EP0094825B1

EP0094825B1 - Convective drying

Info

Publication number: EP0094825B1
Application number: EP83302767A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Leslie Jones
Original assignee: Electricity Council
Current assignee: Cessione ea Technology Ltd
Priority date: 1982-05-17
Filing date: 1983-05-16
Publication date: 1988-06-29
Also published as: EP0094825A3; AU1458083A; EP0094825A2; CA1241537A; DE3377227D1; ZA833515B; GB2123537A; GB2123537B; AU565203B2; NO831748L; FI831711L; FI831711A0; ATE35454T1; JPS5932777A

Abstract

A convective dryer has nozzle 11 and 13 for directing hot air from a heater 20 at a material 10 to be heated. The nozzles 11 and 13 are electrically conductive and also constitute electrodes energised by an R.F. generator 17 to generate an R.F. field in the region of the material 10 to augment drying.

Description

The invention relates to methods of and apparatus for convective drying of materials in which heated air or other gas is directed onto the material to be dried.
Such a dryer comprises a plurality of nozzles or jets for the heated air or gas and the material is passed between or below these jets or nozzles. The material may be a web, e.g. of fabric, which is passed between the jets or nozzles or it may be material, e.g. sheet material or pieces, which is carried on a belt or other carrier between or below the jets or nozzles.
EP-A-0009195 discloses a radio frequency drier for progressive drying of a paper web, in which nozzle chests are provided as the electrodes. Hot gases are emitted by the nozzles to support the web and to remove steam clouds which may occur in the radio frequency drying process.
According to the present invention, there is provided a progressive dryer having a drying zone, means for continuously feeding material to be dried through the drying zone, a plurality of jets or nozzles in the drying zone for directing heated gas from a heater on to the material, the jets or nozzles being formed of electrically conductive material and constituting electrodes of radio frequency heating means to provide a radio frequency field in the drying zone, characterised in that the progressive drier is primarily a hot gas convective drier, the heating power input to the heater used to heat the gas forming a major part of the total heating power input supplied to both the heater and the radio frequency heating means.
By this arrangement, the radio frequency heating means heats the material internally so that heat transfer to the material occurs within the body of the material as well as on the surface thereof where the convective heating is effected.
The internal heating of the material causes moisture from the interior to move to the surface of the material, keeping this surface wet and so allowing higher air (or other gas) temperatures to be used than would be the case in the absence of radio frequency heating. Thus the overall drying efficiency is increased, resulting in increased drying speeds and reduced dryer length and may give improved material quality.
The invention furthermore includes within its scope a method of drying, comprising continuously feeding a'material to be dried through a drying zone in which the material is simultaneously subjected to jets or streams of heated gas and to heating by a radio frequency field, characterised in that the heating power used to heat the gas forms a major 'part of the total heating power supplied to both the gas and generating the radio frequency field, so that the material is primarily dried by hot gas convection.
The material to be dried would usually be electrically non-conductive and thus the radio frequency field would give dielectric heating. The frequency of operation may be chosen in accordance with known practice for dielectric heating.
The radio frequency heating may be "stray field" heating in which the electrodes are all arranged beneath the material to be dried. Preferably however "through field" heating is effected using electrodes above the material co-operating with electrodes below the material. The electrodes in such an arrangement preferably are staggered, that is to say upper electrodes are arranged above spaces between lower electrodes.
The major part of the total heat power input is applied to heating the air or other gas for the convective drying. Typically the amount of power input to the radio frequency heating is between 1/5th and 1/10th of the total energy input to the dryer.
The jets or nozzles for the heated gas may be arranged, in the known way, to form an air flotation device to support the material to be dried. Such an arrangement may conveniently be used for the drying of webs of material.
For materials which have to be carried through the dryer on a belt, it is convenient to provide jets or nozzles both above and below the belt, these jets or nozzles being arranged to form electrodes of a "through field" radio frequency heating system. Such an arrangement may conveniently be applied to the drying of sheet materials such as insulation board and plaster board and to other products such as pulp or fibre mouldings.
In the following description of one embodiment of the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawing which illustrates diagrammatically in side elevation a dryer for web material.
Referring to the drawing, the material to be dried is shown diagrammatically as a web 10 of electrically non-conductive material which is moved through the dryer in the direction of the arrow A. Above the web is a plurality of spaced nozzle boxes 11 each constituting an electrode and each having one or more nozzles 12 for directing heated air onto the web. Similarly, below the web, there are nozzle boxes 13, these nozzle boxes constituting electrodes and having nozzles 14 to direct heated air onto the web.
Electrically' the nozzle boxes 11 are connected as shown at 15 in parallel to one output terminal 16 of a radio frequency generator 17. The nozzle boxes 13 are connected electrically in parallel as shown at 18 to the second terminal 19 of the radio frequency generator. The various nozzles are fed from an air heater 20 in which the heat may be generated from any convenient fuel source for example, gas, oil, steam banks or electrical resistance heaters.
The resonant frequency of the output circuit of the radio frequency heater may be made controllable, as is well known in radio frequency heating, e.g. by the use of adjustable capacitors or inductors in the radio frequency circuit.
The positional arrangement of the electrodes in which the upper electrodes 11 are staggered with respect to the lower electrodes 13, provides a "through field" radio frequency heating system which permits relatively thick materials to be processed without substantial differential heating occurring. The ratio of the vertical spacing between the upper and lower electrodes (as shown at a in the figure) to the horizontal spacing (as shown at b in the figure) is chosen to suit the particular material -being dried, this ratio being chosen in accordance with the thickness of the material, the loss factor and the vapour diffusion characteristics through the material, as well as to give optimum web stability and convective heat transfer. The radio frequency heating heats the material internally and so tends to drive moisture towards the surface of the material thereby keeping the surface of the material wet. This allows the drying to take place at a much higher air temperature than would be possible if there was no radio frequency heating and hence gives an improved drying efficiency and increased drying speeds.
The major part of the energy input to the system is into the air heaters. The amount of energy provided by the radio frequency heating is typically between 1/5th and 1/10th of the total energy input to the dryer.
Although in the embodiment illustrated, the electrodes and nozzles are spaced along the length of the web to be dried, they may additionally or alternatively be spaced across the width of the web.

