EP0114219A2 - Furnace for straw or similar material - Google Patents

Furnace for straw or similar material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0114219A2
EP0114219A2 EP83111204A EP83111204A EP0114219A2 EP 0114219 A2 EP0114219 A2 EP 0114219A2 EP 83111204 A EP83111204 A EP 83111204A EP 83111204 A EP83111204 A EP 83111204A EP 0114219 A2 EP0114219 A2 EP 0114219A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
combustion
air
baffle plate
floor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83111204A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0114219B1 (en
EP0114219A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Simonis
Hans-Otto Dr.-Ing. Sacht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Welger GmbH and Co KG
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Gebrueder Welger GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19823247484 external-priority patent/DE3247484A1/en
Application filed by Gebrueder Welger GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Gebrueder Welger GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT83111204T priority Critical patent/ATE24237T1/en
Publication of EP0114219A2 publication Critical patent/EP0114219A2/en
Publication of EP0114219A3 publication Critical patent/EP0114219A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0114219B1 publication Critical patent/EP0114219B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/02—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in air inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses

Definitions

  • the object is achieved in that the swirl movements are generated by a baffle plate under the ember bed, which completely overlaps air supply openings arranged in the combustion chamber floor and extending in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, so that a gap for the lateral outflow of the combustion air is formed between the baffle plate and the combustion chamber floor, the lateral Air outflow also has a fluidized bed effect on the ember bed.
  • Another advantage of the side air flow on both sides of the baffle plate is that in the area where the ember bed protrudes laterally beyond the baffle plate, the air layer between the ember bed and the combustion chamber floor forms a kind of fluidized bed for the ember bed, which reduces the axial feed resistance of the ember bed.
  • the thus reduced wall friction of the ember bed allows the ember bed to "flow" through the combustion chamber without the embers bed becoming stuck, broken open and pushed over one another, thereby reliably preventing the combustion chamber from becoming blocked.
  • a downwardly directed nozzle row is arranged above the baffle plate region in the combustion chamber ceiling of the combustion chamber region on the feed pipe side.
  • this row of nozzles is used to supply additional combustion air in the initial area of the combustion chamber, in which the majority of the carbonization gases are released; on the other hand, blowing in the combustion air, for example in the vertical axis of the combustion chamber, supports early insertion and complete formation of the two vortex flows.
  • a favorable embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is further achieved in that nozzle rows arranged in the combustion chamber bottom and extending approximately over the entire length of the combustion chamber are only overlapped by the baffle plate up to half the length of the combustion chamber. This will make the bed of embers which in the baffle plate area is only slightly flowed through with combustion air from the bottom, after the baffle plate area is subjected to intensive air from below and the fuel is burned out.
  • the invention also proposes that the width of the baffle plate corresponds to about one sixth of the circumference of the combustion chamber and that the baffle plate is designed as an easily removable sheet metal shell made of heat-resistant steel which is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber base and which is held at a distance from the combustion chamber base by supporting elements and against displacement is secured in the fuel thrust direction.
  • the baffle plate can be easily removed for cleaning the gap space and is also easy to replace after wear. No welding work is necessary on the combustion tube itself to form the nozzle, but only simple drilling or punching work.
  • the combustion chamber consists of a cylindrical outer jacket which surrounds a frustoconical inner jacket made of high-temperature steel, an annular space through which combustion air can flow is formed between the outer jacket and the inner jacket, which is connected to a compressed air blower at the combustion chamber entrance and is closed at the end of the combustion chamber exit, whereby the inner jacket is displaceable and removable relative to a feed pipe.
  • This configuration avoids thermal stresses within the combustion chamber and the resulting crack formation.
  • the manufacture of the combustion chamber and the maintenance, e.g. B. Cleaning and replacing the fuel tube very simplified.
  • the cross-section of the combustion chamber is reduced in the direction of fuel thrust.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is formed by a cylindrical outer jacket 3, into which a feed pipe 4 projects.
  • the outer jacket 3 has approximately twice the diameter of the feed pipe .4 and lies with its central axis inclined downward relative to the roughly horizontal feed pipe 4.
  • the outer jacket 3 is supported by a vertical end plate 5 and is closed off in the axial direction by this end plate 5 outside the circumference of the feed tube. In the lower area, the outer jacket 3 has a recess 6, into which a compressed air blower 7 opens.
  • a somewhat shorter hollow truncated cone-shaped inner jacket 8 is arranged inside the outer jacket 3.
  • the feed pipe 4 projects into the large opening 9 of the inner casing 8 at a short distance above the underside of the inner casing, which forms a combustion chamber floor 10.
  • the small opening of the inner jacket 8 closes approximately with the outer jacket 3 and forms an open combustion chamber outlet 13.
  • the inner jacket underside runs parallel to the outer jacket 3 at a distance, so that an air-flowable annular space 11 remains on the entire circumference between the inner jacket 8 and the outer jacket 3.
  • An end plate 12 closes the large opening 9 outside the circumference of the feed tube.
  • the end plate 12 carries the inner jacket 8 and has a slightly larger inner diameter than the feed tube 4, so that the inner jacket 8 with the end plate 12 can be displaced on the feed tube 4.
  • the inner jacket 8 surrounds an annular disk 14.
  • the annular disk 14 covers the annular chamber 11 on the combustion chamber outlet side on the one hand, and on the other hand it serves to fasten the inner jacket 8 to the outer jacket 3.
  • the annular disk 14 is flanged 90 ° forward on the outer circumference and this flanged edge 15 is pushed into the outer jacket 3.
  • a fastening element 16 passes through the outer jacket 3 and the flanged edge 15 above and below. After the fastening elements 16 have been removed, the inner jacket 8 can be pulled out of the outer jacket 3.
  • the combustion air is blown into the annular space 11 by the compressed air blower 7 and enters the inner casing 8 through four nozzle sets from the annular space 11: a) A row of nozzles 17 extending approximately over the entire length of the combustion chamber is arranged in the combustion chamber base 10 on both sides at a distance from the vertical combustion chamber center plane. which is formed from individual holes. On the feed pipe side, these rows of nozzles 17 are completely overlapped by a baffle plate 18 over approximately 2/3 of the combustion chamber length.
  • the baffle plate 18 consists of a sheet metal shell made of highly heat-resistant steel which is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber base 10, has a width which corresponds to approximately one sixth of the inner shell circumference and has lateral interlocks 19 as support elements which place the sheet metal shell at a distance of approximately 2 mm from the combustion chamber base 10 hold so that a gap 20 is formed between the baffle plate 18 and the combustion chamber floor 10.
  • the baffle plate 18 deflects the air jets flowing into the gap 20 through the rows of nozzles 17 by about 90 ° to the lateral outflow, so that an air flow 21, 22 is formed along the inner circumference of the jacket on each combustion chamber side.
  • a row of nozzles 27 is arranged above the baffle plate 18 in the combustion chamber ceiling formed by the inner jacket 8 and extends in the vertical central plane of the combustion chamber and extends in the axial direction of the combustion chamber 2, the air jets 28 of which are directed downwards and the length of which corresponds to approximately half the length of the baffle plate .
  • the rows of nozzles 17 are uncovered up to the combustion chamber outlet 13, so that the air is blown upwards in the radial direction 30.
  • nozzles 31 are provided in the form of bores, the flow 32 of which is directed radially downward, over the upper third of the inner jacket circumference.
  • a fuel strand 33 made of compressed short straw is fed into the combustion chamber 2 in the fuel thrust direction 29 through the feed pipe 4 pushed and the compressed air blower 7 switched on.
  • the fuel strand 33 burns off on the end face, an ember bed 34 of straw charcoal being formed over the baffle plate 18 and over the combustion chamber base 10 during the advancement of the fuel strand 33, which bed becomes flatter toward the combustion chamber outlet 13.
  • the row of nozzles 27 has a component directed towards the fuel strand end for the supply of combustion air.
  • the released, volatile smoldering gases rise to the top of the combustion chamber and are caught by the air swirl movements 23, 24, mixed intensively with air and flow as burning air-smoldering gas swirl movements 23, 24 to the combustion chamber outlet 13, as a result of the tapering of the combustion chamber 2 be kept close to the ember bed 34.
  • the row of nozzles 27 supports the formation of the two oppositely symmetrical swirl movements 23, 24 by the vertically downward directed air jets 28.
  • the air flowing out laterally from the gap space 20 creates an air layer between the ember bed 34 and the combustion chamber floor 10, which reduces the feed resistance of the ember bed 34.
  • the ember bed 34 After the ember bed 34 is pushed over the baffle plate 18, it is flowed through from below by the radially upward air jets 30 of the nozzle rows 17, so that residual fuel parts are still burned.
  • the nozzles 31 distributed in the upper third of the inner jacket circumference serve to burn residual gas. After reaching the combustion chamber outlet 13, the embers bed 34 falls down into the ash room at the bottom of the furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

