EP0101351B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von komplexen Gewebe durch multidirektionales Weben - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von komplexen Gewebe durch multidirektionales Weben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0101351B1
EP0101351B1 EP83401475A EP83401475A EP0101351B1 EP 0101351 B1 EP0101351 B1 EP 0101351B1 EP 83401475 A EP83401475 A EP 83401475A EP 83401475 A EP83401475 A EP 83401475A EP 0101351 B1 EP0101351 B1 EP 0101351B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rods
thread
network
layers
weaving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83401475A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0101351A3 (en
EP0101351A2 (de
Inventor
Georges Jean Joseph Cahuzac
Francois Jean Roger Monget
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of EP0101351A2 publication Critical patent/EP0101351A2/de
Publication of EP0101351A3 publication Critical patent/EP0101351A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0101351B1 publication Critical patent/EP0101351B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to a machine for producing a woven piece formed from threads assembled by multidirectional weaving and capable of serving as a reinforcement in the manufacture of a body of composite material.
  • Such reinforcements are used after impregnation with an appropriate binder, to obtain parts capable of withstanding very high mechanical and thermal stresses, such as nozzles, structural parts of the satellite, reentry bodies or rotor hubs. rotorcraft.
  • the essential problem to be solved in the weaving of structures of the kind considered lies in the fact that the threads to be introduced into a network of rods or rods must be deposited in such a way that there is no residual tension in them.
  • the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the methods and apparatus of the prior art; its subject is a process which consists, in an initial weaving phase, of establishing a network of rigid, parallel and non-contiguous rods, of depositing at one end of this stationary network, a single thread following a winding path zigzagging between the end parts of said rods, this wire forming successive layers superimposed in planes transverse to the direction of the rods, compacting these layers of wire as they are formed, this compaction being accompanied by a sliding of said layers along the sticks, then if necessary replace the beguettes with threads in a final lacing phase.
  • the compaction with sliding of the layers of wire along the rods is preferably carried out by discontinuous application of a pressure on each new layer completed, all of the superimposed layers being supported at its base by a support surface which s away from a continuous movement of the deposit area of the weaving thread in order to give place to the new layers of thread to be deposited.
  • the wire should be deposited without tension in the network of rods, being for this purpose delivered with mechanical thrust on demand in a direction parallel to that of the ba lookouts.
  • the wire can be deposited in meanders oriented in the superimposed layers alternately in one direction, then in another direction crossed with respect to the previous one, for example perpendicular (in this case, these two directions form with that of the rods a triangular trihedron).
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to weave three-dimensional profiled pieces of complex shapes and of any size, by depositing in the free spaces a network of rods defining a direction of the piece to be produced, a wire in any direction orthogonal to the previous one.
  • This wire comes from a single coil and is mechanically unwound from the top of the rods (supposed to be arranged vertically), at their upper part and parallel to their direction.
  • a layer of yarn is deposited, it is compacted at the same time as the member intended to support the part being woven is shifted to allow the deposition of the next layer.
  • rods made of a material remaining in the part after weaving such as for example pultruded rods.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to eliminate any system for stopping the threads introduced perpendicularly to the network of rods and therefore leads to the production of a very simple weaving machine.
  • the arrangement of a single reel facilitates the monitoring of the unwinding of the wire.
  • the method according to the invention overcomes these constraints.
  • the invention also relates to a machine for implementing the method defined above.
  • This machine comprises, arranged one above the other in a fixed frame, a set of three non-rotating horizontal frames, but movable vertically independently, among which the intermediate frame carries a set of horizontal plates provided with perforations ordered in a regular grid and intended to receive rigid rods of equal length which are thus maintained in a regular vertical network, the upper frame carries, by means of a movement mechanism in two crossed horizontal directions, preferably perpendicular, a shuttle which is thus movable in all directions in a horizontal plane situated slightly above the top of the network of rods and is capable of depositing there above a weaving thread along a winding path, and the lower frame carries a horizontal non-perforated stop plate, underlying the network of rods.
  • This lacing arrangement preferably comprises an upper device for actuating a lacing needle and a lower device for introducing a lacing wire, these devices being carried by respective displacement mechanisms in two crossed horizontal directions, mounted respectively on the upper frame and on the intermediate frame.
  • the shuttle of the machine comprises means for driving and pushing the wire capable of ensuring the delivery of the latter without tension and constituted by two rollers between which the wire is pinched and one of which is actuated in rotation by a motor, these rollers pushing said wire, when it is deposited, in a vertical wire guide tube.
