EP0108538A1 - Nulldurchgangsschaltung - Google Patents

Nulldurchgangsschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108538A1
EP0108538A1 EP83306408A EP83306408A EP0108538A1 EP 0108538 A1 EP0108538 A1 EP 0108538A1 EP 83306408 A EP83306408 A EP 83306408A EP 83306408 A EP83306408 A EP 83306408A EP 0108538 A1 EP0108538 A1 EP 0108538A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
output
circuit
zero crossing
zero
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83306408A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William Henry Frank Packham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hawker Siddeley Revenue Controls Ltd
Original Assignee
Hawker Siddeley Revenue Controls Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hawker Siddeley Revenue Controls Ltd filed Critical Hawker Siddeley Revenue Controls Ltd
Publication of EP0108538A1 publication Critical patent/EP0108538A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/12—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in both directions due to the energisation of one or the other of two electromagnets without the storage of energy to effect the return movement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a zero crossing circuit particularly, but not exclusively, for the purpose of operating an a.c. circuit breaker in electricity supply apparatus.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a zero crossing circuit which continually monitors the a.c. current zero-crossing points and acts automatically to synchronise operation of a circuit breaker, for example, with a zero crossing point.
  • a zero crossing circuit for producing an output in response to an input command in which the output is synchronised with the zero-crossing points of an a.c. supply
  • means for sensing the waveform of the a.c. supply connected via full wave rectifying means to the input of switching means having a low voltage switching threshold level so as to produce a stream of relatively narrow pulses centred on the zero-crossing points of the a.c. waveform and, gating means operative in response to an input command to gate the next of said pulses to actuate a variable delay output generator which produces after a predetermined delay an output synchronised with the a.c. waveform zero-crossing points.
  • Fig. 1 at reference 1 a schematic a.c. electric supply circuit and at 2 a transformer for sensing the a.c. current in circuit 1.
  • the secondary winding 3 of the transformer forms together with rectifier diodes 4 and 5 a full wave rectifying means which supplies rectified but unsmoothed half-cycle pulses via a step-down potentiometer arrangement 6 to the input 7 of an amplifier 8.
  • the step-down potentiometer 6 comprises essentially a pair of resistances having values in the ratio 100:1 to provide in effect a very low switching threshold level at the input 7 of amplifier 8.
  • the amplifier possesses a high gain so that its input 9 switches between alternative output saturation levels as the input voltage level passes through said threshold switching level.
  • the threshold is close to the zero level which is also the steepest part of the a.c. current curve the amplifier output 9 consists of a stream of relatively narrow pulses each temporarily centred on a zero-crossing point of the a.c. waveform.
  • the pulse stream output 9 is connected to a first input 10 of an integrated circuit block 11 which also receives an input command signal at a second input 12.
  • the circuitry within block 11 is operative to gate the first input 10 by the second input 12 and at the next narrow pulse an input 11 following an input command on input 12, provided by closure of switch 18 to commence timing a predetermined delay at the end of which an output is produced on either output line 13 or 14, as will be further described below.
  • the integrated circuit block 11 comprises a microprocessor having an internal program memory store (not shown) in which is stored a control program adapted to carry out the functions described above.
  • the microprocessor has connected to it an external timing crystal 15 of natural resonant frequency 6MHz.
  • Power for the. microprocessor is provided via the terminals marked 0 v and +5 v , in the drawing, from a power supply unit 17 which may conveniently be connected to the secondary winding 3 of transformer 2.
  • the circuit breaker shown comprises an adjustable, but otherwise fixed, contact 20 and a movable contact 21 carried at one end of a pivoted contact arm 22.
  • a contact operating arm 23 pivoted together with arm 22 about an axis 24 is arranged to bear against arm 22 through a contact pressure spring 25.
  • the operating arm 23 has a yoke 26 at one end in which is eccentrically journalled at 27 a spindle 28 which is attached through a toggle link 29 with one arm of a rocking toggle lever 30 mounted on a pivot 31 secured to the fixed base plate of the circuit breaker.
  • the lever 33 has two arms 32 and 33 on opposite sides of the pivot 31 which may be tipped against respective stops 34 and 35 by solenoid plungers 36 and 37.
  • the positions of stops 34 and 35 is set to provide the toggle mechanism with an over centre action in both its alternative positions each of which is maintained by stored energy in partially compressed toggle spring 29a.
  • Solenoids 38 and 39 are arranged to operate plungers 36 and 37 respectively and are mounted above either arm of the toggle lever 30, with their axes parallel, as shown in the drawing.
  • the plungers 36 and 37 are normally withdrawn into the illustrated position by the restoring force of return springs 40 and 41, therefore solenoids are pulse energised. That is, to extend the plunger of a solenoid its winding requires an energising pulse of sufficient power and duration to overcome restoring spring pressure and drive the plunger to its fullest extent.
  • Fig. 2 the toggle lever 30 is shown tipped one way in which arm 33 rests against stop 35 and a form is transmitted through toggle spring 29a to the contact moving arm 23 holding the contacts 20 and 21 closed.
  • the solenoid 38 is energised and plunger 36 depresses arm 32 of the toggle lever against stop 34 breaking the over-centre position of toggle link 29 and resetting it in its alternative position. This action withdraws operating arm 23 opening conacts 20 and 21.
  • Fig. 3 the contacts are mounted vertically below the operating solenoids 38 and 39.
  • the movable contact arm has a degree of inherent resilience and is arranged to be moved by a shaped cam 50 formed on the underside of toggle lever 30.
  • This cam has a rounded toe portion 51 which rocks which permits the resilience of arm 22 to break contacts 20, 21 when lever 30 is tipped one way and, has a heel portion 52 which urges arm 22 towards the contacts closed position (illustrated) when lever 30 is tipped as shown.
  • switch 18 opens and the same series of events occurs but on this occasion results in a pulse on output 13 to operate solenoid 38 and open the contacts 20 and 21.
  • the predetermined delay period is chosen to include compensation for the operating time of the solenoids and circuit breaker contact mechanism so that the actual instant when contact arcing can be expected coincides as closely as'possible with the zero crossing point of the a.c. waveform.
  • the delay period may also be chosen to take into account a high power factor which causes the actual zero crossing point of the current to lag somewhat behind the voltage zero-crossing point.
  • the microprocessor may be adapted to provide a single output which is alternatively energised or de-energised in order to operate a circuit breaker'of the continually energised to close type.
  • the switch 18 is connected to be operated by the credit or pre-payment mechanism of an electric supply meter, e.g. the well known clockwork coin mechanism is but one example.
  • an electric supply meter e.g. the well known clockwork coin mechanism is but one example.
  • the invention may be used in other embodiments to control the make and break of a.c. supply circuits in any situation where contact damage due to arcing is a problem.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
EP83306408A 1982-10-23 1983-10-21 Nulldurchgangsschaltung Withdrawn EP0108538A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08230339A GB2130436A (en) 1982-10-23 1982-10-23 Zero crossing circuit for arcing preventing in circuit breakers
GB8230339 1982-10-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0108538A1 true EP0108538A1 (de) 1984-05-16

