EP0110783B1 - Projectile for firearms - Google Patents

Projectile for firearms Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110783B1
EP0110783B1 EP83402271A EP83402271A EP0110783B1 EP 0110783 B1 EP0110783 B1 EP 0110783B1 EP 83402271 A EP83402271 A EP 83402271A EP 83402271 A EP83402271 A EP 83402271A EP 0110783 B1 EP0110783 B1 EP 0110783B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
angle
front part
bulge
projectile according
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Expired
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EP83402271A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0110783A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Léon Arthur Ladriere
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/025—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile characterised by the dimension of the case or the missile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to projectiles intended to be fired by a firearm, comprising a rear part whose diameter determines the caliber of the projectile, and a front part of generally conical shape and ending in a front point.
  • patent FR 393 079 describes a projectile having a front point of conical shape which gives it no particular impact effect; similarly, patent FR 512 809 describes a projectile having a front point of ogival shape with convex curvature which gives it no particular impact effect.
  • GB patent 1,524,743 relates to a compressed air projectile intended to be fired at a target, the front part of this projectile is either conical (FIG. 1) or flat (FIG. 5) and in any case its role is not not to provide a shock effect.
  • the projectile has increased impact effects compared to conventional projectiles due to the fact that it comprises a front part of generally conical shape and ending in a front point, this front part having a hollow zone before connecting to the front point, and that it is characterized in that the aforesaid front part also has a rear hollow zone connecting to the rear part and at least one bulging zone connecting to the rear hollow zone and to the front recessed area.
  • This arrangement makes possible, upon penetration, a first impact effect produced by the bulging zone, and a second impact effect produced by the rear hollow zone at its connection with the rear part of the projectile.
  • the bulging zone located between the two hollow zones, facilitates the use of ammunition equipped with such a projectile in an automatic, semi-automatic or repeating weapon; in fact the aforementioned bulging zone facilitates the introduction of the ammunition into the chamber of the weapon, by cooperating with the ramp leading to said chamber.
  • the rear part comprises a succession of bulges separated by hollows, the diameter of the rear part at the level of these bulges determining the caliber of the projectile.
  • the radii of curvature of the hollow areas of the front part are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature of the bulging zone of said front part; the above radii of curvature may have a value equal to one third of the length of the front part.
  • the radii of curvature of bulge of the rear part are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature of the hollows of said rear part; the above radii of curvature may have a value equal to one third of the length of the rear part.
  • a recess is formed in the rear part of the projectile and extends as far as its front part.
  • This projectile comprises a rear part N 1 , the diameter of which determines the caliber of the projectile, and a front part N 2 , of general conical shape and ending in a front point A.
  • the front part N 2 has, between the front point A and the rear part N 1 , a front hollow zone Z 17 connecting to the front point A, a rear hollow zone Z 7 connecting to the rear part N 1 , these two recessed zones Z 17 and Z 7 being connected by an intermediate zone constituted by at least one bulging zone Zg.
  • connection of this bulging zone Zg with the rear hollow zone Z 7 can be located at two thirds of the length LN 2 of the front part N 2 , starting from the end of the front point A.
  • the rear part N 1 may comprise a succession of bulges P 3 , P 2 separated by recesses P 1 , the diameter of the rear part Ni, at the level of these bulges P 3 , P 2 , determining the caliber of the projectile.
  • the radii of curvature R 17 , R 7 of the hollow zones Z 17 , Z 7 of the front part N 2 are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature Rg of the bulging zone Zg of said front part N 2 ; these radii of curvature R 17 , R 7 , Rg have a value which is equal to one third of the length LN 2 of the front part N 2 .
  • the radii of curvature R 3 , R 2 of the bulges P 3 , P 2 of the rear part Ni are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature R, of the hollow P l of said rear part Ni; these radii of curvature R 3 , R 2 , R, have a value which is equal to one third of the length LN, of the rear part N 1 .
  • a recess 2 is formed in the rear part N, and extends as far as the front part N 2 .
  • This recess 2 is formed by a rear truncated cone 2a of angle a 3 , by an intermediate truncated cone 2 b of angle a 4 , and by a front cone 2 c of angle ⁇ 5 , the tip 2 d of this cone before 2 2 being located in the front part N 2 , approximately at the level of its bulging zone Zg.
  • the angle a 3 is greater than the angle ⁇ 4 .
  • the angle ⁇ 5 is less than the angle a 3 and is greater than the angle a 4 .
  • the front point A of the front part N 2 may have a flat face PA, or a pointed or rounded end.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR83/00227 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 20, 1984 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 20, 1984 PCT Filed Nov. 24, 1983 PCT Pub. No. WO84/02182 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 7, 1984.A projectile intended to be fired by a firearm comprising a rear portion of general cylindrical configuration whose diameter determines the gauge of the projectile and a front portion of general conical configuration ending in a front point. The front portion has, between the front point and the rear portion, a curved front hollow zone joined to the front point, a curved rear hollow zone connected to the rear portion, these two hollow zones being joined together by at least one curved bulge zone.

