EP0723131B1 - Muzzle brake for middle or large-bore barrel - Google Patents

Muzzle brake for middle or large-bore barrel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0723131B1
EP0723131B1 EP96400088A EP96400088A EP0723131B1 EP 0723131 B1 EP0723131 B1 EP 0723131B1 EP 96400088 A EP96400088 A EP 96400088A EP 96400088 A EP96400088 A EP 96400088A EP 0723131 B1 EP0723131 B1 EP 0723131B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
muzzle brake
brake according
axis
tubular component
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96400088A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0723131A1 (en
Inventor
Francis Ledys
Nicolas Brunet
Régis Dupuy
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/32—Muzzle attachments or glands
    • F41A21/36—Muzzle attachments or glands for recoil reduction ; Stabilisators; Compensators, e.g. for muzzle climb prevention

Definitions

  • the scope of the present invention is that of muzzle brakes for medium guns or large caliber mounted on a carriage or a turret and in especially those firing under-calibrated projectiles.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high energy efficiency muzzle brake, limited mass and capable of firing sub-calibrated projectiles without passing on any disturbance.
  • the invention therefore relates to a muzzle brake for medium or large caliber cannon having a body whose internal dimensions are much greater than the caliber of the barrel, provided with at least one stage of two openings extended by blades on which apply the propellant gases to create a force of direction opposite to that generated by these gases, characterized in that it comprises a tubular element extending the free end of the barrel engaged in the body of the muzzle brake, pierced with a plurality of vents which direct the propellant gases towards the blades, the internal diameter d1 of this element being comprised substantially between the caliber d2 of the barrel and the diameter d3 of the barrel stripe.
  • the internal wall of the tubular element is smooth, and its internal diameter d1 is equal to the caliber d2 of the barrel.
  • the internal wall of the tubular element is smooth and its internal diameter d1 is equal to the diameter d3 of the barrel stripe.
  • the wall internal of the tubular element is provided with scratches identical to those of the cannon.
  • the vents have a cylindrical internal profile of diameter between 10 and 20 mm and inclined at an angle ⁇ 1 relative to the axis of the barrel, substantially equal to the inclination ⁇ 2 of the internal wall of the body with respect to said axis of the barrel.
  • the vents have a large ovoid internal profile axis substantially between 15 and 40 mm and small axis between 10 and 15 mm, inclined at an angle ⁇ 3 by relative to the axis of the barrel, substantially equal to the inclination ⁇ 2 of the internal wall of the brake body of mouth relative to the axis of said barrel.
  • the vents have a cylindrical profile diameter substantially between 10 and 20 mm opening on the internal side of the tubular element, and a frustoconical profile opening on the external side of said tubular element with an angle of inclination ⁇ 4 by relative to the axis of the barrel substantially equal to the inclination ⁇ 2 of the internal wall of the body with respect to said axis of the barrel.
  • the tubular element is presented under the shape of a shirt thickness between 5 and 10 mm made of steel with an elastic limit of approximately 1,000 MPa.
  • the shirt is centered on the axis of the barrel through guide surfaces at the ends cooperating with reception ranges on the inner wall of the body.
  • the tubular element is immobilized relative to the body muzzle brake by a blocking means consisting of example by a key.
  • the tubular element is oriented and immobilized in rotation relative to the barrel by a key screwed into the muzzle brake body cooperating with a groove made in the tubular element and another groove practiced in the barrel.
  • the tubular element is immobilized in translation by relation to the cannon using two shoulders one at the front end of said element and the other at the front part of the muzzle brake body, shims adjustment being possibly housed between these two shoulders.
  • the tubular element and the body of the brake mouth can be made in one piece from a molding outline for example.
  • the barrel and the tubular element do not form only one piece.
  • a first advantage of the following muzzle brake the invention lies in its energy efficiency important and therefore in the possibility offered to the system weapon to fire high energy ammunition.
  • Another advantage of this muzzle brake is ability to fire an under-calibrated projectile without interfere with each other.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the offering a low mass muzzle brake facilitating the pointing of the weapon.
  • FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of the invention of a muzzle brake, known as a single stage, is to say having only one row of blades and commonly called “tulip” muzzle brake.
  • This brake mouth 20 consists of a cylindrical part 21 linked to barrel tube 30 by a threaded connection 8 braked by a lock nut system 9 and oriented in a known manner by a key (not shown) relative to the barrel 30 and a body 22 provided with blades 22b on which come rely on propellant gases to generate a force of opposite direction to that generated by the firing of the ammunition, 22nd gills to relax these propellant gases and eject them outwards and from an outlet projectile 22f.
  • the internal part of the body is composed of divergent frustoconical part 22a followed by a part converging 22b forming the blades and a surface 22c substantially perpendicular to the axis YY 'of the barrel, the divergent part 22a and convergent part 22b are connected by a curved surface 22d.
  • the outer surface 22h of the body 22 is substantially parallel to the surfaces internal of said body.
  • a 22g reinforcement forming a beam is placed at the front of said body.
  • the internal shape of the muzzle brake 20 allows it to have a high energy efficiency, of the order of 50 at 60%, this being the ratio of the recoil energy of the barrel with and without muzzle brake.
  • the jacket 5 is centered relative to the barrel 30 and to the muzzle brake 20 via the ranges 6a, 6b of the jacket 5 cooperating with the bearing surfaces 7a, 7b practiced in the internal wall of the body 22 and by through the scope 6d of the cooperating shirt 5 with the range 7d practiced in the barrel 30.