Family

ID=10533813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83306408A Withdrawn EP0108538A1 (de) 1982-10-23 1983-10-21 Nulldurchgangsschaltung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0108538A1 (de)
AU (1) AU2044683A (de)
ES (1) ES8406739A1 (de)
GB (2) GB2130436A (de)
ZA (1) ZA837773B (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0170925A1 (de) * 1984-07-25 1986-02-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schalten von Lasten unter Vermeidung hoher Einschaltstromspitzen
EP0200099A2 (de) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ansteuerschaltung für ein elektromagnetisches Relais zum Schalten eines Wechselspannungs-Lastkreises
EP0338374A2 (de) * 1988-04-16 1989-10-25 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung einer Antriebseinrichtung eines Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltgerätes
WO1990010942A1 (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-09-20 Sinvent A/S Method and apparatus for connecting or disconnecting an electrical load circuit
EP0571122A1 (de) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Verlängerung der Lebensdauer eines Relais
ES2153776A1 (es) * 1999-04-19 2001-03-01 Univ Da Coruna Y En Su Nombre Modulo de ajuste del instante de cierre de un contactor.
FR2953938A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-17 Sagem Comm Procede de commande d'ouverture ou de fermeture de circuit electrique au niveau d'un compteur electrique
US9793716B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2017-10-17 Elster Solutions, Llc Power meter disconnect switch operation