Claims

1. A progressive dryer having a drying zone, means for continuously feeding material (10)tobe dried through the drying zone, a plurality of jets or nozzles (11, 13) in the drying zone for directing heated gas from a heater (20) on to the material, the jets or nozzles (11, 13) being formed of electrically conductive material and constituting electrodes of radio frequency heating means (15-19) to provide a radio frequency field in the drying zone, characterised in that the progressive drier is primarily a hot gas convective drier, the heating power input to the heater (20) used to heat the gas forming a major part of the total heating power input supplied to both the heater (20) and the radio frequency heating means (15-19).

2. A convective dryer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrodes are all arranged beneath the material to be dried.

3. A convective dryer as claimed in claim 1 wherein electrodes are provided above the material co-operating with electrodes below the material.

4. A convective dryer as claimed in claim 3 wherein the electrodes are staggered, with upper electrodes arranged above spaces between lower electrodes.

5. A convective dryer as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the heating power input to the radio frequency heating means (15-19) is between 1/5th and 1/10th of said total heating power input to the dryer.

6. A convective dryer as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the jets or nozzles for the heated gas are arranged to provide an air cushion to support the material to be dried.

7. A method of drying, comprising continuously feeding a material to be dried through a drying zone in which the material is simultaneously subjected to jets or streams of heated gas and to heating by a radio frequency field, characterised in that the heating power used to heat the gas forms a major part of the total heating power supplied to both the gas and generating the radio frequency field, so that the material is primarily dried by hot gas convection.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the heating power input to generating the radio frequency field is between 1/5th and 1/10th of the total heating power input to the dryer.