EP0103619A1 - Method and apparatus for applying a powder coating to a mould - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for applying a powder coating to a mould

Info

Publication number
EP0103619A1
EP0103619A1 EP83901087A EP83901087A EP0103619A1 EP 0103619 A1 EP0103619 A1 EP 0103619A1 EP 83901087 A EP83901087 A EP 83901087A EP 83901087 A EP83901087 A EP 83901087A EP 0103619 A1 EP0103619 A1 EP 0103619A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
spraying
press
mask
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83901087A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alan Charles Lush
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volstatic Coatings Ltd
Original Assignee
Volstatic Coatings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volstatic Coatings Ltd filed Critical Volstatic Coatings Ltd
Publication of EP0103619A1 publication Critical patent/EP0103619A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/04—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/20—Masking elements, i.e. elements defining uncoated areas on an object to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/0025—Applying surface layers, e.g. coatings, decorative layers, printed layers, to articles during shaping, e.g. in-mould printing
    • B29C37/0028—In-mould coating, e.g. by introducing the coating material into the mould after forming the article
    • B29C37/0032—In-mould coating, e.g. by introducing the coating material into the mould after forming the article the coating being applied upon the mould surface before introducing the moulding compound, e.g. applying a gelcoat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/34—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C41/36—Feeding the material on to the mould, core or other substrate
    • B29C41/365—Construction of spray-up equipment, e.g. spray-up guns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0854—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B29K2105/0863—SMC, i.e. sheet moulding compound