  • the jacket 5 is also positioned axially without clearance between the muzzle brake 20 and the barrel 30 by the bias of the 6th face of the shirt 5 cooperating with the front edge 31 of the barrel on the one hand, and through the face 6c of the jacket 5 cooperating with the face 7c of the body 22 and shims 11 whose value is determined on the other hand.
  • the jacket 5 is immobilized in rotation by muzzle brake 20 via a key 25 engaged in a groove 27 of said brake mouth and cooperating with a groove 51 made in the shirt 5.
  • This key 25 is linked to the muzzle brake 20 by means of a screw 26 cooperating with said key and a tapping 28 made in the brake mouth 20.
  • a chamfer 29 produced on the internal face of the jacket 5 on the side in contact with the barrel 30 facilitates the passage of the shoe of the ammunition in said shirt.
  • the jacket 5 has an average thickness of 5 to 10 mm and is made of a material having a limit elastic of about 1000 MPa.
  • the jacket 5 is pierced with vents 54, which open into the internal volume of the body 22, in the form cylindrical whose angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the axis YY 'of barrel 30 is substantially equal to the angle ⁇ 2 of the wall 22a of the body 22 relative to said axis YY '.
  • the diameter vents 54 is between 10 and 20 mm.
  • the number vents 54 should be as large as possible to let most of the propellant gases pass, but ensuring that the distance d4 between said is sufficient to withstand pressure from propellant gases.
  • the shoes of the sub-calibrated projectile remain linked to the core during their passage through the muzzle brake 20 thanks to the jacket 5 which is of the same diameter d2 or d3 as the barrel 30.
  • the shoes freely detach from the core at the outlet of the muzzle brake 20, thus producing no parasitic effect on the core or damage to the muzzle brake 20.
  • the propellant gases are directed by the vents 54 towards the blades 22b to generate a force. of opposite direction to that induced by the shooting.
  • FIG. 2 shows a muzzle brake according to the invention identical to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, but the jacket 5 is not smooth and has stripes 40 identical to those of barrel 30 and the extending. In this case, it is necessary to orient said shirt so that the continuity of the stripes of the barrel 30 and liner 5 is ensured.
  • a key 25 carried by the muzzle brake 20 cooperates with a groove 51 practiced for part 51a in canon 30 precisely positioned with respect to scratches of said barrel and for the other part 51b in the folder 5 precisely positioned in relation to the scratches of said shirt.
  • This key 25 is linked to the brake mouth 20 by means of a screw 26 cooperating with said key and a tapping 28 practiced in the muzzle brake 20.
  • This configuration makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the projectile during its passage in the brake mouth 20 which gives it a better stabilization on trajectory.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment vents 54.
  • These have an internal profile opening into the internal volume of the body 22, in the form ovoid whose major axis is parallel to the axis of the barrel YY 'and inclined at an angle ⁇ 3 relative to the axis of the barrel YY 'substantially equal to the angle ⁇ 2 of the internal wall 22a of the body 22 relative to said axis YY '.
  • the major axis is between 15 and 40 mm and the small axis is between 10 and 15 mm.
  • the number of vents 54 should be as large as possible to let pass most of the propellants but in ensuring that the minimum distance d4 between said is sufficient to withstand pressure from propellant gases.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another variant of realization of the vents 54. These are ovoid in shape and their major axis is perpendicular to the axis of the barrel YY 'and inclined at an angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the YY' axis of the barrel substantially equal to the angle ⁇ 2 of the internal wall 22a of the body 22 relative to said axis YY '.
  • the major axis is between 15 and 40 mm and the minor axis is between 10 and 15 mm.
  • vents 54 must be the largest possible to let most of the propellants but making sure that the distance minimum d4 between said vents is sufficient to withstand the pressure of propellant gases.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another variant of realization of the vents 54 having a profile cylindrical 54a of diameter substantially between 10 and 20 mm opening on the internal side of the jacket 5 followed of a frustoconical profile 54b opening on the external side of said jacket in the internal volume of the body 22.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ 4 relative to the axis YY 'of the barrel 30 of the frustoconical part 54b is substantially equal to the inclination ⁇ 2 of the internal wall 22a of the body 22 by report to said axis YY '.
  • the number of vents 54 must be as large as possible to let the largest part of the propellants, but making sure that the distance d4 between said vents is sufficient to withstand the pressure of propellant gases.
  • This alternative embodiment of the vents 54 has the advantage of being more easily manufactured industrially.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment the muzzle brake according to the invention in which the muzzle brake 20 and the tubular element 5 do not form more than one piece that can come from a rough molding for example.
  • This achievement turns out particularly economical, because it does not require the positioning of a jacket 5 relative to the brake mouth 20 and relative to the barrel 30.
  • Figure 7 shows a variant of the brake mouth according to the invention in which the element tubular 5 is part of the same part as the barrel 30.
  • the muzzle brake is oriented relative to the barrel 30 in a known manner by a key not shown, but of the type of that described in relation to Figure 1.
  • the axial clearance between the tubular element 5 and the brake mouth 20 is canceled through the face 6c of the tubular element 5 cooperating with the face 7c of the body 22 and with adjustment shims 11 whose value is determined during assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Description

