EP0111186A2 - Locking system for movable mechanical parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The moveable mechanical closure has no direct mechanical connecting element between lock (20) and operating device (25). The operating device on the outside of the door does not indicate the position of the locks (20) and blocking points (14l...14m...14n). The armour plating of the door is not perforated at critical points by connecting elements. The number of locks (20) and blocking points (14) can be multiplied to form the operating unit. Locks and blocking points can be varied in position from door to door, because they are independent of the position of the connecting elements and operating device. An electronic operating device (45) has storage means (45<III>, 45<IV>) and contains a microprocessor (45'). A keyboard (35) of the operating means for the lock (20) or locks can be arranged remotely from the door (1). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention is in the field of security technology and relates to a locking system for movable mechanical closures, in particular to an arrangement for armored doors with door / frame bolts, locking bars and locking bars which can be locked by the locking mechanism and act on the locking bars.

Movable mechanical closures are devices that temporarily release and temporarily block an opening, such as e.g. B. Doors of all kinds (hinged doors, sliding doors, revolving doors, folding doors, lattice doors, etc.), windows, lids and barriers.

Contrary to the current security requirements for door locks are still some "weak points" inherent in the state of the art. All known means are used to improve such weaknesses in terms of security; these measures are varied and mainly concern armor. A known mechanical vulnerability can be found e.g. B. on the locking rod for bolt actuation. The locking bar connects a bolt or a bolt bar provided with several bolts to the locking point of the lock.

It is therefore obvious to design a locking rod mechanically only for such a task. Wherever large forces can be exerted, for example on the bolts, these are designed to be as oversized as possible for the highest possible security, which also affects the bolt beam in a certain sense. The locking rod or the locking rods, on the other hand, partly already lying in the protective area of an additional armor, are in spite of everything also significantly oversized in order to make cutting through as difficult as possible. At one mechanical point, however, at which the lock mechanism is articulated to the locking bar, is one of the most eminent, the Prior art inherent mechanical weaknesses in terms of security; this is the blocking point. A lock construction, however sophisticated, may appear to have multiple locking points, but each lock reduces security to a single point where the entire locking system can be attacked.

Drilling away the locking point causes the locking rod to be released from the locking mechanism which inhibits the free movement of the bolt; the castle loses its _S chliesswirkung, and the latch bar with the engaging into the frame bars can be moved freely after disengagement. Inevitably, the locking points must be specially protected, for example by covering the lock and locking point by means of particularly hard cover plates which resist drilling, such as, for example, mixing plates of a corundum metal mixture.

The. However, the location of the blocking points must remain secret, despite the protective measures described, since if the location is known, a persistent destruction of the protective means would still lead to success.

However, the location of the blocking points, which should normally be unknown, will be within a range of what is possible, as one knows the location of the lock, and the location of the lock is determined within certain limits by the lock opening device on the outside of the armored door. This narrowing of the possible area of the blocking point locations, together with knowledge of the type of lock - individual types of lock are extremely widespread - is an opening of the security door without a key or code absolutely in the range of what can be done. In addition, the number of locks and therefore also the locking points is very limited, because each lock requires a connecting element that leads directly out through a hole in the armor, and an operating element on the outside that indicates the position of the lock and locking point.

A further vulnerability, which is no less to be rated, is inherent in the lock mechanism itself. The combination locks used in security locks can be determined by a code which can be defined inside the lock in the form of a very specific, predetermined combination of a number of coding disks, i.e. H.

unlock by their position to each other. With the "inner" unlocking, the lock mechanism can be operated and the "outer" unlocking, for example between the door and frame, can be carried out; the security clearance is now open.