1. Furnace for straw or similar material, with a horizontal, tubular combustion chamber (2) projecting into a heating boiler (1), into which chamber the fuel is inserted from the outside in the axial direction and to which the combustion air is supplied from an annular space (11) on the circumferential side encasing the combustion chamber (2), the shape of the combustion chamber (2) and the arrangement of the supply of combustion air being so co-ordinated with each other that they force the combustion air and the gasified fuel components into two powerful twisting movements (23, 24) and direct them as eddy currents in the axial direction closely over an incandescent bed (34) lying on the floor (10) of the combustion chamber, characterized in that the twisting movements (23, 24) are produced by a baffle plate (18) underneath the incandescent bed (34), which plate completely overlaps air supply openings (17) which are arranged in the combustion chamber floor (10) and run in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, so that between the baffle plate (18) and the combustion chamber floor (10) a clearance space (20) is formed for the combustion air to flow out laterally, the lateral air outflow (21, 22) additionally exerting a fluidized bed effect on the incandescent bed (34).

Description

Beim Gegenstand der älteren, aber nicht vorveröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung P 31 26 419.0 sollen zwei Wirbelströmungen durch einzelne beabstandete Düsen erzeugt werden, die im Brennkammerboden beidseits der vertikalen Brennkammermittelachsebene angeordnet sind. Mit dieser Ausgestaltung werden zwar schon relativ gute Verbrennungsergebnisse erzielt, es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß der Strohstrang im Bereich jeder Einzeldüse intensiver verbrannt wird als im Raum zwischen den Düsen. Ferner ist die Herstellung der Brennkammer mit Einzeldüsen und Luftleitblechen für jede Einzeldüse relativ aufwendig und bedingt Schweißarbeiten, die an dem hochhitzebeständigem Material nur begrenzt durchführbar sind. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Brennkammer so zu verbessern, daß mit geringem konstruktiven Aufwand eine gleichmäßigere Verbrennung des Strohstranges erreicht und der Vorschubwiderstand des Glutbettes in der Brennkammer verringert wird.In the subject of the older, but not pre-published German patent application P 31 26 419.0, two vortex flows are to be generated by individually spaced nozzles which are arranged in the combustion chamber floor on both sides of the vertical combustion chamber center plane. With this configuration, relatively good combustion results are achieved, but it has been shown that the straw strand is burned more intensively in the area of each individual nozzle than in the space between the nozzles. Furthermore, the manufacture of the combustion chamber with individual nozzles and air baffles for each individual nozzle is relatively complex and requires welding work which can only be carried out to a limited extent on the highly heat-resistant material. The present invention has for its object to improve the combustion chamber so that a more uniform combustion of the straw strand is achieved with little design effort and the feed resistance of the ember bed in the combustion chamber is reduced.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Drallbewegungen durch eine Prallplatte unter dem Glutbett erzeugt werden, welche im Brennkammerboden angeordnete und in Brennkammerlängsrichtung verlaufende Luftzuführöffnungen vollständig überlappt, so daß zwischen Prallplatte und Brennkammerboden ein Spaltraum zur seitlichen Ausströmung der Verbrennungsluft gebildet wird, wobei die seitliche Luftausströmung zusätzlich einen Fließbetteffekt auf das Glutbett ausübt.The object is achieved in that the swirl movements are generated by a baffle plate under the ember bed, which completely overlaps air supply openings arranged in the combustion chamber floor and extending in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, so that a gap for the lateral outflow of the combustion air is formed between the baffle plate and the combustion chamber floor, the lateral Air outflow also has a fluidized bed effect on the ember bed.

Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Brennkammer wird beidseits der Prallplatte entlang deren gesamter Länge eine kontinuierliche Ausströmung der Verbrennungsluft erzielt und damit eine gleichmäßige Luftdurchströmung und Verbrennung des Strohstranges gewährleistet. Die beidseits der Prallplatte austretenden Luftströmungen treffen im oberen Brennkammerbereich frontal gegeneinander. wodurch sie etwa um 90° nach unten abgelenkt und in zwei kräftige, entgegengesetzt symmetrische Rotationswirbel gezwungen werden. Dadurch wird die im oberen Brennkammerbereich besonders heiße Luft mit den vom Glutbett aufsteigenden Schwelgasen intensiv vermischt, wodurch die beiden wichtigen Voraussetzungen für eine gute Verbrennung der Schwelgase, nämlich gute Durchmischung der Schwelgase mit Verbrennungsluft bei gleichzeitig hoher Verbrennungstemperatur, auf konstruktiv einfache Weise verwirklicht werden können. Einen weiteren Vorteil bietet die seitliche Luftausströmung beidseits der Prallplatte dadurch, daß in dem Bereich, in dem das Glutbett seitlich über die Prallplatte hinausragt, die Luftschicht zwischen Glutbett und Brennkammerboden eine Art Fließbett für das Glutbett bildet, wodurch der axiale Vorschubwiderstand des Glutbettes verringert wird. Die so verminderte Wandreibung des Glutbettes läßt das Glutbett durch die Brennkammer "fließen", ohne daß ein Festsetzen, Aufbrechen und Ubereinanderschieben des Glutbettes stattfindet, wodurch das Verstopfen der Brennkammer sicher verhindert wird.With this design of the combustion chamber according to the invention, a continuous outflow of the combustion air is achieved on both sides of the baffle plate along its entire length, thus ensuring a uniform air flow and combustion of the straw strand. The air flows emerging on both sides of the baffle plate meet head-on in the upper combustion chamber area. whereby they are deflected downwards by about 90 ° and forced into two powerful, oppositely symmetrical rotation vortices. As a result, the particularly hot air in the upper combustion chamber area is mixed intensively with the carbonization gases rising from the ember bed, which means that the two important requirements for good combustion of the carbonization gases, namely thorough mixing of the carbonization gases with combustion air at a high combustion temperature, can be achieved in a structurally simple manner. Another advantage of the side air flow on both sides of the baffle plate is that in the area where the ember bed protrudes laterally beyond the baffle plate, the air layer between the ember bed and the combustion chamber floor forms a kind of fluidized bed for the ember bed, which reduces the axial feed resistance of the ember bed. The thus reduced wall friction of the ember bed allows the ember bed to "flow" through the combustion chamber without the embers bed becoming stuck, broken open and pushed over one another, thereby reliably preventing the combustion chamber from becoming blocked.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist oberhalb des Prallplattenbereiches in der Brennkammerdecke des zuführrohrseitigen Brennkammerbereiches eine nach unten gerichtete, etwa in der vertikalen Brennkammermittelachsebene gelegene und sich in axialer Richtung der Brennkammer erstreckende Düsenreihe angeordnet. Einerseits dient diese Düsenreihe dazu, im Anfangsbereich der Brennkammer, in dem der Großteil der Schwelgase freigesetzt wird, zusätzlich Verbrennungsluft zuzuführen, andererseits unterstützt das Einblasen der Verbrennungsluft etwa in der vertikalen Brennkammermittelachsebene ein frühzeitiges Einsetzen und eine vollständige Ausbildung der beiden Wirbelströmungen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, above the baffle plate region in the combustion chamber ceiling of the combustion chamber region on the feed pipe side, a downwardly directed nozzle row, approximately in the vertical axis of the combustion chamber and extending in the axial direction of the combustion chamber, is arranged. On the one hand, this row of nozzles is used to supply additional combustion air in the initial area of the combustion chamber, in which the majority of the carbonization gases are released; on the other hand, blowing in the combustion air, for example in the vertical axis of the combustion chamber, supports early insertion and complete formation of the two vortex flows.

