EP0094825A2 - Convective drying - Google Patents
Convective drying Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0094825A2 EP0094825A2 EP83302767A EP83302767A EP0094825A2 EP 0094825 A2 EP0094825 A2 EP 0094825A2 EP 83302767 A EP83302767 A EP 83302767A EP 83302767 A EP83302767 A EP 83302767A EP 0094825 A2 EP0094825 A2 EP 0094825A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- radio frequency
- dryer
- nozzles
- convective
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
- F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/343—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects in combination with convection
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods of and apparatus for convective drying of materials in which heated air or other gas is directed onto the material to be dried.
- Such a dryer may comprise a plurality of nozzles or jets for. the heated air or gas and the material is passed between or below these jets or nozzles.
- the material may be a web, e.g. of fabric, which is passed between the jets or nozzles or it may be material, e.g. sheet material or pieces, which is carried on a belt or other carrier between or below the jets or nozzles.
- these jets or nozzles are formed of electrically conductive material and are arranged to constitute the electrodes or at least some of the electrodes of radio frequency heating means providing a radio frequency field in the region through which the material to be dried is passed.
- the radio frequency heating means heats the material internally so that heat transfer to the material occurs within the body of the material as well as on the surface thereof where the convective heating is effected.
- the internal heating of the material causes moisture from the interior to move to the surface of the material, keeping this surface wet and so allowing higher air (or other gas) temperatures to be used than would be the case in the absence of radio frequency heating.
- the overall drying efficiency is increased, resulting in increased drying speeds and reduced dryer length and may give improved material quality.
- the invention furthermore includes within its scope a method of drying a material comprising the steps of passing the material through a heated gas stream and simultaneously subjecting the material to a radio frequency field.
- the material to be dried would usually be electrically non-conductive and thus the radio frequency field would give dielectric heating.
- the frequency of operation may be chosen in accordance with known practice for dielectric heating.
- the radio frequency heating may be "stray field” heating in which the electrodes are all arranged beneath the material to be dried.
- Preferably however “through field” heating is effected using electrodes above the material co-operating with electrodes below the material.
- the electrodes in such an arrangement preferably are staggered, that is to say a upper electrodes are arranged above spaces between lower electrodes.
- the major part of the heat input is applied to heating the air or other gas for the convective drying.
- the amount of power input to the radio frequency heating is between 1/5th and 1/10th of the.total energy input to the dryer.
- the jets or nozzles for the heated gas may be arranged, in the known way, to form an air flotation device to support the material to be dried. Such an arrangement may conveniently be used for the drying of webs of material.
- jets or nozzles both above and below the belt, these jets or nozzles being arranged to form electrodes of a "through field" radio frequency heating system.
- Such an arrangement may conveniently be applied to the drying of sheet materials such as insulation board and plaster board and to other products such as pulp or fibre mouldings.
- the technique may also be applied to the baking or processing of a wide range of foodstuffs.
- the material to be dried is shown diagrammatically as a web 10 of electrically non-conductive material which is moved through the dryer in the direction of the arrow A.
- a web 10 of electrically non-conductive material which is moved through the dryer in the direction of the arrow A.
- nozzle boxes 11 each constituting an electrode and each having one or more nozzles 12 for directing heated air onto the web.
- nozzle boxes 13 these nozzle boxes constituting electrodes and having nozzles 14 to direct heated air onto the web.
- the nozzle boxes 11 are connected as shown at 15 in parallel to one output terminal 16 of a radio frequency generator 17.
- the nozzle boxes 13 are connected electrically in parallel as shown at 18 to the second terminal 19 of the radio frequency generator.
- the various nozzles are fed from an air heater 20 in which the heat may be generated from any convenient fuel source for example, gas, oil, steam banks or electrical resistance heaters.
- the resonant frequency of the output circuit of the radio frequency heater may be made controllable, as is well known in radio frequency heating, e.g. by the use of adjustable capacitors or inductors in the radio frequency circuit.
- the positional arrangement of the electrodes in which the upper electrodes 11 are staggered with respect to the lower electrodes 13, provides a "through field" radio frequency heating system which permits relatively thick materials to be processed without substantial differential heating occurring.
- the ratio of the vertical spacing between the upper and lower electrodes (as shown at a in the figure) to the horizontal spacing (as shown at b in the figure) is chosen to suit the particular material being dried, this ratio being chosen in accordance with the thickness of the material,_ the loss factor and the vapour diffusion characteristics through the material, as well as to give optimum web stability and convective heat transfer.
- the radio frequency heating heats the material internally and so tends to drive moisture towards the surface of the material thereby keeping the surface of the material wet. This allows the drying to take place at a much higher air temperature than would be possible if there was no radio frequency heating and hence gives an improved drying efficiency and increased drying speeds.
- the major part of the energy input to the system is into the air heaters.
- the amount of energy provided by the radio frequency heating is typically between 1/5th and 1/10th of the total energy input to the dryer.
