EP0099776B1 - Ionisationsniveau-Detektor von einer mit elektrischem Bogen kontrollierten gasartigen Umgebung - Google Patents

Ionisationsniveau-Detektor von einer mit elektrischem Bogen kontrollierten gasartigen Umgebung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0099776B1
EP0099776B1 EP83401258A EP83401258A EP0099776B1 EP 0099776 B1 EP0099776 B1 EP 0099776B1 EP 83401258 A EP83401258 A EP 83401258A EP 83401258 A EP83401258 A EP 83401258A EP 0099776 B1 EP0099776 B1 EP 0099776B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
conductivity
electrodes
voltage
gaseous medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83401258A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0099776A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Nudelmont
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Pgep Professional General Electronic Products SA
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Pgep Professional General Electronic Products SA
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Priority to AT83401258T priority Critical patent/ATE42648T1/de
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Application granted granted Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ionization level detector controlled by an electric arc.
  • ionic fire detectors are already widespread due to the very rapid response of these devices and their low sensitivity to the harmful action of gases.
  • the detector shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 essentially comprises a single chamber 4 of which the opening is covered by a fine protective grid 5 grounded.
  • the grid allows in particular the suppression of parasitic radioelectric emissions.
  • the electrodes E 1 and E 2 used for the production of intermittent arcs as well as the electrodes E 3 and E4 for measuring the conductivity of the medium are supplied with voltage by the windings 7 of a transformer whose primary winding 8 is controlled through gate 9 of transistor Z 1 .
  • This door is connected by the circuit 10 to the circuit for measuring the conductivity of the space between the electrodes E 3 and E4.
  • the primary winding 8 is supplied by means of terminals 1 and 2 connected to the terminals of any supply device supplying respectively a positive voltage to the terminal 1 for example of + 6V and a negative voltage to the terminal 2 of - 6V.
  • the reference voltage at terminal 3 can be + 6V.
  • the capacitor Ci connected to terminal 2 and to terminal 1 by the resistor R 1 is charged.
  • the capacitor C 1 discharges through Z 1 through the primary winding 8 of the transformer. Since the discharge takes place in an extremely short time, a significant difference in potential occurs at the terminals of the secondary winding 7 connected to the electrodes E 1 and E 2 thus causing an electric arc between these electrodes.
  • the increase in the ionization of the medium contained in the chamber 4 increases the conductivity between the electrodes E 3 and E4 resulting in the increase in the voltage of the gate 9.
  • the capacitor Ci having just discharged, it can be seen that the overshoot of the voltage of the anode 11 by the voltage of the door 9 occurs in a very short time, the discharge of the capacitor causing the immediate interruption by Z 1 of the supply of the winding 8.
  • the capacitor C 2 charges to a certain value and that the moment when the voltage of the gate 9 exceeds that of the anode is a function of the conductivity of the space located between the electrodes E 3 and E4 as well as values of resistors R 2 and R 3 . It follows that, if over time, the conductivity varies between E 3 and E4 due to a rapid disappearance of the ions due to the arrival in the chamber 4 of particles emitted for example during a fire, the frequency the arc between E 1 and E 2 increases. This provides a convenient means of detecting pollution of the environment surrounding the chamber 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows in Vg the decrease curve of the voltage of the gate 9 causing the abrupt conduction of Z 1 , when the anode voltage represented in V 11 exceeds the value V L of the voltage Vg of the gate 9.
  • the voltage V 12 of cathode 12 then increases suddenly at time t, then decreases until time t 2 .
  • the capacitor Ci charges again and the cycle begins again.
  • FIG. 3 shows a succession of pulses for controlling the electric arc causing the ionization of the chamber 4 as well as the resistivity curve 13 as a function of time during the detection of a certain pollution that the the frequency of the pulses V 12 for controlling the arc between the electrodes E 1 and E 2 is also detected.
  • An alarm signal of any type can be triggered by the device 30 shown in FIG. 4. This can for example include a missing pulse detection circuit of known type sold for example under the reference "Philips 555" and that just connect to the elements shown in the diagram in Figure 1 by connecting the input 25 of the detection circuit to the terminal 3 of the circuit of Figure 1.
  • the output 24 of the detection device 30 is connected to any desired alarm device 31, so that, when the pulses are spaced as in FIG.
  • the circuit 30 before increasing the resistivity, the circuit 30 gives a normal response between A and B.
  • the increase in the frequency of pulses V 12 causes an output signal at 24 from the detection device 30.
  • the connection 32 to the alarm device 31 thus triggers any device.
  • the trigger signal at 24 does not disappear until the return of the pitch frequency at C.
  • FIG. 5 A variant of the signaling control circuit has been shown in FIG. 5.
  • the junction point 14 of the resistors R 2 and R 3 is connected on the one hand directly to the negative input of an operational amplifier 15, on the other hand to the positive input of the amplifier 15 via the circuit consisting of the diode D 2 and the delay line composed of the resistor R 4 and the capacitor C 3 .
  • FIG. 6 shows the curve 16 of the decrease in conductivity in the normal medium that the ion detector monitors and at 17 the curve of the voltage drop at the input of the circuit R 4 , C 3 as a function of time ce circuit being previously adjusted so that at all times the value of the voltage represented by curve 17 is lower than that represented by curve 16.
  • the voltage represented by curve 17 serves as a reference threshold and allows that as soon as particles penetrate in chamber 4 and cause the number of ions in space E 3 , E4 to decrease, to control the operational amplifier 15, the curve of voltage V 10 at junction point 14 decreasing faster than that of circuit R 4 - C 3 .