Le domaine d'application de la présente invention est celui des freins de bouche pour canons de moyen ou gros calibre montés sur un affût ou une tourelle et en particulier ceux tirant des projectiles sous-calibrés.The scope of the present invention is that of muzzle brakes for medium guns or large caliber mounted on a carriage or a turret and in especially those firing under-calibrated projectiles.

Pour réduire les efforts dus au tir transmis à l'affût ou à la tourelle, il est bien connu d'utiliser un frein de bouche à l'extrémité du canon qui crée un effort contraire à celui engendré par le tir. Cet effort est obtenu en canalisant une partie des gaz de propulsion vers des aubes comme cela est expliqué dans le brevet FR-A-510 111. Le frein de bouche est dans ce document constitué d'une pièce trouée vissée sur l'extrémité du canon et on vient rapporter sur ladite pièce une autre pièce formant aube.To reduce the forces due to the firing transmitted to lookout or turret it is well known to use a muzzle brake at the end of the barrel which creates an effort contrary to that generated by the shooting. This effort is obtained by channeling part of the propellant gases towards vanes as explained in patent FR-A-510 111. The muzzle brake is in this document consisting of a hole piece screwed onto the end of the cannon and we come to report on said piece another piece forming dawn.

Dans le cas du tir de projectiles sous-calibrés à effet cinétique, du type flèche par exemple, il est fondamental d'obtenir une grande vitesse initiale du projectile (de l'ordre de 1300-1500 m.s-1) ce qui se traduit par des efforts induits sur l'arme très importants qu'il faut limiter.In the case of firing sub-calibrated projectiles with kinetic effect, of the arrow type for example, it is fundamental to obtain a high initial speed of the projectile (of the order of 1300-1500 ms -1 ) which results in very significant induced forces on the weapon which must be limited.

On connaít, pour cela, un frein de bouche dans le brevet français FR-A-2 507 765. Ce frein de bouche possède un diamètre intérieur très supérieur au calibre du canon de l'arme et il a un fort rendement énergétique (rapport entre l'énergie du recul de l'arme avec et sans frein de bouche), de l'ordre de 50 à 60%. Mais, dans le cas d'un tube de canon rayé, les sabots entraínant le projectile sous-calibré ont tendance à se détacher de celui-ci pendant leur passage dans le frein de bouche, ce phénomène étant d'autant plus important que l'angle des rayures du canon est élevé puisque la force centrifuge à laquelle sont soumises les différentes parties du sabot est plus importante. Cette ouverture des sabots entraíne des interférences entre le projectile et le frein de bouche conduisant à une déstabilisation du projectile et à une perte d'inefficacité. We know, for this, a muzzle brake in the French patent FR-A-2 507 765. This muzzle brake has an inner diameter much larger than the caliber of the barrel of the weapon and it has a high energy efficiency (ratio between the energy of the recoil of the weapon with and without muzzle brake), of the order of 50 to 60%. But in the case of a barred barrel tube, the hooves driving the sub-calibrated projectile tend to detach from this during their passage in the muzzle brake, this phenomenon being all the more important as the angle of barrel scratches is high since the centrifugal force at which are subject to the different parts of the hoof is more important. This opening of the hooves leads interference between the projectile and the brake mouth leading to destabilization of the projectile and loss of ineffectiveness.

Pour éviter ce phénomène, il est de coutume, voir par example le document US-A-4 307 652, d'augmenter le diamètre de passage dans le frein de bouche, mais cela diminue fortement son rendement ce qui accroít les efforts sur la structure porteuse de l'arme.To avoid this phenomenon, it is customary, see for example document US-A-4 307 652, increase the passage diameter in the brake mouth, but this greatly reduces its yield which increases the efforts on the carrying structure of the weapon.

On connaít d'autres modèles de frein de bouche du type multi-étages tel celui décrit dans le brevet US-A-5 119 716. Ceux-ci ont le désavantage de posséder une masse importante qui a pour effet d'entraíner un fort couple de déséquilibre sur le canon préjudiciable pour la rapidité et la précision de l'orientation de l'arme.We know other models of muzzle brake from multi-stage type such as that described in US-A-5 patent 119,716. These have the disadvantage of having a mass important which results in a strong couple of imbalance on the barrel detrimental for speed and the accuracy of the orientation of the weapon.

Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un frein de bouche de rendement énergétique élevé, d'une masse limitée et capable de tirer les projectiles sous-calibrés sans leur transmettre une quelconque perturbation.The object of the present invention is to provide a high energy efficiency muzzle brake, limited mass and capable of firing sub-calibrated projectiles without passing on any disturbance.

