EP0103575B1 - Geschoss für luftgewehre oder federschusswaffen - Google Patents

Geschoss für luftgewehre oder federschusswaffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0103575B1
EP0103575B1 EP19820903050 EP82903050A EP0103575B1 EP 0103575 B1 EP0103575 B1 EP 0103575B1 EP 19820903050 EP19820903050 EP 19820903050 EP 82903050 A EP82903050 A EP 82903050A EP 0103575 B1 EP0103575 B1 EP 0103575B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pellet
sabot
combination
gun
members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820903050
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0103575A1 (de
Inventor
Michael John Robins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82903050T priority Critical patent/ATE29066T1/de
Publication of EP0103575A1 publication Critical patent/EP0103575A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0103575B1 publication Critical patent/EP0103575B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/064—Sabots enclosing the rear end of a kinetic energy projectile, i.e. having a closed disk shaped obturator base and petals extending forward from said base
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/82—Reloading or unloading of magazines
    • F41A9/83—Apparatus or tools for reloading magazines with unbelted ammunition, e.g. cartridge clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/10—Ball or slug shotgun cartridges

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a sabot for use in combination with a pellet for an air, gas or spring gun.
  • FR-A-2343218 disclosing a device comprising the constructional features of the preamble of claim 1) and US-A-3568603 propose a method of solving this problem in which a sabot comprises a plurality of forwardly extending petals which are bendable radially outwardly to release the shot but which are retained in engagement with the shot by a slidable collar which slides rearwardly of the sabot before or during firing to release the petals.
  • Such arrangements suffer from the disadvantage that the collar causes relatively high friction with the gun barrel. Whilst this may not be a problem in firearms employing an explosive charge, it is very serious in air guns owing to the limited energy available. Further, these known devices consist of multiple parts and are costly to manufacture and assemble.
  • the bullet or other pellet should desirably have a good seal with the surface of the bore in spite of variations in the diameter of the bore. Such differences are particularly marked when comparing an Imperial size bore with the equivalent metric size. Conventional pellets which are suitable for use in a standard Imperial size bore will not fit the equivalent metric bore, and vice versa.
  • a sabot in combination with a pellet for an air, gas or spring gun wherein the sabot comprises a base portion for receiving a rear end of the pellet, and a plurality of members which extend from the base portion in the direction in which the pellet is intended to be propelled, said members being provided with forward portions which, when the sabot and pellet combination is in a gun barrel, extend inwardly to engage the pellet forward of the greatest diameter of the pellet to prevent forward movement of the pellet in the sabot, characterised in that the sabot is of unitary construction and each member is bendable at the junction between its forward portion and the rest of the member whereby the members may bend inwardly and outwardly so as to accommodate variations in the bore of the gun whilst maintaining resilient engagement with the bore and with the pellet forward of the greatest diameter of the pellet.
  • the sabot is thus capable of adapting to variations in bore.
  • the sabot forms a good seal with the barrel with low friction and retains the pellet reliably.
  • the resilient members rapidly disengage the pellet and spread to provide high air resistance which results in the sabot separating rapidly from the pellet whereupon the pellet continues with substantially lower drag than is experienced by a conventional pellet fired from a gun of the same calibre. Greater range, accuracy and target penetration are thus assured.
  • said members comprise a plurality of fingers extending from a base portion.
  • the fingers In the relaxed state of such a sabot, the fingers extend both in said direction and radially outwardly, freely allowing a pellet to be inserted in and removed from the base portion.
  • the fingers are bent radially inwardly about their junctions with the base portion so that the leading ends of the fingers close about the leading end of the pellet.
  • the fingers spring apart and the high air resistance of the sabot causes it rapidly to separate from the pellet and fall to the ground.