- the electrodes and nozzles are spaced along the length of the web to be dried, they may additionally or alternatively be spaced across the width of the web.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to methods of and apparatus for convective drying of materials in which heated air or other gas is directed onto the material to be dried.
- Such a dryer may comprise a plurality of nozzles or jets for. the heated air or gas and the material is passed between or below these jets or nozzles. The material may be a web, e.g. of fabric, which is passed between the jets or nozzles or it may be material, e.g. sheet material or pieces, which is carried on a belt or other carrier between or below the jets or nozzles.
- According to the present invention, in a convective dryer having a plurality of jets or nozzles for directing a heated gas onto material passed over the jets or nozzles, these jets or nozzles are formed of electrically conductive material and are arranged to constitute the electrodes or at least some of the electrodes of radio frequency heating means providing a radio frequency field in the region through which the material to be dried is passed.
- By this arrangement, the radio frequency heating means heats the material internally so that heat transfer to the material occurs within the body of the material as well as on the surface thereof where the convective heating is effected.
- The internal heating of the material causes moisture from the interior to move to the surface of the material, keeping this surface wet and so allowing higher air (or other gas) temperatures to be used than would be the case in the absence of radio frequency heating. Thus the overall drying efficiency is increased, resulting in increased drying speeds and reduced dryer length and may give improved material quality.
- The invention furthermore includes within its scope a method of drying a material comprising the steps of passing the material through a heated gas stream and simultaneously subjecting the material to a radio frequency field.
- The material to be dried would usually be electrically non-conductive and thus the radio frequency field would give dielectric heating. The frequency of operation may be chosen in accordance with known practice for dielectric heating.
- The radio frequency heating may be "stray field" heating in which the electrodes are all arranged beneath the material to be dried. Preferably however "through field" heating is effected using electrodes above the material co-operating with electrodes below the material. The electrodes in such an arrangement preferably are staggered, that is to say a upper electrodes are arranged above spaces between lower electrodes.
- Preferably the major part of the heat input is applied to heating the air or other gas for the convective drying. Typically the amount of power input to the radio frequency heating is between 1/5th and 1/10th of the.total energy input to the dryer.
- The jets or nozzles for the heated gas may be arranged, in the known way, to form an air flotation device to support the material to be dried. Such an arrangement may conveniently be used for the drying of webs of material.
- For materials which have to be carried through the dryer on a belt, it is convenient to provide jets or nozzles both above and below the belt, these jets or nozzles being arranged to form electrodes of a "through field" radio frequency heating system. Such an arrangement may conveniently be applied to the drying of sheet materials such as insulation board and plaster board and to other products such as pulp or fibre mouldings. The technique may also be applied to the baking or processing of a wide range of foodstuffs.
- In the following description of one embodiment of the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawing which illustrates diagrammatically in side elevation a dryer for web material.
- Referring to the drawing, the material to be dried is shown diagrammatically as a
web 10 of electrically non-conductive material which is moved through the dryer in the direction of the arrow A. Above the web is a plurality of spacednozzle boxes 11 each constituting an electrode and each having one or more nozzles 12 for directing heated air onto the web. Similarly, below the web, there are nozzle boxes 13, these nozzle boxes constituting electrodes and having nozzles 14 to direct heated air onto the web. - Electrically the
nozzle boxes 11 are connected as shown at 15 in parallel to oneoutput terminal 16 of aradio frequency generator 17. The nozzle boxes 13 are connected electrically in parallel as shown at 18 to thesecond terminal 19 of the radio frequency generator. The various nozzles are fed from anair heater 20 in which the heat may be generated from any convenient fuel source for example, gas, oil, steam banks or electrical resistance heaters. - The resonant frequency of the output circuit of the radio frequency heater may be made controllable, as is well known in radio frequency heating, e.g. by the use of adjustable capacitors or inductors in the radio frequency circuit.
- The positional arrangement of the electrodes in which the
upper electrodes 11 are staggered with respect to the lower electrodes 13, provides a "through field" radio frequency heating system which permits relatively thick materials to be processed without substantial differential heating occurring. The ratio of the vertical spacing between the upper and lower electrodes (as shown at a in the figure) to the horizontal spacing (as shown at b in the figure) is chosen to suit the particular material being dried, this ratio being chosen in accordance with the thickness of the material,_ the loss factor and the vapour diffusion characteristics through the material, as well as to give optimum web stability and convective heat transfer. The radio frequency heating heats the material internally and so tends to drive moisture towards the surface of the material thereby keeping the surface of the material wet. This allows the drying to take place at a much higher air temperature than would be possible if there was no radio frequency heating and hence gives an improved drying efficiency and increased drying speeds. - The major part of the energy input to the system is into the air heaters. The amount of energy provided by the radio frequency heating is typically between 1/5th and 1/10th of the total energy input to the dryer.