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2233824B (en) * 1989-07-06 1993-12-22 B & R Electrical Plc Design of a solenoid actuated relay
GB2299712B (en) * 1995-04-07 1999-08-11 Thompson Royce Ltd Switching controller
US5821642A (en) * 1996-11-04 1998-10-13 Hubbell Incorporated Arc prevention circuit for a mechanical switch

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206642A (en) * 1961-07-18 1965-09-14 Nat Res Dev Electrical circuit breakers
US3243656A (en) * 1963-09-09 1966-03-29 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Circuit interrupter control responsive to wave form
US3265933A (en) * 1963-10-24 1966-08-09 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Control circuit for operating circuit interrupter at a zero current point in system wave form
US3566152A (en) * 1969-07-23 1971-02-23 Gen Electric High voltage electric circuit breaker including a synchronously closed resistor switch
US3950657A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-04-13 Rca Corporation Timer circuits
US4001643A (en) * 1975-05-29 1977-01-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Method and apparatus for a power circuit breaker controller
US4010386A (en) * 1976-01-20 1977-03-01 Burroughs Corporation Synchronous switch control circuit
US4153922A (en) * 1976-12-03 1979-05-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Relay control circuit
JPS55118223A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-09-11 Shibaura Denshi Seisakusho:Kk Zero cross pulse generating circuit
GB2057207A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-03-25 Gen Electric Relay switching apparatus
EP0034448A2 (de) * 1980-02-14 1981-08-26 Claude Lyons Limited Anordnung zum Steuern der Betätigung von Schalterkontakten
US4306263A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-12-15 Gould Inc. Synchronous closing system and latch therefor
US4311956A (en) * 1980-06-19 1982-01-19 Pitney Bowes Inc. Zero crossing phase fired controller
GB2090702A (en) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Gen Electric Method and circuit for controlling the switching of an inductive load
EP0063893A2 (de) * 1981-04-21 1982-11-03 Mainmet Limited Energieregler

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB253143A (de) *
GB248821A (en) * 1924-12-05 1926-03-05 Gramophone Co Ltd Improvements in sound reproducing systems
US2032475A (en) * 1927-09-28 1936-03-03 Otis Elevator Co Elevator system
GB336575A (en) * 1929-07-13 1930-10-13 John Stewart Burns Improvements in or relating to electric switches
GB428529A (en) * 1933-10-06 1935-05-07 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in mechanisms for operating electric switches or other devices with snap action and adapted to be actuated electromagnetically
GB423967A (en) * 1933-11-27 1935-02-12 Herbert Victor Harwood Improvements in or relating to electricity meters
GB1130583A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-10-16 English Electric Co Ltd Control systems for switching an a.c. electric supply
GB1135092A (en) * 1966-05-19 1968-11-27 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Improved circuit for controlling a circuit interrupter device
US3702941A (en) * 1971-06-14 1972-11-14 Rca Corp Zero crossing point switching circuit
US4178572A (en) * 1978-04-03 1979-12-11 Gould Inc. Load management apparatus

