EP0110874B1

EP0110874B1 - Improved method for erecting reinforced concrete building structures

Info

Publication number: EP0110874B1
Application number: EP19820901611
Authority: EP
Inventors: Imre Szombathelyi
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-05-24
Filing date: 1982-05-24
Publication date: 1986-09-03
Also published as: DE3273003D1; EP0110874A1; EP0110874A4; WO1983002298A1

Abstract

When implementing the method, first a rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork for at least a part of the building structure to be erected is formed by rigidly connecting raster-shaped planar and/or spatial steel rod nettings (2, 3) cut to size from pre-fabricated panelled rod mesh (1). Following this, pre-fabricated surface panels (4) of hygroscopic, porous material are arranged and secured to the reinforcement meshwork. Prior to this, preferably fixtures, fillings and installations of the building structure may be arranged with the meshwork. Finally, to form the desired reinforced concrete building structure by simultaneously utilizing the surface panels (4) as remaining formwork, cast concrete (9) is filled into the space of the reinforcement meshwork enclosed by or adjacent to the inner surfaces of the surface panels (4). Thus, the erection of building structures can be performed without any temporary support means or formwork.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to an improved method for erecting reinforced concrete building structures having pre-fabricated surface panels of hygroscopic, porous and capillaric material and further having a reinforcing steel rod meshwork. The surface panels and the reinforcing meshwork are interfused by cast concrete so as to form a substantially monolithic bearing structure for the building to be erected.

Background art

In the field of the highly industrialized mass- building trade there is a clear tendency towards project realizations by applying a minimum assortment of pre-fabricated elements that are suitable for providing a large variety of project designs and constructions. The elements applied should be easy to manufacture, to handle, to transport and to store, and they should be suitable for rapid on-the-spot assembling without using any special machinery or equipment.
One method for meeting the above outlined demand, i.e. for at least partial realization of the design work, manufacturing and assembling tasks of the mass-erection of building structures is known as a non-tectonic open structure erection system of silicatebasis. This term practically covers that pre-fabricated structural elements manufactured industrially in large series do determine strictly neither the ground plan nor the function and appearance of the buildings to be erected. Thus, design work of such buildings is not entirely bound to the shape and size of pre-fabricated elements applied. According to the basic idea of this known method the building structures to be established are dissolved into modules which are further dissolved into submodular component parts in a manner that all main size dimensions of the modules are generated by using a basic modular length unit while all size dimensions of the submodular component parts are characterized by a geometric submodular length size unit. Thus, a dual reference system between surface panels applied and between submodolar mesh elements used is provided, including adjustable machinery or equipment for the manufacture of said elements. When erecting the building structure by applying this known method, first the covering outer surface elements of the final bearing structure-by using temporary support means- are arranged by vertically and horizontally joining of porous, capillaric surface panels duly pre- fabricated in modular sizes from plaster or from any other preferably gypsum-based material. Following this, the steel rod reinforcement netting of the bearing structure is assembled and put to place. By filling in cast concrete and by simultaneous eliminating hydrostatic pressure through capillaric absorbtion the porous, capillaric surface panels and the reinforcement are interfused so as to form a substantially monolithic bearing structure, and finally, after setting of the filled-in concrete as final step of building erection the temporary support means is removed.
By application of the above known method the advantage of the realization possibility of a large number of design varieties by means of a minimum as.sortement of pre-fabricated elements used is achieved. However, for the on-the-spot assembling work a temporary support means is needed whereby the input demand for assembly and the costs for erection work are increased.

