Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
  • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
  • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a heating device for buildings, such as houses, appartment buildings or the like, and of the kind comprising a heat pump circuit consisting of a compressor, a condensor and an evaporator.
• the evaporator should operate under such conditions that no ice formation occurs. If the evaporator temperature is allowed to become too low, for instance by the components of the heat pump system not being sufficiently balanced relative to each other a successive lowering of the evaporation temperature may occur resulting in a reduction of capacity at the compressor side.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump which operates as close as possible to the ideal conditions which respect to condensation and evaporation temperatures, whereby it will become profitable also to utilize heat sources which are not completely free of cost and still obtain a good economy of operation. Another object is to provide a heat pump system which does not need defrosting.
• the evaporator is a cooling medium- water- air heat exchanger, where cooling medium coils are surrounded by water in a vessel adapted to take up heat from the surrounding air, that the vessel is connected to the cold water supply of the building, so that cold tap water passes through the vessel, that there is provided, within the evaporation heat exchanger or in connection therewith, a condensor coil of a type known per se and operating as an after-cooler for subcooling the condensate and giving off the excess heat to the water the condensor coil of the after-cooler being dimensioned so as to lower the pre-expansion temperature of the cooling medium to substantially its evaporation temperature after expansion.
• Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a heating device according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a section through a modified embodiment of the heating device according to fig. 1.
• Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the condensor coils of the after- cooler.
• numeral 11 denotes a compressor, numeral 12 a condensor and numeral 13 an evaporator.
• the compressor is connected by means of a conduit 14 to the condensor 12, which in turn by means of a conduit 15 communicates with an after-cooler 16 arranged below the heat exchanger battery 19 comprised of the evaporator 13.
• a conduit 17 extends from the after-cooler 16 to a termostatic expansion valve 32 and from there to a liquid distributer 18, which is connected to the battery 19 of the evaporator 13.
• This battery is designed as a flange battery with parallel coils of tubing 20 which, in the lower portion of the heat exchanger, open into a header tube, from which a conduit 21 extends back to the compressor 11.
• the heat exchanger battery 22 of the condensor 12 and the heat exchanger battery 19 of the evaporator are each provided in a container 23 and 24 respectively the first mentioned container being surrounded by a heat insulation 25, whereas the outer cylindrical wall of the container 24 is designed as a heat collecting surface and may be provided with outer flanges for this purpose.
• the evaporator 13 is in the form of an open cooling medium, water and air heat exchanger, i.e. the coils of tubing 20 take up heat from the water in the container 24, the water in turn taking up heat from the air surrounding the container.
• the water level in the container 24 is regulated by means of an overflow drain 26 which by means of an extension tube 27 extends to the lower part of the container to adjacent its bottom, so that upon refilling the container water will be drained off from the lower part of the container.
• Water may be supplied to the container 24 for instance from the water supply through a conduit 28, via a float valve 29 and a spray head 31 and may be drained off either through said overflow drain 26 or through the conduit 30 in the lower part of the container 24, said conduit supplying cold tap water to the building.
• thermos tat- controlled expansion valve 32 With external pressure equalization.
• the complete heat pump system is placed in a cabinet 33 of a size corresponding to that of a wardrobe.
• the cabinet is divided into two appartments, one containing the externally isolated condensor 12 and a ventilated compartment 32, where the compressor and evaporator are provided.
• the latter compartment 34 is connectable for instance to the exhaust air conduit (not shown) of the building by means of inlet and outlet connection pipes 35 och 36 respectively.
• the hot gas supplied by the compressor 11 has a temperature of between 90-100 o C at its entry into the condensor 12.
• part of this heat will be transferred to the circulating water present in the heat exchanger, said water for instance being included in the radiator circuit, and the condensate will leave the condensor at a temperatur of about 48° C.
• the condensate is supplied to the after-cooler 16 at the bottom of the container 24, where the condensate will give off about 8-10° of its heat content before reaching the expansion valve 32 via the conduit 17.
• the cooling medium passes through the evaporator from the upper end downwardly and is thereafter led back to the compressor 11 by means of the conduit 21.
• the evaporator 13 may take up heat in various ways; either by supplying exhaust air to the space 34 surrounding the evaporator and/or by supplying water from the water supply 28 from a well or from some other water source to the upper portion of the container 24. Due to the tap cold water of the building is passed through the evaporator heat exchanger 13 a certain amount of heat will be supplied to the evaporator and, if this amount should be insufficient, cold water may be sprayed into the container 24 via the float valve, while at the same time the cooled water in the bottom layer of the container is drained off via the overflow drain 26.
• Fig. 2 illustrates a modified embodiment which differs from the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 in that the heating device is a closed system in contrast to the embodiment of fig. 1 which is an open system .
• the same reference numerals have been used for corresponding details in the two embodiments.
• the condensor battery 22 of the condensor 12 is arranged in an inner container 23 which is placed in an outer container 27, so that two independant water heaters are been provided.
• a radiator return water conduit 38 To the lower part of the inner container 23 there is connected a radiator return water conduit 38, and to the upper part of the container there is connected a radiator supply conduit 39.
• the outer container 37 has a cold water inlet 40 in its lower part and a hot water outlet in its upper part. said outlet being connected to the hot tap water conduit 41 of the building.
• thermos tatic controlled three-way valve 43 To the cold water inlet 40 there is connected a check valve 42 and also a thermos tatic controlled three-way valve 43, by means of which either cold water from the cold water conduit 8 of the building or the cold water which has passed through the evaporator heat exchanger 13 and which leaves the same through the conduit 30 may be supplied to the condensor heat exchanger.
• the thermos tatic valve 43 will open the connection to the cold water conduit 28 if the out-flowing cold water from the evaporator heat exchanger 13 should be colder than the incoming cold water in the conduit 28.
• an electric heater 44 which may be switched on for instance if the compressor should be damaged or outer disturbances should occur.
• the condensor coil acting as an after-cooler 16 may be made double, and between the two coils there may be provided a thermostatic-controlled valve which will connect the second consensor coil 16b when the water temperature in the evaporator 13 approaches the freezing point.
• the valve 45 opens at + 1 °C.
• the condensor battery should be designed in such a way, that the condensation takes places very rapidly, which means that the length of tubing of the condensing battery may be kept comparatively short, whereby a rapid turn over of the cooling medium is obtained.
• the volume of water in the evaporator heat exchanger 13 should be as large as possible. It has been shown that the consensor surface of the condensor coil of the after-cooler has to be in a certain relation to the evaporation surface of the evaporator battery 20. and that thesurface of the condensor coil 16 should not be larger than
• the condensor surface of the condensor coil 16 may be slightly larger than the percentages mentioned e.g. when an additional condensor coil 16b is connected in order to prevent ice formation on the evaporator battery 20.
• the capacity of the compressor has to have a certain relation to the size of the condensor and the evaporator. It is rather common that the compressor is dimensioned with a too high capacity whereby the opposite effect is obtained, since the problem of ice formation will be increased.
• an ideal evaporation temperature will be obtained in the evaporation battery 20, which also brings about that the compressor has to work against a largo pressure difference between its pressure and suction sides.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

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• 1983
  • 1983-01-24 EP EP19830900499 patent/EP0112833A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-01-24 WO PCT/SE1983/000018 patent/WO1983002660A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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