If the combination lock is now actuated in the case of a properly locked security lock, for example an armored door, in the sense of decoding the coding disks in any angular position relative to one another, this is nothing more than a targeted arrangement of the positions of all unlocking points on the coding disk. If this ordering is carried out according to the recipe and the lock mechanism can be actuated by "internal" unlocking to open, the order of the coding disks brought about by opening is or is frozen as it were. This state does not simply disappear after the door is closed again, the order must be removed in a very targeted manner, and the expert speaks of code rejection. Discarding the code, which unfortunately often happens in practice, must not be forgotten; because the can ierscheiben _d in parent Ko by means Rie gently open the tightly closed door again.

Correct discarding of the opening code comprises the mixing of the state of each individual and all coding disks, of which a majority, for example three to four in number, can be used. A fleeting discarding can perhaps twist the release groove of a single pane by perhaps only ten degrees, with the effect that the door is probably closed and locked, but can be unlocked and opened again by simple, skillful exploitation of this fact with a small turn of the combination button.

It must be assumed that the persons authorized to open and close the door do not understand the function of the lock and must strictly follow the operating instructions in order to avoid errors. An almost feared measure is the periodic change of the opening code. Despite the most detailed instructions, this procedure always came up. Mistakes before; the most uncomfortable is that a supposedly entered new code locks. unlocked and the door can no longer be opened. The respect for such Incidents mean that the code originally set in the factory is retained for years, regardless of staff fluctuations and the code becoming known to unauthorized persons.

On a locking system, a hard and a soft security aspect are practically equally important. Ultimately, it doesn't matter whether mistakes made to the point of negligence or tougher measures, such as cracking, lead to a break-in.

It is therefore an object of the invention to eliminate the known, in particular the detailed, disadvantages in the prior art by means of a locking system which offers the highest possible level of security.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a locking system which offers a high level of security against serious failures in the permitted use of a locking system and the consequences of which, if they do occur, can be easily neutralized.

It is an object of the invention to achieve an improvement against unauthorized opening by means of "hard" and soft methods and against a safety-threatening behavior. This object is achieved by the invention specified in the patent claims.

• _Fig. ₁, ₁' in prinzipieller Darstellung als Beispiel eine gepanzerte Tür gemäss dem Stand der Technik,
• _Fig. 2, 2' in ebenso prinzipieller Darstellung als Beispiel eine gepanzerte Tür gemäss der Erfindung,
• Fig. 3 ein Beispiel der elektrischen Fernsteuerung des Schlosses der Tür gemäss Figur 2,
• Fig. 4, die elektrische Steuerung gemäss Figur 3 in Zusammenhang mit Details der gepanzerten Türe.

The invention is subsequently explained in detail together with the figures listed below. Show:

• _F ig. ₁ , ₁ 'in basic illustration as an example an armored door according to the prior art,
• _F ig. 2, 2 'in the same basic representation as an example an armored door according to the invention,
• 3 shows an example of the electrical remote control of the lock of the door according to FIG. 2,
• Fig. 4, the electrical control according to Figure 3 in connection with details of the armored door.

According to FIG. 1, the armored door 1 is shown in a front view without the always necessary frame area. On one side, for example, two door hinges of the usual type are indicated as two rectangles 11. On the other side of the door there is also only a simplified drawing showing a number of bolts 12 seated on a locking bar 15. These bars 12 can be moved in translation and can be inserted into corresponding frame recesses and pulled out of them again.

The locking bar 15 can be moved together with the locking bars 12; this movement is transmitted to the locking bar 15 with the aid of a locking drive 30. For the sake of simplicity, the lock mechanism 20, which is already known in any case, is only represented by a dashed square and a circle in it, which circle an operating device 25 is to indicate, for example a number combination button or even simply a keyhole with an associated key.

The locking rod 13 is connected on the one hand at point 13 to the locking bar 15 and articulated on the other side to the locking point 14. The lock Point 14 blocks or releases the locking bar 13 and is advantageously protected behind the armor 22.

This representation, shown in only the essential points, corresponds to the state of the art known today.

