EP0107273B1 - Silencieux et cache-flammes pour armes à feu - Google Patents

Silencieux et cache-flammes pour armes à feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107273B1
EP0107273B1 EP83304161A EP83304161A EP0107273B1 EP 0107273 B1 EP0107273 B1 EP 0107273B1 EP 83304161 A EP83304161 A EP 83304161A EP 83304161 A EP83304161 A EP 83304161A EP 0107273 B1 EP0107273 B1 EP 0107273B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
interior tube
suppressor
firearm
tube
muzzle
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Expired
Application number
EP83304161A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0107273A1 (fr
Inventor
Jr Donald J. Walsh
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT83304161T priority Critical patent/ATE30955T1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/30—Silencers

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with sound suppressors and flash attenuators for firearms, suitable for both single barrelled weapons and for multibarrelled revolving cannons.
  • baffles located in an outer casing or housing. These baffles may be perpendicular to the bore, conical (usually rearward-slanting), or helical. The spacing between the baffles provides discrete expansion chambers.
  • a somewhat different, but structurally similar approach includes packing the outer casing with washer-like members, cut from, for example, woven wire screen mesh or compressed knitted wire mesh.
  • the above types of silencers have a central bore for passage of the projectile. This bore is larger than the projectile to preclude contact between the silencer and the projectile which could result in loss of accuracy and damage to the silencer.
  • baffle-type silencers are difficult and expensive to manufacture, which has significantly limited their utilization. This difficulty is due to the conflicting requirement of minimum clearance for the projectile to yield maximum attenuation, and the multiplicative tolerances of the components which must be maintained to ensure alignment along these lines (see pages 23 and 54 of AMF Final Report Phase III, Paladin Press).
  • These types of suppressors suffer from the disadvantage of being relatively heavy. Such suppressors are unlikely to be interchangeable between guns of the same model and can be easily misaligned by rough handling in the field. For the most part, these suppressors have to be custom made and fitted for any particular weapon.
  • the wire screen washer packed silencer performs well, both accoustically and as a muzzle flash reducer, when initially installed. The good performance is believed to be due to the rapid heat exchange between the propellant gases and the large surface area of conductive metal.
  • Such silencers are generally more efficient on a volume basis and for a given projectile clearance than baffle silencers. Accordingly, those types of silencers can be smaller than baffle silencers while achieving similar performance.
  • a gun silencer having an outer housing and an interior hollow tube perforated with a plurality of ports.
  • the inside diameter of the hollow tube is shown equal to the inside diameter of the gun barrel bore, i.e. equal to the projectile diameter.
  • the projectile is in full contact with the inner tube at all times (except for the funnel shaped short section at the muzzle).
  • a sound suppressor adapted to be mounted on a firearm comprises an outer housing, an interior hollow tube located within the outer housing and extending at least substantially the length of the housing which is adapted to be forward of the muzzle of a firearm to which the silencer is to be attached, wherein the interior tube is adapted to receive a projectile discharged from the firing chamber of the firearm, the interior tube being perforated with a plurality of rows of ports, and a spacing between the housing and the tube characterised in that the minimum diameter of the ports is at least about 50% of the inside diameter of the interior tube, in that the minimum thickness of the wall of the interior tube is at least 3.2 mm (1/8 inch), and in that the interior tube has a bore larger than the bore of the muzzle of a firearm to which the silencer is to be attached to thereby provide clearance for the projectile.
  • Such a sound suppressor is useful for attenuation of flash and blast for a wide assortment of small arms. Moreover, the sound suppressor is useful for recoil attenuation for various small arms.
  • Such a silencer also performs better as compared to prior art silencers for a given silencer volume. Accordingly, a relatively greater amount of clearance for the bullet can be employed for a given silencer volume and/or desired level of performance.
  • the spacing is either substantially (e.g. less than about 2% of the volume occupied), if not entirely, free from packing material, or packing is located within the spacing.
  • the space between the outer housing and inner tube is divided into multiple radially extending chambers, such as by providing at least one radially extending wall or partition.
  • the sound suppressor suitably has a thin walled outer tubular shell or housing, the interior tube having walls thicker than the walls of the shell.
  • the interior tube has radial ports, and as used herein, "radial" means simply transverse to the axis of the interior tube, but not necessarily normal to that axis.
  • means are provided for directly attaching the interior tube to the muzzle of the weapon, whereby the axis of the barrel is at least substantially aligned with the axis of the interior tube.
  • the volume between the outer and interior tube can include baffle material and/or at least one radially extending partition.
  • a sound suppressed firearm has a barrel with a bore and a silencer, wherein the silencer has an outer housing and an interior tube, the interior tube having radial perforations and a bore larger than the bore of the muzzle of the barrel of the firearm to thereby provide clearance for a projectile, means between the outer wall and interior tube to define a volume therebetween, and means for directly attaching the interior tube to the muzzle of the barrel of the firearm, whereby the axis of the barrel is sufficiently aligned with the axis of the interior tube so that the interior tube is capable of receiving the projectile from the barrel characterised in that the minimum diameter of the ports is at least about 50 percent of the inside diameter of the interior tube, in that the minimum thickness of the wall of the interior tube is at least 3.2 mm, and in that the interior tube has walls which are thicker than the walls of the housing.
