EP0107562B1 - Concentration of ores by flotation and collector reagents used therefor - Google Patents

Concentration of ores by flotation and collector reagents used therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107562B1
EP0107562B1 EP83401957A EP83401957A EP0107562B1 EP 0107562 B1 EP0107562 B1 EP 0107562B1 EP 83401957 A EP83401957 A EP 83401957A EP 83401957 A EP83401957 A EP 83401957A EP 0107562 B1 EP0107562 B1 EP 0107562B1
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Prior art keywords
polysulphide
process according
flotation
collector
ores
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EP83401957A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0107562A1 (en
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Jacques Maurice
Patrice Guesnet
Pierre Tozzolino
Guy Muller
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Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Production SA
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Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Production SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
    • B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/02—Collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
    • B03D2203/02—Ores

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the enrichment of ores by flotation with organic collectors, constituted by thio compounds. More specifically, it targets the processing of ores based on heavy metal oxides and sulfides.
  • Alkyl polysulfides have been proposed, in the same way as alkylnaphthalenes, alkyl- and chloroalkyltetralins, or mercaptans, as additives to the flotation collectors constituted by amines with a long aliphatic chain, in particular C 7 at C t g or more. If by this means - according to US-A-3,059,774, we can save some of the expensive amines, there is still no question of being able to replace them completely.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that the collecting properties of a thio compound can be intensified by a certain accumulation of sulfur atoms in the molecules of these compounds.
  • dialkyl polysulfides can give better results than the corresponding mercaptan; this is surprising theoretically, since polysulfides have a molecular structure with two lipophilic chains. This fact is all the more unexpected since the alkyl polysulfides with more C a are even less soluble in water than the mercaptans.
  • the process according to the invention consists in carrying out the flotation of ores or minerals in the general manner known per se, but with at least one dihydrocarbyl polysulphide as collector, or jointly with a collector of known type other than a long-chain aliphatic amine, this or these polysulphides being represented by the formula where R and R ', similar or different, are alkyls or alkenyls which can carry substituents and x is a number with an average value of 2 to 8.
  • the substituents of the hydrocarbon groups R or / and R ' can be other aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aryl radicals, halogens, nitriles or of groups OH, -COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , CONH 2 , esters or carbonyls.
  • the substituents providing affinity for water are particularly favorable.
  • the groups R and R ' are C 6 to C 18 linear or branched.
  • a method of preparing such polysulphides which consists in treating, for example, the corresponding mercaptan with sulfur, in the presence of an amine as catalyst, according to the reaction:
  • This process actually provides a mixture of polysulfides of different numbers of S atoms, where x is actually an average of these numbers.
  • the polysulfides according to the invention are practically insoluble in water, they can be introduced into the ore pulp to be treated in the form of a solution in a solvent, in that of emulsion or extremely fine dispersion.
  • a solvent in that of emulsion or extremely fine dispersion.
  • the emulsion can be produced by mixing with a surfactant liquid such as polyethoxylated polyol or alkylphenol, petroleum sulfonate, polyalkoxylated mercaptan, a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene or sorbitan, etc.
  • the aqueous or other dispersion it can be obtained by wet micronization.
  • the molar proportions of the new collectors, according to the invention, to be used in flotation are the same as those of the known technique, that is to say in general about 0.05 to 0.5, and more often of 0.1 to 0.25 moles per tonne of ore.
  • a series of flotation tests is carried out on copper sulphide ore from the South African mine at Palabora, with a Cu content of 0.45 to 0.48%. 600 g of this ore are ground to a fineness such that 76% of the powder passes through a 148 micron mesh sieve.
  • the product After adding the necessary adjuvants, the product is subjected to flotation for 20 minutes at pH 7.5, in a 2.5-liter laboratory cell of the MINEMET M 130 type, in the presence of methyl-isobutyl carbinol as a foaming agent. , added at a rate of 25 g per tonne of ore.
  • the collectors are introduced in the form of mixtures of 57.5% by weight of thio compounds with 42.5% of surfactant, nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene, known commercially under the trademark "SIMULSOL 730".
  • surfactant nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene, known commercially under the trademark "SIMULSOL 730".
  • examples 1 and 2 usual mercaptans in flotation and, on the other hand, (examples 3 to 6) polysulfides according to the invention; their proportion, in millimoles per tonne of ore, is indicated in the Table of results, which follows.
  • the Cu concentrations obtained are always higher, with the polysulphides, than those given by conventional collectors.
  • the pentasulfides allow a copper recovery comparable or superior to that of the mercaptans.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à l'enrichissement de minerais par flottation avec des collecteurs organiques, constitués par des thio composés. Elle vise plus spécialement le traitement de minerais à base d'oxydes et de sulfures de métaux lourds.The present invention relates to the enrichment of ores by flotation with organic collectors, constituted by thio compounds. More specifically, it targets the processing of ores based on heavy metal oxides and sulfides.