FIG. 2 again shows in a very simplified manner an armored door 1 with a locking bar 15 carrying the bolts 12 and two hinges 11, a lock 20, the mechanism of which is connected to the locking beam 15 via a locking rod 13.

According to the invention, one also recognizes blocking point coordinates 14 _l ... 14 ... 14 distributed over large parts of the door area, which of course extend in any order or disorder over the door area. A blocking point coordinate is now selected by means of an optional selection method, in the present case the blocking point coordinate ¹⁴ m, in the area of which the lock 20 is placed.

The functioning of this measure naturally presupposes that there are no longer any direct bushings to the outside of the door for actuating the lock. The lock 20 is therefore operated remotely by electrical means. The door hinges can be used to ensure that cables for the power supply line from the outside to the interior of the door meet the desired security.

The locks 20 shown in FIG. 2 'and arranged at different locations ¹⁴ index, the electrical feed lines 40 which start from these locks and which connect the operating device 25, and also the operating device 25 itself, can also be present several times and not only individually. This means that, for example, the location 14 _m and a further location 14 could be occupied by a lock at the same time, two locking bars 13 also acting on the locking bar at the same time, so that two or even one operating device could be used Alternatively, unlock the two locks and thus release the locking bar to open the door. These possibilities, which are thus significantly expanded, are described below in connection with the third figure.

Figure 3 now shows a schematic representation of the elements that can be used for an electrical remote control of the mechanism for "internal" locking and unlocking. Since the ordering of the code is no longer done mechanically by turning a combination button, but is carried out mechanically decoupled, there is no longer any need to store the code in the lock mechanism itself, to store it mechanically, and on the other hand if electronic storage means are already provided storing the opening code in it is advantageous to use the uP solution. A typical schematic representation of a microprocessor with typical wiring can be seen on the right in FIG it remains open whether, for example, the program memory is used or whether an operating program is implemented in terms of hardware using a simple logic network. The data memory is used, for example, to record the opening or closing code and other data, the use of which increases security.

An input / output circuit finally connects the processor to the periphery, which now includes one or more mechanical terminations. The armored door according to FIG. 2 is shown again in this example. Through a door hinge 11, the electrical leads lead to the lock 20, in the interior of which a motor-operated mechanism for "internal" unlocking is activated. If the lock 20 is then, as it were, open, the "outer" lock formed by the bolt 12 with the door frame can be released with the aid of a bolt drive 30. The door is also open. For example, an input keypad 35 can be used to enter the opening code. For example, status messages, memory contents, etc. would be displayed on a display 34 as usual.

• Der Kassier möchte die Sicherheitstür öffnen und-tippt in-ein.Keyboard in Türnähe seinen ihm bekannten Code ein; das Schloss wird aber erst dann entriegelt, wenn beispielsweise der zu diesem Zweck avisierte Direktor auf einem Keyboard in seinem Büro den ihm, und nur dem Direktor selbst,bekannten Code eintippt. Erst das Zusammenwirken beider Codes entriegelt das Schloss; der Kassier kann mittels Riegelantrieb 30 die Tür vollends öffnen.

According to FIG. 1, an operating device is indicated by reference number 25. According to FIG. 1, as already mentioned, this is, for example, a number combination button or a keyhole with the associated key. In FIG. 2, the operating device is, for example, a keyboard 35, preferably located outside the door area, the electrical circuit parts 45 ′, 45 ″ .... required for the lock actuation being located on the protected side of the door. In FIG. 3, the entire actuation device 45 comprises the processor with memory and peripheral interface as well as a keyboard 35. One or more keyboards can be placed on the door, in the immediate vicinity and / or far away from the door. In this way, an approval hierarchy can be established, for example as follows:

• The cashier wants to open the security door and types in the key that he knows; However, the lock is only unlocked when, for example, the director advised for this purpose types in the code known to him and only to the director himself on a keyboard in his office. Only the interaction of both codes unlocks the lock; the cashier can fully open the door by means of bolt drive 30.

