EP0104810A2 - Toit plat à couverture et dispositifs de maintien - Google Patents

Toit plat à couverture et dispositifs de maintien Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104810A2
EP0104810A2 EP83305193A EP83305193A EP0104810A2 EP 0104810 A2 EP0104810 A2 EP 0104810A2 EP 83305193 A EP83305193 A EP 83305193A EP 83305193 A EP83305193 A EP 83305193A EP 0104810 A2 EP0104810 A2 EP 0104810A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
membrane
middle portion
peripheral portion
hold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83305193A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0104810A3 (fr
Inventor
Julian H. Otten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Uniroyal Inc
Original Assignee
Uniroyal Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uniroyal Inc filed Critical Uniroyal Inc
Publication of EP0104810A2 publication Critical patent/EP0104810A2/fr
Publication of EP0104810A3 publication Critical patent/EP0104810A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/14—Fastening means therefor
    • E04D5/144—Mechanical fastening means
    • E04D5/145—Discrete fastening means, e.g. discs or clips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/14—Fastening means therefor
    • E04D5/141—Fastening means therefor characterised by the location of the fastening means
    • E04D5/143—Fastening means therefor characterised by the location of the fastening means in the field of the flexible material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to flat roofs, and in particular to a roof of this class which includes a water-proof elastomeric sheet or membrane laid loosely flat over a roof deck and secured in place by means of a multiplicity of hold-down devices.
  • roofing installations utilizing water-proof elastomeric membranes on flat roofs are known in the art.
  • the term "flat roof” is herein used in its broadest sense, to designate any roof which is perfectly horizontal as well as any roof having a relatively gentle slope or pitch or a dome shape of relatively limited curvature.
  • a prime consideration is that, in addition to being watertight, the installation must be capable of withstanding adverse weather conditions and especially high winds which exert substantial uplift forces and tend to raise and tear the roofing membrane away from the underlying roof deck.
  • a number of different ways for securing the membrane in place have been heretofore proposed.
  • each of these known types of installations has a number of favorable features, each of them is also subject to one or more of a number of drawbacks and disadvantages.
  • the application of an adhesive to the membrane and/or to its support prior to the laying down of the membrane is in and of itself a messy operation and quite time-consuming and is rendered even more so, as well as expensive and cumbersome, where the requisite adhesive-acceptor blocks must first be installed and then individually coated with the adhesive.
  • non-adhesive installations where stones are used as ballast, the disposition thereof on the roof is obviously also a time-consuming and laborious task.
  • ballast With such a ballast the risk always exists that during adverse weather conditions characterized by high winds some of the ballast may itself be displaced and hurled about, thereby reducing its effectiveness as a hold-down device for the roofing membrane and possibly even causing injuries to persons or property.
  • these bars are usually quite long, on the order of about 6 feet (182.88 cm; 1.83 m) to 8 feet (243.84 cm; 2.44 m), and thus are not only heavy but also difficult to manipulate and position accurately. They also require correspondingly long strips of sealing material to be disposed between their undersides and the top surface of the underlying membrane, which requires yet additional expenditures of time, labor and money.
  • the principal objective of the present invention is to provide a flat roof installation which utilizes, in combination with a sheet or membrane that is made of a suitable elastomeric material such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or chlorinated PVC and is loosely laid down onto a roof deck or an associated insulation layer, a plurality of novel hold-down devices which are less expensive to manufacture than the known fastening bars and easier to manipulate as well, and which can be installed with less labor, at less cost and at considerably greater speeds than such bars.
  • a membrane-covered flat roof according to the present invention thus avoids the hereinbefore mentioned drawbacks and disadvantages of the known roofing installations, in that it can be completed more rapidly and with less effort and at less cost per unit area than any of such known installations.
  • the present invention provides, for use in a flat roof installation in which a water-impervious sheet or membrane of elastomeric material is loosely laid flat over a roof deck, a plurality of hold-down devices to secure the membrane to the roof deck, such hold-down devices including membrane-pressing members to be disposed on the membrane and .screw- or bolt-like fasteners to be driven through the members and the membrane down into the roof deck for gripping engagement therewith.
  • each of the membrane-pressing members comprises a disc which has a domed, downwardly concave, middle portion and a contiguous, surrounding, generally flat, transverse peripheral portion the width of which radially of the disc is equal to between about 25% and about 50% of the radius of the disc as a whole.
  • the shanks of the respective fasteners extend through the middle portions of the associated discs down into the roof deck, and the concave middle portion of each disc is filled with a sealant compatible with the elastomeric material of the membrane.
  • the sealant confined in the concavity of the disc is pressed into water-tight relation not only against the underlying membrane but both radially inwardly against the fastener and radially outwardly against (and to a certain extent possibly even under) the inner edge region of the peripheral portion of the disc.