  • the machine preferably comprises a horizontal perforated plate capable of descending on the network of rods, the ends of the latter then penetrating into its perforations, packing the layers of wire woven into said network.
  • This perforated tray can be carried by the upper frame above the shuttle, which is removed from time to time from the network of rods to allow the descent of said perforated tray on the woven mass.
  • the stop plate can be constituted by a disc driven in rotation around its vertical axis and comprising a vibrating bar ensuring by scanning the longitudinal maintenance of the rods at a constant height on average despite the action drive down that they undergo from the woven mass during its manufacture.
  • a digital control device controlling and synchronizing according to a pre-established program all the movements of its mobile members, in particular those of its shuttle which define the configuration of the winding paths of deposition of the wire forming the successive layers of the woven mass.
  • the machine represented in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 1 in which are arranged, between its base 1a and its roof 1b, several fixed vertical threaded rods 2 (at least three) along which three horizontal frames 3, 4, 5 can move. .
  • each of these frames is provided with a particular motor (not shown) which can drive in rotation, via a chain 6, nuts 6a engaged on said threaded rods (only one of the nuts 6a of the only frame 4 has been shown, with a part of the corresponding chain 6).
  • Each frame can thus be animated at will with an upward or downward movement by command of said motor.
  • the upper frame 3 carries a perforated plate 7 and, by means of a movement mechanism 8 with crossed movements, a shuttle 9 ensuring the deposition of a wire 10 in a network 14 of rigid metal rods 11, held vertically along a regular distribution by perforated plates 12, 13 (the number of plates 13 depending on the height of the part to be produced) carried by the intermediate frame 4.
  • the perforations of the plates 7, 12 and 13 are arranged in a grid (straight, as in this example, or oblique), so that the rods 11 of the network 14 which pass through them cause corridors to cross each other at an angle, here a right angle, in which will be deposited alternately in meanders of directions perpendicular to wire 10 by shuttle 9.
  • the mechanism 8 ensuring the movements of the shuttle 9 comprises a horizontal strip 15 along which the shuttle can move under the action of a motor 16 by means of a drive belt located inside the strip ( Figure 2).
  • the latter is itself movable in the perpendicular horizontal direction, its ends rolling on guide rails 17, 18 fixed to the frame 3, under the action of drive belts 19, 20 driven by a motor 21 also integral with the frame 3.
  • the shuttle 9 can thus move in two perpendicular horizontal directions 22, 23, therefore be brought successively to any point on the horizontal plane limited by the rails 17, 18.
  • the shuttle 9 is constituted (FIG. 3) by a carriage 24 sliding along the strip 15 and carrying a small stepping motor 25 and two rollers 26, 27 between which the wire 10 is pinched.
  • the caster 26 is driven in rotation by the motor 25, while the caster 27 is mounted idle.
  • the wire 10 is pushed more or less quickly into a vertical wire guide tube 28 fixed to the plate 24 and passing between the upper ends of the rods 11 of the network 14 to deposit the top of this network. wire following the chosen winding path.
  • the motor 25 of the latter is started, so that the wire 10, coming from a coil 29, is deposited from above the network of rods along this winding path between the upper ends of these ( Figure 4).
  • the following layer C is deposited in superposition, in the other direction 22 or 23.
  • the shuttle 9 is moved aside on the side and controls a downward movement of the frame 3 so as to bring the perforated plate 7 which it carries (FIG. 5) down onto the network 14 in order to compact the woven mass 30 formed by all of the layers C made up.
  • the ends of the rods are cut into a point and the orifices of the perforations are flared, as shown.
  • the frame 4 is lowered by an amount substantially equal to the thickness of a layer, so that the woven mass 30 gradually descends ment, supported by the perforated plate 12 secured to the frame 4 and packed by the perforated plate 7 secured to the frame 3.
  • the downward sliding of the woven mass 30 causes the rods 11 to descend.
  • a rotating disc 32 provided with a vibrating bar.
  • 33 (FIG. 1) arranged diametrically on a pair of vibrators with vertical action which causes, by sweeping, an ascent of the rods 11 struck by said bar, the latter thus maintaining an invariable mean position in the direction of the height during the entire course weaving of the piece.
  • the frame 4 is located near the frame 5, the perforated plates 13, suspended by chains 34 from the frame 4, having come to be juxtaposed accordingly.
  • lacing composed of an upper device 35a and a lower device 35b (shown diagrammatically on the right-hand side of FIG. 1).
  • the upper device 35a is carried by the frame 3 by means of a movement mechanism 36a in two orthogonal directions, similar to the mechanism 8 of the shuttle 9.
  • the frame 3 carrying the piece woven by its perforated plate 12 (the extension 37 provided in the weaving phase being removed) is raised to a height leaving below sufficient space for the descent of the strips 11 a expelled from the woven mass 30.
  • the frame is correlatively reassembled in a position where its perforated plate 7 rests on the top of the woven mass 30.