For example, it would be completely impossible to force access to the cashier who, in this situation, releases the code known to him. For example, the director, blackmailed via cashier but not visible, may also reveal his code for the physical security of his cashier, but at the same time actuates locking and alarm devices and advises the police.

FIG. 4 now shows an embodiment according to the general wiring in FIG. 3, in which the microprocessor with the memory for the application program and the memory for the key data and the I / O network are arranged within the door area 1, that is to say within the security zone is. From the I / O circuit leads lead through the hinge 11 to a keyboard 35 lying outside the door area, which keyboard is connected through the leads 40 to the electronics in the door area. An electrical supply line 50 leads from the I / O network to the lock actuation and converts electrical values into a mechanical drive. This lock actuation can be, for example, a motor for a rotary solution or a magnet for a translatory solution. This special effect of converting an electrical into a mechanical value via the lock actuation was represented by an electrical supply line 50 for the lock actuation and a mechanical connection of the lock actuation to the lock with the reference number 50 '. 50 'thus provides a mechanical connection is with the lock 20 via which the lock can be opened to the hinged on the locking point 14 locking rod 13 iegelbalken with the _R to actuate 15th Am _R iegelbalken 15, the bolt 12 are located, which then in turn with the door frame are engaged. The operating procedure for actuating the door is stored in the memory for the user program, the memory for the key data then contains all the user-specific security data that are necessary for the electronic management of the security locks. The traffic with such data then takes place via the keyboard 35 located outside the door area.

Within the operating procedure, the electrical operating variables are generated for the lock actuation. The operating procedure is designed in such a way that only dynamic processes of a predetermined specificity have an effect. Static states should have no effect on the lock actuation. For this purpose, AC motors, for example, which are controlled with these operating variables, are used as the lock actuation. The control is designed for frequency-dependent operation, for example, so that the torque band of the motor can be used specifically in this solution. It should therefore not be possible, as is the case, for example, in the case of a DC motor, that a voltage level of the same polarity which persists over a long period of time could activate the lock actuation. This is no longer the case with frequency-dependent operation, and, as has already been mentioned before, only dynamic electrical variables that correspond to the predetermined parameters can cause a door opening. Any other condition keeps the mechanical closure closed for safety reasons.

• 1. Aufbereiten einer Betriebsfrequenz
• 2. Empfang einer Statusmeldung der Schlossposition
• 3. Entscheidung durch das Programm, ob geöffnet oder nicht geöffnet werden soll
• 4. Statusmeldung beispielsweise innerhalb eines Zeitfensters, ob das Schloss OFFEN bzw. nicht ZU ist; wird diese Bedingung nicht erfüllt, erfolgt eine FehlerMeldung
• 5. Rückstellung von Schloss und Elektronik in einen Initialisierzustand

The main steps of the operating procedure are as follows:

• 1. Preparation of an operating frequency
• 2. Receive a status message of the lock position
• 3. The program decides whether to open or not
• 4. Status message, for example within a time window, whether the lock is OPEN or not CLOSED; If this condition is not met, an error message is issued
• 5. Reset of lock and electronics to an initialization state