  • the domed middle portion of the disc serves a dual function. On the one hand its underside concavity provides the space needed to accommodate the sealant. On the other it enhances the resistance of the disc to flexure and ensures that when the fastener is tightened down, the edge region of the disc does not rise up off the membrane (as it would if the disc were completely flat).
  • the maximum height of the domed portion (or alternatively the maximum depth of its concavity) with respect to the plane of the peripheral portion is equal to between about 15% and about 25% of the radius of the domed portion in the plane of the peripheral portion.
  • the hold-down devices may (and in the case of devices utilizing metal discs should) include an elastomeric gasket interposed between the peripheral portion of each disc and the underlying region of the membrane, the gasket preferably being in the form of a flat ring having inner and outer diameters approximately equal to those of the peripheral portion of the disc. It is contemplated that the gasket will be installed while the elastomeric material of which it is made is still in an uncured (or only partially cured) state, so that the gasket material will ultimately become cured in situ by the heat of the sun beating down on the roof and will thereby be vulcanized to either or both of the membrane and the disc.
  • Such a gasket which serves also to prevent water from penetrating in under the disc, leads to yet additional advantages, in that it serves to distribute the pressure of the peripheral disc portion over the underlying region of the membrane and, especially in the case of a metal disc, to prevent heat transfer from the disc to the membrane.
  • discs may be polygonal, elliptical or otherwise shaped as desired, it is preferred to use discs which are circular. Moreover, although it is contemplated that discs as small as about 6 inches (15.24 cm) in diameter and as large as about 13 inches (33.02 cm) in diameter can be used (as presently viewed, smaller discs would probably be ineffective and larger discs uneconomical), it is preferred to use discs which have a diameter in the range of from about 9 inches (22.86 cm) to about 12 inches (30.48 cm).
  • the discs at the lower end of the preferred size range have a peripheral portion with a radial width of about 1.25 inches (3.17 cm), while the discs at the upper end of the size range have a peripheral portion with a radial width of about 2.0 inches (5.08 cm), and in either case the maximum height of the domed middle portion of the disc (or alternatively the maximum depth of the concavity) with respect to the plane of the peripheral portion of the disc is between about 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) and about 0.75 inch (1.91 cm).
  • discs at the lower end of the size range will ordinarily be arranged at center-to-center spacings of about 4 feet (121.92 cm; 1.22 m), and that discs at the upper end of the size range will ordinarily be arranged at center-to-center spacings of about 6 feet (182.88 cm; 1.83 m).
  • disc size actually is not the only variable that could be taken into consideration in determining the requisite disc spacing in a particular installation.
  • a second variable that might be factored into the determination is the thickness of the membrane, with a thicker membrane enabling a greater disc spacing to be used for a given disc size than a thinner membrane and vice versa. In the selection of the above-mentioned disc spacings according to the present invention, however, this second variable has been ignored.
  • the discs of metal, such as galvanized sheet iron, stainless steel, aluminum, and the like, such discs being stamped from starting sheet metal with a thickness between about 22 gauge (0.03125 inch; 0.079 cm) and 26 gauge (0.0187 inch; 0.048 cm).
  • the discs may also be made of synthetic plastics materials such as polycarbonate, ABS, AES, and the like having suitable weathering resistance and strength (for example, a material which it is believed would be highly suitable is currently available commercially under the registered trademark ROVEL), although such discs would probably have to be somewhat thicker than comparable metal discs.
  • the roof deck may be made of any material usually used in such structures, for example, metal, concrete, gypsum, or wood, but the nature of this material has no significance with respect to the present invention except insofar as it dictates the nature of the fasteners to be used in connection with the hold-down devices for the membrane, as more fully described hereinafter.
  • the nature of the insulation which may be fibrous, foam, or the like, is of no significance to the present invention; in fact, the principles of the present invention are equally applicable to a roof having no insulation incorporated therein.
  • the membrane 11, which extends over the entire expanse of the roof deck 12 and is initially laid down loosely, i. e. without being adhered to the underlying insulation (or roof deck, as the case may be), may, in the case of a large roof area, consist of a plurality of sheets laid down side by side with a predetermined degree of overlap and possibly also seamed to each other.
  • the membrane is secured by nails or like fasteners (not shown) to wooden anchor bars 14, and the junctures of the roof with the building walls are additionally waterproofed by means of flashing 15 (not further illustrated or described in detail herein), as is usual in such installations.