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying a powder coating to a mould particularly to a mould for use in a pressing process for forming powder coated sheet moulded c ⁇ npound (S.M.C.) parts, such as tabletops, construction panels, bathtubs and the like.
  • S.M.C. powder coated sheet moulded c ⁇ npound
  • the present invention overcomes this problem by spraying the mould in a spray booth separate from the press, the booth incorporating a mould mask which is designed to confine spraying to the required mould area thereby eliminating overspray to surrounding areas.
  • a method of forming powder coated sheed moulded co ⁇ pound parts comprising applying powder coating to the moulding surface of a mould, introducing moulding co ⁇ pound to the mould, pressing the charged mould in a press to transfer the powder coating to the c ⁇ rpound to form a powder coated moulded part characterised in that one mould half of the mould is retained in the press, there being two other similar mould halves of the mould which are alternatively charged with powder outside the press prior to transference consecutively to the press to mate with said one mould half, for the moulding process, the moulding surface of said other mould half being masked during the coating process to prevent overspray to surrounding areas of the moulded form thereof.
  • apparatus for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts comprising a press for forming the parts in a mould, characterised in the provision of spraying means external to the press for spraying one mould half of the mould with powder coating, a mould mask for inserting over a said one mould part in the spraying means for preventing overspray to surrounding areas thereof other than its moulding surface, and means for transferring a said one mould half to and from said press in such a manner that as a said one mould half is being coated with powder in said spraying means, another one said mould half, which has previously been coated in said spraying means, is mated with the other mou_ldhalf.in said press for a pressing cycle.
  • a spraying device for powder coating a mould half in a process for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts characterised in the provision of spraying means for spraying the moulded half with a powder coating material, a mo * uld mask for inserting over the mould half to shield surrounding areas of the moulding surface thereof frcm overspray, and a spraying compartment attached to the mask and housing said spraying means.
  • the spray booth may be provided with an extraction system thereby maintaining the inner surfaces of the mask free frcm powder build p.
  • the mould mask is preferably interchangeable with other mould masks of different design thereby to suit any particular S.M.C. part.
  • the spraying apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing comprises a spray booth 1 mounted in position above a male mould half 2 whose upper mould surface is to be powder coated..
  • a plurality of spray guns 3 are mounted in line across the spray booth 1 and moved over the upper surface of the mould half 1 by a horizontal reciprocator 4.
  • the spray is directed onto the surface of the mould half 2 through a mould mask 5 mounted to the bottom of the spray booth, the mask conforming to the outer contours of the moulding on the upper surface of the mould half 2 thereby to provide the required masking effect.
  • the mask 5 is provi ' ded with -upwardly sloping sides 5' (thus avoiding contact with the mould half) which lead.to an extraction duct 6 surrounding the lower periphery of the spray booth 1. -
  • the upwardly sloping sides 5' of the mask 5 lead from a peripheral lip or skirt 5* * -which in use overlaps the contour edge of the mould surface of the mould half 2 as shown. At least the peripheral lip 5' ' is formed of a heat resistant plastics.
  • An extractor fan (not shown) is connected to the extraction duct 6 for drawing excess powder out of the spray booth 1 which collects around the masking area of the mask 5.
  • the spray booth 1 is retractably mounted by means (not shown) so that it may be withdrawn frcm the mould half 2 after spraying and the mould half (2) shuttled to the press during the press cycle.
  • the mask 5 is interchangeable to enable other masks to be inserted conforming to the shape of the S.M.C. part to be formed in the subsequent pressing process. — ⁇ -
  • a pressing operation may be carried out using a press with a spraying apparatus as above described stationed to either side of the press.
  • the female mould half is positioned in the press and corresponding male mould halves are shuttled between the press and the adjacent spraying apparatus.
  • S.M.C. part moulding compound To form the S.M.C. part moulding compound is charged in the female mould half in the press, and a powder coated mould half is then -transferred frcm one spraying apparatus into the press and the mould is closed to form the S.M.C. part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif de formage d'une partie de composé à moulage de feuille recouverte de poudre, utilisant un dispositif de pulvérisation espacée permettant de pulvériser un revêtement en poudre sur une moitié du moule avant le procédé de moulage. Le dispositif de pulvérisation comprend une enceinte de pulvérisation rétractable (1) à laquelle est fixé de manière amovible un masque de moule (5) pouvant être positionné sur la moitié de moule pour limiter la pulvérisation à la zone de moulage désirée et empêcher tout débordement de pulvérisation sur les zones environnantes. Une pluralité de buses de pulvérisation (3) pouvant être actionnées individuellement sont montées à l'intérieur de l'enceinte (1) et sont reliées à un dispositif de va-et-vient horizontal (4). Afin d'obtenir une couverture optimale par pulvérisation sur des surfaces de moulage difficiles, l'opération de pulvérisation et le dispositif de va-et-vient peuvent être programmables.Method and device for forming a part of powder-coated sheet molding compound, using a spaced-apart spraying device for spraying a powder coating on half of the mold before the molding process. The spray device includes a retractable spray enclosure (1) to which a mold mask (5) is removably attached and can be positioned on the mold half to limit spraying to the desired molding area and prevent overflow of spray on surrounding areas. A plurality of individually actuatable spray nozzles (3) are mounted inside the enclosure (1) and are connected to a horizontal reciprocating device (4). In order to obtain optimum spray coverage on difficult molding surfaces, the spray operation and the back-and-forth device can be programmable.

