EP0115910B1 - Elektrische Hochspannungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische Hochspannungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0115910B1
EP0115910B1 EP84300116A EP84300116A EP0115910B1 EP 0115910 B1 EP0115910 B1 EP 0115910B1 EP 84300116 A EP84300116 A EP 84300116A EP 84300116 A EP84300116 A EP 84300116A EP 0115910 B1 EP0115910 B1 EP 0115910B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical apparatus
calcium carbonate
filler
tracking
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84300116A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0115910A1 (de
Inventor
Albert Arthur Pinching
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balfour Beatty PLC
Original Assignee
BICC PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BICC PLC filed Critical BICC PLC
Priority to AT84300116T priority Critical patent/ATE26501T1/de
Publication of EP0115910A1 publication Critical patent/EP0115910A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0115910B1 publication Critical patent/EP0115910B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H01B3/006—Other inhomogeneous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical apparatus in which a heat shrunk body of insulating material is subjected to an electrical stress along its surface of at least 10 4 V/m.
  • plastics materials for such bodies is severely inhibited by the liability of many such materials to failure by "tracking" (the formation of conductive paths by carbonisation of the organic constituent(s) of the plastics material), rapid erosion, or flame.
  • GB-A-1464367 proposes the use of calcium carbonate filler in 'insulators' based on unsaturated polyester resins (which would be extremely rigid), but positively teaches that the use of alumina trihydrate as well is necessary if arc resistance is required (p. 2 lines 48-50). Arc resistance is not the same as resistance to tracking, but is another requirement for high-voltage components that will have a high stress along the surface, and so this document is positively teaching that compositions in which calcium carbonate is the only filler are suitable only for low-voltage applications.
  • JP-A-43-6526 teaches that certain olefin polymer compositions containing calcium carbonate have anti-tracking characteristics, but only when compounded with a certain proportion of carbon black, which precludes the preparation of pale or brightly coloured products.
  • DE-A-3038526 describes compositions for heat-shrunk applications which also contain carbon black as well as calcium carbonate, and is fully consistent with the teaching of the Japanese document.
  • GB-A-1551540 teaches compositions for heat-shrinkable articles in which calcium carbonate may be the only filler, but there is no suggestion that the articles would be suitable for any high-voltage application, and all the examples relate to accessories for telecommunication cables in which there would be no appreciable electrical stress at all.
  • GB-A-2019412 teaches compositions based on particular grades of polyethylene, in some of which (including at least one said to be suitable for heat-shrinkable sleeving) calcium carbonate is the only major filler. It also teaches that the compositions can be modified to make them suitable or high voltage insulational but that the addition of an anti-tracking filler is necessary for this purpose. There is no suggestion that heat-shrink and anti-tracking properties can be achieved in the same composition.
  • compositions can be heat-shrinkable, after shrinking are highly resistant to tracking and because calcium carbonate is used as the only substantial filler, may be pale or by the use of suitably chosen pigments, brightly coloured.
  • electrical apparatus in which a heat-shrunk body of insulating material is subjected to an electrical stress along its surface of at least 10 4 V/m is characterised by the fact that the said body comprises particulate calcium carbonate dispersed as the only substantial filler in a compatible thermoplastic or elastomeric carbon-chain polymer matrix in an amount sufficient to raise the failure voltage of the body (as determined by the tracking resistance test method set out in ASTM specification D-2303) to a value not less than 3.0 kV.
  • filler grades of calcium carbonate which generally have a mean particle size in the range 0.01-50 micrometre (but preferably below 10 micrometre) can be used, and comparable results are obtained with natural and synthetic (precipitated) types. Relatively coarse crushed limestone is also effective in raising failure voltage, but may have a detrimental effect on physical properties.
  • the polymer matrix may be of any carbon-chain polymer (by which is meant a polymer not having any significant number of hetero-atoms in its main chain) or carbon-chain polymer mixture that is sufficiently inert and capable of accepting the loading of calcium carbonate required to achieve the specified tracking resistance.
  • carbon-chain polymer by which is meant a polymer not having any significant number of hetero-atoms in its main chain
  • carbon-chain polymer mixture that is sufficiently inert and capable of accepting the loading of calcium carbonate required to achieve the specified tracking resistance.
  • hydrocarbon-chain polymers with side-chain hetero-atoms to enhance compatibility and loading capacity and the most preferred side-chains are esters and other carboxylic groups.
  • Typical preferred polymers are the semi- ⁇ rystaIIine copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid; amorphous copolymers of this class as well as ethylene-propylene copolymer rubbers and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubbers can also be used.
  • the minimum loading required and the maximum acceptable will vary to some extent with the type of - polymer matrix and with the size, shape and surface condition of the calcium carbonate particles. Usually however a loading of at least 40 parts by weight for each hundred parts by weight of polymer matrix (hereinafter abbreviated to phr) will be needed to achieve the defined tracking resistance and a loading over 120 phr is likely to result in poor mechanical properties. 50-90 phr is usually recommended and 80 phr may be considered a starting point for optimisation.
  • the calcium carbonate particles may be coated with a dispersing agent, such as calcium stearate or with a coupling agent, such as a silane or titanate, or an organic material polymerised in situ on the particles.
  • a dispersing agent such as calcium stearate
  • a coupling agent such as a silane or titanate
  • the polymeric matrix may have been crosslinked, preferably by irradiation, with or without the use of promoters (such as triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane, trimethyacrylate, ethylene glycol diamethacrylate, or triallyl trimellitate); conventional crosslinking reagents, e.g. peroxides, can usually be used alternatively, with or without the same type of promoter.
  • promoters such as triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane, trimethyacrylate, ethylene glycol diamethacrylate, or triallyl trimellitate
  • conventional crosslinking reagents e.g. peroxides
  • Formulations in accordance with the invention may be used for the whole, or a superficial layer of, extruded and injection moulded heat-shrunk components for insulators, cable joints and terminations.
  • the calcium carbonates used in the examples are as follows:-
  • Winnofil S is a precipitated calcium carbonate with a nominal particle size of 75 nm, surface coated with calcium stearate to inhibit agglomeration and promote dispersion.
  • the crushed limestone was specified only as passing 100% through No. 200 British Standard mesh.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Elektrische Vorrichtung bei der ein durch Hitze aufgeschrumpfter Körper aus isolierendem Material entlang seiner Oberfläche einer elektrischen Belastung von mindestens 104 V/m ausgesetzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körper teilchenförmiges Kalzium-carbonat aufweist, das als einziger wesentlicher Füllstoff in einer verträglichen thermoplastischen oder elastomeren Kohlenstoffketen-Polymermatrix in einer Menge verteilt ist, die ausreicht, die Ausfallspannung des Körpers, die nach der in der ASTM-Vorschrift D-2303 dargelegten Methode zur Prüfung der Kriechstromfestigkeit festgestellt wird, auf einen Wert von mindestens 3,0 kV zu erhöhen.
2. Elektrische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Matrix aus Kohlenwasserstoffketten-Polymerisat mit Seitenketten-Heteroatomen besteht.
3. Elektrische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die polymere Matrix ein halbkristallines Copolymerisat aus Äthylen mit Vinylacetat, Äthylacrylat, Methylacrylat, Butylacrylat oder Acrylsäure enthält.
EP84300116A 1983-01-10 1984-01-09 Elektrische Hochspannungsvorrichtung Expired EP0115910B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84300116T ATE26501T1 (de) 1983-01-10 1984-01-09 Elektrische hochspannungsvorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8300535 1983-01-10
GB838300535A GB8300535D0 (en) 1983-01-10 1983-01-10 High voltage electrical apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0115910A1 EP0115910A1 (de) 1984-08-15
EP0115910B1 true EP0115910B1 (de) 1987-04-08