  • each hold-down device 16 comprises a membrane-pressing member in the form of a circular disc 17 positioned on the membrane and having a domed, medially apertured, downwardly concave, middle portion 17a and a contiguous, surrounding, generally flat or planar, transverse peripheral portion 17b, and a screw- or bolt-like fastener 18 which extends from the middle portion of the disc down into the roof deck 12, an elastomeric gasket 19 being interposed between the peripheral portion 17b and the underlying region of the membrane 11, and a quantity of sealant 20 being confined in and filling the concavity or underside of the domed portion 17a.
  • the width r of the flat peripheral portion 17b of the disc 17 (see Fig. 3), measured radially of the latter, is equal to between about 25% and 50% of the radius R of the disc as a whole, while the height H of the domed middle portion 17a of the disc (see Fig. 6) above the plane of the peripheral portion is equal to between about 15% and 25% of the radius R' of the domed portion in the plane of the disc.
  • peripheral portion 17b of the disc in its starting state the peripheral portion 17b of the disc preferably is not truly located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the disc; rather, the outer edge of the peripheral portion lies in a plane which is slightly, on the order of magnitude of about 0.025 inch (0.064 cm), lower with respect to the top of the domed portion than the plane in which the inner edge of the peripheral portion lies.
  • This arrangement is intended to ensure that when the fastener 18 is tightened down, the disc will flex sufficiently to bring the peripheral portion into a fully planar state so as to bear fully and evenly on the gasket 19.
  • the fastener 18 in the case of a wooden roof deck the fastener 18 would be a wood screw, in the case of a metallic roof deck the fastener would be a self-tapping screw, and in the case of a concrete roof deck the fastener would be a screw with a special thread for concrete.
  • the fastener In the case of a gypsum or plaster roof deck 12' (see Fig. 4), of course, in which a screw will not hold, the fastener would be in the nature of a toggle bolt 18'.
  • the fastener will be a 3/8 inch (0.953 cm) diameter stainless steel screw or bolt having the capacity for withstanding at least 900 lbs. of tensile stress, and that the initial loading on the fastener should not exceed about 360 lbs. in the case of a disc at the lower end of the preferred size range and about 600 lbs. in the case of a disc at the upper end of the preferred size range.
  • the installation of the hold-down devices 16 can be carried out very easily and rapidly by even relatively unskilled labor, since the discs are relatively small and light in weight, can be transported in very compact and easy to handle packaging, and can be manipulated with very little effort, and there is only one fastener to be applied per disc.
  • the length of the fasteners must, of course, be sufficient to enable them to be driven sufficiently deeply into the structural roof deck 12 (or through it in the case of the fasteners 18') that they will be securely fastened to the roof deck and hold the discs 17 down against any reasonable upward force that may be exerted thereagainst.
  • the sealant 20, which is a tacky non-liquid material can be deposited in any suitable manner into the domed portions of the discs before the same are deposited onto the roof.
  • the gaskets 19 can be individually laid onto the membrane 11 before the discs 17 are placed thereover with the peripheral portions 17b superposed onto the gaskets, it would also be feasible, especially in view of the fact that the gaskets will initially be of uncured elastomeric material and hence rather tacky and capable of adhering to the material of the discs, to adhere each gasket directly to the underside of the peripheral portion 17b of its associated disc and then to deposit the entire assembly of disc, sealant and gasket in place onto the roof.
  • the sealant 20 under each disc will be tightly pressed not only radially inwardly against the shank of the associated fastener but also radially outwardly against the inner edge of the associated gasket 19, while escape of sealant upwardly through the aperture 17c is inhibited by the presence of the washer 21. Entry of water into the spaces under the discs thus is effectively inhibited.
  • the gaskets 19 when, after some passage of time and exposure to the heat of the sun, the gaskets 19 will have become fully cured, they will effectively be vulcanized to the underside of the peripheral disc portions 17b as well as to the upper surface of the underlying regions of the membrane 11, further enhancing the water tightness of the seals.
  • the membrane 11 has been identified as a sheet of non-porous elastomeric material.
  • a membrane as will be readily appreciated, has substantially no intrinsic insulating value. It is for this reason that it has been described as being laid onto a layer 13 of insulating material. It will be understood, of course, that in a case where insulation is not a requirement, such a membrane could be laid directly onto a structural roof deck without any intervening layer of insulation.
  • a membrane made of expanded or porous elastomeric material may be used.
  • Such a membrane could, if desired, be likewise laid directly onto a structural roof deck devoid of any layer of insulation. This would be acceptable even in a situation where insulation is desired, because the expanded elastomeric material would have an adequate intrinsic insulating capacity (commonly referred to as "R factor” or “R value”); this capacity must, however, then be sufficient to render the use of extraneous insulation unnecessary. In such a case, of course, the porosity of the membrane would have to be of the closed-cell type to ensure that water could not seep or filter through the membrane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
EP83305193A 1982-09-28 1983-09-07 Toit plat à couverture et dispositifs de maintien Withdrawn EP0104810A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42574082A 1982-09-28 1982-09-28
US425740 1982-09-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0104810A2 true EP0104810A2 (fr) 1984-04-04
EP0104810A3 EP0104810A3 (fr) 1984-09-05