Description

L'invention est relative aux projectiles destinés à être tirés par une arme à feu, comportant une partie arrière dont le diamètre détermine le calibre du projectile, et une partie avant d'allure générale conique et se terminant par une pointe avant.The invention relates to projectiles intended to be fired by a firearm, comprising a rear part whose diameter determines the caliber of the projectile, and a front part of generally conical shape and ending in a front point.

Les projectiles de ce type connus à ce jour présentaient une partie avant d'allure générale conique et de forme simple qui pouvait être conique, ogivale à courbure convexe, ou ogivale à courbure concave. Les effets de choc à la pénétration d'un tel projectile étaient limités, ce qui restreignait la puissance d'arrêt du projectile.Projectiles of this type known to date had a generally conical front portion of simple shape which could be conical, ogival with convex curvature, or ogival with concave curvature. The impact effects of the penetration of such a projectile were limited, which limited the stopping power of the projectile.

C'est ainsi que le brevet FR 393 079 décrit un projectile présentant une pointe avant de forme conique qui ne lui confère aucun effet de choc particulier; de même le brevet FR 512 809 décrit un projectile présentant une pointe avant de forme ogivale à courbure convexe que ne lui confère aucun effet de choc particulier.This is how patent FR 393 079 describes a projectile having a front point of conical shape which gives it no particular impact effect; similarly, patent FR 512 809 describes a projectile having a front point of ogival shape with convex curvature which gives it no particular impact effect.

Le brevet GB 1 524 743 est relatif à un projectile à air comprimé destiné à être tiré sur un cible, la partie avant de ce projectile est soit conique (figure 1) soit plate (figure 5) et de toute façon son rôle n'est pas de procurer un effet de choc.GB patent 1,524,743 relates to a compressed air projectile intended to be fired at a target, the front part of this projectile is either conical (FIG. 1) or flat (FIG. 5) and in any case its role is not not to provide a shock effect.

Quant au brevete GB 2236 A.D. 1911 il décrit un projectile du type défini dans le préambule de la revendication 1 et présentant une pointe avant dont une partie est de forme ogivale à courbure concave; plus précisément cette partie avant présente, vers la pointe avant, une zone en creux avant se raccordant à cette pointe avant. Cette forme effilée de la partie avant ne confère au projectile aucune-propriété particulière en ce qui concerne son effet de choc; au contraire cette forme effilée à courbure concave semblerait diminuer l'effet de choc par rapport à un projectile dont la partie avant présenterait une forme ogivale à courbure convexe comme celui montré dans le brevet FR 512 809.As for the patent GB 2236 A.D. 1911 it describes a projectile of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1 and having a front point of which a part is of ogival shape with concave curvature; more precisely, this front part has, towards the front point, a front hollow zone connecting to this front point. This tapered shape of the front part does not give the projectile any particular property as regards its impact effect; on the contrary, this tapered shape with concave curvature would seem to reduce the impact effect compared to a projectile, the front part of which would have an ogival shape with convex curvature like that shown in patent FR 512 809.

Selon l'invention, le projectile présente des effets de choc augmentés par rapport aux projectiles classiques grâce au fait qu'il comporte une partie avant d'allure générale conique et se terminant par une pointe avant, cette partie avant présentant une zone en creux avant se raccordant à la pointe avant, et qu'il est caractérisé par le fait que la susdite partie avant présente en outre une zone en creux arrière se raccordant à la partie arrière et au moins une zone en renflement se raccordant à la zone en creux arrière et à la zone en creux avant.According to the invention, the projectile has increased impact effects compared to conventional projectiles due to the fact that it comprises a front part of generally conical shape and ending in a front point, this front part having a hollow zone before connecting to the front point, and that it is characterized in that the aforesaid front part also has a rear hollow zone connecting to the rear part and at least one bulging zone connecting to the rear hollow zone and to the front recessed area.

