EP0098762B1 - Dreidimensional gewebte hohle Armierung, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung dieser Armierung - Google Patents

Dreidimensional gewebte hohle Armierung, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung dieser Armierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0098762B1
EP0098762B1 EP83401187A EP83401187A EP0098762B1 EP 0098762 B1 EP0098762 B1 EP 0098762B1 EP 83401187 A EP83401187 A EP 83401187A EP 83401187 A EP83401187 A EP 83401187A EP 0098762 B1 EP0098762 B1 EP 0098762B1
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Prior art keywords
threads
rods
network
axis
passageways
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Expired
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EP83401187A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0098762A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Jean Joseph Cahuzac
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of hollow pieces of revolution by three-dimensional weaving.
  • Woven parts of this kind serve as reinforcements in the manufacture of cylindrical, conical or cylindro-conical hollow bodies obtained by impregnation using an appropriate binder followed by machining at the precise dimensions desired for the hollow bodies.
  • Such hollow bodies are used in particular in the aeronautical field for rockets and ballistic devices such as nozzles, heat shields or propulsion bases. More generally, this type of part can be used in industry whenever high characteristics are required, both with respect to mechanical stresses, thermal insulation or good resistance to impact and resistance. 'ablation.
  • US Patent No. 3,904,464 describes a process for producing a hollow body of revolution. It consists, on a specialized tool having the internal shape of the part, to make a hedgehog of radial pins in fibers and polymerized resin. Inside the pins which delimit corridors, wires pre-impregnated with resin are wound. Polymerization is then carried out, followed by machining. To improve the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the material, the operation can be repeated.
  • This process has drawbacks: the making of the reinforcement is long and complex, the manufacturing operations are numerous and are not applicable to all types of fibers.
  • French patent n ° 73/14956 (in the name of the applicant) describes an apparatus for the production by three-dimensional weaving of hollow revolution parts. Using a tapping head, circumferential and radial wires are simultaneously deposited through a network of longitudinal rods made of fibers and polymerized resin. This process makes it possible to produce cylindrical parts, or, with some difficulties, conical, but does not allow parts of complex shapes to be produced.
  • the two embodiments which have just been mentioned have another drawback relating to the quality of the parts obtained, which depends on the fiber content of the latter. This quality is conditioned by regular settlement during manufacture; however, this compaction is most often manual and does not take place after the deposition of each layer.
  • the part obtained, if it is thick, is heterogeneous, which affects its mechanical and thermal characteristics.
  • the invention therefore aims to achieve by three-dimensional weaving of hollow cylinders which are deformable thanks to a particular structure and allow, by simple deformation, to obtain parts offering such or such desired complex shape.
  • the first object of the invention is thus first of all a part or frame in the form of a hollow cylindrical body of revolution, produced in a known manner by three-dimensional weaving of three systems of threads which substantially intersect in the directions of a triangular trihedron, namely a first system of wires parallel to the axis of the armature and arranged equidistantly in coaxial sheets which are themselves equidistant, and a second and a third system of wires contained substantially in planes perpendicular to said axis, forming superimposed layers and fitting into two respective series of crossed corridors defined by the wires of the first system.
  • the wires of the first system are staggered from one layer to the next and the two series of crossed corridors which they define between them cross the thickness of the armature obliquely, that is to say say no radially.
  • This arrangement leads to a deformable structure mainly due to the absence of circumferential wires and radial wires, replaced by oblique wires which do not oppose deformations tending to vary the local diameter of the woven hollow part (with concomitant variation of its wall thickness).
  • the corridors of the two above-mentioned series have an obliquity of the same value, but in opposite directions, with respect to the radial directions of their intersections. In other words, any two corridors which intersect are symmetrical with respect to the radial plane passing through their intersection.
  • the corresponding wires therefore form squares, one of the diagonals of which is radial and which easily deform into diamonds.
  • the wires of the second and third systems are formed by the loops of two respective chains made up of helical turns in the network of wires of the first system.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of producing such woven reinforcements with a triple system of constituent threads, in which, in a known manner, an ordered network is formed around an axis of filiform elements parallel to this axis, materializing the wires of the first system and regularly arranged in successive coaxial layers, and the wires of the second and third systems in superimposed layers are introduced into the two series of crossed lanes.
  • said filiform elements are staggered staggered from one ply to another and the wires of the second system as well as the wires of the third system are introduced respectively in two oblique crossed directions, into the corridors defined obliquely at through the network of filiform elements thanks to the staggered arrangement of these.