Eine günstige Ausgestaltung des Erfindungsgegenstandes wird ferner dadurch erreicht, daß im Brennkammerboden angeordnete und sich etwa über die gesamte Brennkammerlänge erstreckende Düsenreihen nur etwa bis zur Hälfte der Brennkammerlänge von der Prallplatte überlappt werden. Dadurch wird das Glutbett, welches im Prallplattenbereich von unten nur wenig mit Verbrennungsluft durchströmt wird, im Anschluß an den Prallplattenbereich intensiv von unten mit Luft beaufschlagt und das Brennmaterial ausgebrannt.A favorable embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is further achieved in that nozzle rows arranged in the combustion chamber bottom and extending approximately over the entire length of the combustion chamber are only overlapped by the baffle plate up to half the length of the combustion chamber. This will make the bed of embers which in the baffle plate area is only slightly flowed through with combustion air from the bottom, after the baffle plate area is subjected to intensive air from below and the fuel is burned out.

Die Erfindung schlägt ferner vor, daß die Breite der Prallplatte etwa einem Sechstel des Brennkammerinnenmantelumfanges entspricht und daß die Prallplatte als eine leicht herausnehmbare, der Form des Brennkammerbodens angepaßte Blechschale aus hitzebeständigem Stahl ausgebildet ist, welche durch Stützelemente auf Abstand zum Brennkammerboden gehalten wird und gegen Verschieben in Brennstoffschubrichtung gesichert ist. Die Prallplatte läßt sich zum Reinigen des Spaltraumes leicht entnehmen und ist außerdem nach Verschleiß einfach ersetzbar. Am Brennrohr selbst sind zur Düsenbildung keine Schweißarbeiten notwendig, sondern nur einfache Bohr- oder Stanzarbeiten.The invention also proposes that the width of the baffle plate corresponds to about one sixth of the circumference of the combustion chamber and that the baffle plate is designed as an easily removable sheet metal shell made of heat-resistant steel which is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber base and which is held at a distance from the combustion chamber base by supporting elements and against displacement is secured in the fuel thrust direction. The baffle plate can be easily removed for cleaning the gap space and is also easy to replace after wear. No welding work is necessary on the combustion tube itself to form the nozzle, but only simple drilling or punching work.

In vorteilhafter Weise besteht die Brennkammer aus einem zylindrischen Außenmantel, der einen hohlkegelstumpfförmigen Innenmantel aus hochhitzebeständigem Stahl umschließt, wobei zwischen Außenmantel und Innenmantel ein von Verbrennungsluft durchströmbarer Ringraum gebildet wird, der am Brennkammereingang mit einem Druckluftgebläse in Verbindung steht und am Brennkammerausgang stirnseitig geschlossen ist, wobei der Innenmantel gegenüber einem Zuführrohr verschiebbar und herausnehmbar ausgebildet ist. Durch diese Ausgestaltung werden Wärmespannungen innerhalb der Brennkammer und damit auftretende Rißbildungen vermieden. Überdies wird die Herstellung der Brennkammer und die Wartung, z. B. Reinigen und Auswechseln des Brennrohres sehr vereinfacht.Advantageously, the combustion chamber consists of a cylindrical outer jacket which surrounds a frustoconical inner jacket made of high-temperature steel, an annular space through which combustion air can flow is formed between the outer jacket and the inner jacket, which is connected to a compressed air blower at the combustion chamber entrance and is closed at the end of the combustion chamber exit, whereby the inner jacket is displaceable and removable relative to a feed pipe. This configuration avoids thermal stresses within the combustion chamber and the resulting crack formation. Furthermore, the manufacture of the combustion chamber and the maintenance, e.g. B. Cleaning and replacing the fuel tube very simplified.

Um zu gewährleisten, daß die Wirbelströmungen über die gesamte Brennkammerlänge dicht über das Glutbett geführt werden, verkleinert sich der Brennkammerquerschnitt in Brennstoffschubrichtung.In order to ensure that the eddy currents are conducted closely over the ember bed over the entire length of the combustion chamber, the cross-section of the combustion chamber is reduced in the direction of fuel thrust.

Ein Beispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im folgenden beschrieben. Hierbei zeigen:

  • F i g . 1 einen vertikalen Mittelschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkammer einer Feuerungsanlage.
  • F i g . 2 einen Querschnitt in der Schnittebene A - B.
  • F i g . 3 einen Querschnitt in der Schnittebene C - D.
An example of the subject of the invention is shown in the drawing and described below. Here show:
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical central section through a combustion chamber of a combustion system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section in the sectional plane A - B.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section in the sectional plane C - D.

Von der beispielsweise in der Patentanmeldung P 31 26 419.0 näher beschriebenen Feuerungsanlage, deren Heizungskessel 1 hier nur andeutungsweise dargestellt ist, wird im folgenden im wesentlichen nur die Ausbildung der Brennkammer 2 dargestellt und beschrieben.Of the firing system described in more detail, for example, in patent application P 31 26 419.0, the heating boiler 1 of which is shown only hinted here, essentially only the design of the combustion chamber 2 is shown and described below.

Die Brennkammer 2 wird gebildet von einem zylindrischen Außenmantel 3, in den ein Zuführrohr 4 hineinragt. Der Außenmantel 3 hat etwa den doppelten Durchmesser des Zuführrohres .4 und liegt mit seiner Mittelachse gegenüber dem etwa horizontalen Zuführrohr 4 nach unten geneigt. Der Außenmantel 3 wird von einer vertikalen Stirnplatte 5 getragen und außerhalb des Zuführrohrumfanges von dieser Stirnplatte 5 in axialer Richtung abgeschlossen. Im unteren Bereich weist der Außenmantel 3 eine Ausnehmung 6 auf, in die ein Druckluftgebläse 7 mündet.The combustion chamber 2 is formed by a cylindrical outer jacket 3, into which a feed pipe 4 projects. The outer jacket 3 has approximately twice the diameter of the feed pipe .4 and lies with its central axis inclined downward relative to the roughly horizontal feed pipe 4. The outer jacket 3 is supported by a vertical end plate 5 and is closed off in the axial direction by this end plate 5 outside the circumference of the feed tube. In the lower area, the outer jacket 3 has a recess 6, into which a compressed air blower 7 opens.