  • the upper device 35a lowers a long needle 41 successively vertically above each rod 11, so as to drive it out and cause it to fall at 11a below the frame 4, onto the disc 32 (while it remains held by the perforated trays 13 now assembled and fixed to the top of columns 38).
  • the control of the various moving parts of the machine is carried out in synchronism, in each operating phase, by means of a digital control device in which is introduced a program corresponding to the characteristic of structure, shape and dimensions of the woven piece to be produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gewebten Teils, welches durch multidirektionales Weben aus Fäden zusammengefügt und geeignet ist, als Armierung bei der Herstellung eines Körpers aus Verbundwerkstoff zu dienen, wobei bei diesem Verfahren in einer ersten Webphase ein Raster (14) von parallel zueinander angeordneten und nicht aneinanderstoßenden steifen Stäbchen (11) erstellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem Ende des Rasters (14), stationär, ein einzelner Faden (10) angeordnet wird, der einem sinusförmig zwischen den Endstücken der Stäbchen (11) hin und her geführten Weg folgt, wobei dieser Faden (10) einander folgende und in Ebenen transversal zur Richtung der Stäbchen (11) übereinander angeordnete Lagen (C) bildet, und daß die Lagen (C) des Fadens (10) in dem Maße wie sie entstehen zusammengedrückt werden, wobei dies Zusammendrücken von einem Gleiten der genannten Lagen (C) entlang der Stäbchen (11) begleitet wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zusammendrücken verbunden mit dem Gleiten der Lagen (C) des Fadens (10) entlang der Stäbchen (11) durch die diskontinuierliche Ausübung eines Drucks auf jede neu fertiggestellte Lage (C) bewirkt wird und daß die Gruppe von übereinander angeordneten Lagen (C) an ihrem Boden durch eine Auflagefläche (12) abgestützt ist, die sich in einer dauernden Bewegung von dem Einbringungsbereich des Webfadens (10) entfernt.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Faden (10) ohne Spannung in das Raster (14) der Stäbchen (11) eingebracht und auf Wunsch mit einem mechanischen Vorschub in einer Richtung parallel zu den Stäbchen (11) abgegeben wird.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Faden (10) in Schleifen eingebracht wird, die in den übereinander angeordneten Lagen (C) abwechselnd in einer Richtung und in einer anderen, diese Richtung kreuzenden Richtung orientiert sind.
5. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Gruppe von drei horizontalen, nicht drehbaren, aber in unabhängiger Weise vertikal bewegbaren Rahmen (3, 4, 5) vorgesehen ist, welche einer unter dem anderen in einem festen Gestell (1) angeordnet sind, daß von diesen der mittlere Rahmen (4) einen Satz horizontaler Platten (12, 13) trägt, die mit Perforationen versehen sind, die einem regelmäßigen Raster folgend angeordnet und dazu bestimmt sind, die steifen Stäbchen (11) gleicher Länge aufzunehmen, so daß diese in einem regelmäßigen Raster (14) vertikal gehalten sind, daß der obere Rahmen (3) über ein in zwei einander kreuzenden Richtungen (22, 23) verfahrbares Laufwerk (8) ein Schiffchen (9) trägt, das so in einer horizontalen, ein wenig über der Spitze des Rasters (14) aus Stäbchen (11) liegenden Ebene in allen Richtungen bewegbar und geeignet ist, durch einen Kopf einen Webfaden (10) einem sinusförmigen Weg folgend abzusetzen, und daß der untere Rahmen (5) eine horizontale, nicht perforierte, unterhalb des Rasters (14) der Stäbchen (11) angeordnete Anschlagplatte (32) trägt.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie unter anderem eine Vernähanordnung (35) aufweist, die nach Abschluß des Webens einen Ersatz der Stäbchen (11) durch Fäden ermöglicht.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vernähanordnung (35) einen Oberteil (35a) zur Betätigung einer Vernähnadel (41) und einen Unterteil (35b) zur Einleitung eines Vernähfadens (39) aufweist und daß diese Teile von entsprechenden, in zwei einander kreuzenden Richtungen verfahrbaren Laufwerken (36a, 36b) getragen sind, welche auf dem oberen Rahmen (3) bzw. dem mittleren Rahmen (4) angeordnet sind.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schiffchen (9) Einrichtungen zum Antrieb und zum Vorschub des Fadens (10) aufweist, die geeignet sind, die Einbringung desselben ohne Spannung zu gewährleisten, daß die Einrichtungen aus zwei Klemmrollen (26, 27) bestehen, zwischen denen der Faden (10) eingeklemmt ist und deren eine von einem Motor (25) drehantreibbar ist, und daß die Klemmrollen (26, 27) den Faden (10) bei seiner Einbringung in einer vertikal angeordneten Fadenführung (28) vorschieben.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine perforierte, horizontale Platte (7) aufweist, die auf das Raster (14) von Stäbchen (11) absenkbar ist und daß die Enden der Stäbchen (11) während des Zusammendrückens der Lagen (C) des gewebten Fadens (10) in dem genannten Raster (14) durch die Perforationen (31) hindurchtreten.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die perforierte Platte (7) von dem oberen Rahmen (3) über dem Schiffchen (9) getragen ist.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschlagplatte (32) von einer in Drehung um ihre vertikale Achse angetriebenen Scheibe gebildet ist und eine Schwingleiste (33) aufweist, die durch ein Abtasten bzw. Bestreichen die Haltung der Stäbchen (11) in Längsrichtung auf einer im Mittel konstanten Höhe sicherstellt.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihr eine numerische Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, die nach einem voreingestellten Programm alle Bewegungen ihrer beweglichen Teile steuert und synchronisiert.
EP83401475A 1982-08-09 1983-07-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von komplexen Gewebe durch multidirektionales Weben Expired EP0101351B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8213893 1982-08-09
FR8213893A FR2531459A1 (fr) 1982-08-09 1982-08-09 Procede et machine de realisation de pieces complexes par tissage multidirectionnel