L'invention a donc pour objet un frein de bouche pour canon de moyen ou de gros calibre présentant un corps dont les dimensions intérieures sont très supérieures au calibre du canon, muni d'au moins un étage de deux ouïes prolongées par des aubes sur lesquelles s'appliquent les gaz propulsifs pour créer une force de sens contraire à celle engendrée par ces gaz, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un élément tubulaire prolongeant l'extrémité libre du canon engagé dans le corps du frein de bouche, percé d'une pluralité d'évents qui dirigent les gaz propulsifs vers les aubes, le diamètre interne d1 de cet élément étant compris sensiblement entre le calibre d2 du canon et le diamètre d3 de fond de rayure du canon.The invention therefore relates to a muzzle brake for medium or large caliber cannon having a body whose internal dimensions are much greater than the caliber of the barrel, provided with at least one stage of two openings extended by blades on which apply the propellant gases to create a force of direction opposite to that generated by these gases, characterized in that it comprises a tubular element extending the free end of the barrel engaged in the body of the muzzle brake, pierced with a plurality of vents which direct the propellant gases towards the blades, the internal diameter d1 of this element being comprised substantially between the caliber d2 of the barrel and the diameter d3 of the barrel stripe.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la paroi interne de l'élément tubulaire est lisse, et son diamètre intérieur d1 est égal au calibre d2 du canon.According to a characteristic of the invention, the internal wall of the tubular element is smooth, and its internal diameter d1 is equal to the caliber d2 of the barrel.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la paroi interne de l'élément tubulaire est lisse et son diamètre intérieur d1 est égal au diamètre d3 de fond de rayure du canon. According to a characteristic of the invention, the internal wall of the tubular element is smooth and its internal diameter d1 is equal to the diameter d3 of the barrel stripe.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la paroi interne de l'élément tubulaire est munie de rayures identiques à celles du canon.According to a characteristic of the invention, the wall internal of the tubular element is provided with scratches identical to those of the cannon.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les évents présentent un profil interne cylindrique de diamètre compris entre 10 et 20 mm et incliné d'un angle α1 par rapport à l'axe du canon, sensiblement égal à l'inclinaison α2 de la paroi interne du corps par rapport audit axe du canon.According to another characteristic of the invention, the vents have a cylindrical internal profile of diameter between 10 and 20 mm and inclined at an angle α1 relative to the axis of the barrel, substantially equal to the inclination α2 of the internal wall of the body with respect to said axis of the barrel.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les évents présentent un profil interne ovoïde de grand axe compris sensiblement entre 15 et 40 mm et de petit axe compris entre 10 et 15 mm, incliné d'un angle α3 par rapport à l'axe du canon, sensiblement égal à l'inclinaison α2 de la paroi interne du corps du frein de bouche par rapport à l'axe dudit canon.According to another characteristic of the invention, the vents have a large ovoid internal profile axis substantially between 15 and 40 mm and small axis between 10 and 15 mm, inclined at an angle α3 by relative to the axis of the barrel, substantially equal to the inclination α2 of the internal wall of the brake body of mouth relative to the axis of said barrel.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les évents présentent un profil cylindrique de diamètre compris sensiblement entre 10 et 20 mm débouchant du côté interne de l'élément tubulaire, et un profil tronconique débouchant du côté externe dudit élément tubulaire avec un angle d'inclinaison α4 par rapport à l'axe du canon sensiblement égal à l'inclinaison α2 de la paroi interne du corps par rapport audit axe du canon.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the vents have a cylindrical profile diameter substantially between 10 and 20 mm opening on the internal side of the tubular element, and a frustoconical profile opening on the external side of said tubular element with an angle of inclination α4 by relative to the axis of the barrel substantially equal to the inclination α2 of the internal wall of the body with respect to said axis of the barrel.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément tubulaire se présente sous la forme d'une chemise d'épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 10 mm réalisée en acier ayant une limite élastique d'environ 1 000 MPa.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the tubular element is presented under the shape of a shirt thickness between 5 and 10 mm made of steel with an elastic limit of approximately 1,000 MPa.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la chemise est centrée sur l'axe du canon par l'intermédiaire de portées de guidage aux extrémités coopérant avec des portées de réception pratiquées sur la paroi interne du corps. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the shirt is centered on the axis of the barrel through guide surfaces at the ends cooperating with reception ranges on the inner wall of the body.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément tubulaire est immobilisé par rapport au corps du frein de bouche par un moyen de blocage constitué par exemple par une clavette.According to another characteristic of the invention, the tubular element is immobilized relative to the body muzzle brake by a blocking means consisting of example by a key.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément tubulaire est orienté et immobilisé en rotation par rapport au canon par une clavette vissée dans le corps de frein de bouche coopérant avec une rainure pratiquée dans l'élément tubulaire et une autre rainure pratiquée dans le canon.According to another characteristic of the invention, the tubular element is oriented and immobilized in rotation relative to the barrel by a key screwed into the muzzle brake body cooperating with a groove made in the tubular element and another groove practiced in the barrel.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément tubulaire est immobilisé en translation par rapport au canon à l'aide de deux épaulements pratiqués l'un à l'extrémité avant dudit élément et l'autre à la partie avant du corps de frein de bouche, des cales de réglage étant éventuellement logées entre ces deux épaulements.According to another characteristic of the invention, the tubular element is immobilized in translation by relation to the cannon using two shoulders one at the front end of said element and the other at the front part of the muzzle brake body, shims adjustment being possibly housed between these two shoulders.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément tubulaire et le corps du frein de bouche peuvent être réalisés en une seule pièce issue d'un ébauché de moulage par exemple.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the tubular element and the body of the brake mouth can be made in one piece from a molding outline for example.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le canon et l'élément tubulaire ne forment qu'une seule pièce.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the barrel and the tubular element do not form only one piece.

Un premier avantage du frein de bouche suivant l'invention réside dans son rendement énergétique important et donc dans la possibilité offerte au système d'arme de tirer des munitions à haute énergie.A first advantage of the following muzzle brake the invention lies in its energy efficiency important and therefore in the possibility offered to the system weapon to fire high energy ammunition.

Un autre avantage de ce frein de bouche est de pouvoir tirer un projectile sous-calibré sans qu'il n'y ait d'interférences entre eux.Another advantage of this muzzle brake is ability to fire an under-calibrated projectile without interfere with each other.

Un autre avantage de l'invention réside dans le fait d'offrir un frein de bouche de masse réduite facilitant le pointage de l'arme.Another advantage of the invention lies in the offering a low mass muzzle brake facilitating the pointing of the weapon.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description donnée ci-après à titre indicatif en relation avec des dessins sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une coupe axiale d'un frein de bouche équipé d'une chemise lisse,
  • la figure 2 représente une coupe axiale d'un frein de bouche équipé d'une chemise rayée,
  • la figure 3 illustre une première variante de réalisation des évents,
  • la figure 4 illustre une seconde variante de réalisation des évents,
  • La figure 5 illustre une troisième variante de réalisation des évents,
  • La figure 6 représente une coupe d'un frein de bouche réalisé en une seule pièce,
  • La figure 7 représente une coupe d'un frein de bouche où les évents sont percés directement en bout du canon.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description given below by way of indication in relation to the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents an axial section of a muzzle brake equipped with a smooth jacket,
  • FIG. 2 represents an axial section of a muzzle brake equipped with a striped jacket,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first alternative embodiment of the vents,
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second alternative embodiment of the vents,
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a third alternative embodiment of the vents,
  • FIG. 6 represents a section of a muzzle brake produced in one piece,
  • Figure 7 shows a section of a muzzle brake where the vents are drilled directly at the end of the barrel.

