EP0105570A1 - Method and apparatus for removing mud from below an underwater construction - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for removing mud from below an underwater construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0105570A1 EP0105570A1 EP83201431A EP83201431A EP0105570A1 EP 0105570 A1 EP0105570 A1 EP 0105570A1 EP 83201431 A EP83201431 A EP 83201431A EP 83201431 A EP83201431 A EP 83201431A EP 0105570 A1 EP0105570 A1 EP 0105570A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- air
- mud
- construction
- moved
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/003—Mechanically induced gas or liquid streams in seas, lakes or water-courses for forming weirs or breakwaters; making or keeping water surfaces free from ice, aerating or circulating water, e.g. screens of air-bubbles against sludge formation or salt water entry, pump-assisted water circulation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/28—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways
- E02F5/287—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways with jet nozzles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for removing mud from below an under water construction.
- Constructions which have to be placed upon the bottom of a water are, notwithstanding whether preparation of the bottom did took place of not, mostly placed on a tempory support, after which a hard supporting layer is applied in the space below the underside of the construction and the rigid bottom, which hard layer dependent from the circumstances can comprise a gravel layer, a sand layer, a mixture of sand and grout, or bags which can be filled under pressure with grout or the like.
- a mud layer has been formed in the small intermediate space between bottom and underside of the construction, which layer has to be removed first.
- Purpose of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus as well by means of which mud can be removed relatively quick in a very simple way.
- this is in the first placed achieved in that a gaseous medium is injected into the mud by means of a device which is moved through the mud layer such that said layer.is gradually fluidized.
- a gaseous medium is injected into the mud by means of a device which is moved through the mud layer such that said layer.is gradually fluidized.
- An example of a construction where the problems of mud deposits can occur is formed by a tunnel section which has been lowered upon a tempory support.
- the invention provides that a tube provided with openings is inserted in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the construction through the mud layer, said tube having outlet openings for air over a portion which is ' substantially equal to the width of the construction, to which tube air is supplied while the tube is moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
- Such a tube easily can be inserted below a construction e.g. formed by a tunnel section and subsequently can be dragged through the mud layer in the direction of the longitudinal axis whilst simultaneously air under pressure is supplied. In this way it is possible to free the space from mud during one single passage.
- the tube can extend at an angle with the longitudinal axis of the construction, which has the result that the air bubbles generate a flow towards one side.
- the air jets are directed obliquely forwardly and downwardly seen in the direction of advancement.
- the angular position preferably is between 13 to 18° with respect to the vertical. Very good results are obtained with an angular position of 45°.
- the angular position is adjustable to enable adaptation to the composition of the mud.
- a second tube is provided behind the tube operating on the mud layer with air jets, which second tube is moved synchroneously with the first tube and by means of which second tube a screen of air bubbles is generated.
- This screen takes care that the mud fluidized by the desintegrating air jets, escapes laterally and not rearwardly. As far as it tries to escape rearwardly the flow generated by the air screen will take away the particles. Forwardly an escape is prevented by the mud layer which has not yet been desintegrated by the air jets.
- the invention also deals with an apparatus for applying a method according to the invention and .
- said apparatus may comprise a tube having a row of outlet openings and having a connecting hose for pressurized air, which tube at the outer ends has circular guiding flanges to which drawing members are connected by means of which the angular position of the outlet openings is adjustable.
- the circular guiding flanges form slitches which by the drawing members connected to them are prevented from rolling so that the one adjusted annular position of the air outflow openings is .guaranteed.
- the tube is bent V-shaped with the point of the V directed into the direction of movement.
- a slide shoe At the location of the point of the V preferably a slide shoe has been provided.
- a second tube is applied for generating an air screen, then said tube preferably is connected to the first tube and has upwardly directed outflow openings.
- Figure 1 shows a sand layer 1 which may form the bottom of a river or other water, whilst with 2 the lower side has been indicated of a construction e.g. a tunnel section. In the shape between 1 and 2 a mud mass 3 is present.
- a tube 4 is inserted into said mud mass said tube being provided with a row of outflow openings 5 directed obliquely forwardly and downwardly as seen in the direction of movement 6.
- the air leaving the outflow openings 5 desintegrates the mud layer and whirls it, whilst the air bubbles 7 which rise take with them the loosened particles.
- Said air bubbles generate an upwardly directed flow which impinges against the lower side 2 of the construction and then escapes laterally as indicated with the arrows 8 and 9. This escape of course also takes place in the longitudinal direction of the tube and accordingly transverse to the plane of the drawing and transverse to the direction of movement.