Des composés renfermant du soufre dans leur molécule sont employés avec succès dans la technique de flottation: c'est notamment le cas des alkyl xanthates alcalins qui comptent parmi les meilleurs collecteurs connus jusqu'à présent. De même, considère-t-on comme bons collecteurs les mercaptans d'alkyles, surtout en C12 à Cts, qui - malgré leur peu de solubilité dans l'eau - ont pu être avantageusement utilisés, émulsionnés avec des composés tensio-actifs.Compounds containing sulfur in their molecule are used with success in the technique of flotation: it is in particular the case of alkaline alkyl xanthates which count among the best collectors known until now. Similarly, do we consider as good collectors the alkyl mercaptans, especially in C 12 to C ts , which - despite their low solubility in water - could be advantageously used, emulsified with surfactant compounds .

Des mono- et di-sulfures organiques ont été, dans le passé, proposés comme collecteurs de flottation de minerais sulfurés. Cette technique concernait surtout des sulfures d'alkyles inférieures (US- A-1 774 183) ou d'aryles, notamment phényle ou naphtyle (GB-A- 362 366 et US-A- 027 357). Elle exigeait d'ailleurs des proportions d'agent moussant (US-A-1 774183 page 2 ligne 45) beaucoup plus fortes que celles de la technique actuelle. Quant au procédé utilisant des sulfures porteurs d'une fonction alcool, il concerne les mono- et non poly-sulfures (FR-A- 2 429 619).Organic mono- and di-sulfides have been proposed in the past as flotation collectors for sulfide ores. This technique mainly concerned sulfides of lower alkyls (US-A-1 774 183) or aryls, in particular phenyl or naphthyl (GB-A- 362 366 and US-A-027 357). It also required proportions of foaming agent (US-A-1 774183 page 2 line 45) much higher than those of the current technique. As for the process using sulfides carrying an alcohol function, it relates to mono- and not poly-sulfides (FR-A- 2 429 619).

Des polysulfures d'alkyles ont été proposés, au même titre que des alkylnaphtalènes, des alkyl- et chloro- alkyltétralines, ou des mercaptans, en tant qu'additifs des collecteurs de flottation constitués par des amines à longue chaine aliphatique, notamment en C7 à Ctg ou plus. Si par ce moyen - selon le brevet US-A- 3 059 774, on arrive à économiser une partie des amines coûteuses, il n'est tout de même pas question de pouvoir les remplacer complètement.Alkyl polysulfides have been proposed, in the same way as alkylnaphthalenes, alkyl- and chloroalkyltetralins, or mercaptans, as additives to the flotation collectors constituted by amines with a long aliphatic chain, in particular C 7 at C t g or more. If by this means - according to US-A-3,059,774, we can save some of the expensive amines, there is still no question of being able to replace them completely.

La présente invention est basée sur la découverte que les propriétés collectrices d'un thio composé peuvent être intensifiées par une certaine accumulation d'atomes de soufre dans les molécules de ces composés. Ainsi a-t-on trouvé que des polysulfures de dialkyles peuvent donner des résultats meilleurs que le mercaptan correspondant; c'est surprenant théoriquement, puisque les polysulfures présentent une structure moléculaire à deux chaînes lipophiles. Ce fait est d'ailleurs d'autant plus inattendu que les polysulfures d'alkyles à plus de Ca sont encore moins solubles dans l'eau que les mercaptans.The present invention is based on the discovery that the collecting properties of a thio compound can be intensified by a certain accumulation of sulfur atoms in the molecules of these compounds. Thus it has been found that dialkyl polysulfides can give better results than the corresponding mercaptan; this is surprising theoretically, since polysulfides have a molecular structure with two lipophilic chains. This fact is all the more unexpected since the alkyl polysulfides with more C a are even less soluble in water than the mercaptans.

