EP0094378B1 - Fusion device with consumable electrodes - Google Patents

Fusion device with consumable electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094378B1
EP0094378B1 EP19830890082 EP83890082A EP0094378B1 EP 0094378 B1 EP0094378 B1 EP 0094378B1 EP 19830890082 EP19830890082 EP 19830890082 EP 83890082 A EP83890082 A EP 83890082A EP 0094378 B1 EP0094378 B1 EP 0094378B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
lever
load cell
carriage
holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830890082
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0094378A2 (en
EP0094378A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Machner
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Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
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Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
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Publication of EP0094378A3 publication Critical patent/EP0094378A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/10—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
    • H05B7/101—Mountings, supports or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc
    • H05B7/102—Mountings, supports or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc specially adapted for consumable electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out remelting processes with self-consuming electrodes, which device has a liftable and lowerable, with at least one load cell measuring device provided for determining the respective electrode weight with an electrode holder, via which the power supply line is led to the electrode .
  • the melting rate has a decisive influence on the block quality achieved, especially when vacuum arc remelting (referred to in the professional world as VAR process). For this reason, the remelting speed in the VAR process is regulated by setting appropriate electrical parameters.
  • the constant reduction in weight of the electrode during remelting is used as the measurement variable for determining the melting rate.
  • the respective electrode weight is preferably determined by pressure load cells which are arranged in the region of the electrode feed rod.
  • pressure transducers are not a problem for the VAR process because, on the one hand, they can be positioned outside the thermally influenced zone or in an area without heat being influenced by the weld pool; on the other hand, due to the process, the feed rod must be welded centrally onto the electrode, thereby avoiding unbalance. Because the process works with direct current, no voltages are induced in the load cell, so that there are no problems with the power lines.
  • the alternating magnetic field of the melt stream can, on the one hand, cause the pressure cell to heat up to impermissibly high temperatures; on the other hand, there is the possibility that the measurement signal is falsified by the action of a magnetic field.
  • the current supply to the electrode holder takes place via a tube which runs coaxially to the electrode and which is closed at its lower end with a stopper which ends in a bolt thread.
  • An end cap made of copper is screwed onto this, in which four load cells are arranged, which are supported on the bottom of the end cap and which in turn support an extension of a rod passing through the bottom of the end cap, on which the electrode holder hangs.
  • the electrode holder is arranged on a lever connected to the electrode carriage via a rotational axis running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the electrode, and in that a load cell is supported on the one hand on the lever and on the other hand on the electrode carriage, optionally with the interposition of a retaining bolt is, the current supply line to the electrode preferably, as is known per se from AT-PS 333 450, via two parallel and at the same distance from the load cell lines. It is possible to put the power lines in it to lead a considerable distance from the load cell, with lines connected in parallel and routed at equal distances from the load cell practically canceling out their current effects on the load cell.
  • the load cell can be placed in a location shielded from the radiant heat of the weld pool or the heated parts. In this context, it is advantageous if the load cell is arranged on the top of the electrode carriage.
  • the load on the lever by the electrode holder and the cables etc. is distributed or balanced as evenly as possible.
  • the load cell is practically only loaded by the weight of the electrode and the clamping bolt and the desired high accuracy of weighing is achieved.
  • both tensile or pressure load cells and load cells which respond to torsional forces can be used.
  • the lever is designed as a two-armed lever, at the end region facing away from the electrode holder which is connected to the Load cell connected to the electrode carriage attacks.
  • the load cell can thus be shielded in a simple manner from the heat influence of the slag bath or other parts and can be arranged at a considerable distance from the electrode.
  • a corresponding choice of the dimensions of the lever arms results in the possibility of using load cells with the same measuring ranges for different electrode dimensions.
  • Various connection points can be provided for connecting the load cell to the lever.
  • the pressure transducer must not be changed when the electrode weight is weighed according to the invention, but the requirement for centering the electrode in the mold can result from eccentric or oblique welding of the electrode to the mold, so there will also be a design variant Proposed, which is characterized in that the lever, the axis holder for its axis of rotation and the optionally provided retaining bolt are arranged on a slide which is displaceable transversely to this axis, preferably in a guide in the upper part of the electrode carriage for changing the projection of the electrode holder.
  • the lever can also be designed as a one-armed support part lying directly on the load cell.
  • the distance between the electrode and the support column of the electrode carriage and thus the projection of the electrode holder can thus be changed by moving the slide without changing the lever arms, so that there is no impairment of the weighing or the weighing accuracy.
  • the position change which may be required for the adjustment of the electrode transversely to the direction of slide displacement can be achieved by rotating the electrode carriage about the axis of the support column.
  • An electrode carriage 1 is fastened and lowered on a support column 2 by means of a drive (not shown), the drive control being carried out as a function of the electrode weight.
  • the electrode carriage 1 is designed like a console and on its upper side it carries, in a mirror-image arrangement, a plurality of uprights 3, to which the lines 4, which are used for the current supply to the electrode 12, are connected in parallel.
  • an axis of rotation 5 is mounted, on which a two-armed lever 6 is pivotally arranged and is thus connected to the electrode carriage 1.
  • the lever 6 At its end facing away from the support column 2, the lever 6 carries on its upper side two gripping jaws 7 connected to the lines 4. These jaws 7 together with the two levers 9 pivotable about the axes 8 perpendicular to the lever 6 and the lever 9 connected to them Piston-cylinder arrangement 10 an electrode holder 11.
  • the jaws 7 can be connected to an electrode 12 electrode rod 13, preferably connected by welding, can be clamped, whereby the electrode 12 is held and at the same time the current flow to the electrode 12 is ensured.
  • Tilting of the lever 6 under the load of the electrode 12 is prevented by a bolt 14 fastened to the electrode carriage 1, to which also a load cell, preferably a pressure cell 15 is fastened or supported via a nut 16 in such a way that the lever 6 is on its upper side bears against the pressure cell with which the respective weight of the electrode 12 can be determined.
  • the lines 4 run at equal, relatively large distances from the pressure cell 15, so that the influence of the magnetic forces caused by the current flow is small and these forces moreover due to the parallel connection and the symmetrical arrangement of the two Compensate power supply lines 4 almost completely.
  • the electrode carriage 1 is usually made of solid material, there is also a very good shielding of the pressure cell 15 against the radiant heat of the molten bath, which can be further easily achieved by the arrangement of heat-insulating plates on the underside of the electrode carriage 1 can improve.
  • the fact that its distance from the electrode 12 or the electrode rod 13 is relatively large also contributes to a merely low thermal load on the pressure sensor 15.
  • the respective weight of the electrode 12 together with the electrode rod 13 can always be determined by means of the pressure load cell 15, only a small tare weight being measured.
  • the latter can be largely reduced by appropriate design of the lever 6 or arrangement of the electrode holder 11 and, if desired, also z. B. fully compensate by attaching counterweights to the lever 6.
  • 3 to 6 illustrate two further embodiment variants of the lever construction, with which the projection of the electrode holder can be changed without the weighing being influenced thereby.
  • a guide 18 is incorporated in the upper part thereof, in which a slide 17 is arranged or guided in a displaceable manner.
  • the double-armed lever 6 corresponds to that of FIGS.
  • the devices according to the invention are also suitable for the production of steel blocks by block casting and subsequent hot topping.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung von Umschmelzverfahren mit selbstverzehrenden Elektroden, welche Einrichtung einen heb- und senkbaren, mit einer mindestens eine Kraftmeßdose aufweisenden Meßeinrichtung zur Bestimmung des jeweiligen Elektrodengewichtes versehenen Elektrodenwagen mit einer Elektrodenhalterung aufweist, über den die Stromzuleitung zur Elektrode geführt ist.The invention relates to a device for carrying out remelting processes with self-consuming electrodes, which device has a liftable and lowerable, with at least one load cell measuring device provided for determining the respective electrode weight with an electrode holder, via which the power supply line is led to the electrode .