Innerhalb des Außenmantels 3 ist ein etwas kürzerer hohlkegelstumpfförmiger Innenmantel 8 angeordnet. In die große Öffnung 9 des Innenmantels 8 ragt in geringem Abstand oberhalb der Innenmantelunterseite, die einen Brennkammerboden 10 bildet, das Zuführrohr 4 hinein. Die kleine Öffnung des Innenmantels 8 schließt etwa mit dem Außenmantel 3 ab und bildet einen offenen Brennkammerausgang 13. Die Innenmantelunterseite verläuft mit Abstand parallel zum Außenmantel 3, so daß zwischen Innenmantel 8 und Außenmantel 3 auf dem ganzen Umfang ein von Luft durchströmbarer Ringraum 11 verbleibt.A somewhat shorter hollow truncated cone-shaped inner jacket 8 is arranged inside the outer jacket 3. The feed pipe 4 projects into the large opening 9 of the inner casing 8 at a short distance above the underside of the inner casing, which forms a combustion chamber floor 10. The small opening of the inner jacket 8 closes approximately with the outer jacket 3 and forms an open combustion chamber outlet 13. The inner jacket underside runs parallel to the outer jacket 3 at a distance, so that an air-flowable annular space 11 remains on the entire circumference between the inner jacket 8 and the outer jacket 3.

Eine Stirnplatte 12 verschließt außerhalb des Zuführrohrumfanges die große Öffnung 9. Die Stirnplatte 12 trägt den Innenmantel 8 und besitzt einen etwas größeren Innendurchmesser als das Zuführrohr 4, so daß der Innenmantel 8 mit der Stirnplatte 12 auf dem Zuführrohr 4 verschiebbar ist. Kurz vor dem Brennkammerausgang 13 umschließt den Innenmantel 8 eine Ringscheibe 14. Die Ringscheibe 14 deckt einerseits den Ringraum 11 brennkammerausgangsseitig ab und andererseits dient sie als Befestigung des Innenmantels 8 am Außenmantel 3. Zur Befestigung ist die Ringscheibe 14 am Außenumfang um 90° nach vorn gebördelt und dieser Bördelrand 15 ist in den Außenmantel 3 geschoben. Oben und unten durchsetzt den Außenmantel 3 und den Bördelrand 15 jeweils ein Befestigungselement 16. Nach Entfernen der Befestigungselemente 16 läßt sich der Innenmantel 8 aus dem Außenmantel 3 herausziehen.An end plate 12 closes the large opening 9 outside the circumference of the feed tube. The end plate 12 carries the inner jacket 8 and has a slightly larger inner diameter than the feed tube 4, so that the inner jacket 8 with the end plate 12 can be displaced on the feed tube 4. Shortly before the combustion chamber outlet 13, the inner jacket 8 surrounds an annular disk 14. The annular disk 14 covers the annular chamber 11 on the combustion chamber outlet side on the one hand, and on the other hand it serves to fasten the inner jacket 8 to the outer jacket 3. For fastening, the annular disk 14 is flanged 90 ° forward on the outer circumference and this flanged edge 15 is pushed into the outer jacket 3. A fastening element 16 passes through the outer jacket 3 and the flanged edge 15 above and below. After the fastening elements 16 have been removed, the inner jacket 8 can be pulled out of the outer jacket 3.