La figure 1 représente un mode de réalisation de l'invention d'un frein de bouche, dit simple étage, c'est à dire ne disposant que d'une seule rangée d'aubes et communément appelé frein de bouche "tulipe". Ce frein de bouche 20 se compose d'une partie cylindrique 21 liée au tube de canon 30 par une liaison filetée 8 freinée par un système de contre-écrou 9 et orientée de façon connue par une clavette (non représentée) par rapport au canon 30 et d'un corps 22 muni d'aubes 22b sur lesquelles viennent s'appuyer les gaz propulsifs pour engendrer une force de sens contraire à celle engendrée par le tir de la munition, d'ouïes 22e pour détendre ces gaz propulsifs et les éjecter vers l'extérieur et d'un orifice de sortie du projectile 22f.FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of the invention of a muzzle brake, known as a single stage, is to say having only one row of blades and commonly called "tulip" muzzle brake. This brake mouth 20 consists of a cylindrical part 21 linked to barrel tube 30 by a threaded connection 8 braked by a lock nut system 9 and oriented in a known manner by a key (not shown) relative to the barrel 30 and a body 22 provided with blades 22b on which come rely on propellant gases to generate a force of opposite direction to that generated by the firing of the ammunition, 22nd gills to relax these propellant gases and eject them outwards and from an outlet projectile 22f.

La partie interne du corps est composée d'une partie tronconique divergente 22a suivie par une partie convergente 22b formant les aubes et d'une surface 22c sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe YY' du canon, la partie divergente 22a et la partie convergente 22b sont reliées par une surface courbe 22d. La surface externe 22h du corps 22 est sensiblement parrallèle aux surfaces internes dudit corps.The internal part of the body is composed of divergent frustoconical part 22a followed by a part converging 22b forming the blades and a surface 22c substantially perpendicular to the axis YY 'of the barrel, the divergent part 22a and convergent part 22b are connected by a curved surface 22d. The outer surface 22h of the body 22 is substantially parallel to the surfaces internal of said body.

Pour des raisons de tenue mécanique du corps 22, un renfort 22g formant poutre est placé à l'avant dudit corps.For reasons of mechanical strength of the body 22, a 22g reinforcement forming a beam is placed at the front of said body.

Le fonctionnement d'un tel frein de bouche est le suivant : lors du tir de la munition, le projectile parcourt le canon 30 puis passe dans dans le corps 22 du frein de bouche 20 et ressort par l'orifice de sortie 22f. Le tir de la munition a pour effet, par suite de la conservation de la quantité de mouvement, de faire reculer le canon vers l'arrière et d'engendrer des efforts importants sur la structure porteuse du canon qui peut être un affût ou une tourelle. Le rôle du frein de bouche 20 est de limiter les efforts engendrés sur la structure porteuse du canon. Pour cela, une grande partie des gaz propulsifs est dirigée grâce à la surface divergente 22a vers les aubes 22b créant ainsi une force aérodynamique de sens contraire à celle engendrée par le tir de la munition. Les gaz propulsifs peuvent ensuite s'échapper par les ouïes 22e.The operation of such a muzzle brake is the next: when firing the ammunition, the projectile runs through the barrel 30 then passes into into the body 22 of the muzzle brake 20 and comes out through the outlet 22f. The firing of the ammunition has the effect, as a result of the conservation of momentum, to do move the barrel backwards and generate significant efforts on the bearing structure of the barrel which can be a lookout or a turret. The role of the brake mouth 20 is to limit the forces generated on the gun support structure. For this, a large part propellant is directed through the surface diverging 22a toward the vanes 22b thus creating a force aerodynamics in the opposite direction to that generated by the ammunition fire. The propellants can then escape through the 22nd gills.

La forme interne du frein de bouche 20 lui permet d'avoir un grand rendement énergétique, de l'ordre de 50 à 60%, celui-ci étant le rapport de l'énergie de recul du canon avec et sans frein de bouche.The internal shape of the muzzle brake 20 allows it to have a high energy efficiency, of the order of 50 at 60%, this being the ratio of the recoil energy of the barrel with and without muzzle brake.

L'inconvénient du frein de bouche tel que décrit ci-dessus apparaít nettement pour le tir de munitions sous-calibrées composées d'un noyau de faible diamètre qui est propulsé dans un canon de plus fort calibre par l'intermédiaire de sabots. Ces sabots n'ont qu'une fonction de balistique intérieure et sont détachés à la sortie du canon soit par des forces aérodynamiques qui s'appliquent sur eux soit par la force centrifuge qui a tendance à les écarter du noyau. La forme particulièrement évasée de la paroi interne du frein de bouche 20 laisse la liberté aux sabots de commencer à se détacher du noyau par l'un ou l'autre des phénomènes susdits et d'entrer en interférence avec l'orifice de sortie 22f. Cela induit des efforts parasites sur le noyau entraínant sa déstabilisation et une détérioration du frein de bouche 20.The downside of the muzzle brake as described above clearly appears for the firing of ammunition sub-calibrated composed of a small diameter core which is propelled into a larger caliber cannon by through hooves. These hooves have only one indoor ballistics function and are detached to the exit from the barrel either by aerodynamic forces which apply to them either by the centrifugal force which has tendency to move them away from the nucleus. The form particularly flared from the inner wall of the brake mouth 20 leaves the hoofs free to start detach from the nucleus by one or other of the phenomena above and interfere with the orifice of exit 22f. This induces parasitic forces on the nucleus causing its destabilization and deterioration muzzle brake 20.

C'est pourquoi, pour pallier cet inconvénient, il est proposé, suivant l'invention, d'engager dans le corps 22 du frein de bouche 20 une chemise 5 prolongeant l'extrémité libre du canon 30 et percée d'une pluralité d'évents 54. La paroi interne de la chemise 5 est lisse et son diamètre d1 est égal au diamètre d2 du canon 30 quand celui-ci est lisse ou égal au diamètre d3 de fond de rayure du canon quand celui-ci est rayé.This is why, to overcome this drawback, it is proposed, according to the invention, to engage in the body 22 of the muzzle brake 20 a jacket 5 extending the free end of the barrel 30 and pierced with a plurality of vents 54. The internal wall of the jacket 5 is smooth and its diameter d1 is equal to the diameter d2 of the barrel 30 when the latter is smooth or equal to the diameter d3 of the barrel's scoring surface when the latter is scratched.