Insbesondere beim Vakuumlichtbogenumschmelzen (in der Fachwelt kurz als VAR-Prozeß bezeichnet) hat die Abschmelzrate einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die erreichte Blockqualität. Aus diesem Grunde wird die Umschmelzgeschwindigkeit beim VAR-Prozeß durch Einstellung entsprechender elektrischer Parameter geregelt. Als Meßgröße für die Ermittlung der Schmelzrate dient die laufende Gewichtsverminderung der Elektrode während des Umschmelzens. Das jeweilige Elektrodengewicht wird vorzugsweise durch Druckmeßdosen bestimmt, die im Bereich der Elektrodenzuführungsstange angeordnet sind. Für den VAR-Prozeß bietet der Einbau von Druckmeßdosen kein Problem, weil einerseits eine Positionierung derselben außerhalb der thermisch beeinflußten Zone bzw. in einem Bereich ohne Wärmebeeinflussung durch das Schmelzbad erfolgen kann; andererseits muß verfahrensbedingt die Zuführungsstange zentrisch auf die Elektrode aufgeschweißt werden, wodurch Schieflastigkeit vermieden wird. Weil der Prozeß mit Gleichstrom arbeitet, werden auch keine Spannungen in der Kraftmeßdose induziert, so daß sich auch durch die Stromleitungen keine Probleme ergeben.The melting rate has a decisive influence on the block quality achieved, especially when vacuum arc remelting (referred to in the professional world as VAR process). For this reason, the remelting speed in the VAR process is regulated by setting appropriate electrical parameters. The constant reduction in weight of the electrode during remelting is used as the measurement variable for determining the melting rate. The respective electrode weight is preferably determined by pressure load cells which are arranged in the region of the electrode feed rod. The installation of pressure transducers is not a problem for the VAR process because, on the one hand, they can be positioned outside the thermally influenced zone or in an area without heat being influenced by the weld pool; on the other hand, due to the process, the feed rod must be welded centrally onto the electrode, thereby avoiding unbalance. Because the process works with direct current, no voltages are induced in the load cell, so that there are no problems with the power lines.