Die Verbrennungsluft wird vom Druckluftgebläse 7 in den Ringraum 11 geblasen und tritt aus dem Ringraum 11 in den Innenmantel 8 durch vier Düsensätze ein: a) Im Brennkammerboden 10 ist beidseits im Abstand zur vertikalen Brennkammermittelachsebene eine sich etwa über die gesamte Brennkammerlänge erstreckende Düsenreihe 17 angeordnet, die aus Einzelbohrungen gebildet wird. Zuführrohrseitig werden diese Düsenreihen 17 über etwa 2/3 der Brennkammerlänge von einer Prallplatte 18 vollständig überlappt. Die .Prallplatte 18 besteht aus einer der Form des Brennkammerbodens 10 angepaßten Blechschale aus hochhitzebeständigem Stahl, besitzt eine Breite, die etwa einem Sechstel des Innenmantelumfanges entspricht und weist seitliche Verschränkungen 19 als Stützelemente auf, die die Blechschale auf einen Abstand von etwa 2 mm zum Brennkammerboden 10 halten, so daß zwischen Prallplatte 18 und Brennkammerboden 10 ein Spaltraum 20 gebildet wird. Die Prallplatte 18 lenkt die durch die Düsenreihen 17 in den Spaltraum 20 einströmenden Luftstrahlen etwa um 90° zur seitlichen Ausströmung um, so daß sich auf jeder Brennkammerseite eine Luftströmung 21, 22 entlang des Innen- _ mantelumfanges bildet. Die Luftströmungen 21, 22 treffen im oberen Brennkammerbereich frontal gegeneinander, wodurch diese etwa um 90° nach unten abgelenkt und in zwei kräftige, entgegengesetzt symmetrische Drallbewegungen 23, 24 gezwungen werden, die als axiale Rotationswirbel zum Brennkammerausgang 13 strömen. Um eine Verschiebung der Prallplatte 18 gegenüber dem Brennkammerboden 10 zu vermeiden, greift ein an der Prallplatte 18 befestigter, nach unten gerichteter Zapfen 25 in eine Bohrung 26 im Brennkammerboden 10 ein. b) Im zuführrohrseitigen Brennkammerbereich ist oberhalb der Prallplatte 18 in der vom Innenmantel 8 gebildeten Brennkammerdecke eine in der vertikalen Brennkammermittelachsebene gelegene und in axialer Richtung der Brennkammer 2 verlaufende Düsenreihe 27 angeordnet, deren Luftstrahlen 28 nach unten gerichtet sind und deren Länge etwa der halben Prallplattenlänge entspricht. c) In Brennstoffschubrichtung 29 gesehen hinter der Prallplatte 18 sind die Düsenreihen 17 bis zum Brennkammerausgang 13 hin unbedeckt, so daß die Luft in radialer Richtung 30 nach oben geblasen wird. d) In der Brennkammerdecke sind kurz vor dem Brennkammerausgang 13 über das obere Drittel des Innenmantelumfanges verteilt Düsen 31 in Form von Bohrungen vorgesehen, deren Strömung 32 radial nach unten gerichtet ist.The combustion air is blown into the annular space 11 by the compressed air blower 7 and enters the inner casing 8 through four nozzle sets from the annular space 11: a) A row of nozzles 17 extending approximately over the entire length of the combustion chamber is arranged in the combustion chamber base 10 on both sides at a distance from the vertical combustion chamber center plane. which is formed from individual holes. On the feed pipe side, these rows of nozzles 17 are completely overlapped by a baffle plate 18 over approximately 2/3 of the combustion chamber length. The baffle plate 18 consists of a sheet metal shell made of highly heat-resistant steel which is adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber base 10, has a width which corresponds to approximately one sixth of the inner shell circumference and has lateral interlocks 19 as support elements which place the sheet metal shell at a distance of approximately 2 mm from the combustion chamber base 10 hold so that a gap 20 is formed between the baffle plate 18 and the combustion chamber floor 10. The baffle plate 18 deflects the air jets flowing into the gap 20 through the rows of nozzles 17 by about 90 ° to the lateral outflow, so that an air flow 21, 22 is formed along the inner circumference of the jacket on each combustion chamber side. The air flows 21, 22 hit each other frontally in the upper combustion chamber area, thereby deflecting them downward by approximately 90 ° and forcing them into two powerful, oppositely symmetrical swirl movements 23, 24, which flow as axial swirls to the combustion chamber outlet 13. In order to avoid displacement of the baffle plate 18 with respect to the combustion chamber base 10, a pin 25 fastened to the baffle plate 18 and directed downwards engages in a bore 26 in the combustion chamber base 10. b) In the combustion chamber area on the supply pipe side, a row of nozzles 27 is arranged above the baffle plate 18 in the combustion chamber ceiling formed by the inner jacket 8 and extends in the vertical central plane of the combustion chamber and extends in the axial direction of the combustion chamber 2, the air jets 28 of which are directed downwards and the length of which corresponds to approximately half the length of the baffle plate . c) Seen in the fuel thrust direction 29 behind the baffle plate 18, the rows of nozzles 17 are uncovered up to the combustion chamber outlet 13, so that the air is blown upwards in the radial direction 30. d) In the combustion chamber ceiling, shortly before the combustion chamber outlet 13, nozzles 31 are provided in the form of bores, the flow 32 of which is directed radially downward, over the upper third of the inner jacket circumference.