Family

ID=10536119

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84300116A Expired EP0115910B1 (de) 1983-01-10 1984-01-09 Elektrische Hochspannungsvorrichtung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0115910B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE26501T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1208000A (de)
DE (1) DE3463095D1 (de)
GB (2) GB8300535D0 (de)
ZA (1) ZA839660B (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4634246A (en) * 1985-04-01 1987-01-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Automatic focus for overhead projector
US6002085A (en) * 1991-11-18 1999-12-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas insulated switchgear
JP3497189B2 (ja) * 1992-10-12 2004-02-16 日東電工株式会社 耐トラッキング性材料及び該材料を使用した回路基板

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1361890A (fr) * 1963-01-17 1964-05-29 Silec Liaisons Elec Nouvelle matière polyvinylique et son procédé de fabrication, articles et notamment câbles électriques isolés et sous gaine en une telle matière plastique
US3617377A (en) * 1966-06-10 1971-11-02 Fujikura Ltd Insulation consisting of ethylene-propylene rubber composition for electric wire and cable
AT295163B (de) * 1968-05-11 1971-12-27 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines brandsicheren Werkstoffes aus gefüllten Polymeren
DE2234430A1 (de) * 1972-07-13 1974-01-24 Dynamit Nobel Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von pvcmassen
GB1464367A (en) * 1974-05-21 1977-02-09 Clarke Co Ltd Insulator compositions
DE2644079A1 (de) * 1976-09-30 1978-04-06 Solvay Werke Gmbh Weichmacherhaltige brandsichere formmasse bzw. daraus hergestellte brandsichere formkoerper, formteile, extrudierte rohre, kabel und dergleichen
AU543362B2 (en) * 1980-03-05 1985-04-18 Union Carbide Corporation Flame retardant alkylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1208000A (en) 1986-07-22
GB8300535D0 (en) 1983-02-09
ATE26501T1 (de) 1987-04-15
GB2134534B (en) 1986-04-30
GB2134534A (en) 1984-08-15
ZA839660B (en) 1984-08-29
EP0115910A1 (de) 1984-08-15
DE3463095D1 (en) 1987-05-14
GB8400454D0 (en) 1984-02-08

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