Bei Umschmelz- und Blockbehandlungsverfahren ist hingegen eine dem VAR-Prozeß gleichartige Anordnung der Druckmeßdose nur bedingt und mit größerem Aufwand anwendbar. Als Grund hierfür kann die Wärmebeeinflussung durch das Schlackenbad und damit die Erwärmung der Anlagenteile, in welchen die Druckmeßdose eingebaut ist, angesehen werden, wobei für eine genaue Elektrodenwiegung bei nicht exakt senkrechter Elektrode zumeist drei Meßdosen mit Kompensationsschaltungseinrichtungen zu verwenden sind. Als weiterer Nachteil der Anordnung der Druckmeßdosen nahe des Einspannkopfes der Elektrode ist die geringe Distanz zu den umschmelzstromführenden Kabeln bzw. Vorrichtungen anzusehen. Das Wechselmagnetfeld des Umschmelzstromes kann einerseits eine Erwärmung der Druckmeßdose auf unzulässig hohe Temperaturen verursachen; andererseits besteht die Möglichkeit, daß durch Magnetfeldeinwirkung das Meßsignal verfälscht wird. Diese Nachteile weist eine Einrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art auf, wie sie z. B. durch die US-PS 3 272 905 bekanntgeworden ist.In the case of remelting and block treatment processes, on the other hand, an arrangement of the pressure load cell that is similar to the VAR process can only be used to a limited extent and with greater effort. The reason for this can be the influence of heat by the slag bath and thus the heating of the parts of the system in which the pressure cell is installed, three measuring cells with compensation circuit devices usually being used for accurate electrode weighing when the electrode is not exactly vertical. A further disadvantage of the arrangement of the pressure transducers near the clamping head of the electrode is the short distance to the cables or devices carrying the melt current. The alternating magnetic field of the melt stream can, on the one hand, cause the pressure cell to heat up to impermissibly high temperatures; on the other hand, there is the possibility that the measurement signal is falsified by the action of a magnetic field. These disadvantages have a device of the type mentioned, such as. B. has become known by U.S. Patent 3,272,905.

Bei dieser bekannten Einrichtung erfolgt die Stromzufuhr zur Elektrodenhalterung über ein koaxial zur Elektrode verlaufendes Rohr, das an seinem unteren Ende mit einem Stopfen verschlossen ist, der in einem Bolzengewinde endet. Auf dieses ist eine aus Kupfer hergestellte Endkappe aufgeschraubt, in der vier Kraftmeßdosen angeordnet sind, die am Boden der Endkappe abgestützt sind und die ihrerseits einen Ansatz einer den Boden der Endkappe durchsetzenden Stange abstützen, an der die Elektrodenhalterung hängt.In this known device, the current supply to the electrode holder takes place via a tube which runs coaxially to the electrode and which is closed at its lower end with a stopper which ends in a bolt thread. An end cap made of copper is screwed onto this, in which four load cells are arranged, which are supported on the bottom of the end cap and which in turn support an extension of a rod passing through the bottom of the end cap, on which the electrode holder hangs.