  • the pellet prefferably has a frusto-conically tapered trailing end which engages a correspondingly shaped portion of the sabot. This feature provides a wedging effect as the combination travels along the gun barrel, with the light weight sabot forced onto the heavier pellet by the pressure of the propelling air. It is, however, preferred for a planar rear surface of the pellet to engage the sabot to limit this wedging effect to facilitate separation of the pellet and sabot in flight.
  • a sabot 1 made of a resilient plastics material comprises an annular base portion 2 from which extend six fingers 3 in the direction in which a pellet 4 made, for example, of steel or copper-coated lead is intended to be fired.
  • the fingers 3 are bendable about their junctions with the base portion 2 as indicated by the deflected position of the fingers shown by broken lines in Figure 2.
  • Each finger 3 is angled at a line 5 roughly one-third of its length from its front end so as to include a portion 6 which extends inwardly when the sabot and pellet are in the bore 8 of a gun barrel 9.
  • each finger is provided with a pip 40 of triangular cross-section on its inside surface, which engages the pellet forward of the maximum diameter of the pellet indicated by the circumference 7 in Figure 3, when the sabot and pellet are in a gun barrel, so as to retain the pellet within the sabot.
  • Each finger further includes a pip 41 also of triangular cross-section on its outside surface. The engagement of the pips 41 with the bore increases the pressure exerted by the pips 40 on the pellet. Because the fingers contact the bore at only a few points of the circumference, there is low friction between the bore and the sabot.
  • the base portion 2 of the sabot includes an outwardly extending annular flange 10 which engages the rear end of the barrel when the pellet and sabot are loaded, and engages the rifled bore 8 of the gun barrel as the pellet and sabot travel along the bore.
  • the flange 10 may have a different cross-section from that shown, e.g. its forward surface may be curved.
  • the inside surface of the base portion 2 includes a frusto-conically tapered trailing end 12 of the pellet 4. This assists in the engagement between the pellet and sabot as they travel along the gun barrel by virtue of the fact that air or gas pressure behind the combination tends to force the light weight plastics sabot onto the much heavier pellet so as to generate a wedging effect. Spin imparted to the sabot by the rifling of the gun barrel is thus in turn imparted to the pellet.
  • the base portion 2 further includes an aperture 13 therethrough.
  • This aperture may be omitted, or replaced by a small diameter aperture so as to increase the air resistance of the sabot after it has separated from the pellet.
  • the aperture has a smaller diameter than the flat rear surface of the pellet.
  • the engagement of the sabot with the flat rear surface limits the wedging effect between surface 11 of the sabot and surface 12 of the pellet to permit rapid separation of the sabot and pellet after leaving the gun barrel.
  • the sabot should preferably be as light as possible as compared with the pellet, in order to improve the separation of the sabot and pellet and to minimize the amount of momentum lost.
  • the angle of the tapered surface 11 relative to the axis should be such as to provide sufficient grip to spin the pellet as the combination travels along the rifled bore. Such spin is necessary to stabilise the pellet in flight. An included semi-angle of about 15° has been found to give good results.
  • a device for loading a sabot and pellet in a gun comprises a tubular barrel 17 having substantially the same or a slightly greater bore than the gun with which it is to be used.
  • a plunger 19 includes a pusher member 20 which enters the barrel 17 so as to be slidable therealong and to engage the rear end of a sabot and pellet combination inserted in the front end of the barrel 17.
  • the plunger 19 further includes a manually engageable portion 21 which surrounds the barrel 17 and includes an annular inwardly extending stop 22 for engagement with the stop 18 in the rearmost position of the plunger 19.
  • the pellet 4 is first placed within the sabot 1 which is in the relaxed state shown in Figure 1 and in solid lines in Figure 2.
  • the combination is then pushed into the leading end of the barrel 17 of the device, so that the fingers of the sabot are compressed about the pellet. Whilst the fingers may be compressed so as to be in contact with the pellet, this is not essential. It is sufficient for the fingers to be compressed so as to prevent the pellet from escaping from the sabot and to enable the combination to enter the barrel. Insertion of the combination beyond the illustrated position is prevented by engagement of the sabot with the pusher 20 and engagement between the stops 18, 22.