Cette disposition rend possible, à la pénétration, un premier effet de choc produit parla zone en renflement, et un second effet de choc produit par la zone en creux arrière au niveau de son raccordement avec la partie arrière du projectile.This arrangement makes possible, upon penetration, a first impact effect produced by the bulging zone, and a second impact effect produced by the rear hollow zone at its connection with the rear part of the projectile.

Par ailleurs, la zone en renflement, située entre les deux zones en creux, facilite l'utilisation d'une munition équipée d'un tel projectile dans une arme automatique, semi-automatique ou à répétition; en effet la susdite zone en renflement facilite l'introduction de la munition dans la chambre de l'arme, en coopérant avec la rampe d'accès à ladite chambre.Furthermore, the bulging zone, located between the two hollow zones, facilitates the use of ammunition equipped with such a projectile in an automatic, semi-automatic or repeating weapon; in fact the aforementioned bulging zone facilitates the introduction of the ammunition into the chamber of the weapon, by cooperating with the ramp leading to said chamber.

Avantageusement, la partie arrière comporte une succession de renflements séparés par des creux, le diamètre de la partie arrière au niveau de ces renflements déterminant le calibre du projectile.Advantageously, the rear part comprises a succession of bulges separated by hollows, the diameter of the rear part at the level of these bulges determining the caliber of the projectile.

De préférence, les rayons de courbure des zones en creux de la partie avant sont égaux entre eux et égaux au rayon de courbure de la zone en renflement de ladite partie avant; les susdits rayons de courbure peuvent avoir une valeur égale au tiers de la longueur de la partie avant.Preferably, the radii of curvature of the hollow areas of the front part are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature of the bulging zone of said front part; the above radii of curvature may have a value equal to one third of the length of the front part.

De préférence également, les rayons de courbure de renflement de la partie arrière sont égaux entre eux et égaux au rayon de courbure des creux de ladite partie arrière; les susdits rayons de courbure peuvent avoir une valeur égale au tiers de la longueur de la partie arrière.Preferably also, the radii of curvature of bulge of the rear part are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature of the hollows of said rear part; the above radii of curvature may have a value equal to one third of the length of the rear part.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, un évidement est ménagé dans la partie arrière du projectile et s'étend jusque dans sa partie avant.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a recess is formed in the rear part of the projectile and extends as far as its front part.

L'invention pourra, de toute façon, être bien comprise à l'aide de la descriction qui suit ainsi que du dessin ci-annexé, lesquels complément et dessin sont relatifs à un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.The invention may, in any case, be well understood with the aid of the following description as well as the appended drawing, which supplement and drawing relate to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

La figure unique de ce dessin montre, en coupe axiale, un projectile conforme à l'invention.The single figure of this drawing shows, in axial section, a projectile according to the invention.

Ce projectile comporte une partie arrière N1, dont le diamètre détermine le calibre du projectile, et une partie avant N2, d'allure générale conique et se terminant par une pointe avant A.This projectile comprises a rear part N 1 , the diameter of which determines the caliber of the projectile, and a front part N 2 , of general conical shape and ending in a front point A.

La partie avant N2 présente, entre la pointe avant A et la partie arrière N1, une zone en creux avant Z17 se raccordant à la pointe avant A, une zone en creux arrière Z7 se raccordant à la partie arrière N1, ces deux zones en creux Z17 et Z7 étant raccordées par une zone intermédiaire constituée par au moins une zone en renflement Zg.The front part N 2 has, between the front point A and the rear part N 1 , a front hollow zone Z 17 connecting to the front point A, a rear hollow zone Z 7 connecting to the rear part N 1 , these two recessed zones Z 17 and Z 7 being connected by an intermediate zone constituted by at least one bulging zone Zg.

Le raccordement de cette zone en renflement Zg avec la zone en creux arrière Z7 peut se situer aux deux tiers de la longueur LN2 de la partie avant N2, à compter de l'extrémité de la pointe avant A.The connection of this bulging zone Zg with the rear hollow zone Z 7 can be located at two thirds of the length LN 2 of the front part N 2 , starting from the end of the front point A.

Avantageusement, la partie arrière N1 peut comporter une succession de renflements P3, P2 séparés par des creux P1, le diamètre de la partie arrière Ni, au niveaua de ces renflements P3, P2, déterminant le calibre du projectile.Advantageously, the rear part N 1 may comprise a succession of bulges P 3 , P 2 separated by recesses P 1 , the diameter of the rear part Ni, at the level of these bulges P 3 , P 2 , determining the caliber of the projectile.

