Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
  • C01G3/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F1/005—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
  • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
  • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
  • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
  • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
  • C22B3/30—Oximes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
  • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
  • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
  • C22B3/33—Cyanic acids, derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
  • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
  • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
  • C22B3/40—Mixtures
  • C22B3/402—Mixtures of acyclic or carbocyclic compounds of different types
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of winning metals from ore, preferably without chemical pretreatment, or from an enriched or partly treated ore or from a compound or compounds of the metal, in the presence of (an)other metal(s) as ore or compounds. All such forms of the metal (i.e. excluding its elemental state), preferably in the solid state, are hereinafter referred to as "ore" for brevity.
• a process of winning one or more desired metals from an ore containing also at least one undesired metal comprises, according to the present invention, treating the ore with a (preferably volatile) polydentate reagent which forms a (preferably volatile) compound with the or each desired metal but not with the undesired metal(s), transporting (preferably in the vapour phase if possible) the compound from the vicinity of the ore, and decomposing the compound to liberate elemental metal.
• a polydentate reagent is one which reacts, using at least two functional groups of itself, to combine (e.g. to chelate or complex) with the metal, and must display a substantial stereochemical constraint on the metal, such as square planar. Its donor atoms may be any selection from N, 0 and S.
• tetradentate for example a phthalocyanine, a porphyrin, a Schiff base reagent or a hydroxyoxime.
• the reagent may undergo a subsidiary molecular interaction with itself whereby it applies to the metal a stereochemistry different from its formal stereochemistry.
• hydroxyoxime which is formally bidentate, dimerises to form an effectively tetradentate reagent.
• the ore may be such that the desired metal(s) display(s) a different stereochemistry from the undesired metal(s), or the process may include a step of pretreating the ore so that the metals are in oxidation states in which they display different stereochemistries (e.g. the desired metal(s) can adopt a four-coordinate stereochemistry); for example, a copper/iron/ sulphide ore from which copper is to be won may be roasted with the intention of producing Cu(II) and Fe(III), which respectively prefer square planar and octahedral co-ordination.
• the ore may anyway with advantage be converted to oxide before the treatment.
• the process may further comprise, between the ore and the decomposition, separating the compounds, for example by selective fractionation (e.g. crystallisation, distillation).
• the ore may be treated with the reagent in, for example, a fluidised bed, to which heat may be applied as necessary and which the reagent participates in fluidising.
• the decomposition may be by reduction, performed for example by a gas or gases such as hydrogen or water gas, which may participate in fluidising a bed of particles of the same metal as is to be liberated, the particles thus acting as deposition nuclei.
• the reducing gas may be separated from the recovered reagent to permit recycling, or they may be recycled to the ore without separation.
• the object will be to win copper from chalcopyrite ore (tetragonally crystallized sulphide of copper and iron) leaving the iron behind.
• the reagents will be considered first.
• a Schiff base of general structure was prepared by condensing a S-diketone with a diamine, for example:
• Reagent (i) was vaporised in a stream of nitrogen at 200°C and the vapour passed through a fluidised bed of copper(II) sulphide at 150°C.
• An acidic "smoke" was driven off and analysis of the material in the column by thermogravimetry and thin layer chromatography indicated that most of the copper sulphide was unchanged, with some evidence of a little copper(II) complex.
• Chalcopyrite was oxidatively roasted by heating to 375°C a fluidised bed of the chalcopyrite in a current of air. Sulphur dioxide was evolved and the reaction continued for 2 hours.
• the oxidised (powdered) chalcopyrite was placed on a glass frit in an extraction furnace maintained at (in one series) 165°C to 225°C or (in another) at 200°C to 250°C and purged with nitrogen.