Bei der Inbetriebnahme wird ein Brennstoffstrang 33 aus komprimiertem Kurzstroh in Brennstoffschubrichtung 29 durch das Zuführrohr 4 in die Brennkammer 2 geschoben und das Druckluftgebläse 7 eingeschaltet. Nach einer Initialzündung brennt der Brennstoffstrang 33 stirnseitig ab, wobei sich während des Vorschiebens des Brennstoffstranges 33 über der Prallplatte 18 und über dem Brennkammerboden 10 ein Glutbett 34 aus Strohkohle ausbildet, das zum Brennkammerausgang 13 hin flacher wird. Durch die konische Form des Innenmantels 8 weist die Düsenreihe 27 eine auf die Brennstoffstrangstirnseite gerichtete Komponente zur Verbrennungsluftzufuhr auf. Während der Verbrennung steigen die freigesetzten, flüchtigen Schwelgase nach oben zur Brennkammerdecke und werden von den Luftdrallbewegungen 23, 24 erfaßt, intensiv mit Luft durchmischt und strömen als brennende Luft-Schwelgas Drallbewegungen 23, 24 zum Brennkammerausgang 13, wobei sie infolge der Verjüngung der Brennkammer 2 nahe am Glutbett 34 gehalten werden. Die Düsenreihe 27 unterstützt durch die vertikal nach unten gerichteten Luftstrahlen 28 die Bildung der beiden entgegengesetzt symmetrischen Drallbewegungen 23, 24. Die seitlich aus dem Spaltraum 20 ausströmende Luft erzeugt zwischen Glutbett 34 und Brennkammerboden 10 eine Luftschicht, die den Vorschubwiderstand des Glutbettes 34 verringert. Nachdem das Glutbett 34 über die Prallplatte 18 hinausgeschoben ist, wird es durch die radial nach oben gerichteten Luftstrahlen 30 der Düsenreihen 17 von unten durchströmt, so daß auch Restbrennstoffteile noch verbrannt werden. Die im oberen Drittel des Innenmantelumfanges verteilten Düsen 31, dienen der Restgasverbrennung. Das Glutbett 34 fällt nach Erreichen des Brennkammerausgangs 13 nach unten in den Ascheraum am Boden der Feuerungsanlage.During commissioning, a fuel strand 33 made of compressed short straw is fed into the combustion chamber 2 in the fuel thrust direction 29 through the feed pipe 4 pushed and the compressed air blower 7 switched on. After an initial ignition, the fuel strand 33 burns off on the end face, an ember bed 34 of straw charcoal being formed over the baffle plate 18 and over the combustion chamber base 10 during the advancement of the fuel strand 33, which bed becomes flatter toward the combustion chamber outlet 13. Due to the conical shape of the inner jacket 8, the row of nozzles 27 has a component directed towards the fuel strand end for the supply of combustion air. During the combustion, the released, volatile smoldering gases rise to the top of the combustion chamber and are caught by the air swirl movements 23, 24, mixed intensively with air and flow as burning air-smoldering gas swirl movements 23, 24 to the combustion chamber outlet 13, as a result of the tapering of the combustion chamber 2 be kept close to the ember bed 34. The row of nozzles 27 supports the formation of the two oppositely symmetrical swirl movements 23, 24 by the vertically downward directed air jets 28. The air flowing out laterally from the gap space 20 creates an air layer between the ember bed 34 and the combustion chamber floor 10, which reduces the feed resistance of the ember bed 34. After the ember bed 34 is pushed over the baffle plate 18, it is flowed through from below by the radially upward air jets 30 of the nozzle rows 17, so that residual fuel parts are still burned. The nozzles 31 distributed in the upper third of the inner jacket circumference serve to burn residual gas. After reaching the combustion chamber outlet 13, the embers bed 34 falls down into the ash room at the bottom of the furnace.

Claims (6)

1. Feuerungsanlage für Stroh oder ähnliches Material mit einer liegenden, in einen Heizungskessel (1) hineinragenden, rohrförmigen Brennkammer (2), in welche der Brennstoff von außen in axialer Richtung eingeschoben und welcher die Verbrennungsluft aus einem die Brennkammer (2) umhüllenden Ringraum (11) umfangsseitig zugeführt wird, wobei die Form der Brennkammer (2) und die Anordnung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, daß sie die Verbrennungsluft und die vergasten Brennstoffanteile in zwei kräftige Drallbewegungen (23, 24) zwingen und als Wirbelströmungen in axialer Richtung dicht über ein auf dem Brennkammerboden (10) liegendes Glutbett (34) leiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drallbewegungen (23, 24) durch eine Prallplatte (18) unter dem Glutbett (34) erzeugt werden, welche im Brennkammerboden (10) angeordnete und in Brennkammerlängsrichtung verlaufende Luftzuführöffnungen (17) vollständig überlappt, so daß zwischen Prallplatte (18) und Brennkammerboden (10) ein Spaltraum (20) zur seitlichen Ausströmung der Verbrennungsluft gebildet wird, wobei die seitliche Luftausströmung (21, 22) zusätzlich einen Fließbetteffekt auf das Glutbett (34) ausübt.1. Firing system for straw or similar material with a horizontal tubular combustion chamber (2) protruding into a heating boiler (1), into which the fuel is inserted in the axial direction from the outside and which combusts the combustion