Disclosure of invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel improved method for erecting reinforced concrete building structures the method providing an easier temporary fixing and support of the vertically and/or horizontally arranged surface panels and other structure elements, and resulting in a rapid and more economic on-the-spot assembly of the structure elements without any temporary support means.
According to the present invention the above and other objects are achieved by application of an improved method for erecting reinforced concrete building structures, said method comprising the steps of forming first a substantially self-supporting rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork for at least a part of the building structure to be erected by rigidly coupling raster-shaped, substantially planar and/or spatial steel rod nettings cut to size from pre-fabricated panelled rod mesh. Following this, prefabricated surface panels of hygroscopic, porous and capillaric material are secured to the rigid spacial reinforcement meshwork. The surface panels have a substantially even, smooth outer surface and a raster-shaped mesh-grooved inner surface. The spacing distances of the raster of the mesh-grooves in the inner surface of the panels are substantially identical with that of the steel rod nettings of the rigid reinforcement meshwork. Thus, the mesh-grooves of the surface panels are capable of at least partially embedding the reinforcement meshwork which they are secured to whereby the reinforcement meshwork serves simultaneously as supporting structure for the surface panels. The space of the reinforcement meshwork enclosed by or adjacent to the inner surfaces of the panels is filled in with cast concrete forming thereby the desired reinforced concrete building structure by simultaneously utilizing the surface panels as remaining formwork for said structure.
Prior to securing the pre-fabricated surface panels of hygroscopic material to the rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork, preferably all or at least some of the structural members or at least fixtures, fittings or casings for such members and/or building installations like pipes, power cables and the like may also be fixed to the rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork while it is formed for at least a part of the building structure to be erected. In preferred modes of carrying out the invention the surface panels are pre- fabricated by form-pressing of a mixture of swollen pearlite with a suitable binder added.
With the improved method for erecting reinforced concrete building structures the improvement lies in that-against all known methods-first the reinforcement meshwork for the bearing structure of the building is at least partially formed. For the reinforcement meshwork in all cases raster-shaped steel rod nettings are used the raster spacing distances of which are integer parts of the modular length unit of the system. When forming the rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork, planar and/or spatial steel rod nettings are rigidly coupled by means of welding, of screwing or of wireing whereby a substantially self-supporting spatial reinforcement mesh-work capable of load bearing to a certain desired degree is established. While forming said reinforcement meshwork, preferably installations like power supply cables, pipes and the like may also be secured to it. To the finished reinforcement meshwork covering surface panels that will simultaneously serve as remaining formwork for the cast concrete to be filled in later are secured by welding, screwing or wireing, or in preferred embodiments by suitable bending of projecting steel pins embedded into said surface panels during their pre-fabrication. Finally, the hollow space of the reinforcement meshwork enclosed by or adjacent to the inner surfaces of the panels is filled in with cast concrete and through setting the latter in a known manner a reinforced load bearing contexture is established. The main advantage of the method invented lies in that for erecting building structures no additional temporary support means are necessary whereby investment costs are considerably reduced and a rapid, easy on-the-pot assembling is provided for.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will now be more particularly described showing by way of example, only preferred modes of carrying out the same. For that purpose, reference is made to the attached drawing figures. In the drawings show

Fig. 1 a perspective view of a substantially planar pre-fabricated steel rod netting applicable for carrying out the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2 a perspective view of a spacial steel rod netting for vertical structural parts of the self-supporting rigid reinforcement meshwork to be formed according to the invention,
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a spacial steel rod netting applicable for horizontal structural parts of the rigid reinforcement meshwork to be formed,
Fig. 4 a perspective view of a surface panel suitable for carrying out the invented improved method,
Fig. 5 an elevational perspective view of a rigid reinforcement meshwork formed for a part of the building structure to be established in accordance with the invention,
Fig. 6 a possible arrangement of the surface panels with respect to the reinforcement meshwork for vertically extending structural parts of the building structure,
Fig. 7 an arrangement of a surface panel with respect of the self-supporting reinforcement meshwork for horizontally extending structural parts, i.e. for floor parts of a building structure,
Fig. 8 a fragmentary view of a horizontal cross-section through a vertically extending structural part of the building structure already completed by filled-in cast concrete, and
Fig. 9 a fragmentary view of a vertical plane cross-section of a part of the building structure erected by using the method according to the invention, completed by filled-in cast concrete.