  • These threads are preferably introduced in helical layers by knitting in the chain stitch of two separate threads, the loops of each of the two chains thus made up respectively forming said threads of the second and third systems inserted in the aforementioned crossed corridors. It should be provided that said wires, which are deposited in superimposed layers, are packed as and when they are introduced into the network.
  • the aforementioned filiform elements can be tensioned threads (directly constituting the first system of threads). They can also be temporary rods which, after completion of weaving, are replaced by threads. It is also possible to use hollow temporary rods into which threads have been previously introduced and which are eliminated after completion of weaving, only the threads remaining. 'they contain.
  • the invention finally relates to a machine for implementing the process defined above (with the use of temporary rods).
  • This machine comprises, in a known manner, a fixed frame supporting a set of rotary elements centered on a generally vertical axis, driven in rotation about this axis and ensuring the holding of the rods which materialize the wires of the first system in regular network coaxial plies, the longitudinal maintenance of these rods and the rotation of said network around said axis, as well as the packing of the layers of yarns woven in the network of rods, and a knitting device, placed on said frame in a fixed location at the level where the weaving of the frame takes place, said rotary elements being constituted by plates provided with perforations regularly arranged in circles centered on the axis and crossed by the rods, one of these perforated plates being animated, in addition to its rotational movement, a controlled and progressive downward movement during the weaving of the frame, and supporting it by allowing its descent along the ba lookouts.
  • the perforations of said plates are arranged in staggered rows on the aforementioned successive circles and the knitting device is equipped with two sliding needles driven by a clean longitudinal reciprocating movement and oriented obliquely to the axis of rotation, the direction of one passing to the right of this axis and that of the other to the left, the arrangement of these needles being such that, during their back-and-forth movement, they penetrate and are move in the oblique corridors defined by the network of rods, one in the corridors of one of the series, the other in those of the other series of corridors, each to come and grab a respective thread and knit it in one chain, the mouths of these two chains thus made during the rotation of the network of rods respectively forming the wires of the second system and the wires of the third system.
  • the oblique corridors may be slightly curved, the needles then being curved in correspondence and guided in their back-and-forth movement by similarly curved slides.
  • the machine advantageously comprises, at the top of the network of baguettes, a perforated plate carried by a fixed support in a slightly inclined position, and the needles of the knitting device are arranged on the side and slightly below the upper part of this perforated tray, while, on the other side, its lower part rests on the helical layers formed in the network of rods by the chains knitted by said needles and ensures compaction during the production of the woven reinforcement.
  • a fixed plate not perforated
  • a vibrating bar ensuring the longitudinal maintenance of the rods at a constant height on average, without the latter having to bear and rub continuously on said fixed plate.
  • the machine represented in FIG. 1 is intended for the production by three-dimensional weaving of parts or armatures in the shape of a hollow cylindrical of revolution with a structure giving them a high deformability.
  • This machine essentially comprises a base 1 carrying a vertical frame 2 provided with three horizontal supports 3, 4, 5 in the form of a fork.
  • the upper support 3 is fixed to the frame 2.
  • the intermediate support 4 is movable vertically and guided by a pair of vertical slides 68 fixed to the frame 2. It can go up or down under the action of a vertical threaded rod 55 driven in rotation , with which is engaged a nut 58 secured to said support.
  • the lower support 5 maintains a fixed position during the operation of the machine, but adjustable (depending on the height of the part to be produced) using an appropriate device not visible in the figure, by sliding along the slides 68 cited above.
  • Each of the supports 3, 4, 5 carries a circular frame.
  • These frames 8, 9, 10 are aligned along a vertical axis 11 which coincides with the axis of the reinforcements to be produced, and each of them concentrically carries a rotating crown.
  • a concentric annular plate situated in the same plane as the corresponding crown and frame.
  • These plates 52, 53, 54 are perforated to receive and maintain in position a network of metal rods 18 parallel to the axis 11. They are driven in rotation around this axis by means of toothed belts 19 passing respectively over the crowns 12, 13, 14 and on drive pulleys 20 mounted on a vertical shaft 21 rotated by a motor 22 to which it is coupled by a transmission comprising at its outlet a toothed belt 23 and a pulley 24.
  • the intermediate supports 4 and lower 5 being capable of moving vertically, the splined west shaft 21 and the corresponding pulleys 20 can slide longitudinally while remaining in engagement therewith.
  • Between the perforated plates 53 and 54 can be provided additional perforated plates 62, suspended by chains 63.