- Figure 2 shows the same device as figure 1 with however added to tube 4 a second tube 10 placed behind it as seen in the direction of movement and having outflow openings 11 at the top from which also an air flow can escape.
- Said air flow generates an air bubble screen 12 which also impinges against the lower side of the construction 2 and spreads in all directions.
- This flow has a portion 13 which is directed forwardly and meets the flow generated by the air bubbles 7 leaving tube 4. Due to this a flow is generated transverse to the plane of the drawing and to a restricted degree in forward direction.
- Figures 3 and 4 show a tunnel section 13 placed upon a tempory support 14 and 15.
- the apparatus by means of which said mud now is removed according to the invention comprises a tube 4 which at the ends extending outside the width of the tunnel section 13 has been provided with circular flanges 16 and 17 and which within the width of the lower side of the tunnel section 13 has been provided with outflow openings 5.
- the tube is closed at one end and at the other end connected to a hose 18 for air under pressure. If said tube is moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis which means in the direction of the arrow 6, then the mud layer 3 gradually will be fluidized and therewith removed.
- Figure 5 shows an end view of the tube 4 with flange 16 and openings 5.
- Two rods 19 and 20 are pivotably connected to the flange at 21 and 22 the rod 20 by means of a pin at 23 being secured in one of the holds 24 of the rod 19.
- the direction of flow of the openings 5 is brought into a certain angular position which is not changed when the rod 19 is dragged in horizontal direction so that it can slide over the sand layer with the flanges 16 and 17 respectively.
- the tube as shown in figure 6 also can be made V-shaped having at both outer ends slide shoes 25, 26 as well as a central slide shoe 27.
- the width of the tunnel section has been indicated in figure 6 with the lines 13.
- Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which the tube 28 extends at an angle to the direction of movement 6 having slide shoes 29, 30 at the outer ends.
- the tube can be moved with the speed of e.g. 0.20 meter per minute or less.
- a higher speed is possible as well, however, e.g. of the magnitude of 0,35 meter per minute.
- the escaping quantity of air can change and can be adjusted between a quantity of 1000 to 4000 liters per minute.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method for removing mud from below an under water construction.
- Constructions which have to be placed upon the bottom of a water are, notwithstanding whether preparation of the bottom did took place of not, mostly placed on a tempory support, after which a hard supporting layer is applied in the space below the underside of the construction and the rigid bottom, which hard layer dependent from the circumstances can comprise a gravel layer, a sand layer, a mixture of sand and grout, or bags which can be filled under pressure with grout or the like. When one has to start said operations very often a mud layer has been formed in the small intermediate space between bottom and underside of the construction, which layer has to be removed first. It is known to do this with the aid of a suction conduit and suction pump, the mouth of the sunction conduit being inserted into the narrow space to suck away in this manner the mass of mud. Said known method is very complicate and insufficiently effective, in particular there where it is difficult to cover sufficiently the narrow space with the suction mouth.
- Purpose of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus as well by means of which mud can be removed relatively quick in a very simple way.
- According to the invention this is is in the first placed achieved in that a gaseous medium is injected into the mud by means of a device which is moved through the mud layer such that said layer.is gradually fluidized. By supplying air in sufficiently amount and with sufficient pressure at the correct way over a sufficiently large area the mud layer is broken open and divided into small particles which are taken away by the current generated by the air bubbles. Said air bubbles flow along the underside of the construction towards the place where they can escape upwardly and they take with them mud particles. If this takes place in a waterflow, such as a river, then the mud particles are moved away t automatically to be settled somewhere else. If this takes place in stationary water, then the mud particles will be fed upwardly adjacent to the construction, come to rest there and will settle again in which case, however, they only settle down upon the upper surface of the construction and next to the construction and accordingly no longer in the space which has to be filled with a hard layer.
- An example of a construction where the problems of mud deposits can occur is formed by a tunnel section which has been lowered upon a tempory support. For removing mud from below a construction having a length larger than the width the invention provides that a tube provided with openings is inserted in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the construction through the mud layer, said tube having outlet openings for air over a portion which is' substantially equal to the width of the construction, to which tube air is supplied while the tube is moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
- Such a tube easily can be inserted below a construction e.g. formed by a tunnel section and subsequently can be dragged through the mud layer in the direction of the longitudinal axis whilst simultaneously air under pressure is supplied. In this way it is possible to free the space from mud during one single passage.