  • the nose of the pellet and sabot combination is then inserted in the rear end of a gun barrel, whereafter the plunger 19 is moved forwardly, so that the pusher member 20 pushes the pellet and sabot combination into the gun barrel until the flange at the rear of the sabot engages the rear end of the gun barrel. Further forward movement of the plunger is limited by engagement of the base of the plunger with the rear of the tubular barrel 17.
  • the sabot according to the invention has been illustrated in combination with a bullet-shaped pellet, it could be adapted for use with any desired form of pellet, for example a ball.
  • the pellet is preferably made of steel which is not damaged during storage, lead pellets could also be used.
  • other metals e.g. copper, or alloys may be used, or plastics with a metal filler.
  • webs in the form of thin collapsible membranes may be provided between the fingers 3. These help the fingers to spring out when the pellet and sabot leave the gun barrel and provide increased air resistance to the sabot to assist in separating the pellet and sabot.
  • the embodiments in which the aperture 13 is omitted have the advantages that the base portion 2 is strengthened and the air resistance to the sabot is again increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Geschoßring (1) in Kombination mit einem Geschoßkörper (4) für ein Luft-, Gas- oder Federgewehr, wobei der Geschoßring einen Grundabschnitt (2) zur Aufnahme eines hinteren Endes des Geschoßkörpers und eine Mehrzahl von Elementen (3) aufweist, die von dem Basisabschnitt in die Richtung verlaufen, in die der Geschoßkörper vorwärts getrieben werden soll, und wobei die Elemente mit vorne liegenden Abschnitten (6) versehen sind, die, wenn die Kombination aus Geschoßring und Geschoßkörper in einem Gewehrlauf ist, nach innen verlaufen, um mit dem Geschoßkörper in Vorwärtsrichtung des größten Durchmessers (7) des Geschoßkörpers zusammenzuarbeiten und eine Vorwärtsbewegung des Geschoßkörpers im Geschloßring zu verbindern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Geschoßring eine einteilige Konstruktion hat und jedes Element (3) an der Verbindung (5) zwischen seinem vorderen Abschnitt (6) und dem Rest des Elements (3) biegbar ist, wodurch die Elemente nach innen und außen gebogen werden können, um Änderungen der Bohrung des Gewehrs auszugleichen, obgleich sie in Federungseingriff mit der Bohrung und mit dem Geschoßkörper von dem größten Durchmesser des Geschoßkörpers nach vorne gesehen in Eingriff sind.
2. Kombination nach Anspruch 1, bei der ein Raum zwischen jedem Element und dem Geschoßkörper un mittelbar von der Eingriffsstelle des vorne liegenden Abschnitts mit dem Geschoßkörper von dem größten Durchmesser des Geschoßkörpers nach vorne gesehen in Richtung nach hinten und in dem Bereich der Verbindung zwischen dem vorne liegenden Abschnitt und dem Rest des Elements vorhanden ist.
3. Kombination nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Mehrzahl von Elementen um ihre Verbindungsstellen mit dem Grundabschnitt biegbar ist.
4. Kombination nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der jedes Element derart eingerichtet ist, daß es federnd nachgiebig auf einer Gewehrlaufbohrung an einer Stelle in der Nähe des Eingriffspunktes des Elements mit dem Geschoßkörper anliegt.
5. Kombination nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der Geschoßkörper ein kegelstumpfförmig, konisch ausgebildetes hinteres Ende (12) hat, das mit einem entsprechend geformten Abschnitt (11) des Geschoßrings zusammenarbeitet.
6. Kombination nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der Geschoßkörper eine planare Rückfläche hat, die mit dem Geschoßring zusammenarbeitet.
7. Kombination nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der Geschoßring derart eingerichtet ist, daß er mit einer Gewehrlaufbohrung am hinteren Ende des Geschoßrings zusammenarbeitet.
8. Kombination nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Elemente derart eingerichtet sind, daß sie von dem Geschoßkörper wegfedern, um den Geschoßkörper freizugeben, wenn dieser den Gewehrlauf verläßt.
EP19820903050 1981-10-06 1982-10-06 Geschoss für luftgewehre oder federschusswaffen Expired EP0103575B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82903050T ATE29066T1 (de) 1981-10-06 1982-10-06 Geschoss fuer luftgewehre oder federschusswaffen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8130163 1981-10-06
GB8130163 1981-10-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0103575A1 EP0103575A1 (de) 1984-03-28
EP0103575B1 true EP0103575B1 (de) 1987-08-19