Or, suivant l'invention, il est possible de parer au manque de solubilité de ces composés par leur mise sous la forme d'une dispersion extrêmement fine.However, according to the invention, it is possible to counter the lack of solubility of these compounds by putting them in the form of an extremely fine dispersion.

Le procédé suivant l'invention consiste à effectuer la flottation de minerais ou de minéraux à la manière générale, connue en soi, mais avec au moins un polysulfure de dihydrocarbyle en tant que collecteur, ou conjointement avec un collecteur de type connu autre qu'une amine à longue chaîne aliphatique, ce ou ces polysulfures étant représentés par la formule

Figure imgb0001
où R et R', semblables ou différents, sont des alkyles ou alkényles pouvant porter des substituants et x est un nombre de valeur moyenne de 2 à 8.The process according to the invention consists in carrying out the flotation of ores or minerals in the general manner known per se, but with at least one dihydrocarbyl polysulphide as collector, or jointly with a collector of known type other than a long-chain aliphatic amine, this or these polysulphides being represented by the formula
Figure imgb0001
 where R and R ', similar or different, are alkyls or alkenyls which can carry substituents and x is a number with an average value of 2 to 8.

Les substituants des groupes hydrocarbonés R ou/et R' peuvent être d'autres radicaux aliphatiques, cycloaliphatiques ou aryliques, des halogènes, nitriles ou de groupes OH, -COOH, N02, NH2, CONH2, esters ou carbonyles. Les substituants procurant de l'affinité pour l'eau, sont particulièrement favorables.The substituents of the hydrocarbon groups R or / and R 'can be other aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aryl radicals, halogens, nitriles or of groups OH, -COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , CONH 2 , esters or carbonyls. The substituents providing affinity for water are particularly favorable.

Les groupes R et R' sont en C6 à C18 linéaires ou ramifiés.The groups R and R 'are C 6 to C 18 linear or branched.

On connait un mode de préparation de tels polysulfures, qui consiste à traiter par exemple le mercaptan correspondant par du soufre, en présence d'une amine comme catalyseur, suivant la réaction:

Figure imgb0002
A method of preparing such polysulphides is known, which consists in treating, for example, the corresponding mercaptan with sulfur, in the presence of an amine as catalyst, according to the reaction:
Figure imgb0002

Ce procédé fournit en réalité un mélange de polysulfures de différents nombres d'atomes de S, x étant en fait une moyenne de ces nombres.This process actually provides a mixture of polysulfides of different numbers of S atoms, where x is actually an average of these numbers.

Bien qu'à partir de C8, les polysulfures suivant l'invention soient pratiquement insolubles dans l'eau, ils peuvent être introduits dans la pulpe de minerai à traiter sous la forme de solution dans un solvant, sous celle d'émulsion ou de dispersion extrêmement fine. Ainsi, peut-on employer le polysulfure en solution dans de l'alcool, du sulfure de carbone, du diméthyl sulfoxide, du benzène, du kérosène, de l'huile ou autre solvant approprié. L'émuision peut être produite par mélange avec un liquide tensio-actif tel que polyol ou alkyl-phénol polyéthoxylé, un sulfonate de pétrole, un mercaptan polyalkoxylé, un ester d'acide gras de polyoxyalkylène ou de sorbitan, etc.Although from C 8 , the polysulfides according to the invention are practically insoluble in water, they can be introduced into the ore pulp to be treated in the form of a solution in a solvent, in that of emulsion or extremely fine dispersion. Thus, can we use the polysulfide in solution in alcohol, carbon sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, kerosene, oil or other suitable solvent. The emulsion can be produced by mixing with a surfactant liquid such as polyethoxylated polyol or alkylphenol, petroleum sulfonate, polyalkoxylated mercaptan, a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene or sorbitan, etc.

Quant à la dispersion aqueuse ou autre, elle peut s'obtenir par la micronisation humide.As for the aqueous or other dispersion, it can be obtained by wet micronization.

Les proportions molaires des nouveaux collecteurs, suivant l'invention, à employer dans la flottation, sont les mêmes que celles de la technique connue, c'est-à-dire en général environ 0,05 à 0,5, et plus souvent de 0,1 à 0,25 mole par tonne de minerai.The molar proportions of the new collectors, according to the invention, to be used in flotation, are the same as those of the known technique, that is to say in general about 0.05 to 0.5, and more often of 0.1 to 0.25 moles per tonne of ore.