De préférence, les rayons de courbure R17, R7 des zones en creux Z17, Z7 de la partie avant N2 sont égaux entre eux et égaux au rayon de courbure Rg de la zone en renflement Zg de ladite partie avant N2; ces rayons de courbure R17, R7, Rg ont une valeur qui est égale au tiers de la longueur LN2 de la partie avant N2.Preferably, the radii of curvature R 17 , R 7 of the hollow zones Z 17 , Z 7 of the front part N 2 are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature Rg of the bulging zone Zg of said front part N 2 ; these radii of curvature R 17 , R 7 , Rg have a value which is equal to one third of the length LN 2 of the front part N 2 .

De préférence également, les rayons de courbure R3, R2 des renflements P3, P2 de la partie arrière Ni sont égaux entre eux et égaux au rayon de courbure R, du creux Pl de ladite partie arrière Ni; ces rayons de courbure R3, R2, R, ont une valeur qui est égale au tiers de la longueur LN, de la partie arrière N1.Preferably also, the radii of curvature R 3 , R 2 of the bulges P 3 , P 2 of the rear part Ni are equal to each other and equal to the radius of curvature R, of the hollow P l of said rear part Ni; these radii of curvature R 3 , R 2 , R, have a value which is equal to one third of the length LN, of the rear part N 1 .

Selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré, un évidement 2 est ménagé dans la partie arrière N, et s'étend jusque dans la partie avant N2.According to the embodiment of the invention illustrated, a recess 2 is formed in the rear part N, and extends as far as the front part N 2 .

Cet évidement 2 est formé par un tronc de cône arrière 2a d'angle a3, par un tronc de cône intermédiaire 2b d'angle a4, et par un cône avant 2c d'angle α5, la pointe 2d de ce cône avant 22 étant située dans la partie avant N2, approximativement au niveau de sa zone en renflement Zg.This recess 2 is formed by a rear truncated cone 2a of angle a 3 , by an intermediate truncated cone 2 b of angle a 4 , and by a front cone 2 c of angle α 5 , the tip 2 d of this cone before 2 2 being located in the front part N 2 , approximately at the level of its bulging zone Zg.

L'angle a3 est supérieur à l'angle α4.The angle a 3 is greater than the angle α 4 .

L'angle α5 est inférieur à l'angle a3 et est supérieur à l'angle a4.The angle α 5 is less than the angle a 3 and is greater than the angle a 4 .

Lorsque le projectile selon l'invention est destiné à être serti sur un étui E, ce sertissage est réalisé sur la partie arrière N1, sur le renflement P3 situé le plus près de la partie avant N2.When the projectile according to the invention is intended to be crimped onto a case E, this crimping is carried out on the rear part N 1 , on the bulge P 3 located closest to the front part N 2 .

La pointe avant A de la partie avant N2 peut présenter une face plate PA, ou une extrémité pointue ou arrondie.The front point A of the front part N 2 may have a flat face PA, or a pointed or rounded end.

Claims (12)

1. Projectile for firing by a fire-arm comprising a rear part (N1), whose diameter determines the size of the projectile and a front part (N2) having a generally conical configuration and terminated by a front nose (A), said front part (N2) having a front inward bulge (Z17) connected to the nose (A) characterized in that said front part also has a rear inward bulge (Z7) connected to the rear part (Ni) and at least one outward bulge (Zg) connected to the rear inward bulge (Z7) and to the front inward bulge (Z17).
2. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear part (N1) has a succession of outward bulges (P3, P2) separated by inward bulges (P1), the diameter of the rear part (N1) at said outward bulges (P3, P2) determining the projectile size.
3. Projectile according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the radii of curvature (R17, R7) of the inward bulges (Z17, Z7) of the front part (N2) are equal to one another and equal to the radius of curvature (Rg) of the outwards bulge (Zg) of said front part (N2).
4. Projectile according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the radii of curvature (R3, R2) of the outward bulges (P3, P2) of the rear part (N1) are equal to one another and equal to the radius of curvature (Ri) of the inward bulge (P1) of said rear part (N1).
5. Projectile according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the value of the radii (R17, R7, Rg) is equal to one third of the length (LN2) of the front part (N2).
6. Projectile according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connection of the outward bulge (Zg) to the rear inward bulge (Z7) is located at two thirds of the length (LN2) of the front part (N2) starting from the end of the front nose (A).
7. Projectile according to any one of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the value of the radii (R3, R2, R1) is equal to one third of the length (LN1) of the rear part (N1).
8. Projectile according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a recess (2) is made in the rear part (N1) and extends into the front part (N2).
9. Projectile according to claim 8, characterized in that the recess (2) is formed by a rear cone frustum (2a) of angle (a3), by an intermediate cone frustum (2b) of angle (a4) and by a front cone (2c) of angle (a5), the point (2d) of said front cone (2c) being located in the front part (N2).
10. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the angle (a3) is larger than the angle (a4) and that the angle (a5) is smaller that the angle (a3) and larger than the angle (a4).
11. Projectile according to any one of the claims 2 to 10, for crimping onto a case (E) characterized in that the crimping of case (E) is performed on the rear part (N1) on the outward bulge (P3) positioned closest to the front part (N2).
12. Projectile according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the front nose (A) of the front part (N2) has a flat face (PA), or a pointed or rounded end.
EP83402271A 1982-11-24 1983-11-24 Projectile for firearms Expired EP0110783B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8219659A FR2536528B1 (en) 1982-11-24 1982-11-24 PROFILED SHOCK BALL
FR8219659 1983-11-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0110783A1 EP0110783A1 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0110783B1 true EP0110783B1 (en) 1986-07-16