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206642A (en) * 1961-07-18 1965-09-14 Nat Res Dev Electrical circuit breakers
US3243656A (en) * 1963-09-09 1966-03-29 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Circuit interrupter control responsive to wave form
US3265933A (en) * 1963-10-24 1966-08-09 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Control circuit for operating circuit interrupter at a zero current point in system wave form
US3566152A (en) * 1969-07-23 1971-02-23 Gen Electric High voltage electric circuit breaker including a synchronously closed resistor switch
US3950657A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-04-13 Rca Corporation Timer circuits
US4001643A (en) * 1975-05-29 1977-01-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Method and apparatus for a power circuit breaker controller
US4010386A (en) * 1976-01-20 1977-03-01 Burroughs Corporation Synchronous switch control circuit
US4153922A (en) * 1976-12-03 1979-05-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Relay control circuit
JPS55118223A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-09-11 Shibaura Denshi Seisakusho:Kk Zero cross pulse generating circuit
GB2057207A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-03-25 Gen Electric Relay switching apparatus
EP0034448A2 (de) * 1980-02-14 1981-08-26 Claude Lyons Limited Anordnung zum Steuern der Betätigung von Schalterkontakten
US4306263A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-12-15 Gould Inc. Synchronous closing system and latch therefor
US4311956A (en) * 1980-06-19 1982-01-19 Pitney Bowes Inc. Zero crossing phase fired controller
GB2090702A (en) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Gen Electric Method and circuit for controlling the switching of an inductive load
EP0063893A2 (de) * 1981-04-21 1982-11-03 Mainmet Limited Energieregler

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 15, no. 3, August 1972 L.M. ERNST et al. "Current zero-crossing detection for thyristor control", page 734 *
IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 24, no. 10, March 1982 J.H. DODGE et al. "Microcomputer control of zero-crossing detection accuracy", pages 5025-5027 *
Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 4, no. 170, 22 November 1980 & JP-A-55-118223 *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0170925A1 (de) * 1984-07-25 1986-02-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schalten von Lasten unter Vermeidung hoher Einschaltstromspitzen
EP0200099A2 (de) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ansteuerschaltung für ein elektromagnetisches Relais zum Schalten eines Wechselspannungs-Lastkreises
EP0200099B1 (de) * 1985-04-19 1991-09-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ansteuerschaltung für ein elektromagnetisches Relais zum Schalten eines Wechselspannungs-Lastkreises
EP0338374A2 (de) * 1988-04-16 1989-10-25 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung einer Antriebseinrichtung eines Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltgerätes
EP0338374A3 (de) * 1988-04-16 1991-04-17 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung einer Antriebseinrichtung eines Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltgerätes
WO1990010942A1 (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-09-20 Sinvent A/S Method and apparatus for connecting or disconnecting an electrical load circuit
EP0571122A1 (de) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Verlängerung der Lebensdauer eines Relais
US5530615A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-06-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method and apparatus for enhancing relay life
ES2153776A1 (es) * 1999-04-19 2001-03-01 Univ Da Coruna Y En Su Nombre Modulo de ajuste del instante de cierre de un contactor.
FR2953938A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-17 Sagem Comm Procede de commande d'ouverture ou de fermeture de circuit electrique au niveau d'un compteur electrique
WO2011072816A1 (fr) 2009-12-14 2011-06-23 Sagemcom Energy & Telecom Sas Procede de commande d'ouverture ou de fermeture de circuit electrique au niveau d'un compteur electrique
CN102834885A (zh) * 2009-12-14 2012-12-19 萨基姆通讯能源及电信联合股份公司 用于控制电表中的电路的开路或闭路的方法
US9105417B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2015-08-11 Sagecom Energy & Telecom Sas Method for controlling the opening or closing of an electric circuit in an electric meter
CN102834885B (zh) * 2009-12-14 2015-11-25 萨基姆通讯能源及电信联合股份公司 用于控制电表中的电路的开路或闭路的方法
US9793716B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2017-10-17 Elster Solutions, Llc Power meter disconnect switch operation
US10236691B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2019-03-19 Honeywell International Inc. Power meter disconnect switch operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2130436A (en) 1984-05-31
ES526671A0 (es) 1984-08-01
AU2044683A (en) 1984-05-03
GB2130012A (en) 1984-05-23
ES8406739A1 (es) 1984-08-01
GB8313850D0 (en) 1983-06-22
ZA837773B (en) 1984-06-27

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

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Effective date: 19850117

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Inventor name: PACKHAM, WILLIAM HENRY FRANK