• the furnace has a gas outlet above the frit and a gas inlet below the frit.
• the chalcopyrite could be mixed with up to 100 times its volume of inert diluent, such as sand, which improved temperature control but at the cost of higher temperatures and longer running times.
• Reagent (i) (m.p. 87°C) was placed in a vessel heated to 160°C to 220°C, in this case 190°C, and connected into the furnace gas inlet. Nitrogen, also heated to 190°C, was introduced through a diffuser into the molten reagent. Reagent vapour, borne by nitrogen, was thus swept into the gas inlet, through the frit and through the oxidised powdered chalcopyrite, (which was thereby fluidised). Here, the reagent reacted with the copper, forming square planar Cu(II) complex, and not with the iron.
• the complex is sufficiently volatile not to condense at this temperature, and it leaves the furnace, borne on the nitrogen stream, through the outlet.
• the outlet stream was cooled, and 2 g of solid product was obtained consisting of reagent, copper complex, water and 3% non-volatile material. In production, however, there would be no such cooling, except that if other metal complexes had been simultaneously formed, they would at this stage be subjected to a selective fractionation to separate the desired complex, such as by condensation or chromatography.
• the copper complex was then passed (still as vapour, at 215 0 C to 245 0 C) into a decomposition chamber maintained generally at the same temperature but containing a hot probe which the vapour is constrained to pass, and optionally packed with glass beads (e.g. 1 ⁇ 2 mm, 3 mm or 8 mm) to provide a large heated surface.
• the hot probe was an electric heater enclosed in a silica glass sheath, and raised the temperature in its vicinity to (in one series) 200 0 C to 390 C or (in another) to 315 C to 410 o C (all equally successful).
• the copper complex appeared stable. Hydrogen and nitrogen were also introduced (with the copper complex vapour) into the decomposition chambers.
• the gases leaving the decomposition chamber thus comprised liberated reagent, hydrogen and nitrogen.
• the reagent would be separated by any convenient method (e.g. condensation) and recycled to the extraction furnace, while the hydrogen and nitrogen could be returned to the decomposition chamber; however, it was found more convenient simply to recirculate the hydrogen and nitrogen, with the reagent, to the extraction furnace.
• the hydrogen and nitrogen did not interfere with the extraction step, and could even be introduced to the process there.
• Reagent (i) was applied in turn to nickel sulphide and to cobalt sulphide (not oxidatively roasted) by a similar procedure. Under reducing conditions, both metals were plated out at the hot probe. Since Reagent (i) forms no complex with iron, this offers a route to the removal of nickel and cobalt from iron/nickel/cobalt ores; the iron would be left behind.
• Reagent (i) was passed through a bed of Ni(II)S at 200°C, forming the Ni(II) complex, which was volatilised from the (fluidised) bed, transported in the vapour phase to a hot probe and reduced there at 250°C to 350°C; the carrier gas was a hydrogen:nitrogen mixture (1:6 by volume).
• Reagent (i) was passed through a bed of Co(II)S at 200°C, forming the Co(II) complex, which was volatilised from the (fluidised) bed, transported in the vapour phase to a hot probe and reduced there at 250°C to 350°C; the carrier gas was a hydrogen:nitrogen mixture (1:6 by volume).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)

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Publications (3)

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• 1983
  • 1983-01-21 GB GB838301647A patent/GB8301647D0/en active Pending
• 1984
  • 1984-01-13 ZA ZA84283A patent/ZA84283B/xx unknown
  • 1984-01-16 AU AU23505/84A patent/AU575310B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1984-01-19 DE DE8484300326T patent/DE3472419D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-01-19 US US06/572,148 patent/US4518420A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1984-01-19 EP EP84300326A patent/EP0114747B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-01-19 NO NO840206A patent/NO165645C/no unknown
  • 1984-01-19 GB GB08401463A patent/GB2135984B/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-01-20 ES ES529052A patent/ES529052A0/es active Granted
  • 1984-01-20 CA CA000445791A patent/CA1225243A/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-01-20 ZM ZM2/84A patent/ZM284A1/xx unknown
  • 1984-01-20 JP JP59008370A patent/JPS59157230A/ja active Granted
  • 1984-01-20 FI FI840247A patent/FI81124C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

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