- Although in the embodiment illustrated, the electrodes and nozzles are spaced along the length of the web to be dried, they may additionally or alternatively be spaced across the width of the web.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83302767T ATE35454T1 (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1983-05-16 | CONVECTION DRYING. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08214289A GB2123537B (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1982-05-17 | Convective drying |
GB8214289 | 1982-05-17 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0094825A2 true EP0094825A2 (en) | 1983-11-23 |
EP0094825A3 EP0094825A3 (en) | 1985-01-16 |
EP0094825B1 EP0094825B1 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
Family
ID=10530398
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83302767A Expired EP0094825B1 (en) | 1982-05-17 | 1983-05-16 | Convective drying |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0094825B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5932777A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE35454T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU565203B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1241537A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3377227D1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI831711L (en) |
GB (1) | GB2123537B (en) |
NO (1) | NO831748L (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA833515B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0203377A1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-12-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Blow tunnel for drying lacquered work pieces |
EP0269358A2 (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1988-06-01 | PETRIE & McNAUGHT LIMITED | Drying or baking apparatus |
US5659972A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-08-26 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Apparatus and method for drying or curing web materials and coatings |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2159613A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-04 | Stocker Electronics Company | Timber drying |
US4638571A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-01-27 | Cook William A | Radio frequency nozzle bar dryer |
GB8629882D0 (en) * | 1986-12-15 | 1987-01-28 | Greenbank Eng Co Ltd | Convective drying apparatus |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB914546A (en) * | 1959-08-20 | 1963-01-02 | Basf Ag | Apparatus for the thermal treatment and/or reaction of materials in a high-frequencyfield |
EP0009195A1 (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1980-04-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for guiding a web, in particular a web of paper |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB620956A (en) * | 1947-02-04 | 1949-04-01 | P R T Lab Ltd | Improvements in or relating to heating and drying by radio frequency currents |
GB1236374A (en) * | 1967-07-17 | 1971-06-23 | Sericol Group Ltd | Improvements in the drying of sheet or web material |
FR2089900A5 (en) * | 1970-04-23 | 1972-01-07 | Menschner Johanne Textil | |
GB1424431A (en) * | 1973-03-19 | 1976-02-11 | Kanebo Ltd | Process and apparatus for drying porous material |
GB1486415A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1977-09-21 | Wira & Mather | Method and means for drying objects of or containing textile fibres |
GB1556296A (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-11-21 | Magnetronics Ltd | Apparatus for electromagnetic irradiation of a material web |
-
1982
- 1982-05-17 GB GB08214289A patent/GB2123537B/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-05-16 CA CA000428244A patent/CA1241537A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-16 NO NO831748A patent/NO831748L/en unknown
- 1983-05-16 AT AT83302767T patent/ATE35454T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-05-16 FI FI831711A patent/FI831711L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-05-16 AU AU14580/83A patent/AU565203B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-05-16 EP EP83302767A patent/EP0094825B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-16 DE DE8383302767T patent/DE3377227D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-17 JP JP58086497A patent/JPS5932777A/en active Pending
- 1983-05-17 ZA ZA833515A patent/ZA833515B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB914546A (en) * | 1959-08-20 | 1963-01-02 | Basf Ag | Apparatus for the thermal treatment and/or reaction of materials in a high-frequencyfield |
EP0009195A1 (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1980-04-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for guiding a web, in particular a web of paper |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0203377A1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-12-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Blow tunnel for drying lacquered work pieces |
EP0269358A2 (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1988-06-01 | PETRIE & McNAUGHT LIMITED | Drying or baking apparatus |
EP0269358A3 (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1989-08-30 | PETRIE & McNAUGHT LIMITED | Drying or baking apparatus |
US5659972A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-08-26 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Apparatus and method for drying or curing web materials and coatings |
EP0853748A1 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1998-07-22 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Apparatus and method for drying or curing web materials and coatings |
US5813134A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1998-09-29 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Apparatus and method for drying or curing web materials and coatings |
EP0853748A4 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1999-09-15 | Avery Dennison Corp | Apparatus and method for drying or curing web materials and coatings |
US5981022A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1999-11-09 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Apparatus and method for drying or curing web materials and coatings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI831711L (en) | 1983-11-18 |
GB2123537B (en) | 1985-10-02 |
AU565203B2 (en) | 1987-09-10 |
ZA833515B (en) | 1984-01-25 |
ATE35454T1 (en) | 1988-07-15 |
EP0094825A3 (en) | 1985-01-16 |
DE3377227D1 (en) | 1988-08-04 |
AU1458083A (en) | 1983-11-24 |
FI831711A0 (en) | 1983-05-16 |
GB2123537A (en) | 1984-02-01 |
EP0094825B1 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
CA1241537A (en) | 1988-09-06 |
JPS5932777A (en) | 1984-02-22 |
NO831748L (en) | 1983-11-18 |
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