  • the upper frame 8 is, as shown, slightly inclined to the horizontal, for a reason which will appear later. This fact explains the presence of return pulleys 25 over which the corresponding belt 19 must pass.
  • Each of the plates 52, 53, 54 is identically pierced with perforations 30 (FIG. 2) regularly distributed over equisistant concentric circles, each circle having the same number of equidistant perforations
  • the perforations of a circle are staggered with respect to those of a neighbor: that is to say, the rays passing through the perforations of one share in two halves the intervals separating the perforations from the other.
  • the rods 18 are engaged through the plates 52, 53, 54 and are held there in a regular network composed of coaxial sheets 65 where two series of oblique rows 26, 27 of rods 18 appear (slightly) curved, extending in crossed directions symmetrical with respect to the radial planes such as 31 passing through rods situated at the intersection of rows of the one and the other series.
  • These oblique rows of rods delimit two series of oblique corridors 36, 37 (FIG.
  • the oblique threads 16, 17 are inserted into the network of rods 18 by knitting two chains 56, 57 from threads 46, 41 from two supply tubes 66, 67 by means of hook needles 6, 7 ( Figure 2) successively introducing each into the oblique corridors 36, 37 of one and the other of the above series of corridors.
  • These hook needles are part of a knitting device 32 (FIG. 1) fixed to the support 3. This device is shown in detail in FIG. 4 where, for reasons of clarity, only one needle is shown, know the needle 6, and its own mechanism, the other needle and its mechanism being symmetrical with respect to a radial plane.
  • This slide has a lateral slot 43 through which emerges a tab 35 for driving the needle, connected by an articulated rod 38 to one of the arms of a spreader 39 in the shape of a T, oscillating around a pivot 40 d vertical axis integral with the part 34 under the action of a control cable 41 actuated by the motor 22, the other arm a lifter 39 symmetrically receiving an actuating rod of the other needle 7.
  • the needles 6, 7 therefore enter alternately into the oblique passages 36, 37 of the network of rods 18.
  • the needle 6 (like the needle 7) is a sliding needle, which is formed by the end of a rod 42 (FIG. 2 ) can slide longitudinally inside the needle to open or close the eye of it.
  • This rod has a tab 44 which projects from the body of the needle by a notch 51 and from the slide 33 by the slot 43 and to which is articulated a rod 45 which slides in a part 48 mounted on a fixed fitting 49 and which is braked on a friction tongue 50.
  • the needle 6 having advanced, eye open, through the network of rods 18 as far as the extreme position shown in FIG. 4, it hooks the wire 46, then retreats by pulling a loop of this wire in the corridor 36 where it is finds, as far as the other extreme position shown in FIG. 2 for the needle 7.
  • the rod 42 remains stationary at first (due to the braking of the tongue 50), so that its end closes the eye, then moves back with the needle, its tab 44 abutting against the anterior edge of the notch 51.
  • the needle comes to stop outside the network of rods so as to form a loop of wire.
  • Its eye having opened thanks to a reverse movement of the rod 42, the needle releases the thread and again enters the network by passing through the loop that it has just formed.
  • the needle 7 performs the same operations, but at a height slightly greater than that of the needle 6 and in a different direction (FIG. 2).
  • the motor 22 of the machine drives the network of rods 18 in continuous rotation.
  • This network thus continuously scrolling past the knitting device 32 fixed, the needles 6, 7 thereof insert two chains 56 therein, 57 which are superimposed in helical layers in said network.
  • the loops are formed around the oblique rows 26, 27 of rods and constitute the oblique wires 16, 17, crossed between themselves and with the rods 18.
  • the wires 16, 17 thus form a second and a third system of wires intersecting with a first system of rods 18, which will then be replaced (according to the method described by the applicant in patent application No. 80/17666 by wires of the same kind as the wires of the second and third systems.
  • the perforated plate 53 As and when as the woven mass 15 is formed in the network of rods 18, the perforated plate 53, initially close to the upper support 3, descends while supporting this woven mass of increasing height, which is continuously packed by the upper perforated plate 52 thanks at the inclination given to it (at an angle depending on the diameter of the part to be produced and normally less than or equal to 15 °).
  • the chains 56, 57 made by the knitting device 32 placed on the side of the upper part of the plate 52
  • the lower part of the plate 52 is biased downwards and compacted by the lower part of the plate 52.
  • the continuous movement of descent of the plate 53 causes the woven mass 15 and the rods 18, which are periodically wound up on their passage on a vibrating bar 59 carried by a circular plate 60 linked to the lower support 5 by a fitting 61.
  • the rods 18 maintain an invariable mean position in the height direction.