Der Nachteil dieser Anordnung liegt darin, daß die Kraftmeßdosen aufgrund der sie umgebenden stromführenden Endkappe relativ stark der Hitzeeinwirkung aufgrund der Wärmeleitung über die Elektrodenhalterung und der Stromeinwirkung ausgesezt sind. Aus diesem Grunde sind auch vier Meßdosen in einer Kompensationsschaltung erforderlich.The disadvantage of this arrangement is that, due to the current-carrying end cap surrounding it, the load cells are relatively strongly exposed to the action of heat due to the heat conduction via the electrode holder and the action of current. For this reason, four load cells are required in a compensation circuit.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Elektroden während des Prozesses zu wiegen, besteht gemäß der DE-AS 1 934218 darin, daß eine Druckmeßdose in die Aufhängung des Elektrodenwagens eingebaut wird. Dabei sind zwar die vorhin beschriebenen Nachteile weitgehend ausgeschaltet, es wird jedoch das Gewicht des gesamten Elektrodenwagens mit Kabel, Stromklemme und Elektrode festgestellt, wobei das Elektrodengewicht lediglich einen kleinen Teil des Gesamtgewichtes ausmacht. Zufolge der Reibung beim Absenken des Elektrodenwagens sowie durch das vergleichsweise hohe Elektrodenwagengewicht ergibt sich eine große Ungenauigkeit des Meßergebnisses, wodurch die Bestimmung der Elektrodenabschmelzrate derart ungenau wird, daß diese für die Steuerung der Abschmelzgeschwindigkeit nicht mehr verwendbar ist.Another possibility of weighing the electrodes during the process is, according to DE-AS 1 934218, that a pressure cell is installed in the suspension of the electrode carriage. Although the disadvantages described above are largely eliminated, the weight of the entire electrode carriage with cable, current clamp and electrode is determined, the electrode weight only making up a small part of the total weight. Due to the friction when the electrode carriage is lowered and the comparatively high electrode carriage weight, the measurement result is very inaccurate, as a result of which the determination of the electrode melting rate becomes so imprecise that it can no longer be used to control the melting speed.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, obige Nachteile des Standes der Technik auszuschalten und eine Vorrichtung für die genaue laufende Wiegung der Elektrode zu schaffen, die es erlaubt, auch bei kleinen Unterschieden im Gewicht der Abschmelzelektrode ein entsprechendes Meßsignal zu erhalten, so daß die Abschmelzrate präzise ermittelt und gegebenenfalls in einer automatischen Prozeßsteuerung verarbeitet werden kann. Weiters ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, im Hinblick auf die Betriebssicherheit derartiger Anlage die Meßsignalerzeugung (Kraftmeßdose) in größtmöglicher Distanz zu den hochstromführenden Leitungen und zu der wärmebeeinflußten Zone anzuordnen.It is an object of the invention to eliminate the above disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device for the precise current weighing of the electrode, which allows a corresponding measurement signal to be obtained even with small differences in the weight of the melting electrode, so that the melting rate is precisely determined and can optionally be processed in an automatic process control. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to arrange the measurement signal generation (load cell) at the greatest possible distance from the high-current lines and the heat-affected zone with regard to the operational safety of such a system.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Elektrodenhalterung an einem über eine quer zur Längsachse der Elektrode verlaufende Drehachse mit dem Elektrodenwagen verbundenen Hebel angeordnet ist, und daß eine Kraftmeßdose einerseits an dem Hebel und andererseits an dem Elektrodenwagen, gegebenenfalls über mit unter Zwischenschaltung eines Haltebolzens abgestützt ist, wobei die Stromzuleitung zur Elektrode vorzugsweise, wie dies an sich aus der AT-PS 333 450 bekannt ist, über zwei parallelgeschaltete und in gleichen Abständen von der Kraftmeßdose verlaufende Leitungen erfolgt. Dabei ist es möglich, die Stromleitungen in erheblichem Abstand von der Kraftmeßdose zu führen, wobei sich bei parallelgeschalteten und in gleichen Abständen von der Kraftmeßdose geführten Leitungen deren Stromwirkungen auf die Kraftmeßdose praktisch aufheben. Außerdem kann die Kraftmeßdose an einem von der Strahlungshitze des Schmelzbades oder der erhitzten Teile abgeschirmten Ort angeordnet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Kraftmeßdose an der Oberseite des Elektrodenwagens angeordnet ist.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the electrode holder is arranged on a lever connected to the electrode carriage via a rotational axis running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the electrode, and in that a load cell is supported on the one hand on the lever and on the other hand on the electrode carriage, optionally with the interposition of a retaining bolt is, the current supply line to the electrode preferably, as is known per se from AT-PS 333 450, via two parallel and at the same distance from the load cell lines. It is possible to put the power lines in it to lead a considerable distance from the load cell, with lines connected in parallel and routed at equal distances from the load cell practically canceling out their current effects on the load cell. In addition, the load cell can be placed in a location shielded from the radiant heat of the weld pool or the heated parts. In this context, it is advantageous if the load cell is arranged on the top of the electrode carriage.

Durch diese Maßnahmen ist sichergestellt, daß auf die Kraftmeßdose keine das Meßergebnis verfälschende Schubspannungen wirken, weil diese von den vorzugsweise mit geringen Reibungswerten behafteten Lagern des Hebels aufgenommen werden. Weiters ist bei Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung nur eine Druckmeßdose erforderlich, wodurch der Aufwand gering gehalten wird, weil auch keine elektronischen Meßwertrechner erforderlich sind.These measures ensure that no shear stresses distorting the measurement result act on the load cell, because these are absorbed by the bearings of the lever, which preferably have low friction values. Furthermore, when using the device according to the invention, only a pressure transducer is required, which means that the outlay is kept to a minimum because no electronic measured value computers are required.