- If so desired the tube can extend at an angle with the longitudinal axis of the construction, which has the result that the air bubbles generate a flow towards one side.
- Preferably the air jets are directed obliquely forwardly and downwardly seen in the direction of advancement.
- The angular position preferably is between 13 to 18° with respect to the vertical. Very good results are obtained with an angular position of 45°. Preferably the angular position is adjustable to enable adaptation to the composition of the mud.
- According to the invention it further can be useful if, seen in the direction of movement, a second tube is provided behind the tube operating on the mud layer with air jets, which second tube is moved synchroneously with the first tube and by means of which second tube a screen of air bubbles is generated. This screen takes care that the mud fluidized by the desintegrating air jets, escapes laterally and not rearwardly. As far as it tries to escape rearwardly the flow generated by the air screen will take away the particles. Forwardly an escape is prevented by the mud layer which has not yet been desintegrated by the air jets.
- The invention also deals with an apparatus for applying a method according to the invention and .said apparatus may comprise a tube having a row of outlet openings and having a connecting hose for pressurized air, which tube at the outer ends has circular guiding flanges to which drawing members are connected by means of which the angular position of the outlet openings is adjustable. The circular guiding flanges form slitches which by the drawing members connected to them are prevented from rolling so that the one adjusted annular position of the air outflow openings is .guaranteed.
- It is possible as well to make the apparatus such that the tube is bent V-shaped with the point of the V directed into the direction of movement. At the location of the point of the V preferably a slide shoe has been provided.
- If a second tube is applied for generating an air screen, then said tube preferably is connected to the first tube and has upwardly directed outflow openings.
- It is observed that it is well known in the art of the maintenance of lakes or rivers to lower a tube onto the bottom of the water which tube has been provided with air outlet openings and into which air under pressure is supplied and which tube can be moved over the bottom by means such as a vessel. Examples are found in
French patent specification 23 031 23 and U.S. patent specification 3,698,193. Said prior publications deal with the situation in an open environment in which there are no problems with respect to the accessibility of the mud layer. It might be astonishing that experts knowing how to remove mud layers in rivers and ponds by means of aeriation or suction never considered the possibility how to act in a more efficient way and design a more effective apparatus for removing mud layers hidden below an under water construction. - The invention now will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings.
-
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of the principle of the invention.
- Figure 2 in the same way as figure 1 shows an alternative of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a top view showing the use of the apparatus according to the invention at a tunnel section.
- Figure 4 is a side view of figure 3.
- Figure 5 schematically shows the coupling of adjustable drawing members for the apparatus shown in figures 3 and 4.
- Figure 6 is a top view of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention and
- figure 7 shows a third embodiment.
- Figure 1 shows a
sand layer 1 which may form the bottom of a river or other water, whilst with 2 the lower side has been indicated of a construction e.g. a tunnel section. In the shape between 1 and 2 amud mass 3 is present. - According to the invention a
tube 4 is inserted into said mud mass said tube being provided with a row ofoutflow openings 5 directed obliquely forwardly and downwardly as seen in the direction ofmovement 6. The air leaving theoutflow openings 5 desintegrates the mud layer and whirls it, whilst the air bubbles 7 which rise take with them the loosened particles. Said air bubbles generate an upwardly directed flow which impinges against thelower side 2 of the construction and then escapes laterally as indicated with thearrows 8 and 9. This escape of course also takes place in the longitudinal direction of the tube and accordingly transverse to the plane of the drawing and transverse to the direction of movement. - Figure 2 shows the same device as figure 1 with however added to tube 4 a
second tube 10 placed behind it as seen in the direction of movement and havingoutflow openings 11 at the top from which also an air flow can escape. Said air flow generates anair bubble screen 12 which also impinges against the lower side of theconstruction 2 and spreads in all directions. This flow has aportion 13 which is directed forwardly and meets the flow generated by the air bubbles 7 leavingtube 4. Due to this a flow is generated transverse to the plane of the drawing and to a restricted degree in forward direction. - Figures 3 and 4 show a
tunnel section 13 placed upon atempory support space 3 between thesand layer 1 and thelower side 2 of the tunnel section there is mud. The apparatus by means of which said mud now is removed according to the invention comprises atube 4 which at the ends extending outside the width of thetunnel section 13 has been provided withcircular flanges 16 and 17 and which within the width of the lower side of thetunnel section 13 has been provided withoutflow openings 5. The tube is closed at one end and at the other end connected to ahose 18 for air under pressure. If said tube is moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis which means in the direction of thearrow 6, then themud layer 3 gradually will be fluidized and therewith removed. - Figure 5 shows an end view of the
tube 4 withflange 16 andopenings 5. Tworods rod 20 by means of a pin at 23 being secured in one of theholds 24 of therod 19. By the choice of one of the holes the direction of flow of theopenings 5 is brought into a certain angular position which is not changed when therod 19 is dragged in horizontal direction so that it can slide over the sand layer with theflanges 16 and 17 respectively. - The tube as shown in figure 6 also can be made V-shaped having at both outer
ends slide shoes central slide shoe 27. - The width of the tunnel section has been indicated in figure 6 with the
lines 13. - Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which the
tube 28 extends at an angle to the direction ofmovement 6 havingslide shoes - It is observed that the tube can be moved with the speed of e.g. 0.20 meter per minute or less. A higher speed is possible as well, however, e.g. of the magnitude of 0,35 meter per minute.