air from an annular space enveloping the combustion chamber (2) 11) is supplied circumferentially, the shape of the combustion chamber (2) and the arrangement of the combustion air supply being coordinated with one another in such a way that they force the combustion air and the gasified fuel components into two vigorous swirl movements (23, 24) and as vortex currents in the axial direction closely above conduct an ember bed (34) lying on the combustion chamber floor (10), characterized in that the swirl movements (23, 24) are generated by a baffle plate (18) under the ember bed (34) which is arranged in the combustion chamber floor (10) and in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber running air supply openings (17) completely overlap so that between the baffle plate (18) and the combustion chamber floor ( 10) a gap (20) is formed for the lateral outflow of the combustion air, the lateral air outflow (21, 22) additionally having a fluidized bed effect on the ember bed (34). 2. Feuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß oberhalb des Prallplattenbereiches in der Brennkammerdecke des zuführrohrseitigen Brennkammerbereiches eine nach unten gerichtete, etwa in der vertikalen Brennkammermittelachsebene gelegene und sich in axialer Richtung der Brennkammer (2) erstreckende Düsenreihe (27) angeordnet ist.2. Firing system according to claim 1, characterized in that above the baffle plate area in the combustion chamber ceiling of the feed pipe-side combustion chamber area a downward, approximately in the vertical combustion chamber central plane and in the axial direction of the combustion chamber (2) extending nozzle row (27) is arranged. 3. Feuerunganlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Brennkammerboden (10) angeordnete und sich etwa über die gesamte Brennkammerlänge erstreckende Düsenreihen (17) nur etwa bis zur Hälfte der Brennkammerlänge von der Prallplatte (18) überlappt werden.3. Firing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that arranged in the combustion chamber floor (10) and extending approximately over the entire length of the combustion chamber rows of nozzles (17) are only overlapped by approximately half of the combustion chamber length of the baffle plate (18). 4. Feuerungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Breite der Prallplatte (18) etwa einem Sechstel des Brennkammerinnenmantelumfanges entspricht und daß die Prallplatte (18) als eine leicht herausnehmbare, der Form des Brennkammerbodens (10) angepaßte Blechschale aus hitzebeständigem Stahl ausgebildet ist, welche durch Stützelemente (19) auf Abstand zum Brennkammerboden (10) gehalten wird und gegen Verschieben in Brennstoffschubrichtung (29) gesichert ist.4. Firing system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the width of the baffle plate (18) corresponds to approximately one sixth of the combustion chamber inner circumference and that the baffle plate (18) as an easily removable, the shape of the combustion chamber bottom (10) adapted sheet metal shell heat-resistant steel is formed, which is held at a distance from the combustion chamber base (10) by support elements (19) and is secured against displacement in the fuel thrust direction (29). 5. Feuerungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennkammer (2) aus einem zylindrischen Außenmantel (3) besteht, der einen hohlkegelstumpfförmigen Innenmantel (8) aus hochhitzebeständigem Stahl umschließt, wobei zwischen Außenmantel (3) und Innenmantel (8) ein von Verbrennungsluft durchströmbarer Ringraum (11) gebildet wird, der am Brennkammereingang mit einem Druckluftgebläse (7) in Verbindung steht und am Brennkammerausgang (13) stirnseitig geschlossen ist, wobei der Innenmantel (8) gegenüber einem Zuführrohr (4) verschiebbar und herausnehmbar ausgebildet ist.5. Furnace according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the combustion chamber (2) consists of a cylindrical outer jacket (3) which encloses a frustoconical inner jacket (8) made of high-temperature steel, the outer jacket (3) and the inner jacket ( 8) an annular space (11) through which combustion air can flow is formed, which is connected to a compressed air blower (7) at the combustion chamber inlet and is closed at the end at the combustion chamber outlet (13), the inner jacket (8) being displaceable and removable relative to a feed pipe (4) is trained. 6. Feuerungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Brennkammerquerschnitt in Brennstoffschubrichtung (29) verkleinert.6. Firing system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the combustion chamber cross section in the fuel thrust direction (29) is reduced.
EP83111204A 1982-12-22 1983-11-10 Furnace for straw or similar material Expired EP0114219B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83111204T ATE24237T1 (en) 1982-12-22 1983-11-10 FURNACE FOR STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3247484 1982-12-22
DE19823247484 DE3247484A1 (en) 1981-07-04 1982-12-22 Furnace installation for straw or similar material