Family

ID=23687825

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83305193A Withdrawn EP0104810A3 (fr) 1982-09-28 1983-09-07 Toit plat à couverture et dispositifs de maintien

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0104810A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5991258A (fr)
BR (1) BR8305219A (fr)
ES (1) ES284418Y (fr)
NO (1) NO833513L (fr)
ZA (1) ZA836651B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4649686A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-03-17 Carlisle Corporation High wind resistant membrane roof system
EP3128189A1 (fr) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-08 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'ancrage destiné à fixer un panneau isolant à une structure de bâtiment

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5319482B2 (ja) * 2009-10-15 2013-10-16 政弘 佐藤 防水性タッカーキャップ
GB201104974D0 (en) * 2011-03-24 2011-05-11 Uniline Safety Systems Ltd Fastening arrangement

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR39827E (fr) * 1931-01-29 1932-03-18 Dispositif d'accrochage des toitures en tôle ou fibro-ciment
GB420109A (en) * 1933-06-30 1934-11-26 Evelyn Hurden Improvements in or relating to means for securing roofing sheets or tiles to metal or timber supports
FR2170106A1 (fr) * 1972-02-01 1973-09-14 Elco Industries Inc
US3918233A (en) * 1973-02-27 1975-11-11 Harold Graves Simpson Construction system
US4074492A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-02-21 Star Manufacturing Co. Of Oklahoma Prefabricated watertight structural system
US4292876A (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-10-06 Graan Henry R De Washer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR39827E (fr) * 1931-01-29 1932-03-18 Dispositif d'accrochage des toitures en tôle ou fibro-ciment
GB420109A (en) * 1933-06-30 1934-11-26 Evelyn Hurden Improvements in or relating to means for securing roofing sheets or tiles to metal or timber supports
FR2170106A1 (fr) * 1972-02-01 1973-09-14 Elco Industries Inc
US3918233A (en) * 1973-02-27 1975-11-11 Harold Graves Simpson Construction system
US4074492A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-02-21 Star Manufacturing Co. Of Oklahoma Prefabricated watertight structural system
US4292876A (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-10-06 Graan Henry R De Washer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4649686A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-03-17 Carlisle Corporation High wind resistant membrane roof system
EP3128189A1 (fr) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-08 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'ancrage destiné à fixer un panneau isolant à une structure de bâtiment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES284418Y (es) 1986-09-01
BR8305219A (pt) 1984-05-02
NO833513L (no) 1984-03-29
JPS5991258A (ja) 1984-05-25
ZA836651B (en) 1984-04-25
EP0104810A3 (fr) 1984-09-05
ES284418U (es) 1985-06-01

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Inventor name: OTTEN, JULIAN H.