- The escaping quantity of air can change and can be adjusted between a quantity of 1000 to 4000 liters per minute.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83201431T ATE18783T1 (en) | 1982-10-05 | 1983-10-05 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING MUD UNDER UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8203863A NL8203863A (en) | 1982-10-05 | 1982-10-05 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SLUDGE UNDER A WATER CONSTRUCTION |
NL8203863 | 1982-10-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0105570A1 true EP0105570A1 (en) | 1984-04-18 |
EP0105570B1 EP0105570B1 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
Family
ID=19840376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83201431A Expired EP0105570B1 (en) | 1982-10-05 | 1983-10-05 | Method and apparatus for removing mud from below an underwater construction |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0105570B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE18783T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3362703D1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8203863A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010072172A1 (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-07-01 | Lu Runian | Method for preventing silt by injection and diversion |
CN101768986B (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 河海大学 | Jet pipe used for dredging below hydraulic underwater horizontal gate and application method thereof |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2192115A (en) * | 1938-04-04 | 1940-02-27 | Elmer G Ware | Sediment remover |
GB830701A (en) * | 1956-09-13 | 1960-03-16 | Georg Schuback | Apparatus for isolating oil-polluted water surfaces and oil fires on the surface of water, especially in harbour basins |
US3461674A (en) * | 1967-01-20 | 1969-08-19 | Dow Chemical Co | River management |
US3698193A (en) | 1966-04-15 | 1972-10-17 | Stewart F Daymond | Conduits |
FR2303123A1 (en) | 1975-03-07 | 1976-10-01 | Guerineau Christiane | Dredging using skid mounted water spray bars towed by barge - allowing removal of emulsified silt by tide |
GB2038902A (en) * | 1979-01-04 | 1980-07-30 | Vnii Gidrotekh Meliorat | Machine for Cleaning Reclamation Channels from Deposits |
-
1982
- 1982-10-05 NL NL8203863A patent/NL8203863A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1983
- 1983-10-05 DE DE8383201431T patent/DE3362703D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-05 AT AT83201431T patent/ATE18783T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-10-05 EP EP83201431A patent/EP0105570B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2192115A (en) * | 1938-04-04 | 1940-02-27 | Elmer G Ware | Sediment remover |
GB830701A (en) * | 1956-09-13 | 1960-03-16 | Georg Schuback | Apparatus for isolating oil-polluted water surfaces and oil fires on the surface of water, especially in harbour basins |
US3698193A (en) | 1966-04-15 | 1972-10-17 | Stewart F Daymond | Conduits |
US3461674A (en) * | 1967-01-20 | 1969-08-19 | Dow Chemical Co | River management |
FR2303123A1 (en) | 1975-03-07 | 1976-10-01 | Guerineau Christiane | Dredging using skid mounted water spray bars towed by barge - allowing removal of emulsified silt by tide |
GB2038902A (en) * | 1979-01-04 | 1980-07-30 | Vnii Gidrotekh Meliorat | Machine for Cleaning Reclamation Channels from Deposits |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010072172A1 (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-07-01 | Lu Runian | Method for preventing silt by injection and diversion |
CN101768986B (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 河海大学 | Jet pipe used for dredging below hydraulic underwater horizontal gate and application method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8203863A (en) | 1984-05-01 |
EP0105570B1 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
ATE18783T1 (en) | 1986-04-15 |
DE3362703D1 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
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