  • a method of fabricating the sound suppressor comprises providing a relatively thick walled interior tube having radial perforations and a bore larger than the bore of the muzzle of the firearm to which the silencer is to be attached to thereby provide clearance for a projectile, wrapping knitted metallic fabric around the outside diameter of the interior tube, and enclosing the wrapped interior tube within a thin walled outer shell having walls thinner than the walls of the interior tube.
  • the silencer comprises an outer housing or tubular outer shell 1, which preferably is a relatively thin walled high temperature resistance tube of at least about 1 mm (0.040 inch) wall thickness and preferably about 1.6 mm to 3.2 mm (1/16 to about 1/8 inches).
  • the outside diameter of housing 1 is generally about 32 mm to 102 mm (1: inches to about 4 inches).
  • materials which are suitable for housing 1 include aluminum, steel such as chrome-moly steel and plastics.
  • the outer shell is preferably imperforate and has enough strength for resisting blast pressures.
  • the length of housing 1 is about 127 mm to about 635 mm and preferably about 203 mm to about 381 mm.
  • small arms means weapons having bore diameters in the range of 4.3 mm to 40 mm.
  • housing 1 also can extend or telescope back over the barrel 2 of the firearm when the silencer is attached. This is of particular advantage when the volume between the outer shell and inner tube is partitioned into two or more sections, by radially extending walls 3, as illustrated in Figure 3. Walls 3 preferably are imperforate. Housing 1 can be concentric with or radially offset below the top of the barrel so as not to interfere with the line of sight of the firearm.
  • End caps 4 and 5 are provided to space housing 1 from an interior tube 6 and have sufficient strength to resist blast pressure.
  • the end caps 4 and 5 are preferably attached by threaded joints, as illustrated.
  • the interior tube 6 has a bore 7 with a length and diameter adequate to pass a projectile from a muzzle of a barrel 2.
  • the diameter of bore 7 is larger than the bore of barrel 2, to provide a clearance for the bullet or projectile.
  • the bore 7 is large enough so that when the interior tube 6 is screwed onto a muzzle of a firearm having the maximum anticipated misalignment of the axis of its end threads 8 from the axis of the barrel 2, a bullet can still pass through the interior tube 6 without contact.
  • the inner tube generally has a total clearance of about 0.25 mm to about 1.3 mm for the bullet to pass.
  • the total clearance for the silencer of the present invention can be larger for a given silencer volume and/or desired level of performance than the total clearance for prior art silencers.
  • tube 6 is made from seamless aluminum or steel having an axial straightness of about 0.4 mm/m (0.005"/ft).
  • the end caps 4 and 5 and housing 1 are not involved in alignment of the suppressor of the present invention but as stated above are for containment of the muzzle blast. Accordingly, the outer housing 1 may be made eccentric to the bore, which may be required to clear the line of sight of a weapon, and which would be difficult to do with other silencers. Likewise, the outer housing may be rectangular or square or any other geometry required for novel applications without affecting the alignment of the silencer or the ease of manufacture.
  • a special case is the sound suppressor for multibarrel guns such as revolving cannons as per the 200 mm Vulcan and 25 mm GE GAU-12/U Equalizer.
  • Such weapons fire powerful ammunition at high rates and conventional baffle suppressors would be complex and expensive to build for them.
  • an inner core tube affixed to each barrel, properly aligned with the bore and attached either to the muzzle Q r to the muzzle clamp, encased with the other inner tubes in a common housing is a simple, effective solution.
  • Back blast through the open bolts of the non-firing barrels from the common housing can be prevented by the use of a star-shaped divider to give individually packed discrete expansion chambers.
  • the front cap can be held on by castle nuts threaded onto the central tubes.
  • Such an assembly presents no problems even when such multibarrel revolving weapons are arranged with the muzzle clamp in such a manner as to deliver a slightly fan shaped cone of fire, or the barrels converge slightly toward a central axis so that the cone of fire converges at a set distance downrange (as is common on the Anti-aircraft weapons of this type).
  • Sound suppressors of this type are useful for helicopter gunships equipped with such revolving cannon, to reduce flash and noise, improve night vision and radio communications, and on jet aircraft employing such weapons in fixed pods, where the muzzle blast can be sucked into the jet intake and cause flameout.
  • the present invention is intended to encompass providing one or a plurality of inner tubes of the type defined hereinwithin the outer shell 1.
  • Inner tube 6 is perforated by a number of groups of radially extending ports 9.
  • the ports or holes 9 can be any desired shape, and are preferably substantially circular for ease of manufacture.
  • the ports 9 are preferably angled at about 30° to about 60° and most preferably about 30° to about 45° to the axis of inner tube 6, back towards the muzzle of the firearms to which the silencer is to be attached.
  • the ports 9 can be set over a wide range of angles including perpendicular to the tube axis and leaning towards the outlet end of the silencer. This latter arrangement may be advantageous in a silencer for a shotgun to prevent pellets from being trapped.
  • inner tube 6 includes at least three groups of radially extending ports 9 and preferably at least about four to six groups and typically up to about 12 to about 20 groups of four ports each.