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EP83402271A Expired EP0110783B1 (en) 1982-11-24 1983-11-24 Projectile for firearms

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US (1) US4616568A (en)
EP (1) EP0110783B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59502075A (en)
AT (1) ATE20777T1 (en)
AU (1) AU567642B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8307619A (en)
DE (1) DE3364543D1 (en)
DK (1) DK149438C (en)
FI (1) FI81200C (en)
FR (1) FR2536528B1 (en)
HK (1) HK2588A (en)
HU (1) HU198245B (en)
MC (1) MC1607A1 (en)
MY (1) MY8700688A (en)
NO (1) NO156187C (en)
OA (1) OA07754A (en)
RO (1) RO90784A (en)
SG (1) SG58187G (en)
SU (1) SU1731070A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1984002182A1 (en)

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PT77697B (en) * 1982-11-24 1986-02-12 Ladriere Serge IMPROVED PROJECTILE FOR DISCHARGE BY FIREARMS
US5463960A (en) * 1995-01-26 1995-11-07 Lowry; Charles P. Streamlined bullet
AU683799B2 (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-11-20 Raytheon Company Aerodynamically stabilized projectile system for use against underwater objects
FR2846084B1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2007-04-20 France Etat MUNITION PROJECTILE FOR FIREARMS
SE533168C2 (en) * 2008-06-11 2010-07-13 Norma Prec Ab Firearm projectile
US9428264B2 (en) * 2010-11-02 2016-08-30 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Nose for supersonic flying object

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FR512809A (en) * 1920-12-30 1921-02-01 Auguste Deloire Hardwood core forcing bullets, for hunting rifles of all calibers
US3157126A (en) * 1962-02-01 1964-11-17 Blondeau Roland Gilber Auguste Missile for sporting guns
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CA985954A (en) * 1974-03-07 1976-03-23 Joseph F.L.J. Pichard Projectiles for air arms
US4405100A (en) * 1981-02-20 1983-09-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Turbulence generator for maximizing configuration tolerances of free flight ordnance
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PT77697B (en) * 1982-11-24 1986-02-12 Ladriere Serge IMPROVED PROJECTILE FOR DISCHARGE BY FIREARMS

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MC1607A1 (en) 1985-05-09
HUT36260A (en) 1985-08-28
FI842857A (en) 1984-07-16
DE3364543D1 (en) 1986-08-21
SG58187G (en) 1988-04-15
DK360184D0 (en) 1984-07-23
WO1984002182A1 (en) 1984-06-07
AU2261583A (en) 1984-06-18
DK149438B (en) 1986-06-09
DK360184A (en) 1984-07-23
JPS6138998B2 (en) 1986-09-01
EP0110783A1 (en) 1984-06-13
NO156187B (en) 1987-04-27
FI81200C (en) 1990-09-10
SU1731070A3 (en) 1992-04-30
DK149438C (en) 1986-12-22
FR2536528A1 (en) 1984-05-25
NO842939L (en) 1984-07-18
FI81200B (en) 1990-05-31
FR2536528B1 (en) 1987-01-16
AU567642B2 (en) 1987-11-26
BR8307619A (en) 1984-11-27
MY8700688A (en) 1987-12-31
ATE20777T1 (en) 1986-08-15
NO156187C (en) 1987-08-12
HU198245B (en) 1989-08-28
RO90784A (en) 1987-01-30
HK2588A (en) 1988-01-22
JPS59502075A (en) 1984-12-13
OA07754A (en) 1985-08-30
FI842857A0 (en) 1984-07-16
US4616568A (en) 1986-10-14

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