• R = Riegelposition bspw. Türriegel 12
• = Türstellung bspw. Türstellungswinkel
• 0 = Riegel offen
• 0 = Türe offen bspw. ∢ α gross
• a.) Der Zustand a) bedeutet, dass die Türe geschlossen ist und die Riegel vorgeschoben sind. Dieser Zustand entspricht auch elektronisch einem Neutralzustand bzw. einer Fixfunktion. Wird dieser Zustand vom geöffneten Schliessystem her gesehen erreicht, so bedeutet dies, dass der Vorgang des Verschliessens nun abgeschlossen ist.
• b.) Ist die Türe schon geschlossen, das heisst in ihren Schliesszustand geschwenkt - der Türstellungssensor meldet eine geschlossene Türe - jedoch der Riegel noch offen, das heisst noch nicht vorgeschoben, so kann diese Türe natürlich ohne weiteres wieder geöffnet werden. Dieser Zustand der wohl geschlossenen, aber nicht verschlossenen Panzertüre wird oft übersehen, und es kommt vor, dass der Sicherheitsabschluss in diesem Zustand belassen wird. Beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren meldet sich der Microprozessor innerhalb eines Zeitfensters und zeigt diesen anomalen Zustand an.
• c.) Der Zustand, dass bei geöffnetem Türflügel die Riegel vorgeschoben sind, soll vorzugsweise verhindert werden. Dies ist mit dem geeigneten Anwenderprogramm ohne weiteres möglich, indem ähnlich wie beim Zustand b) innerhalb eines Zeitfensters ein anomaler Zustand durch den Microprozessor gemeldet wird. Vorteilhafter ist es jedoch schaltungstechnisch, diesen Zustand überhaupt nicht aufkommen zu lassen.
• d.) Aehnlich wie beim Zustand a) ist auch dieser Zustand ein zu erreichendes Ziel; nämlich die Riegelposition geöffnet und die Türstellung ebenfalls offen ist genau die Bedingung, die gefordert werden muss, um in einen Sicherheitsraum hineinzukommen. Geschieht dies bspw. ausserhalb eines vorgegebenen Zeitfensters, in diesem Fall die Arbeitszeit des Kassiers, so schaltet der Microprozessor in einen Alarmzustand. Damit soll verhindert werden, dass das Sicherheitssystem ausserhalb von vorgegebenen Zeiten,die unter Umständen auch wechseln können, auch durch dazu befugte Personen geöffnet wird.Der Zustand d), also Riegel offen und Türe ausgeschwenkt, ist der Zustand, in dem das ganze System programmierbar ist. Irgendwelche Bedienungsfehler bei geöffnetem Schliessystem haben zumindestens den Vorteil, dass der Zugang zum Sicherheitsraum noch offen ist während der Zeit, in der der Fehler behoben wird. Die Möglichkeit, in diesem Zustand das Sicherheitssystem neu zu programmieren, ist gleichsam ein scharfer Zustand, bei dem wohl Fehlbedienungen möglich sind, jedoch nicht so, dass nach einer Fehlbedienung der Zutritt zum Sicherheitsraum verwehrt würde.

To monitor the armored door, the posi. tion of the bolt and on the other hand the position of the door leaf determined. This information can be determined, for example, via microswitch positions; the position detection of the door leaf is preferably carried out using the means specified in Swiss Patent No. 629 565. The truth table shown below shows the main states of the locking system:

• R = bolt position e.g. door bolt 12
• = Door position e.g. door position angle
• 0 = bolt open
• 0 = door open e.g. ∢ α large
• a.) Condition a) means that the door is closed and the bolts are pushed forward. This state also corresponds electronically to a neutral state or a fixed function. If this state is seen from the open locking system, this means that the closing process is now complete.
• b.) If the door is already closed, that is to say pivoted into its closed state - the door position sensor signals that the door is closed - but the bolt is still open, i.e. not yet pushed forward, this door can of course be opened again easily. This state of the closed but not locked armored door is often overlooked, and it can happen that the security lock is left in this state. At the According to the method according to the invention, the microprocessor reports within a time window and displays this abnormal state.
• c.) The condition that the bolts are pushed forward when the door leaf is open should preferably be prevented. This is easily possible with the appropriate user program by reporting an anomalous state by the microprocessor within a time window, similar to state b). In terms of circuitry, however, it is more advantageous not to let this state arise at all.
• d.) Similar to state a), this state is also a goal to be achieved; namely the bolt position opened and the door position also open is exactly the condition that must be required in order to enter a security room. If this happens, for example, outside a predetermined time window, in this case the working time of the cashier, the microprocessor switches to an alarm state. This is to prevent the security system from being opened by authorized persons outside of specified times, which can also change under certain circumstances. State d), i.e. the bolt is open and the door swung out, is the state in which the entire system can be programmed is. Any operating errors with the locking system open have at least the advantage that access to the security room is still open while the error is being remedied. The possibility of reprogramming the safety system in this state, is a sharp state, as it were, in which incorrect operation is possible, but not in such a way that access to the security room would be denied after incorrect operation.