  • the size of the ports is such that the diameter along any central axis of a port is at least about 50% of the inside diameter of interior tube 6, preferably at least about 75% of the inside diameter of tube 6.
  • Most preferably the diameter of ports in tube 6 is about 1 to about 1.5 times the inside diameter of tube 6.
  • the maximum diameter of ports is about 2xthe inside diameter of the tube 6.
  • the minimum thickness of material between adjacent ports 9 must be sufficient to permit the tube to maintain its structural mechanical stability. In general, no portion of a port will overlap or underlap an adjacent coaxial port. Also usually, the spacing of axially-aligned holes from the center of one to the center of the next adjacent hole is at least about 1.1 times the diameter of the holes, and preferably is about 1.6 times the diameter of the holes.
  • the configuration of the rows of the ports 9 can vary greatly. One example includes a port through the top, a corresponding port through the bottom of the tube, and two ports about 90° offset from the ports through the top and bottom each extending through one side of the tube 3.
  • FIG. 2 Such a configuration is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • FIG. 3 Another example includes a port through the top and a port through the bottom of the tube, and axially spaced therefrom two ports rotated about 90°, each extending through one side of the tube as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • Ports 9 can also be arranged along spiral paths around interior tube 6, so long as adequate strength is maintained.
  • Ports 9 divert the muzzle blast gases outward toward the volume between inner tube 6 and outer housing 1.
  • the ports make it possible for the silencer to include a relatively large radial clearance within the inner tube to accommodate misalignment and still be an effective silencer.
  • the inner tube is constructed so that in the unlikely event a bullet strikes its interior, the tube will have sufficient strength to deflect it and prevent it from exiting through the side of the silencer.
  • the inner tube is made of a high strength material such as seamless drawn or extruded aircraft tubing of for instance steel or aluminum with a relatively thick wall.
  • the wall is generally thicker than the wall of the outer housing.
  • the minimum thickness at least where perforated is generally at least about 1/8 inch and is usually at least about 25% of the inside diameter of tube 6.
  • the minimum thickness of the wall is the lesser of about 50% the inside diameter of the inner tube 6 or at least 4.8 mm (3/16 inch).
  • the maximum thickness of the wall of tube 6 is approximately equal to the inside diameter of tube 6 preferably about 75% of the inside diameter of tube 6 and most preferably about 65% of the inside diameter of tube 6.
  • the radial spacing 10 between the inner tube or each tube or chamber of a multibarrel silencer and outer housing is such that the ratio of the total free volume between tube 6 and housing 1, including the volume of bores 9, to the volume of the bore of barrel 2 is in the range of about 10:1 to about 40:1 and preferably about 20:1 to about 30:1.
  • the silencers of the present invention provide a larger free volume as compared to baffle-type suppressors of the equivalent size and weight.
  • packing material or baffle material 11 can be included between tube 6 and housing 1.
  • This packing material can include screen, steel wool, fibreglass, metal bearings, and preferably knitted metallic fabric of the Metex Corporation type known for use in silencers not having an inner tube.
  • the packing is preferably of a conductive alloy with good corrosion resistance such as phosphor bronze or beryllium copper.
  • the packing 11 or baffle screening is wrapped around inner tube 2 with an initial metal to air density of about 5-15%.
  • the knitted metal is compressed by the blast pressure usually to a density of about 30 to 40%. Surprisingly, however, the compression does not result in a permanent degradation of performance.
  • Those embodiments which include packaging demonstrate the best performance with respect to flash attenuation and in fact usually result in complete flash reduction.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment wherein radial partitions 3 are provided between the inner tube 6 and housing 1 to form a plurality of chambers (packed and/or unpacked).
  • 4 partitions are used.
  • Preferably one partition about midway is employed.
  • the partitions can be threaded onto interior tube 6 or welded to both interior tube 6 and outer housing 1.
  • the partitions may be solid or perforated to control gas flow from chamber to chamber. The purpose is to keep some mesh closer to the muzzle so that the quenching of the muzzle blast flame-front at a point of greatest efficiency is unimpaired. This prevents secondary ignition and muzzle flash.
  • the space is divided into two approximately equal chambers with the packing in only the near chamber closest the muzzle of the weapon.
  • the following decibel data was recorded from the silencer arrangements discussed below for a M16AI weapon. All of the silencers are about 203 mm long.
  • the packing when used is the preferred knitted metallic fabric wrapped around the inner tube to about 5-8% density of metal to air.
  • the inner tubes had an outside diameter of about 19 mm and inside diameter of about 6 mm.
  • the outside diameter of the housing was about 44 mm.
  • the holes are equally spaced and are in the configuration shown in Figure 3.
  • the unpacked single chamber version is about 5 to 7 dB better than that of the Sionics, Hel M4 or FA-XM M16 suppressors or several current commercial suppressors for the same caliber, and of the same or larger size and/or weight.
  • the partitioning of the chamber into two chambers cut the noise in half (e.g., -10 dB effectively means half the loudness).
  • the presence of packing in the front chamber of a two chamber silencer has a deleterious effect on noise reduction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Claims (18)