Les exemples qui suivent illustrent l'invention non limitativement.The examples which follow illustrate the invention without limitation.

EXEMPLES 1 à 6EXAMPLES 1 to 6

Une série d'essais de flottation est effectuée sur un minerai sulfuré de cuivre provenant de la mine Sud Africaine de Palabora, à teneur en Cu de 0,45 à 0,48 %. 600 g de ce minerai sont broyés à une finesse telle que 76 % de la poudre traversent un tamis à mailles de 148 microns.A series of flotation tests is carried out on copper sulphide ore from the South African mine at Palabora, with a Cu content of 0.45 to 0.48%. 600 g of this ore are ground to a fineness such that 76% of the powder passes through a 148 micron mesh sieve.

Après l'adjonction des adjuvants nécessaires, le produit est soumis à la flottation pendant 20 minutes à pH 7,5, dans une cellule de laboratoire de 2,5 litres du type MINEMET M 130, en présence de méthyl-isobutyl carbinol comme agent moussant, ajouté à raison de 25 g par tonne de minerai.After adding the necessary adjuvants, the product is subjected to flotation for 20 minutes at pH 7.5, in a 2.5-liter laboratory cell of the MINEMET M 130 type, in the presence of methyl-isobutyl carbinol as a foaming agent. , added at a rate of 25 g per tonne of ore.

Les collecteurs sont introduits sous la forme de mélanges de 57,5 % en poids de thio composés avec 42,5 % de tensio-actif, nonyl phénol polyoxyéthylène, connu dans le commerce sous la marque "SIMULSOL 730". Ce sont, d'une part, (exemples 1 et 2) des mercaptans usuels en flottation et, d'autre part, (exemples 3 à 6) des polysulfures suivant l'invention; leur proportion, en millimoles par tonne de minerai, est indiquée dans le Tableau des résultats, qui suit.The collectors are introduced in the form of mixtures of 57.5% by weight of thio compounds with 42.5% of surfactant, nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene, known commercially under the trademark "SIMULSOL 730". These are, on the one hand, (examples 1 and 2) usual mercaptans in flotation and, on the other hand, (examples 3 to 6) polysulfides according to the invention; their proportion, in millimoles per tonne of ore, is indicated in the Table of results, which follows.

Les deux dernières colonnes de ce Tableau indiquent la teneur pourcent en Cu dans le concentré obtenu, ainsi que les % de Cu récupéré.

Figure imgb0003
The last two columns of this Table indicate the percentage Cu content in the concentrate obtained, as well as the% Cu recovered.
Figure imgb0003

II en résulte que les concentrations en Cu, obtenues, sont toujours supérieures, avec les polysulfures, à celles que donnent les collecteurs classiques. En outre, à proportions molaires égales, les pentasulfures permettent une récupération en cuivre comparable ou supérieure à celles des mercaptans.As a result, the Cu concentrations obtained are always higher, with the polysulphides, than those given by conventional collectors. In addition, at equal molar proportions, the pentasulfides allow a copper recovery comparable or superior to that of the mercaptans.

EXEMPLES 7 à 14EXAMPLES 7 to 14

Des essais de flottation sont effectués avec chacun des minéraux désignés dans le tableau des résultats par:

  • CHAL. - pour la chalcopyrite
  • GAL. - pour la galène,
  • BL. - pour la blende et
  • PYR. - pour la pyrite.
Flotation tests are carried out with each of the minerals designated in the results table by:
  • CHAL. - for chalcopyrite
  • GAL. - for galena,
  • BL. - for the blende and
  • PYR. - for pyrite.

Dans une cellule, on intruduit 265 ml d'eau, 1 g de poudre fine de minéral et 3x10-4 g de collecteur à essayer, par litre; ce collecteur est utilisé sous la forme d'une solution à 1 % dans de l'éthanol.In a cell, 265 ml of water, 1 g of fine mineral powder and 3 × 10 -4 g of collector to be tested are introduced per liter; this collector is used in the form of a 1% solution in ethanol.

Le tableau ci-après donne les % de chaque minéral recueilli comme produit de la flottation.