La chemise 5 est centrée par rapport au canon 30 et au frein de bouche 20 par l'intermédiaire des portées 6a, 6b de la chemise 5 coopérant avec les portées 7a, 7b pratiquées dans la paroi interne du corps 22 et par l'intermédiaire de la portée 6d de la chemise 5 coopérant avec la portée 7d pratiquée dans le canon 30.The jacket 5 is centered relative to the barrel 30 and to the muzzle brake 20 via the ranges 6a, 6b of the jacket 5 cooperating with the bearing surfaces 7a, 7b practiced in the internal wall of the body 22 and by through the scope 6d of the cooperating shirt 5 with the range 7d practiced in the barrel 30.

La chemise 5 est aussi positionnée axialement sans jeu entre le frein de bouche 20 et le canon 30 par le biais de la face 6e de la chemise 5 coopérant avec la tranche avant 31 du canon d'une part, et par le biais de la face 6c de la chemise 5 coopérant avec la face 7c du corps 22 et de cales de réglages 11 dont la valeur est déterminée au montage d'autre part.The jacket 5 is also positioned axially without clearance between the muzzle brake 20 and the barrel 30 by the bias of the 6th face of the shirt 5 cooperating with the front edge 31 of the barrel on the one hand, and through the face 6c of the jacket 5 cooperating with the face 7c of the body 22 and shims 11 whose value is determined on the other hand.

La chemise 5 est immobilisée en rotation par rapport au frein de bouche 20 par l'intermédiaire d'une clavette 25 engagée dans une rainure 27 dudit frein de bouche et coopérant avec une rainure 51 pratiquée dans la chemise 5. Cette clavette 25 est liée au frein de bouche 20 par l'intermédiaire d'une vis 26 coopérant avec ladite clavette et d'un taraudage 28 pratiqué dans le frein de bouche 20. The jacket 5 is immobilized in rotation by muzzle brake 20 via a key 25 engaged in a groove 27 of said brake mouth and cooperating with a groove 51 made in the shirt 5. This key 25 is linked to the muzzle brake 20 by means of a screw 26 cooperating with said key and a tapping 28 made in the brake mouth 20.

Un chanfrein 29 réalisé sur la face interne de la chemise 5 du côté en contact avec le canon 30 facilite le passage du sabot de la munition dans ladite chemise.A chamfer 29 produced on the internal face of the jacket 5 on the side in contact with the barrel 30 facilitates the passage of the shoe of the ammunition in said shirt.

La chemise 5 présente une épaisseur moyenne de 5 à 10 mm et est réalisée dans un matériau ayant une limite élastique d'environ 1 000 MPa.The jacket 5 has an average thickness of 5 to 10 mm and is made of a material having a limit elastic of about 1000 MPa.

La chemise 5 est percée d'évents 54, qui débouchent dans le volume interne du corps 22, de forme cylindrique dont l'angle α1 par rapport à l'axe YY' du canon 30 est sensiblement égal à l'angle α2 de la paroi 22a du corps 22 par rapport audit axe YY'. Le diamètre des évents 54 est compris entre 10 et 20 mm. Le nombre des évents 54 doit être le plus grand possible pour laisser passer la plus grande partie des gaz propulsifs, mais en s'assurant que la distance d4 entre lesdits évents soit suffisante pour résister à la pression des gaz propulsifs.The jacket 5 is pierced with vents 54, which open into the internal volume of the body 22, in the form cylindrical whose angle α1 with respect to the axis YY 'of barrel 30 is substantially equal to the angle α2 of the wall 22a of the body 22 relative to said axis YY '. The diameter vents 54 is between 10 and 20 mm. The number vents 54 should be as large as possible to let most of the propellant gases pass, but ensuring that the distance d4 between said is sufficient to withstand pressure from propellant gases.

Avec le frein de bouche 20 suivant l'invention, les sabots du projectile sous-calibré restent liés au noyau lors de leur passage dans le frein de bouche 20 grâce à la chemise 5 qui est de même diamètre d2 ou d3 que le canon 30. Les sabots se détachent librement du noyau à la sortie du frein de bouche 20 n'engendrant ainsi aucun effet parasite sur le noyau ou endommagement du frein de bouche 20. Les gaz propulsifs sont dirigés par les évents 54 vers les aubes 22b pour engendrer une force de sens contraire à celle induite par le tir.With the muzzle brake 20 according to the invention, the shoes of the sub-calibrated projectile remain linked to the core during their passage through the muzzle brake 20 thanks to the jacket 5 which is of the same diameter d2 or d3 as the barrel 30. The shoes freely detach from the core at the outlet of the muzzle brake 20, thus producing no parasitic effect on the core or damage to the muzzle brake 20. The propellant gases are directed by the vents 54 towards the blades 22b to generate a force. of opposite direction to that induced by the shooting.

La figure 2 représente un frein de bouche selon l'invention identique au mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 1, mais la chemise 5 n'est pas lisse et possède des rayures 40 identiques à celles du canon 30 et les prolongeant. Dans ce cas, il est nécessaire d'orienter ladite chemise afin que la continuité des rayures du canon 30 et de la chemise 5 soit assurée. Une clavette 25 portée par le frein de bouche 20 coopère avec une rainure 51 pratiquée pour une partie 51a dans le canon 30 positionnée de façon précise par rapport aux rayures dudit canon et pour l'autre partie 51b dans la chemise 5 positionnée de façon précise par rapport aux rayures de ladite chemise. Cette clavette 25 est liée au frein de bouche 20 par l'intermédiaire d'une vis 26 coopérant avec ladite clavette et d'un taraudage 28 pratiqué dans le frein de bouche 20.Figure 2 shows a muzzle brake according to the invention identical to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, but the jacket 5 is not smooth and has stripes 40 identical to those of barrel 30 and the extending. In this case, it is necessary to orient said shirt so that the continuity of the stripes of the barrel 30 and liner 5 is ensured. A key 25 carried by the muzzle brake 20 cooperates with a groove 51 practiced for part 51a in canon 30 precisely positioned with respect to scratches of said barrel and for the other part 51b in the folder 5 precisely positioned in relation to the scratches of said shirt. This key 25 is linked to the brake mouth 20 by means of a screw 26 cooperating with said key and a tapping 28 practiced in the muzzle brake 20.