Zur Erreichung einer möglichst hohen Genauigeit der Elektrodengewichtsmessungen ist es wichtig, daß die Belastung des Hebels durch die Elektrodenhalterung und die Kabel usw. möglichst gleichmäßig verteilt bzw. ausbalanciert ist. Die Kraftmeßdose wird somit praktisch nur durch das Gewicht der Elektrode und des Einspannbolzens belastet und die angestrebte große Wiegegenauigkeit erreicht.In order to achieve the highest possible accuracy of the electrode weight measurements, it is important that the load on the lever by the electrode holder and the cables etc. is distributed or balanced as evenly as possible. The load cell is practically only loaded by the weight of the electrode and the clamping bolt and the desired high accuracy of weighing is achieved.

Im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung können sowohl Zug- oder Druckmeßdosen als auch auf Torsionskräfte ansprechende Kraftmeßdosen verwendet werden. In letzterem Falle ist es lediglich erforderlich, den Hebel drehfest mit einem Wellenstummel zu verbinden, der seinerseits mit der Druckmeßdose verbunden ist, die drehfest an dem Elektrodenwagen befestigt ist.Within the framework of the device according to the invention, both tensile or pressure load cells and load cells which respond to torsional forces can be used. In the latter case, it is only necessary to connect the lever in a rotationally fixed manner to a stub shaft, which in turn is connected to the pressure cell which is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner to the electrode carriage.

Um die Wärmebelastung der Meßdose durch die Abstrahlung, etwa des Schlackenbades, bei geringstem konstruktiven Aufwand möglichst klein zu halten, ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Hebel als zweiarmiger Hebel ausgebildet ist, an dessen von der Elektrodenhalterung abgekehrtem Endbereich die mit dem Elektrodenwagen verbundene Kraftmeßdose angreift. Die Kraftmeßdose kann so auf einfache Weise von der Wärmebeeinflussung des Schlackenbades oder anderer Teile abgeschirmt und in einem erheblichen Abstand von der Elektrode angeordnet werden. Außerdem ergibt sich durch eine entsprechende Wahl der Abmessungen der Hebelarme die Möglichkeit, für verschiedene Elektrodenabmessungen Meßdosen mit gleichen Meßbereichen zu verwenden. So können verschiedene Anschlußpunkte für die Verbindung der Kraftmeßdose mit dem Hebel vorgesehen werden.In order to keep the heat load of the load cell by the radiation, such as the slag bath, as small as possible with the least design effort, it is provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the lever is designed as a two-armed lever, at the end region facing away from the electrode holder which is connected to the Load cell connected to the electrode carriage attacks. The load cell can thus be shielded in a simple manner from the heat influence of the slag bath or other parts and can be arranged at a considerable distance from the electrode. In addition, a corresponding choice of the dimensions of the lever arms results in the possibility of using load cells with the same measuring ranges for different electrode dimensions. Various connection points can be provided for connecting the load cell to the lever.

Weil bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Wiegung des jeweiligen Elektrodengewichtes die Abstände Hebeldrehpunkt: Elektrodenschwerlinie und Hebeldrehpunkt: Druckmeßdose nicht verändert werden dürfen, durch exzentrisches oder schiefes Anschweißen der Elektrode an der Elektrodenstange aber das Erfordernis zur Zentrierung der Elektrode in der Kokille resultieren kann, wird auch eine Konstruktionsvariante vorgeschlagen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Hebel, die Achshalter für seine Drehachse und der gegebenenfalls vorgesehene Haltebolzen an einem quer zu dieser Achse, vorzugsweise in einer Führung im Oberteil des Elektrodenwagens zur Veränderung der Ausladung der Elektrodenhalterung verschiebbaren Schlitten angeordnet sind.Because the distances between the fulcrum of the electrode: the center of gravity of the electrode and the fulcrum of the lever: the pressure transducer must not be changed when the electrode weight is weighed according to the invention, but the requirement for centering the electrode in the mold can result from eccentric or oblique welding of the electrode to the mold, so there will also be a design variant Proposed, which is characterized in that the lever, the axis holder for its axis of rotation and the optionally provided retaining bolt are arranged on a slide which is displaceable transversely to this axis, preferably in a guide in the upper part of the electrode carriage for changing the projection of the electrode holder.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung kann der Hebel auch als auf der Kraftmeßdose unmittelbar aufliegender, einarmiger Tragteil ausgebildet sein.According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the lever can also be designed as a one-armed support part lying directly on the load cell.