  • the output voltage V o of the amplifier 15 can be used to control any alarm circuit, such as 31 for example.
  • This very simple signaling control circuit has the advantage of being very sensitive and is particularly suitable for monitoring environments where humidity and temperature are relatively constant.
  • the signaling control device can be replaced by the device shown in FIG. 7 allowing the voltage to be compared V lo taken at junction point 14 after a predetermined period T 1 following the control of the arc causing the ionization, with the previous value of this voltage V 10 previously recorded.
  • the voltage V io representative of the conduction between the electrodes E 3 and E4, is injected into the operational amplifier 18 serving as an impedance transformer, so that the same voltage source V 10 is applied to the terminal 27 of transistor 26 of the MOS type, the drain of which is connected at 28 to the negative input of amplifier 20 and to resistor R s .
  • the gate 29 controlling the conduction of the MOS transistor 26 serving as a switch is connected by 32 of the timing circuit 23.
  • This circuit causes a transmission delay T z , FIG. 8, of the signal transmitted by the differential circuit C 7 , R 7 .
  • This signal comes from the amplifier 19 via the circuit C 6 , R 6 and the timing circuit 22 which introduces the delay T 1, shown in FIG. 8.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Chairs Characterized By Structure (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Detektor für die Bestimmung des lonisationsniveaus in einer gasartigen Umgebung, mit einer einzigen Kammer (4), in welcher ein erstes Paar Elektroden (E1, E2) vorgesehen ist, zwischen denen ein Lichtbogen eine Ionisierung der gasartigen Umgebung hervorruft, und ein zweites Paar Elektroden (E3, E4), zwischen denen die spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung nach der durch den Lichtbogen hervorgerufenen Ionisierung gemessen wird, gekennzeichnet durch
- eine Schaltung für das Auslösen des Lichtbogens mit hintereinander liegendem Widerstand (R1) und Kondensator (C1) unter gleichbleibender Vorspannung, wobei der Mittenpunkt der Schaltung (R1, C1) mit der Primärseite (8) eines Transformators über einen Transistor (Z1) verbunden ist und die Sekundärseite (7) des Transformators an den beiden Elektroden (E1, E2) des ersten Elektrodenpaars liegt,
- eine Schaltung zum Messen der spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung mit einer Kapazität (C2) und zwei Widerständen (R3, R2), die hintereinander zwischen die Elektroden (E3, E4) des zweiten Paares geschaltet sind,
- und einen Stromkreis (10), der zwischen den gemeinsamen Punkt (14) der beiden Widerstände (R3, R2) der Schaltung zum Messen der spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung und das Tor (9) des Transistors (Z1) der Schaltung zum Auslösen des Lichtbogens gelegt ist, so daß der Lichtbogen ausgelöst wird, wenn das von der Ladung des genannten Kondensators (C1) herrührende Potential der Anode (11) des Transistors (Z1) das von dem Maß der spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung herrührende und für den Betrag der Verminderung der Ionen in der Kammer kennzeichnende Potential des Tors (9) des Transistors (Z1) übersteigt.
2. Detektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (E3, E4) zum Messen der spezischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung von der Sekundärseite (7) des Transformators, der mittels einer Diode (D1) parallel zu der genannten Kapazität (C2) geschaltet ist, mit Spannung versorgt werden.
3. Detektor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß außerdem eine zur Anzeige des Abfalls der spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit dienende Vorrichtung (31) vorgesehen ist, die durch einen auf die Änderung der Ladefrequenz des genannten Kondensators (C1) ansprechenden Detektor (30) gesteuert wird.
4. Detektor nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Katode (12) des genannten Transistors (Z1) mit einem Eingang (25) des genannten Detektors (30) für die Änderung der Ladefrequenz des genannten Kondensators (C1) verbunden ist.
5. Detektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der den beiden Widerständen (R3, R2) gemeinsame Punkt (14) der Schaltung für die Messung der spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung einerseits mit dem Minus-Eingang eines Funktionsverstärkers (15) direkt verbunden ist, andererseits mit dem Plus-Eingang des genannten Funktionsverstärkers (15) über eine Parallelschaltung von Widerstand und Kapazität (R4. C3), die eine abnehmende variable Spannung (17) erzeugt, welche unter der theoretischen abnehmenden variablen Spannung (16) liegt, die der Abnahme der Ionisierung in der Kammer (4) entspricht.
6. Detektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der den beiden Widerständen (R3, R2) gemeinsame Punkt (14) der Schaltung zum Messen der spezifischen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der gasartigen Umgebung einerseits verbunden ist mit einer Speichervorrichtung (C5) der für die spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit zwischen den Meßelektroden (E3, E4) kennzeichnenden Spannung (V10) und andererseits mit einer Steuervorrichtung (19), an deren Ausgang zwei Verzögerungsleitungen (22, 23) liegen, die den Zugang der genannten Spannung (V10) gleichzeitig zu dem genannten Speicher (C5) und zu einem Funktionsverstärker (20) steuern, der eine Anzeigevorrichtung (31) kontrolliert.
7. Detektor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zugang der genannten Spannung (V10) zu dem Speicher (C5) gesteuert wird durch einen MOS-Transistor (26), der als Schalter benutzt und von der genannten Steuervorrichtung (19) gesteuert wird, welche Steuervorrichtung (19) ausgebildet ist als Funktionsverstärker, dem einerseits eine Bezugsspannung (21) und andererseits die genannte, für die spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit zwischen den Meßelektroden (E3, E4) kennzeichnende Spannung (V10) zugeführt wird.
EP83401258A 1982-06-17 1983-06-17 Ionisationsniveau-Detektor von einer mit elektrischem Bogen kontrollierten gasartigen Umgebung Expired EP0099776B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83401258T ATE42648T1 (de) 1982-06-17 1983-06-17 Ionisationsniveau-detektor von einer mit elektrischem bogen kontrollierten gasartigen umgebung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8210592A FR2528980A1 (fr) 1982-06-17 1982-06-17 Detecteur de niveau d'ionisation d'un milieu gazeux controle par arc electrique
FR8210592 1982-06-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0099776A1 EP0099776A1 (de) 1984-02-01
EP0099776B1 true EP0099776B1 (de) 1989-04-26