1. Un dispositif d'atténuation du bruit adapté pour être monté sur une arme à feu comprenant un boîtier externe, un tube creux interne situé à l'intérieur du boîtier externe et s'étendant au moins sensiblement sur la longueur du boîtier qui est adapté pour être en avant de la bouche d'une arme à feu à laquelle le silencieux peut être attaché, dans lequel le tube interne est adapté pour recevoir un projectile déchargé à partir de la chambre de mise à feu de l'arme à feu, le tube interne étant perforé d'une pluralité de rangées d'orifices, et un espace entre le boîtier et le tube caractérisé en ce que le diamètre minimal des orifices (9) est d'au moins environ 50% du diamètre intérieur du tube interne (6), en ce que l'épaisseur minimale de la paroi du tube interne est d'au moins 3,2 mm, et en ce que le tube interne comporte un alésage plus grand que l'alésage de la bouche d'une arme à feu (2) à laquelle le silencieux doit être attaché pour créer ainsi un dégagement pour le projectile.
2. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon la revendication 1 dans lequel l'espace (10) est sensiblement dépourvu de matériaux de garniture.
3. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon la revendication 1 dans lequel le matériau de garniture (11) est situé à l'intérieur de l'espace (10).
4. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel l'espace (10) est divisé en une pluralité de chambres par au moins une cloison s'étendant radialement (3).
5. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon la revendication 4 dans lequel il y a deux chambres.
6. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon la revendication 4 dans lequel une cloison s'étendant radialement est prévue dans l'espace (10) et dans lequel la cloison est située environ à la moitié de la longueur du dispositif d'atténuation adapté pour être en avant de la bouche de l'arme à feu sur laquelle le dispositif d'atténuation doit être monté.
7. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le dispositif d'atténuation est adapté pour se rétracter en télescope au-dessus de la bouche de l'arme à feu sur laquelle le dispositif d'atténuation doit être attaché.
8. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le diamètre minimal des orifices (9) est d'au moins environ 75% du diamètre intérieur du tube interne 6.
9. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le diamètre minimal des orifices (9) est d'environ 1 à environ 1,5 fois le diamètre intérieur du tube interne (6).
10. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel les orifices (9) sont à un angle d'environ 30° à environ 60° vers l'arrière par rapport à la bouche de l'arme à feu sur laquelle le dispositif d'atténuation doit être attaché.
11. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel l'épaisseur maximale de la paroi du tube interne (6) est environ égale au diamètre intérieur du tube interne (6).
12. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel l'épassieur minimale de la paroi du tube interne (6) est d'au moins 4,8 mm.
13. Un dispositif d'atténuation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le tube interne (6) comporte des filets (8) qui s'accouplent directement avec des filets sur la bouche de l'arme à feu sur laquelle le dispositif d'atténuation soit être attaché.
14. Une arme à feu dont le bruit est atténué ayant un canon avec un alésage et un silencieux, dans laquelle le silencieux comporte un boîtier externe et un tube interne, le tube interne ayant des orifices radiaux et un alésage plus grand que l'alésage de la bouche du canon de l'arme à feu pour créer ainsi un dégagement pour le projectile, des moyens entre la paroi externe et le tube interne pour définir un volume entre les deux et des moyens pour attacher directement le tube interne à la bouche du canon de l'arme à feu, par lesquels l'axe du canon est aligné suffisamment avec l'axe du tube interne de manière que le tube interne soit capable de recevoir le projectile à partir du canon, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre minimal des orifices (9) est d'au moins environ 50% du diamètre intérieur du tube interne (6) en ce que l'épaisseur minimale de la paroi du tube interne est d'au moins 3,2 mm, et en ce que le tube interne a des parois qui sont plus épaisses que les parois du boîtier externe (1).
15. Une arme à feu selon la revendication 14 dans laquelle le silencieux est un dispositif d'atténuation du son selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13.
16. Un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif d'atténuation du son selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13 comprenant les étapes de fournir un tube interne à parois ayant des perforations radiales et un alésage plus grand que l'alésage de la bouche de l'arme à feu sur laquelle le silencieux doit être attaché pour créer ainsi un dégagement pour un projectile, et d'enclore le tube interne à l'intérieur d'un boîtier externe ayant des parois plus minces que les parois du tube interne.
17. Un procédé selon la revendication 16, dans lequel un tissu métallique tricoté est enveloppé autour du diamètre extérieur du tube interne.
18. Un procédé selon la revendication 17 dans lequel le tissu enveloppé fournit une garniture métallique jusqu'à une densité d'environ 5 à 15%.
EP83304161A 1982-07-30 1983-07-18 Silencieux et cache-flammes pour armes à feu Expired EP0107273B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83304161T ATE30955T1 (de) 1982-07-30 1983-07-18 Schall- und muendungsfeuerdaempfer fuer feuerwaffen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40344582A 1982-07-30 1982-07-30
US403445 1982-07-30

