed in our co-pending application, published as European Patent Application No. 30429, hereinafter referred to as the parent application.
  • additives ignition improvers
  • Alcohols up-rated in this way can be used as fuels in commercial compression-ignition engines without the need for additional energy inputs and/or aids such as heated air aspiration, turbo-charging, spark-ignition, abnormally high compression ratios or other additional energy sources and the like, although such additional energy sources and/or aids may be used, if desired.
  • additional energy sources and/or aids such as heated air aspiration, turbo-charging, spark-ignition, abnormally high compression ratios or other additional energy sources and the like, although such additional energy sources and/or aids may be used, if desired.
  • a fuel comprising at least one alcohol and at least one nitrate.
  • a fuel comprising a mixture of (A) at least one alcohol with an average molecular weight of less than 160, and (B) at least one further organic compound which has a spontaneous ignition temeprature of less than 450°C, said further organic compound being a compound which contains one nitrate group and at least two ether linkages or at least two nitrate groups and one or more ether linkages.
  • the parent patent application also claims a method of running an engine which comprises injecting into and/or inducting into the engine both A and B, defined in the preceding paragraph.
  • Specific further organic compounds of the compound B listed in the parent patent are 2'-butoxy-2- ethoxyethyl nitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN), and the dinitrate of polyethylene glycol of an average molecular weight of 400, (i.e. a compound of average molecular weight of 490).
  • TEDGN is one of the most effective ignition improvers for alcohols disclosed to date.
  • materials such as DEGDN and TEGDN possess explosive properties, which can be undesirable in some cases for an injection improver.
  • the alcohol-based fuel contains 1 % (by volume) or more of such ignition imrpovers, this problem of the explosive properties can be serious since evaporation of the volatile alcohol, for example in the case of fuel spillage, may leave a substantial quantity of residue with explosive properties.
  • the Applicant believes that it would be more desirable to use ignition improvers which exhibit ignition- improving properties that are quantitively similar to TEGDN when admixed with alcohols, but which do not possess explosive properties, and which do not require stabilising or desensitising agents to render them non-explosive.
  • a composition of matter may be used as a fuel, as blending stock for a fuel, or the like.
  • the compound (B) is a mixture of compounds of Formula (I), such that the average molecular weight is between 280 and 350.
  • Particular examples of component (B) are mixtures of average molecular weight about 292 and 390.
  • Component (B) conveniently can be present in an amount of between 0.01 % and 10% by volume of the composition, e.g. 2 to 5% by volume.
  • the component (B) has the ability, when admixed with the lower alcohol component (A) to improve the compression-ignition characteristics of the alcohol sufficiently to enable it to be used as a fuel for compression-ignition engines. It further has the inability to propagate an explosion initiated by a 150 g 'Pentolite' explosive booster when contained in a 50 mm diameter steel pipe.
  • the invention therefore further provides a liquid fuel for a compression-ignition engine, said fuel, comprising (A) a mixture of at least one lower alcohol of molecular weight less than 160 and (B) an ignition improver which is at least one compound of general formula (I) above and which has a molecular weight between 260 and about 390.
  • the liquid fuel may also contain at least one further combustible organic material.
  • the composition may initially contain between about 5% and about 99% (by volume) of the ignition improver, as it can then be used as a blending stock for preparing fuel for a compression-ignition engine.
  • the liquid fuel contains between about 0.01 % and about 10% (by volume) of the ignition improver (B) and it can then be used directly as a fuel for compression-ignition engines.
  • the alcohol component (A) may have a molecular weight of less than 90, and may be methanol and/or ethanol.
  • combustible organic materials When further combustible organic materials are present, they may be one or more of the following: lubricants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, ignition improvers, synergistic agents, other fuels, fue! additives, fuel diluents and fuel extenders. Such materials are of course, compatible with said alcohols.
  • a method of operating a compression-ignition engine which comprises supplying, to the engine, a fuel having a composition as hereinbefore described.
  • Three ignition improvers comprising mixtures of compounds of Formula (I) and having average molecular weights of 292, 390 and 480 respectively, (hereinafter referred to as '292', '390' and '480' respectively), were synthesised by nitration of the respective poly(oxyethylene)glycols. All three ignition improvers were a mixture of oligomers.
  • the ignition improvers of Example 1 exhibited insignificant explosive properties, as illustrated by a severe detonation test. Approximately 1100 ml of each improver were poured into a vertical steel pipe (50 mm internal diameter, length 600 mm) which was closed at the lower end. A 150 g explosive booster, available locally under the AECI Limited trade name 'Pentolite', was inserted in the upper end of the pipe. After detonation of the booster, the pipe was examined. Detonation of the material under test would have resulted in complete fragmentation of the pipe. However, in all three cases, absence of such detonation was evidenced by the pipe only being splayed open at its upper end due to detonation of the booster only. The results are given in Table 1. This test shows that the ignition improvers according to the invention are better than triethylene glycol dinitrate with regard to reduction of explosive hazard in use.
  • the effectiveness of the ignition improvers of the invention as ignition improvers was assessed by determining the concentration (designated "approximate effective concentration' in Table II) thereof required in methanol and ethanol to yield a fuel which will exhibit a similar ignition delay to hydrocarbon diesel fuel having a C.I. of 45, when used to operate a compression-ignition engine.
  • the test engine was an instrumented single-cylinder direct-injection air-cooled diesel engine of 15,7:1 compression ratio, operated at 1500 rpm with a dynamic injection timing of 10° BTDC.
  • Fuels which have adequate compression-ignition characteristics for satisfactory engine operation (such as hydrocarbon diesel fuel having a of 45) exhibit an ignition delay of between 6° and 7° C.A. (Crank Angle) under these conditions.
  • Liquid compositions containing ignition improvers according to the invention were prepared by admixing the components as given in Table 111. The components were placed in a screw-capped glass bottle which was closed and gently shaken to give a clear, homogeneous solution in each case. These compositions were used as a blending stock to prepare fuels (see Example 5).
  • Fuels for use in compression-ignition engines were prepared by mixing together 10 parts by volume of the compositions of Example 4 and 90 parts by volume of methanol or ethanol, to produce fuels having the compositions given in Table IV. These fuels were used to operate the test engine described in Example 3. It was found that for all the fuels the engine started easily from cold, idled smoothly and ran normally under all speed and load conditions. Cylinder pressure readings indicated that the combustion characteristics, such as ignition delay, rate of pressure rise during combustion, and peak pressures, were satisfactory for normal operation of the engine.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Substanzmischung, bestehend aus einer Mischung aus (A) wenigstens einem Alkohol mit einem weniger als 160 betragenden Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht und (B) wenigstens einer organischen Verbindung der Formel
Figure imgb0010
worin x eine ganze Zahl ist, die größer als 3 ist, und worin das Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht der Verbindung(en) der Formel
Figure imgb0011
zwischen 260 und etwa 390 liegt, unter der Bedingung, daß keine anderen Verbindungen der Formel
Figure imgb0012
vorhanden sind.
2. Substanzmischung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Komponente (B) eine Mischung aus Verbindungen der Formel (1) mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht zwischen 280 und 350 ist.
3. Substanzmischung nach Anspruch 2, bei der die Komponente (B) ein Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von etwa 292 hat.
4. Substanzmischung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Komponente (B) in einer auf die Mischung bezogenen Menge zwischen 0,01 und 10 Volumen% vorhanden ist.
5. Substanzmischung nach Anspruch 4, bei der die Komponente (B) in einer auf die Mischung bezogenen Menge von 2 bis 5 Volumen% vorhanden ist.
6. Substanzmischung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Alkoholkomponente (A) ein weniger als 90 betragendes Molekulargewicht hat.
7. Flüssige Substanzmischung nach Anspruch 6, bei der der Alkohol Methanol und/oder Ethanol ist.
8. Brennstoff für einen Motor mit Verdichtungszündung, wobei der Brennstoff eine Mischung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche enthält, wobei die Mischung bei Umgebungstemperaturen flüssig ist.
9. Brennstoff nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Brennstoff wenigstens eine weitere brennbare organische Substanz enthält, die damit verträglich ist.
10. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motors mit Verdichtungszündung, bei dem dem Motor ein flüssiger Brennstoff nach Anspruch 8 oder 9 zugeführt wird.
EP83303508A 1983-01-14 1983-06-17 Zündungsverbesserer für einen auf Alkohol basierenden Brennstoff für Motoren mit Zündung durch Kompression Expired - Lifetime EP0116197B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA830264 1983-01-14
ZA83264 1983-01-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116197A2 EP0116197A2 (de) 1984-08-22
EP0116197A3 EP0116197A3 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0116197B1 true EP0116197B1 (de) 1991-01-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83303508A Expired - Lifetime EP0116197B1 (de) 1983-01-14 1983-06-17 Zündungsverbesserer für einen auf Alkohol basierenden Brennstoff für Motoren mit Zündung durch Kompression