Family

ID=10524985

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820903050 Expired EP0103575B1 (de) 1981-10-06 1982-10-06 Geschoss für luftgewehre oder federschusswaffen

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0103575B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3277027D1 (de)
WO (1) WO1983001300A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8623153D0 (en) * 1986-09-26 1986-10-29 Branscomb Corp Nv Ammunition round
DE3635738A1 (de) * 1986-10-21 1988-05-19 Rheinmetall Gmbh Treibkaefig-fluggeschoss-anordnung
US5175394A (en) * 1987-03-30 1992-12-29 Olin Corporation Sabot bullet
AU3226697A (en) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-21 Robert Docking Paintball cartridges
US6073560A (en) * 1998-03-09 2000-06-13 Remington Arms Company, Inc. Sabot
US6564720B1 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-05-20 Olin Corporation Sabot for a bullet
ITRM20060433A1 (it) * 2006-08-07 2008-02-08 Lamberto Pizzoli Protesi acustica perfezionata ad azione diretta sull'orecchio medio e relativo procedimento di installazione
CN104011496A (zh) * 2011-08-26 2014-08-27 勇敢策略方案有限责任公司 霰弹型弹药、用于击发此霰弹型弹药的枪械及制造此霰弹型弹药的方法
US9222761B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2015-12-29 Intrepid Tactical Solutions, LLC Shotshell type ammunition usable in magazine-fed firearms, and methods of manufacturing such shotshell type ammunition
US9217625B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2015-12-22 Intrepid Tactical Solutions, Inc. Shotshell type ammunition usable in magazine-fed firearms, and methods of manufacturing such shotshell type ammunition
KR101295318B1 (ko) * 2013-01-09 2013-08-09 국방과학연구소 플레어가 장착된 탄두용 이탈피
US9958241B2 (en) * 2014-08-26 2018-05-01 Renat Abdulberovich Yusupov Caliber shell with rigid mounting to housing of stabilizing fins
CN111238296A (zh) * 2020-02-17 2020-06-05 湘潭大学 一种轻气炮机械脱壳装置
US20240288253A1 (en) * 2023-02-28 2024-08-29 Joseph Peter Kolnik Less lethal ammunition system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB308943A (en) * 1928-08-10 1929-04-04 John Burr Lane Improvements in bullets, more especially intended for use in air-guns, or pistols
US3757449A (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-09-11 W Schindler Device for loading shells
DE2364703A1 (de) * 1973-12-27 1975-07-10 Werner Withum Patrone
US3992796A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-11-23 Roger Dorgnon System for introducing and placing caseless pellets in a firing apparatus
FR2343218A1 (fr) * 1976-03-03 1977-09-30 Bourlange Jean Georges Perfectionnements apportes aux balles notamment a celles destinees aux armes de chasse
US4094098A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-06-13 Gourley Charles R Loading block for muzzle-loading gun
GB2052693A (en) * 1979-06-26 1981-01-28 Earl H A Pellet for an Air, Gas or Spring Gun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0103575A1 (de) 1984-03-28
WO1983001300A1 (en) 1983-04-14
DE3277027D1 (en) 1987-09-24

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