Cette configuration permet d'entretenir la rotation du projectile pendant son passage dans le frein de bouche 20 ce qui lui confère une meilleure stabilisation sur trajectoire.This configuration makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the projectile during its passage in the brake mouth 20 which gives it a better stabilization on trajectory.

La figure 3 illustre une variante de réalisation des évents 54. Ceux-ci présentent un profil interne débouchant dans le volume interne du corps 22, de forme ovoïde dont le grand axe est parallèle à l'axe du canon YY' et incliné d'un angle α3 par rapport à l'axe de canon YY' sensiblement égal à l'angle α2 de la paroi interne 22a du corps 22 par rapport audit axe YY'. Pour chaque évent, le grand axe est compris entre 15 et 40 mm et le petit axe est compris entre 10 et 15 mm. Le nombre des évents 54 doit être le plus grand possible pour laisser passer la plus grande partie des gaz propulsifs, mais en s'assurant que la distance minimale d4 entre lesdits évents soit suffisante pour résister à la pression des gaz propulsifs.Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment vents 54. These have an internal profile opening into the internal volume of the body 22, in the form ovoid whose major axis is parallel to the axis of the barrel YY 'and inclined at an angle α3 relative to the axis of the barrel YY 'substantially equal to the angle α2 of the internal wall 22a of the body 22 relative to said axis YY '. For each vent, the major axis is between 15 and 40 mm and the small axis is between 10 and 15 mm. The number of vents 54 should be as large as possible to let pass most of the propellants but in ensuring that the minimum distance d4 between said is sufficient to withstand pressure from propellant gases.

La figure 4 illustre une autre variante de réalisation des évents 54. Ceux-ci sont de forme ovoïde et leur grand axe est perpendiculaire à l'axe du canon YY' et incliné d'un angle α3 par rapport à l'axe YY' du canon sensiblement égal à l'angle α2 de la paroi interne 22a du corps 22 par rapport audit axe YY'.Figure 4 illustrates another variant of realization of the vents 54. These are ovoid in shape and their major axis is perpendicular to the axis of the barrel YY 'and inclined at an angle α3 with respect to the YY' axis of the barrel substantially equal to the angle α2 of the internal wall 22a of the body 22 relative to said axis YY '.

Pour chaque évent, le grand axe est compris entre 15 et 40 mm et le petit axe est compris entre 10 et 15 mm.For each vent, the major axis is between 15 and 40 mm and the minor axis is between 10 and 15 mm.

Le nombre des évents 54 doit être le plus grand possible pour laisser passer la plus grande partie des gaz propulsifs, mais en s'assurant que la distance minimale d4 entre lesdits évents soit suffisante pour résister à la pression des gaz propulsifs.The number of vents 54 must be the largest possible to let most of the propellants but making sure that the distance minimum d4 between said vents is sufficient to withstand the pressure of propellant gases.

La figure 5 illustre une autre variante de réalisation des évents 54 présentant un profil cylindrique 54a de diamètre compris sensiblement entre 10 et 20 mm débouchant du côté interne de la chemise 5 suivi d'un profil tronconique 54b débouchant du côté externe de ladite chemise dans le volume interne du corps 22. L'angle d'inclinaison α4 par rapport à l'axe YY' du canon 30 de la partie tronconique 54b est sensiblement égal à l'inclinaison α2 de la paroi interne 22a du corps 22 par rapport audit axe YY'. Le nombre des évents 54 doit être le plus grand possible pour laisser passer la plus grande partie des gaz propulsifs, mais en s'assurant que la distance d4 entre lesdits évents soit suffisante pour résister à la pression des gaz propulsifs.Figure 5 illustrates another variant of realization of the vents 54 having a profile cylindrical 54a of diameter substantially between 10 and 20 mm opening on the internal side of the jacket 5 followed of a frustoconical profile 54b opening on the external side of said jacket in the internal volume of the body 22. The angle of inclination α4 relative to the axis YY 'of the barrel 30 of the frustoconical part 54b is substantially equal to the inclination α2 of the internal wall 22a of the body 22 by report to said axis YY '. The number of vents 54 must be as large as possible to let the largest part of the propellants, but making sure that the distance d4 between said vents is sufficient to withstand the pressure of propellant gases.

Cette variante de réalisation des évents 54 présente l'avantage d'être plus facilement fabricable industriellement.This alternative embodiment of the vents 54 has the advantage of being more easily manufactured industrially.

La figure 6 présente une variante de réalisation du frein de bouche suivant l'invention dans laquelle le frein de bouche 20 et l'élément tubulaire 5 ne forment plus qu'une seule pièce qui peut être issue d'un ébauché de moulage par exemple. Cette réalisation s'avère particulièrement économique, car elle ne nécessite pas le positionnement d'une chemise 5 par rapport au frein de bouche 20 et par rapport au canon 30.Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment the muzzle brake according to the invention in which the muzzle brake 20 and the tubular element 5 do not form more than one piece that can come from a rough molding for example. This achievement turns out particularly economical, because it does not require the positioning of a jacket 5 relative to the brake mouth 20 and relative to the barrel 30.