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0116197B1 (de)
AU (1) AU558536B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3382079D1 (de)
ZW (1) ZW14083A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7575607B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2009-08-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon fraction and ethanol

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0313696A1 (de) * 1987-10-28 1989-05-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Polynitratester und stabilisierende Wirkstoffe enthaltender Dieselbrennstoff mit verbesserter Cetanzahl
GB2528041A (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-13 Avocet Fuel Solutions Inc Enhanced fuels, methods of producing enhanced fuels, and additives for enhanced fuels
EP3164590A1 (de) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-10 Avocet Solutions Inc. Verbrennungssystem und -verfahren
GB2535234A (en) * 2015-02-15 2016-08-17 Avocet Fuel Solutions Inc Fuel additive, fuel and method
CA3140048A1 (en) 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Clearflame Engines, Inc. Cold-start for high-octane fuels in a diesel engine architecture
BR102019025173A2 (pt) * 2019-11-28 2021-06-08 Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras nitratos de éteres de glicerol e etanol como melhoradores de cetano do diesel e processo de produção dos mesmos
EP4111043A1 (de) 2020-02-26 2023-01-04 Clearflame Engines, Inc. Brennstoffagnostische kompressionszündungsmaschine
AU2021306345A1 (en) 2020-07-09 2023-02-09 Clearflame Engines, Inc. Systems and metods of cylinder deactivation in high-temperature mixing-controlled engines
BR102021003924A2 (pt) * 2021-03-01 2022-09-13 Antonio Falquete Marco Melhorador de cetanos para combustíveis em ciclo diesel
BR102021004001A2 (pt) * 2021-03-02 2022-09-13 Antonio Falquete Marco Formulação de combustível renovável aplicado em ciclo diesel e baseada em álcoois
FR3137104A1 (fr) * 2022-06-23 2023-12-29 Veryone Carburant pour moteur à base de méthanol contenant un additif d’amélioration de la combustion.

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541837A (en) * 1979-12-11 1985-09-17 Aeci Limited Fuels

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7575607B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2009-08-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon fraction and ethanol
US8252071B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2012-08-28 Akzo Nobel N.V. Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon fraction and ethanol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU558536B2 (en) 1987-02-05
AU1651683A (en) 1984-07-19
ZW14083A1 (en) 1984-08-29
EP0116197A2 (de) 1984-08-22
EP0116197A3 (en) 1986-10-01
DE3382079D1 (de) 1991-02-07

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