Der Abstand zwischen der Elektrode und der Tragsäule des Elektrodenwagens und damit die Ausladung der Elektrodenhalterung kann somit durch eine Verschiebung des Schlittens verändert werden, ohne daß eine Veränderung der Hebelarme erfolgt, so daß auch keine Beeinträchtigung der Wiegung bzw. der Wiegegenauigkeit eintritt. Die für das Justieren der Elektrode gegebenenfalls erforderliche Positionsänderung quer zur Schlittenverschieberichtung kann durch Drehung des Elektrodenwagens um die Tragsäulenachse erreicht werden.The distance between the electrode and the support column of the electrode carriage and thus the projection of the electrode holder can thus be changed by moving the slide without changing the lever arms, so that there is no impairment of the weighing or the weighing accuracy. The position change which may be required for the adjustment of the electrode transversely to the direction of slide displacement can be achieved by rotating the electrode carriage about the axis of the support column.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings showing several exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1, 3 und 5 jeweils eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung im Aufriß,
  • Fig. 2, 4 und 6 in Draufsicht, wobei für die Fig. 3 bis 6 die Einschränkung gilt, daß dabei Details, die sich nicht auf die abgeänderte Hebelkonstruktion beziehen, größtenteils weggelassen sind.
Show it
  • 1, 3 and 5 each show an embodiment of the device according to the invention in elevation,
  • 2, 4 and 6 in plan view, with the restriction for FIGS. 3 to 6 that details which do not relate to the modified lever construction are largely omitted.

Auf einer Tragsäule 2 ist ein Elektrodenwagen 1 mittels eines nicht dargestellten Antriebes heb- und senkbar befestigt, wobei die Antriebssteuerung in Abhängigkeit vom Elektrodengewicht vorgenommen wird. Der Elektrodenwagen 1 ist konsolenartig ausgebildet und auf seiner Oberseite trägt er in spiegelbildlicher Anordnung mehrere Steher 3, an denen die für die Stromzuleitung zur Elektrode 12 dienenden, parallel geschalteten Leitungen 4 befestigt sind.An electrode carriage 1 is fastened and lowered on a support column 2 by means of a drive (not shown), the drive control being carried out as a function of the electrode weight. The electrode carriage 1 is designed like a console and on its upper side it carries, in a mirror-image arrangement, a plurality of uprights 3, to which the lines 4, which are used for the current supply to the electrode 12, are connected in parallel.

Am vorragenden Ende des Elektrodenwagens 1 ist eine Drehachse 5 gelagert, auf der ein zweiarmiger Hebel 6 schwenkbar angeordnet und so mit dem Elektrodenwagen 1 verbunden ist. An seinem von der Tragsäule 2 abgekehrten Ende trägt der Hebel 6 an seiner Oberseite zwei mit den Leitungen 4 verbundene Greifbacken 7. Diese Backen 7 bilden zusammen mit den beiden, um die senkrecht zum Hebel 6 stehenden Achsen 8 schwenkbaren Hebel 9 und der mit diesen verbundenen Kolben-Zylinderanordnung 10 eine Elektrodenhalterung 11.At the protruding end of the electrode carriage 1, an axis of rotation 5 is mounted, on which a two-armed lever 6 is pivotally arranged and is thus connected to the electrode carriage 1. At its end facing away from the support column 2, the lever 6 carries on its upper side two gripping jaws 7 connected to the lines 4. These jaws 7 together with the two levers 9 pivotable about the axes 8 perpendicular to the lever 6 and the lever 9 connected to them Piston-cylinder arrangement 10 an electrode holder 11.

Durch entsprechende Beaufschlagung der Kolben-Zylinderanordnung 10 mit einem Druckmedium über nicht dargestellte Leitungen können die Backen 7 an einer mit der Elektrode 12 vorzugsweise durch Schweißen verbundenen Elektrodenstange 13 klemmend zur Anlage gebracht werden, wodurch die Elektrode 12 gehalten und gleichzeitig der Stromfluß zur Elektrode 12 sichergestellt wird.By appropriately loading the piston-cylinder arrangement 10 with a pressure medium via lines, not shown, the jaws 7 can be connected to an electrode 12 electrode rod 13, preferably connected by welding, can be clamped, whereby the electrode 12 is held and at the same time the current flow to the electrode 12 is ensured.