Figure imgb0004
The table below gives the% of each mineral collected as a product of flotation.
Figure imgb0004

On peut constater que les polysulfures des exemples 8 à 13 donnet des résultats supérieurs à ceux du n-dodécyl mercaptan (exemple 14) couramment employé à l'heure actuelle.It can be seen that the polysulphides of Examples 8 to 13 give better results than those of n-dodecyl mercaptan (Example 14) commonly used at present.

EXEMPLES 15 à 20EXAMPLES 15 to 20

Essais sur la chalcopyrite avec 3 x 10-4 g/I de collecteur.

Figure imgb0005
On voit qu'avec S2 et des alkyles à moins de 6 atomes de carbone les rendements sont mauvais.Chalcopyrite tests with 3 x 10- 4 g / I of collector.
Figure imgb0005
 We see that with S 2 and alkyls with less than 6 carbon atoms the yields are poor.

Claims (6)

1. Process of enrichment of minerals by flotation with the aid of a collector comprising a dialkyl or dialkenyl polysulphide, each of the alkyls or alkenyls containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms and possibly carrying substituents, characterised in that the polysulphide is added to the mineral pulp in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent or of a very fine dispersion, the polysulphide being combined if required with a collector of known type, an aliphatic long chain amine being excluded.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the average number of sulphur atoms in the polysulphide is from 2 to 8.
3. Process according to claim 2, characterised in that the average number of sulphur atoms is from 3 to 5.
4. Process according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one of the hydrocarbon groups of the polysulphide carries one or more -OH, -COOH, -N02,-NH2, -CONH2, ester and/or carbonyl substituents.
5. Process according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the polysulphide is formed into an extremely fine dispersion in a liquid, particularly in water, in order to be introduced into the mineral pulp to be treated.
6. Process according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the polysulphide is employed in the form of a solution in alcohol, carbon disulphide, dimethyl sulphoxide, benzene, kerosene or oil.
EP83401957A 1982-10-13 1983-10-07 Concentration of ores by flotation and collector reagents used therefor Expired EP0107562B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8217128 1982-10-13
FR8217128A FR2534493B1 (en) 1982-10-13 1982-10-13 ENRICHMENT OF ORES BY FLOTATION AND COLLECTING AGENTS EMPLOYED THEREFOR

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EP0107562A1 EP0107562A1 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0107562B1 true EP0107562B1 (en) 1987-08-12

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EP (1) EP0107562B1 (en)
AU (1) AU562923B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1215547A (en)
DE (1) DE107562T1 (en)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4735711A (en) * 1985-05-31 1988-04-05 The Dow Chemical Company Novel collectors for the selective froth flotation of mineral sulfides
US5338338A (en) * 1992-09-22 1994-08-16 Geobiotics, Inc. Method for recovering gold and other precious metals from carbonaceous ores
US5364453A (en) * 1992-09-22 1994-11-15 Geobiotics, Inc. Method for recovering gold and other precious metals from carbonaceous ores

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2027357A (en) * 1927-05-13 1936-01-07 Barrett Co Flotation of minerals
US1774183A (en) * 1927-05-13 1930-08-26 Barrett Co Concentration of minerals
GB362366A (en) * 1929-09-04 1931-12-01 Minerals Separation Ltd Improvements in or relating to concentration by froth flotation
US3059774A (en) * 1961-07-31 1962-10-23 United States Borax Chem Method and means for beneficiating ores
FR2429617A1 (en) * 1978-06-27 1980-01-25 Elf Aquitaine Flotation collectors esp. for sulphide minerals - comprise organic thio cpds. esp. alkyl thio ethanol(s) (SW 28.1.80)
US4341626A (en) * 1980-12-22 1982-07-27 American Cyanamid Company Process for the flotation of sulfide minerals employing alkylaryl hydrocarbon compounds

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FI74892C (en) 1988-04-11
ES526758A0 (en) 1984-12-01
ES8501251A1 (en) 1984-12-01
FI833716A (en) 1984-04-14
FR2534493B1 (en) 1986-05-30
AU2015483A (en) 1984-04-19
FR2534493A1 (en) 1984-04-20
US4554137A (en) 1985-11-19
FI74892B (en) 1987-12-31
FI833716A0 (en) 1983-10-12
ZA837622B (en) 1984-06-27
EP0107562A1 (en) 1984-05-02
CA1215547A (en) 1986-12-23
AU562923B2 (en) 1987-06-25

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