• Es ist möglich, nach dem Zutritt in die Sicherheitszone und dem Schliessen der Tür und anschliessender Verriegelung der Tür - nicht des Schlosses! - den Code automatisch zu verwerfen. Eine, wie eingangs geschilderte Fehlleistung oder gar ein Vergessen ist nicht mehr möglich.bzw. hat keine negativen Folgen.

The electronic management of security closures, as previously described, has the following advantages:

• It is possible, after entering the security zone and closing the door and then locking the door - not the lock! - automatically discard the code. A faulty performance, as described at the beginning, or even forgetting is no longer possible. has no negative consequences.

The setting of new codes, that is also the periodic changeover, is greatly simplified by a redundancy provided. An incorrect code is simply eliminated by the new entry. This is not the case with mechanical locks. When entering an incorrect code, the lock must be brought into neutral by a specialist in order to be able to finally enter the new, correct code.

The lock is locked automatically, whereby an automatic closing of the door can also be included.

The redundancy for security can be increased quickly and easily, for example by assigning a third, fourth, etc. code, which is not possible with the mechanical coding lock.

The intelligence involved allows a number of variants without a mandatory measure to change the locking system.

It does not have to be described again in detail how confusing it is with a reinforced door according to the invention to deactivate a locking point; firstly, the location of the castle is unknown and can no longer be derived from external characteristics; secondly, the number of locks and locking points can be multiplied, without additional holes through the armor and without additional connecting elements to the outside.

A blocking point to be put out of action is always behind protective armor layers, in the area of which the lock is also located, without the blocking point area being able to be estimated, as in the known prior art.

The risk of a successful break-in is reduced many times over if several locks are arranged arbitrarily, the position of which cannot be determined from the outside and is arranged differently from case to case.

Claims (9)

1. Locking system for movable mechanical locks, consisting of at least one lock arranged on the inside of the locks with electrically or mechanically controlled release and blocking of the lock, an operating device arranged on the outside of the locks and at least one connecting element between the operating device and lock, characterized in that that the operating device (25) arranged on the outside, regardless of the position (14) of the lock (20), is mounted anywhere outside the door area, so that the position of the lock is not displayed, and that one operating device also a plurality of Locks is assigned .. 2. Locking system according to claim 1, characterized in that connecting elements (40) between the operating device and lock (20) are arranged several times in parallel for reasons of functional reliability for mutual use and triggering a signal in the event of a defect, the connecting elements connected in parallel ( 40) and their assigned locks, which are not affected by the defect, fully perform the desired functions. 3. Locking system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the actuation by means of electronic control elements with memory for storing at least one lock permutation and a time function. 4. Locking system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after the Schliessen.der the closings and the bolt the locks are automatically closed. 5. Locking system according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the locks can easily be changed to new permutations via the operating device, so that the locks on the inside do not have to be accessible for this process. 6. Locking system according to claim 3, characterized in that the electronic control elements are connected to a means (55) for actuating the lock, which means translates the electronically processed values into mechanical action. 7. Locking system according to claim 4, characterized in that the means (55) for actuating the lock is an AC or pulsating DC motor. 8. A method for operating the locking system according to claim 1, characterized by the following method steps: - Generation of electrical operating quantities for the lock operating means - Measurement of the signals generated by the door and bolt position - Decision to apply the electrical operating parameters to the lock actuating device open / close - Apply the electrical operating parameters to the lock actuation means. ₉ . A method according to claim 8, characterized by the use of time windows within which the electrical operating variables act for the lock actuation means.

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