Publications (3)

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EP0101351A2 EP0101351A2 (de) 1984-02-22
EP0101351A3 EP0101351A3 (en) 1984-06-06
EP0101351B1 true EP0101351B1 (de) 1985-12-27

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EP83401475A Expired EP0101351B1 (de) 1982-08-09 1983-07-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von komplexen Gewebe durch multidirektionales Weben

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US (2) US4656703A (de)
EP (1) EP0101351B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5947464A (de)
CA (1) CA1222183A (de)
DE (1) DE3361633D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2531459A1 (de)

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EP0236500B1 (de) * 1985-09-13 1990-01-31 Shikishima Canvas Kabushiki Kaisha Faserstruktur zur verstärkung von baumaterial
JPH0778303B2 (ja) * 1987-02-03 1995-08-23 三菱重工業株式会社 複合材強化用の繊維構造体の製造方法
FR2610951B1 (fr) * 1987-02-17 1989-05-05 Aerospatiale Armature tissee pour materiau composite
EP0329434B1 (de) * 1988-02-19 1993-07-28 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Textile Struktur für das Verstärken von Bauelementen, wie Balken, aus Verbundwerkstoffen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
US5390707A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-02-21 Societe Nationale Industrielle Et Aerospatiale Method and a machine for making hollow reinforcing members
FR2718757B1 (fr) * 1994-04-18 1996-06-14 Aerospatiale Procédé et machine pour la réalisation d'une armature en forme de plaque pour une pièce de matière composite.
FR2718758B1 (fr) * 1994-04-18 1996-06-14 Aerospatiale Procédé et machine pour la réalisation d'une armature pour une pièce de matière composite.
FR2718756B1 (fr) * 1994-04-18 1996-06-14 Aerospatiale Procédé et machine pour la réalisation d'une armature en forme de bloc pour une pièce de matière composite.
FR2718759B1 (fr) * 1994-04-18 1996-06-14 Aerospatiale Tête de piquage et machine pour la réalisation d'une armature en forme de plaque pour une pièce de matière composite.
US5616175A (en) * 1994-07-22 1997-04-01 Herecules Incorporated 3-D carbon-carbon composites for crystal pulling furnace hardware
DE19726831C5 (de) * 1997-06-24 2005-02-17 Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Multiaxial-Maschine mit Portalaufbau
DE102007020906B4 (de) * 2007-04-26 2009-11-19 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Vorrichtung zum Legen von Verstärkungsfasern und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Bauteils
CN102191627B (zh) * 2010-03-16 2013-08-07 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种复合材料三维织造成形设备
CN102192396B (zh) * 2010-03-16 2014-03-12 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 一种复合材料三维织造成形方法
CN102517791B (zh) * 2011-12-31 2014-09-24 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 复合材料多维织造成形机
DE102013208471B4 (de) * 2013-05-08 2015-08-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Formbauteils
US11492733B2 (en) * 2020-02-21 2022-11-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Weave control grid
US11535962B2 (en) * 2020-05-21 2022-12-27 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Weaving assembly and method of using

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6214667B2 (de) 1987-04-03
FR2531459A1 (fr) 1984-02-10
FR2531459B1 (de) 1984-12-28
US4656703A (en) 1987-04-14
DE3361633D1 (en) 1986-02-06
CA1222183A (fr) 1987-05-26
US4644619A (en) 1987-02-24
EP0101351A3 (en) 1984-06-06
EP0101351A2 (de) 1984-02-22
JPS5947464A (ja) 1984-03-17

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