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EP0107273A1 EP0107273A1 (fr) 1984-05-02
EP0107273B1 true EP0107273B1 (fr) 1987-11-19

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EP83304161A Expired EP0107273B1 (fr) 1982-07-30 1983-07-18 Silencieux et cache-flammes pour armes à feu

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DE (1) DE3374593D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO311593B1 (no) 2000-02-15 2001-12-10 Dueland Bent Arild Lyddemper for skytevåpen
DE102011010639B4 (de) * 2011-02-09 2015-07-23 Oliver Fischer Schalldämpfer für eine Handfeuerwaffe
FR3047347B1 (fr) * 2016-02-02 2018-02-02 Fcd Module d'absorption d'une onde sonore et dispositif le comprenant
NO343475B1 (no) * 2017-03-30 2019-03-25 A Tec Holding As Lyddemper
DE202021100490U1 (de) * 2021-02-01 2021-03-23 IBB Industrie Beteiligung und Beratung GmbH & Co. KG Schalldämpfer für Schusswaffen
CA3224053A1 (fr) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Trifon Ganchev GIDIKOV Silencieux

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR401168A (fr) * 1908-03-25 1909-08-20 Hiram Stevens Maxim Dispositif perfectionné pour atténuer le bruit de la décharge des armes à feu
DE222489C (fr) * 1908-12-04
US2448382A (en) * 1944-10-26 1948-08-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Silencer
US2503491A (en) * 1948-03-29 1950-04-11 Janz Robert Gun silencer, including side branch chamber

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DEUTSCHES WAFFENJOURNAL, vol. 6, no. 6, June 1970, pages 468-471, Journal Verlag Schwend GmbH, Schwäbisch Hall, DE, S.F. HÜBNER: "2. Kapitel Schalldämpferprinzipe" *

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EP0107273A1 (fr) 1984-05-02
ATE30955T1 (de) 1987-12-15
DE3374593D1 (en) 1987-12-23

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