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ID=9275106

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EP83401258A Expired EP0099776B1 (de) 1982-06-17 1983-06-17 Ionisationsniveau-Detektor von einer mit elektrischem Bogen kontrollierten gasartigen Umgebung

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US (1) US4629992A (de)
EP (1) EP0099776B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59501124A (de)
AT (1) ATE42648T1 (de)
AU (1) AU571838B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1212784A (de)
DE (1) DE3379756D1 (de)
DK (1) DK163152C (de)
ES (1) ES523393A0 (de)
FI (1) FI80804C (de)
FR (1) FR2528980A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1984000074A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5164673A (en) * 1989-11-13 1992-11-17 Rosener Kirk W Induced electric field sensor
DE4038994C2 (de) * 1990-12-06 1994-03-10 Lehmann Martin Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Meßgröße und Meßanordnung
CA2032912C (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-06-28 Bryan M. Latta Nonintrusive gas-level measurement apparatus
US5324398A (en) * 1992-06-19 1994-06-28 Water Regeneration Systems, Inc. Capacitive discharge control circuit for use with electrolytic fluid treatment systems
US6781384B2 (en) * 2001-07-24 2004-08-24 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Enhancing the stability of electrical discharges
EP3074765B1 (de) * 2013-11-26 2020-11-11 Smiths Detection Montreal Inc. Entladungsionenquelle mit einer dielektrischen sperre für spektrometrie

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2550498A (en) * 1947-06-14 1951-04-24 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for electrically detecting vapors and the like
FR1540305A (fr) * 1967-02-09 1968-09-27 Dispositif perfectionné de détection d'incendie
DE2029485B2 (de) * 1969-06-21 1971-11-25 Nittan Co. Ltd., Tokio Ionisations rauchfuehler
US3728615A (en) * 1969-10-29 1973-04-17 Eaton Yale & Towne Smoke, gas, or rapid temperature increase detector utilizing a periodic electric field to create a self-sustained avalanche current
US3673586A (en) * 1970-02-19 1972-06-27 Statitrol Corp Resistance controlled timed pulse generator
US3742475A (en) * 1971-03-16 1973-06-26 Tif Instr Inc Gaseous impurity detector employing corona discharge phenomenon
CH593491A5 (de) * 1973-12-06 1977-12-15 Nat Res Dev
US3949390A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-04-06 Rca Corporation High voltage aerosol detector
BE881812A (nl) * 1979-12-17 1980-06-16 Cerberus Ag Meldingsstelsel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI840623A (fi) 1984-02-15
ES8404511A1 (es) 1984-04-16
US4629992A (en) 1986-12-16
FR2528980A1 (fr) 1983-12-23
AU571838B2 (en) 1988-04-28
FI80804C (fi) 1990-07-10
JPH0331387B2 (de) 1991-05-02
DK59084D0 (da) 1984-02-10
ES523393A0 (es) 1984-04-16
DK163152C (da) 1992-06-22
DE3379756D1 (en) 1989-06-01
JPS59501124A (ja) 1984-06-28
ATE42648T1 (de) 1989-05-15
FI80804B (fi) 1990-03-30
DK163152B (da) 1992-01-27
WO1984000074A1 (fr) 1984-01-05
EP0099776A1 (de) 1984-02-01
FI840623A0 (fi) 1984-02-15
DK59084A (da) 1984-02-10
AU1607183A (en) 1984-01-16
CA1212784A (fr) 1986-10-14
FR2528980B1 (de) 1985-01-25

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