Description

"Method and Apparatus for Applying a Powder Coating to a Mould"
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying a powder coating to a mould particularly to a mould for use in a pressing process for forming powder coated sheet moulded cαnpound (S.M.C.) parts, such as tabletops, construction panels, bathtubs and the like.
BACKGROUND ART Heretofore powder coatings have been applied to S.M.C. cσπponents in the mould using hand equipment or robots. The problem arising from this prior method is that the 'surrounding .areas to the mould become contaminated with powder.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes this problem by spraying the mould in a spray booth separate from the press, the booth incorporating a mould mask which is designed to confine spraying to the required mould area thereby eliminating overspray to surrounding areas.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of forming powder coated sheed moulded coπpound parts comprising applying powder coating to the moulding surface of a mould, introducing moulding coπpound to the mould, pressing the charged mould in a press to transfer the powder coating to the cαrpound to form a powder coated moulded part characterised in that one mould half of the mould is retained in the press, there being two other similar mould halves of the mould which are alternatively charged with powder outside the press prior to transference consecutively to the press to mate with said one mould half, for the moulding process, the moulding surface of said other mould half being masked during the coating process to prevent overspray to surrounding areas of the moulded form thereof.
g_ E OMPI According to another aspect there is provided apparatus for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts comprising a press for forming the parts in a mould, characterised in the provision of spraying means external to the press for spraying one mould half of the mould with powder coating, a mould mask for inserting over a said one mould part in the spraying means for preventing overspray to surrounding areas thereof other than its moulding surface, and means for transferring a said one mould half to and from said press in such a manner that as a said one mould half is being coated with powder in said spraying means, another one said mould half, which has previously been coated in said spraying means, is mated with the other mou_ldhalf.in said press for a pressing cycle.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a spraying device for powder coating a mould half in a process for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts characterised in the provision of spraying means for spraying the moulded half with a powder coating material, a mo*uld mask for inserting over the mould half to shield surrounding areas of the moulding surface thereof frcm overspray, and a spraying compartment attached to the mask and housing said spraying means.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the powder coating is contained in the area to be coated and unnecessary overspraying "to s-urrounding areas is avoided.
The spray booth may be provided with an extraction system thereby maintaining the inner surfaces of the mask free frcm powder build p.
The mould mask is preferably interchangeable with other mould masks of different design thereby to suit any particular S.M.C. part.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will beccme apparent frcm the description that follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The sole drawing accompanying this specification shows a schematic^ part cross-sectional view through spraying apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
BEST MODES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The spraying apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing comprises a spray booth 1 mounted in position above a male mould half 2 whose upper mould surface is to be powder coated..
A plurality of spray guns 3 are mounted in line across the spray booth 1 and moved over the upper surface of the mould half 1 by a horizontal reciprocator 4.
The spray is directed onto the surface of the mould half 2 through a mould mask 5 mounted to the bottom of the spray booth, the mask conforming to the outer contours of the moulding on the upper surface of the mould half 2 thereby to provide the required masking effect.
The mask 5 is provi'ded with -upwardly sloping sides 5' (thus avoiding contact with the mould half) which lead.to an extraction duct 6 surrounding the lower periphery of the spray booth 1. -
The upwardly sloping sides 5' of the mask 5 lead from a peripheral lip or skirt 5* * -which in use overlaps the contour edge of the mould surface of the mould half 2 as shown. At least the peripheral lip 5' ' is formed of a heat resistant plastics.
An extractor fan (not shown) is connected to the extraction duct 6 for drawing excess powder out of the spray booth 1 which collects around the masking area of the mask 5.
The spray booth 1 is retractably mounted by means (not shown) so that it may be withdrawn frcm the mould half 2 after spraying and the mould half (2) shuttled to the press during the press cycle.
The mask 5 is interchangeable to enable other masks to be inserted conforming to the shape of the S.M.C. part to be formed in the subsequent pressing process. — ι -
A pressing operation may be carried out using a press with a spraying apparatus as above described stationed to either side of the press. The female mould half is positioned in the press and corresponding male mould halves are shuttled between the press and the adjacent spraying apparatus.
To form the S.M.C. part moulding compound is charged in the female mould half in the press, and a powder coated mould half is then -transferred frcm one spraying apparatus into the press and the mould is closed to form the S.M.C. part.
During pressing the powder coating on one mould half is transferred . to the pressed S.M.C. part and this cαπpletes the press cycle during which the other male mould half is powder coated in the other spraying apparatus for subsequent transferral to the press after withdrawal of the previously formed S.M.C. part, to initiate the next press cycle.
I