Modes for carrying out the invention

When implementing the method according to the invention, first, spatial steel rod nettings 2 for vertically extending structural parts and spatial steel rod nettings 3 for horizontally extending structural parts of the building structure to be erected are made by inserting suitable distance members between pairs of cut to size raster-shaped rod mesh panels 1 having a raster with spacing distances derived from the modular length size unit of the system and pre-fabricated industrially in large series preferably by welding of reinforcing steel rods of a diameter suitable to meet the static load requirement of the structure to be erected.
During construction, in distances that are identical with that of the raster spacings of the spatial rod nettings 2 for reinforcing the vertically extending structural parts of the building structure, projecting steel pins are inserted and embedded into the (not shown) building foundation. When erecting the structure, first cut to size rod mesh panels 1 and/or spatial rod nettings 2 serving for necessary reinforcement of the vertically extending structural parts of the building structure are fixed to the projecting ends of said steel pins, preferably by welding. While arranging the spatial nettings 2 next to each other, casings 7 for wall openings (or for any other fittings, fixtures, etc.) are also inserted and rigidly fixed to the rod mesh panels 1 and/or to the nettings 2. Said mesh panels 1 and/or nettings 2 should be rigidly connected to each other preferably by welding, though any other suitable fixing mode, e.g. wireing, etc. may be applied for fixing. After having arranged the rod mesh panels 1 and/or spatial nettings 2 forming thus the vertically extending structural parts of the reinforcement meshwork of the building part to be erected, spatial rod nettings 3 for reinforcing the horizontally extending structural parts of the building structure are inserted and fixed to the nettings 2. Thus, a rigid, self-supporting spatial reinforcement structure is created which is not only suitable for holding and supporting of surface panels 4 (to be dealt with later), covering preferably both the inner and the external wall surfaces of the structure but the rigid meshwork can be utilized simultaneously as grading means for the proper arrangement of said surface panels 4. Installations like power cables 8 of the building are preferably arranged within and secured to the rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork.
Having completed the rigid reinforcement meshwork for at least a part of the building structure to be erected, construction work is continued by arranging and fixing the surface panels 4 next to each other to said meshwork whereby both an external outer wall cover and an inner wall cover are established. The preferably heat-insulated surface panels 4 are made of highly hygroscopic, porous material so as to ensure a proper concrete setting later, and they have a substantially even, smooth outer surface, while on their other, inner surface facing the reinforcement meshwork there are raster-shaped mesh-grooves 5 capable of embedding the reinforcement meshwork since the spacing distances of the mesh-grooves 5 are substantially identical with those of the rod mesh panels 1 and nettings 2 and 3 forming the reinforcement meshwork. Said spacing distances are equally derived from the modular length size unit of the system applied.
Differing from any other types of known covering panels, in the surface panels 4 steel pins 6 projecting towards the reinforcement meshwork when arranged on it are embedded. After proper arranging the surface panels 4 by using the reinforcement meshwork as grading means for this purpose, the panels 4 are rigidly fixed to the meshwork by connecting the steel pins 6 to the rods of the nettings 2 and 3 respectively by means of welding, wireing, by bending the pins 6 around said rods, or in any other suitable manner. Having the desired number of surface panels 4 arranged and secured properly to the reinforcement meshwork, thin-liquid concrete 9 is poured or pumped into the space formed by the mesh-grooves 5 of the surface panels 4 substantially embedding the reinforcement meshwork.
For making the horizontally extending structural parts the surface panels 4 secured to the nettings 3 act as formwork for the concrete to be filled in. In that case it is sufficient to have surface panels 4 secured to the bottom of nettings 3 only. The thickness of the concrete layer is determined by load calculation.
Proper setting of the filled-in thin-liquid concrete 9 is advanced by the hygroscopic, porous panel material supplying water to the concrete from its capillaries continuously in the required amount, while setting. With the concrete set properly a substantially monolithic mesh-reinforced contexture providing the necessary loadability of the building structure is achieved. The surface panels 4 provide as remaining formwork for the external and the inner wall surfaces of the building including ceiling surfaces too. These surfaces are substantially even and smooth with little finishing work required. However, the external building wall surfaces may freely be plastered and/or coloured in order to improve their quality and appearance, if required.

Claims

1. An improved method for erecting reinforced concrete building structures having prefabricated surface panels (4) of hygroscopic, porous and capillaric material and further having a reinforcing steel rod meshwork, said surface panels and said reinforcing meshwork being interfused by using cast concrete (9) so as to form a substantially monolithic bearing structure, the improved method being characterized in the steps of forming first a substantially self-supporting, rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork for at least a part of the building structure to be erected by rigidly coupling raster-shaped, substantially planar and/or spatial steel rod nettings (2, 3) cut to size from pre-fabricated panelled rod mesh (1), of securing pre-fabricated surface panels (4) of hygroscopic, porous and capillaric material to said rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork, said surface panels being optionally but not necessarily heat insulated and the surface panels having a substantially even, smooth outer surface and a raster-shaped mesh-grooved inner surface the spacing distance of the raster of its mesh-grooves (5) being substantially identical with that of the steel rod nettings (2, 3) of the rigid reinforcement meshwork, said mesh-grooves (5) of the surface panels (4) thus being capable of at least partially embedding the reinforcement meshwork that serves simultaneously as supporting structure for said surface panels, and of filling in cast concrete (9) into the space of the reinforcement meshwork enclosed by or adjacent to the inner surface of the surface panels (4) so as to form the desired reinforced concrete building structure by simultaneously utilizing said surface panels as remaining formwork for said structure.

2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 characterized in fixing structural members or at least fixtures, fittings or casings (7) for such members and/or building installations like pipes, power cables (8) and the like to the rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork while it is formed for at least a part of the building structure to be erected prior to securing said pre-fabricated surface panels of hygroscopic material to said rigid spatial reinforcement meshwork.

3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 characterized in pre-fabricating the surface panels (4) by form-pressing of a mixture of swollen pearlite with a suitable binder added.