La figure 7 présente une variante du frein de bouche suivant l'invention dans laquelle l'élément tubulaire 5 fait partie de la même pièce que le canon 30. Le frein de bouche est orienté par rapport au canon 30 de façon connue par une clavette non représentée, mais du type de celle décrite en relation avec la figure 1. Le jeu axial entre l'élément tubulaire 5 et le frein de bouche 20 est annulé par le biais de la face 6c de l'élément tubulaire 5 coopérant avec la face 7c du corps 22 et avec des cales de réglages 11 dont la valeur est déterminée au montage.Figure 7 shows a variant of the brake mouth according to the invention in which the element tubular 5 is part of the same part as the barrel 30. The muzzle brake is oriented relative to the barrel 30 in a known manner by a key not shown, but of the type of that described in relation to Figure 1. The axial clearance between the tubular element 5 and the brake mouth 20 is canceled through the face 6c of the tubular element 5 cooperating with the face 7c of the body 22 and with adjustment shims 11 whose value is determined during assembly.

Claims (14)

  1. A muzzle brake for a medium or large calibre barrel having a body whose inner dimensions are much greater than the calibre of the barrel, fitted with at least one stage of two openings (22e) prolonged by vanes (22b) upon which the propellant gases are applied in order to create a force in the opposite direction to that generated by these gases, characterised in that it comprises a tubular component (5) prolonging the free end of the barrel engaged in the body (22) pierced with several vents (54) which direct the propellant gases towards the vanes 22b), the inner diametre d1 of this component being roughly between the calibre d2 of the barrel and the diametre d3 at the bottom of the barrel rifling.
  2. A muzzle brake according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inner wall of the tubular component (5) is smooth, and its inner diametre d1 is equal to the calibre d2 of the barrel.
  3. A muzzle brake according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inner wall of the tubular component (5) is smooth and its inner diametre d1 is equal to the diametre d3 .
  4. A muzzle brake according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inner wall of the tubular component (5) has rifling identical to that of the barrel (30).
  5. A muzzle brake according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the vents (54) have a cylindrical inner profile of a diametre of between 10 and 20 mm inclined at an angle α1 with respect to the axis YY' of the barrel (30), roughly equal to the slope α2 of the inner wall (22a) of the body (22) with respect to the said axis YY'.
  6. A muzzle brake according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the vents (54) have an ovoid inner profile with a large axis of roughly between 15 and 40 mm and a small axis of between 10 and 15 mm, inclined at an angle α3 with respect to the axis YY' of the barrel (30), roughly equal to the slope α2 of the inner wall (22a) of the body (22) with respect to the said axis YY'.
  7. A muzzle brake according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the vents (54) have a cylindrical profile (54a) of a diametre of between roughly 10 and 20 mm opening out onto the inner side of the tubular component (5), and a tapered profile (54b) opening out onto the outer side of the said tubular component inclined at an angle α4 with respect to the axis YY' of the barrel (30) roughly equal to the slope α2 of the inner wall of the body (22) with respect to the said axis YY'.
  8. A muzzle brake according to any one of the above Claims, characterised in that the tubular component (5) is in the shape of a liner of a thickness of between 5 and 10 mm made of steel having an elastic limit of around 1000 MPa.
  9. A muzzle brake according to Claim 8, characterised in that the liner is centred on the axis YY' of the barrel (30) by means of guiding supports (7a, 7b, 7d) at the ends which work in conjunction with receiving supports (6a, 6b, 6d) made on the inner wall of the body (22).
  10. A muzzle brake according to any one of the above Claims, characterised in that the tubular component (5) is immobilized with respect to the body (22) by an immobilizing means (25) formed, for example, of a key.
  11. A muzzle brake according to Claim 10, characterised in that the tubular component (5) is adjusted and immobilized in rotation with respect to the barrel (30) by means of a key (25) screwed in the body (22) which works in conjunction with a groove (51a) made in the tubular component and another groove (51b) made in the barrel (30).
  12. A muzzle brake according to any one of Claim 1 to 11, characterised in that the tubular component (5) is immobilized in translation with respect to the barrel (30) by means of two shoulders (7c, 6c) and (6d,31) made, firstly, on the front end of the said component and, secondly, on the front part of the body (22), adjusting wedges (11) possibly being housed between these two shoulders.
  13. A muzzle brake according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the tubular component (5) and the body (22) are made in a single piece.
  14. A muzzle brake according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the tubular component (5) and the barrel (30) form a single piece.
EP96400088A 1995-01-18 1996-01-15 Muzzle brake for middle or large-bore barrel Expired - Lifetime EP0723131B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9500492A FR2729464A1 (en) 1995-01-18 1995-01-18 MOUTH BRAKE FOR MEDIUM OR LARGE CALIBER GUNS
FR9500492 1995-01-18

Publications (2)

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EP0723131A1 EP0723131A1 (en) 1996-07-24
EP0723131B1 true EP0723131B1 (en) 1999-09-08

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EP96400088A Expired - Lifetime EP0723131B1 (en) 1995-01-18 1996-01-15 Muzzle brake for middle or large-bore barrel

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US (1) US5675107A (en)
EP (1) EP0723131B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69604097T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2729464A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA96353B (en)

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WO2011137976A1 (en) 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Signature-reduced muzzle brake

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DE102007024515A1 (en) 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Apparatus and method for attaching a muzzle brake to a gun barrel
WO2011137976A1 (en) 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Signature-reduced muzzle brake
DE102010019358A1 (en) 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Signature reduced muzzle brake

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2729464A1 (en) 1996-07-19
EP0723131A1 (en) 1996-07-24
DE69604097D1 (en) 1999-10-14
ZA96353B (en) 1997-01-03
DE69604097T2 (en) 2000-01-20
FR2729464B1 (en) 1997-03-07
US5675107A (en) 1997-10-07

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