Publications (3)

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EP0114219A2 true EP0114219A2 (en) 1984-08-01
EP0114219A3 EP0114219A3 (en) 1985-08-28
EP0114219B1 EP0114219B1 (en) 1986-12-10

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EP83111204A Expired EP0114219B1 (en) 1982-12-22 1983-11-10 Furnace for straw or similar material

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EP (1) EP0114219B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE24237T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3368319D1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671166A1 (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-03 Biomasse Normandie Assoc Rgle Boiler specially designed for burning wood scraps
WO2001025697A1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-12 Maskinfabrikken Reka A/S A boiler with combustion retort
WO2002068865A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-06 Thunstroem Haakan Combustion device
WO2008043920A2 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Entreprise Ronot Cereal burner
CN102269403A (en) * 2011-07-06 2011-12-07 农业部规划设计研究院 Straw fuel suspension combustion furnace
CN103836614A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-06-04 张崇鑫 Biomass burner
EP2762819A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-08-06 Otto Keiml Burners for solid fuels with rotatable combustion tube

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981003057A1 (en) * 1980-04-16 1981-10-29 J Hellzen Arrangement for firing solid fuels
EP0038962A1 (en) * 1980-04-29 1981-11-04 Siegfried Bieder Apparatus for the combustion of light solid materials by a continuously fed furnace
DE3211249A1 (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-12-02 Trunkenpolz Maschinen GmbH, 4950 Altheim, Oberösterreich Method and device for combustion of straw, chopping chips, planning chips, sawdust and similar fuels
DE3126419A1 (en) * 1981-07-04 1983-01-13 Gebrüder Welger GmbH & Co KG, 3340 Wolfenbüttel Furnace installation for straw or similar material

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981003057A1 (en) * 1980-04-16 1981-10-29 J Hellzen Arrangement for firing solid fuels
EP0038962A1 (en) * 1980-04-29 1981-11-04 Siegfried Bieder Apparatus for the combustion of light solid materials by a continuously fed furnace
DE3211249A1 (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-12-02 Trunkenpolz Maschinen GmbH, 4950 Altheim, Oberösterreich Method and device for combustion of straw, chopping chips, planning chips, sawdust and similar fuels
DE3126419A1 (en) * 1981-07-04 1983-01-13 Gebrüder Welger GmbH & Co KG, 3340 Wolfenbüttel Furnace installation for straw or similar material

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671166A1 (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-03 Biomasse Normandie Assoc Rgle Boiler specially designed for burning wood scraps
WO2001025697A1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-12 Maskinfabrikken Reka A/S A boiler with combustion retort
WO2002068865A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-06 Thunstroem Haakan Combustion device
WO2008043920A2 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Entreprise Ronot Cereal burner
FR2907198A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-18 S N E Ronot BURNER WITH CEREALS
WO2008043920A3 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-06-19 Entpr Ronot Cereal burner
CN102269403A (en) * 2011-07-06 2011-12-07 农业部规划设计研究院 Straw fuel suspension combustion furnace
EP2762819A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-08-06 Otto Keiml Burners for solid fuels with rotatable combustion tube
CN103836614A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-06-04 张崇鑫 Biomass burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0114219B1 (en) 1986-12-10
EP0114219A3 (en) 1985-08-28
DE3368319D1 (en) 1987-01-22
ATE24237T1 (en) 1986-12-15

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