Ein Kippen des Hebels 6 unter der Last der Elektrode 12 wird durch einen am Elektrodenwagen 1 befestigten Bolzen 14 verhindert, an dem auch eine Kraftmeßdose, vorzugsweise eine Druckmeßdose 15 befestigt bzw. über eine Mutter 16 so abgestützt ist, daß der Hebel 6 mit seiner Oberseite an der Druckmeßdose anliegt, mit der das jeweilige Gewicht der Elektrode 12 ermittelbar ist.Tilting of the lever 6 under the load of the electrode 12 is prevented by a bolt 14 fastened to the electrode carriage 1, to which also a load cell, preferably a pressure cell 15 is fastened or supported via a nut 16 in such a way that the lever 6 is on its upper side bears against the pressure cell with which the respective weight of the electrode 12 can be determined.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, verlaufen die Leitungen 4 in gleichen, relativ großen Abständen von der Druckmeßdose 15, so daß der Einfluß der durch den Stromfluß bedingten magnetischen Kräfte gering ist und sich diese Kräfte überdies aufgrund der Parallelschaltung und der symmetrischen Anordnung der beiden Stromzuleitungen 4 praktisch vollständig kompensieren.As can be seen from Fig. 2, the lines 4 run at equal, relatively large distances from the pressure cell 15, so that the influence of the magnetic forces caused by the current flow is small and these forces moreover due to the parallel connection and the symmetrical arrangement of the two Compensate power supply lines 4 almost completely.

Da der Elektrodenwagen 1 in der Regel aus vollem Material hergestellt ist, ergibt sich auch eine sehr gute Abschirmung der Druckmeßdose 15 gegen die Strahlungswärme des Schmelzbades, die sich gegebenenfalls noch durch die Anordnung von wärmeisolierenden Platten an der Unterseite des Elektrodenwagens 1 auf sehr einfache Weise weiter verbessern läßt. Zu einer bloß geringen Wärmebelastung der Druckmeßdose 15 trägt auch der Umstand bei, daß ihr Abstand von der Elektrode 12 bzw. der Elektrodenstange 13 relativ groß ist.Since the electrode carriage 1 is usually made of solid material, there is also a very good shielding of the pressure cell 15 against the radiant heat of the molten bath, which can be further easily achieved by the arrangement of heat-insulating plates on the underside of the electrode carriage 1 can improve. The fact that its distance from the electrode 12 or the electrode rod 13 is relatively large also contributes to a merely low thermal load on the pressure sensor 15.

Mittels der Druckmeßdose 15 ist stets das jeweilige Gewicht der Elektrode 12 samt Elektrodenstange 13 ermittelbar, wobei nur ein geringes Taragewicht mitgemessen wird. Letzteres läßt sich durch entsprechende Ausbildung des Hebels 6 bzw. Anordnung der Elektrodenhalterung 11 weitgehend reduzieren und falls gewünscht, auch z. B. durch die Anbringung von Ausgleichsgewichten am Hebel 6 vollständig kompensieren.The respective weight of the electrode 12 together with the electrode rod 13 can always be determined by means of the pressure load cell 15, only a small tare weight being measured. The latter can be largely reduced by appropriate design of the lever 6 or arrangement of the electrode holder 11 and, if desired, also z. B. fully compensate by attaching counterweights to the lever 6.

Die Fig. 3 bis 6 veranschaulichen zwei weitere Ausführungsvarianten der Hebelkonstruktion, mit denen die Ausladung der Elektrodenhalterung verändert werden kann, ohne daß davon die Wiegung beeinflußt wird. In beiden Fällen ist in einer im vorragenden Ende des Elektrodenwagens u. zw. im Oberteil davon eine Führung 18 eingearbeitet, in der ein Schlitten 17 verschiebbar angeordnet bzw. geführt ist. Während bei der Ausführungsform gemäß den Fig. 3 und 4 der doppelarmige Hebel 6 demjenigen von Fig. 1 und 2 entspricht und die Achshalter der Drehachse 5 sowie der Haltebolzen 14 auf dem Schlitten 17 angeordnet sind, ist bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. und 6 ein einarmiger Hebel 6' als Tragteil für die nichtdargestellte Elektrodenhalterung 11 ausgebildet, der drehbeweglich mittels der Achse 5' auf dem Schlitten 17 befestigt ist und unmittelbar auf der Druckmeßdose 15 aufliegt, die ebenfalls auf dem Schlitten 17 ruht.3 to 6 illustrate two further embodiment variants of the lever construction, with which the projection of the electrode holder can be changed without the weighing being influenced thereby. In both cases, in the protruding end of the electrode carriage u. a guide 18 is incorporated in the upper part thereof, in which a slide 17 is arranged or guided in a displaceable manner. 3 and 4, the double-armed lever 6 corresponds to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the axle holder of the axis of rotation 5 and the retaining bolt 14 are arranged on the carriage 17, in the embodiment according to FIGS one-armed lever 6 'formed as a supporting part for the electrode holder 11, not shown, which is rotatably mounted on the carriage 17 by means of the axis 5' and rests directly on the pressure cell 15, which also rests on the carriage 17.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtungen sind auch für Herstellung von Stahlblöcken durch Blockguß und anschließendem Hot-Topping geeignet.The devices according to the invention are also suitable for the production of steel blocks by block casting and subsequent hot topping.