  • Figures 7 to 9 illustrate the ability to deform the woven reinforcements obtained, by clamping or stretching some of their parts according to the shape that is desired. The deformations are carried out by means of modifications to the crossing angle of the wires 16 and 17.
  • a conical frame 62 obtained by widening on one side and shrinking on the other side of a shown cylindrical frame. in dashed lines.
  • Figure 8 shows an armature 63 for nozzle with converging, neck and diverging.
  • Figure 9 shows a woven piece 64 which has been given the shape of a shouldered washer.
  • the part is impregnated and then baked to solidify it definitively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Armierung in der Form eines Hohlzylinders, die von drei im wesentlichen längs der Richtungen eines dreifachrechtwinkligen Trieders sich kreuzenden Fadensystemen gewebt ist, nämlich einem ersten, zur Achse der Armierung parallelen und in äquidistanter Weise in koaxialen, ihrerseits äquidistanten Flächen angeordneten Fadensystem und einem zweiten und dritten Fadensystem, die sich im wesentlichen in den zur Achse senkrechten Ebenen erstrecken, übereinander angeordnete Lagen bilden und in jeweils zwei Serien von gekreuzten, von den Fäden des ersten Systems gebildeten Kanälen eingefügt sind, gekennzeichnet durch eine verformbare Struktur, in welcher die Fäden des ersten Systems von einer Fläche zur nächsten schachbrettartig verschoben sind, während die zwei Serien der gekreuzten Kanäle, die sie zwischen sich bilden, die gesamte Dicke der Armatur schräg, d. h. nicht radial durchsetzen.
2. Armatur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle der beiden Serien eine Schrägstellung in gleichem Ausmaß, aber in entgegengesetztem Sinn hinsichtlich der radialen Richtungen ihrer Kreuzungspunkte aufweisen.
3. Armatur nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden des zweiten und dritten Systems von den Schlingen zweier Kettenstiche gebildet sind, die jeweils in schraubenförmigen Windungen in dem Raster der Fäden des ersten Systems angelegt sind.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung von aus einem Dreifachsystem von Fäden gewebten Armaturen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welchem um eine Achse ein geordnetes Raster von fadenförmigen, zu dieser Achse parallelen Elementen gebildet wird, die die Fäden des ersten Systems verkörpern und in regelmäßigen, aufeinanderfolgenden koaxialen Flächen angeordnet sind, und bei welchen in die zwei Serien von gekreuzten Kanälen, die durch dieses Raster in Erscheinung treten, die Fäden des zweiten und dritten Systems in übereinander angeordneten Lagen eingebracht werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die fadenförmigen Elemente (18) von einer Fläche (65) zur nächsten mit schachbrettartigem Versatz angeordnet sind und daß die Fäden des zweiten Systems (16) ebenso wie die Fäden des dritten Systems (17) jeweils längs zweier sich kreuzender, schräger Richtungen in die Kanäle (36, 37) eingezogen sind, die quer zu dem Raster der fadenförmigen Elemente (18) durch deren schachbrettartige Anordnung bestimmt sind.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (16, 17) des zweiten und dritten Systems in schraubenförmigen Lagen durch Kettenstichwirken zweier verschiedener Fäden (46,47) eingezogen werden, wobei die Schlingen jeder der beiden so geformten Kettenstiche jeweils die Fäden des in die gekreuzten Kanäle (36, 37) eingefügten zweiten und dritten Systems bilden.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (16, 17) entsprechend ihrem Einbringen in das Raster aufeinander geschichtet werden.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die fadenförmigen Elemente Spannfäden sind.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die fadenförmigen Elemente dünne Stäbchen (18) sind, die nach Beendigung des Webvorganges durch Fäden ersetzt werden.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die fadenförmigen Elemente hohle Stäbchen (18) sind, in welche zuvor Fäden eingeführt worden sind und die nach Beendigung des Webvorganges entfernt werden.
10. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, mit einem festen Maschinenrahmen, der eine Gruppe drehbarer, zu einer senkrechten Hauptachse zentrischer Elemente trägt, die um diese Achse drehbar angetrieben sind und für den Halt der Stäbchen, die die Fäden des ersten Systems in einem regelmäßigen Raster von koaxialen Schichten verkörpern, für die Halterung der Stäbchen in Längsrichtung und für das Indrehungversetzen des Rasters um die Achse sowie für das Aufschichten der Lagen der in das Raster der Stäbchen eingewebten Fäden sorgen, und mit einer Wirkeinrichtung, die an dem Maschinenrahmen an einer festen Stelle in der Höhe angeordnet ist, in der das Weben der Armatur erfolgt, wobei die drehbaren Elemente von Scheiben gebildet sind, die mit gleichmäßig auf zu der Achse zentrischen Kreisen angeordneten Durchbrüchen versehen sind, durch die hindurch sich die Stäbchen erstrecken, und wobei eine dieser durchbrochenen Scheiben neben ihrer Drehbewegung eine gesteuerte und im Verlauf des Webvorganges der Armatur fortschreitende und diese haltende, dabei ihr Absenken entlang der Stäbchen ermöglichende Abwärtsbewegung durchführt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchbrüche (30) der Scheiben schachbrettartig auf den aufeinanderfolgenden Kreisen angeordnet sind und daß die Wirkeinrichtung (32) mit zwei kulissenförmigen Nadeln (6, 7) versehen ist, die eine reine Hin- und Herbewegung in Längsrichtung ausführen und schräg bezüglich der Rotationsachse (11) ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Richtung der einen rechts von dieser Achse und die der anderen links davon verläuft, und wobei die Nadeln (6,7) so angeordnet sind, daß sie bei ihrer Hin- und Herbewegung sich in die schrägen Kanäle (36, 37), die von dem Raster der Stäbchen (18) gebildet sind, hineinverlagern und darin eindringen, und zwar eine in die Kanäle der einen Serie und die andere in jene der anderen Serie, um jeweils einen Faden (46, oder 47) zu ergreifen und ihn zu einem Kettenstich (56 oder 57) zu wirken, wobei die Schlingen der beiden so im Verlauf der Drehung des Rasters der Stäbchen (18) gebildeten Kettenstiche jeweils die Fäden des zweiten Systems (16) und die Fäden des dritten Systems (17) bilden.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schrägen Kanäle (36, 37) leicht gekrümmt sind und daß die Nadeln (6, 7) entsprechend bogenförmig gestaltet und in ihrer Hin- und Herbewegung von ebenfalls bogenförmigen Gleitschienen (33) geführt sind.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie am oberen Ende des Rasters der Stäbchen (18) eine mit Aussparungen versehene Scheibe (52) aufweist, die von einem festen Träger (3) in leicht geneigter Lage gehalten ist und daß die Nadeln (6, 7) der Wirkeinrichtung von der Seite her und geringfügig unterhalb des oberen Teils der mit Aussparungen versehenen Scheibe (52) angeordnet sind, während auf der anderen Seite ihr unterer Teil sich auf die schraubenförmigen Lagen stützt, die in dem Raster der Stäbchen (18) die von den Nadeln (6, 7) eingewirkten Kettenstiche (56, 57) bilden und für deren Verdichtung sorgt.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unter dem Raster der Stäbchen (18) eine feste Scheibe (60) angeordnet ist, die mit einem Schwingungsstab (59) versehen ist, der für eine Aufrechterhaltung der Lage der Stäbchen (18) in Längsrichtung von im Mittel konstanter Höhe sorgt.
EP83401187A 1982-07-02 1983-06-10 Dreidimensional gewebte hohle Armierung, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung dieser Armierung Expired EP0098762B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8211693 1982-07-02
FR8211693A FR2529589A1 (fr) 1982-07-02 1982-07-02 Armatures creuses de revolution realisees par tissage tridimensionnel, procede et machine de fabrication de telles armatures

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EP0098762A1 EP0098762A1 (de) 1984-01-18
EP0098762B1 true EP0098762B1 (de) 1985-05-08

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US (1) US4492096A (de)
EP (1) EP0098762B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5971457A (de)
CA (1) CA1231545A (de)
DE (1) DE3360171D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2529589A1 (de)

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CN103498264B (zh) * 2013-10-12 2015-01-07 东华大学 一种用于立体圆织机的碳纤维管状立体织物牵引装置
CN103668746B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2015-05-27 青岛即发集团股份有限公司 同步定型针织圆机及其生产含热塑性纤维针织面料的方法
CN113279118B (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-12-21 南京航空航天大学 一种用于制造大型复杂异形回转大厚度预制体的多通道致密结构

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EP0098762A1 (de) 1984-01-18
CA1231545A (fr) 1988-01-19
JPS623258B2 (de) 1987-01-23
JPS5971457A (ja) 1984-04-23
DE3360171D1 (en) 1985-06-13
US4492096A (en) 1985-01-08
FR2529589B1 (de) 1984-12-28
FR2529589A1 (fr) 1984-01-06

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