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A method of forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts comprising applying powder coating to the moulding surface of a mould, introducing moulding coπpound to the mould, pressing the charged mould in a press to transfer the powder coating to the coπpound to form a powder coated moulded part characterised in that one mould half of the mould is retained in the press, there being two other similar mould halves of the mould -which are alternatively charged with powder outside the press prior to transference consecutively to the press to mate with said one mould half.for the moulding process, the moulding surface of said other mould half being masked during the coating process to prevent overspray to surrounding areas of the moulded form thereof.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein powder coating is extracted from the working area of the media during powder coating.
3. Apparatus- for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts comprising a press for forming the parts in a mould, characterised in the provision of spraying means external to the press for spraying one mould half of the mould with powder coating, a mould mask for inserting over a said one mould part in the spraying means for preventing overspray to surrounding areas thereof other than its moulding surface, and means for transferring a said one mould half to and from said press in such a manner that as a said one mould half is being coated with powder in said spraying means, another one said mould half, -which has previously been coated in said spraying means, is mated with the other mould half in said press for a pressing cycle.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 characterised in that the peripheral lower surface of the mask has a peripheral edge confo_*τning to the outer contour of the moulding surface of said one mould half, said lower surface being downwardly sloping to said peripheral edge.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 characterised in the provision of an extraction duct at the top of said downwardly sloping lower surface of the mask.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 characterised in a spray booth over the spraying means forming a peripheral gap with the -upper peripoheral edge of said lower surface of the mask, leading to the extraction duct one peripheral wall of which is constituted by the outer wall or walls of said booth.
7. A spraying device for powder coating a mould half in a process for forming powder coated sheet moulded coπpound parts characterised in the provision of spraying means for spraying the moulded half with, a powder coating material, a mould mask for inserting over the mould half to shield surrounding areas of the moulding surface thereof from overspray, and a spraying compartment attached to the mask and housing said spraying means.
8. A -spraying device as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that said mask is removably attached to the spraying coπpartment.
9. A spraying device as claimed in claim 8 characterised in that said spraying means comprises a plurality of in-line spray guns each individually actuable.
10. A spraying device as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that said spray guns are horizontally reciprocable across the spraying area.
11. A spraying device as claimed in 7 characterised in that the peripheral lower surface of the mask has a peripheral edge confoπning to the outer contour of the moulding surface of said one mould half, said lower surface being downwardly sloping to said peripheral edge.
«ς_~n MPI
12. A spraying device as claimed in claim 10 characterised in the provision of an extraction duct at the top of said downwardly sloping lower surface of the mould.
13. Apparatus for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
14. A method for forming powder coated sheet moulded compound parts substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
15. A spraying device for powder coating a mould half in a process for forming powder coated sheet moulded coπpound parts substantially as hereinbefore described with' reference to the drawings.
EP83901087A 1982-03-16 1983-03-16 Method and apparatus for applying a powder coating to a mould Withdrawn EP0103619A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8207666 1982-03-16
GB8207666 1982-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0103619A1 true EP0103619A1 (en) 1984-03-28

Family

ID=10529044

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83901087A Withdrawn EP0103619A1 (en) 1982-03-16 1983-03-16 Method and apparatus for applying a powder coating to a mould

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0103619A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1983003220A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472451A (en) * 1983-01-21 1984-09-18 Nordson Corporation Mold masking apparatus and method
NL8502909A (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-18 Dsm Resins Bv METHOD FOR APPLYING A COATING TO A HOT MOLD AND AN APPARATUS FOR THIS
US4940012A (en) * 1986-12-23 1990-07-10 Nordson Corporation Mold coating apparatus with air flow control numbers
SK53797A3 (en) * 1994-10-31 1998-01-14 Gunter Dietrich Paint coating device
ES2152771B1 (en) * 1997-05-16 2001-09-01 Subirana S A S PERFECTION IN THE MOLDING PROCEDURE OF ELEMENTS FOR KITCHEN, BATHROOM AND SIMILAR.
ES2162526B1 (en) * 1998-04-24 2002-07-01 Subirana Julia Salvador A PERFECTED PROVISION APPLICABLE TO THE FINISHING OF ELEMENTS FOR KITCHEN, BATHROOM AND SIMILAR.
DE29808006U1 (en) * 1998-05-07 1998-08-06 Elektrobau Wehrmann GmbH, 31582 Nienburg Spraying device for the treatment of cut and milling edges
WO1999059794A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Konal Engineering And Equipment Inc. Method and apparatus for manufacture of thin-wall article from plastic particles
CN102216058B (en) * 2008-11-12 2014-02-26 Lm玻璃纤维制品有限公司 Method of applying gelcoat and an arrangement performing said method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1246504B (en) * 1963-08-21 1967-08-03 Netzsch Maschinenfabrik Device for the production of support bodies provided with an insulating layer for fine ceramic products
AT302186B (en) * 1970-02-04 1972-10-10 Helmut Groettrup Dipl Ing Method for generating machine-readable markings on packages or the like. Marking material
US3988089A (en) * 1975-09-10 1976-10-26 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Apparatus for manufacturing curved bodies of fiber reinforced plastic

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8303220A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1983003220A1 (en) 1983-09-29

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19840320

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Effective date: 19851002

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: LUSH, ALAN CHARLES