Claims (6)

1. A device for performing remelting processes with consumable electrodes (12), comprising an electrode carriage (1) which can be raised and lowered, provided with a measuring device having at least one load cell (15) for determining the respective electrode weight, and which comprises an electrode holder by way of which the current supply is conducted to the electrode, characterized in that the electrode holder (11) is disposed on a lever (6) wich is connected to the electrode carriage (1) by way of a pivot shaft (5, 5') extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the electrode (12), and a load cell (15) is supported on the one hand on the lever (6, 6') and on the other hand on the electrode carriage (1), where appropriate by way of components connected thereto.
2. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lever (6) is constructed in the form of a two-armed lever, on whose end region remote from the electrode holder (11, 7) the load cell (15) connected to the electrode carriage (1) engages.
3. A device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the load cell (15) is disposed on the top of the electrode carriage (1).
4. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lever (6, 6'), the shaft holder for its pivot shaft (5, 5'), and the holding pin (14) provided where appropriate are disposed on a slide (17) which is displaceable transversely to the said shaft in a guide (18) in the upper part of the electrode carriage (1) in order to vary the overhang of the electrode holder.
5. A device according to Claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the lever (6') is constructed in the form of a single-armed component resting directly on the load cell (15).
6. A device according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the current is supplied to the electrode (12) by way of two lines (4) connected in parallel and extending at equal distances from the load cell (15).
EP19830890082 1982-05-12 1983-05-11 Fusion device with consumable electrodes Expired EP0094378B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1861/82 1982-05-12
AT186182A AT373177B (en) 1982-05-12 1982-05-12 DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT MELTING PROCESS WITH SELF-EATING ELECTRODES

Publications (3)

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EP0094378A2 EP0094378A2 (en) 1983-11-16
EP0094378A3 EP0094378A3 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0094378B1 true EP0094378B1 (en) 1985-12-27

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EP19830890082 Expired EP0094378B1 (en) 1982-05-12 1983-05-11 Fusion device with consumable electrodes

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EP (1) EP0094378B1 (en)
AT (1) AT373177B (en)
DE (1) DE3361622D1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4140724A1 (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-17 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh Electrode remelting furnace
DE4207967A1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-16 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh REMelting furnace
DE102010025236A1 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-08-18 SMS Siemag AG, 40237 Electrode support arm of a smelting metallurgical furnace

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EP1862172A1 (en) 2006-05-31 2007-12-05 BioSynthema Inc. Combination of amino acid solution and a gelatin for inhibiting renal uptake
WO2019091994A1 (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-16 Sms Mevac Gmbh Melting furnace with simultaneously rotatable and movable electrode rod
DE102018103312B4 (en) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Remelting plant and method for operating a remelting plant
WO2020224780A1 (en) 2019-05-08 2020-11-12 ITM Isotopen Technologien München AG Para-aminohippuric acid (pah) as a renal protective substance

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATA559376A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-10-15 Inteco Int Techn Beratung SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC SLAG RE-MELTING OF MELTING ELECTRODES TO BLOCK
US4091229A (en) * 1977-03-01 1978-05-23 Wooding Corporation Slag and alloy feeding based on electrode weight
DE2755478C2 (en) * 1977-12-13 1982-03-18 Institut elektrosvarki imeni E.O. Patona Akademii Nauk Ukrainskaja SSR, Kiev Plant for the production of ingots in the electroslag remelting process
US4303797A (en) * 1980-06-20 1981-12-01 Consarc Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling electrode drive speed in a consumable electrode furnace

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4140724A1 (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-17 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh Electrode remelting furnace
DE4207967A1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-16 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh REMelting furnace
DE4207967C2 (en) * 1992-03-13 2001-02-15 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Remelting furnace
DE102010025236A1 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-08-18 SMS Siemag AG, 40237 Electrode support arm of a smelting metallurgical furnace
WO2011101271A1 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-08-25 Sms Siemag Ag Electrode arm of a metallurgical melting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0094378A2 (en) 1983-11-16
DE3361622D1 (en) 1986-02-06
ATA186182A (en) 1983-05-15
AT373177B (en) 1983-12-27
EP0094378A3 (en) 1984-05-02

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