EP0093571A2 - Kompakter Verbrennungsapparat - Google Patents

Kompakter Verbrennungsapparat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093571A2
EP0093571A2 EP83302371A EP83302371A EP0093571A2 EP 0093571 A2 EP0093571 A2 EP 0093571A2 EP 83302371 A EP83302371 A EP 83302371A EP 83302371 A EP83302371 A EP 83302371A EP 0093571 A2 EP0093571 A2 EP 0093571A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
air
chamber
combustors
gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83302371A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maurice E. Gunderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer LLC
Original Assignee
BOC Group Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOC Group Inc filed Critical BOC Group Inc
Publication of EP0093571A2 publication Critical patent/EP0093571A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/001—Spraying nozzle combined with forced draft fan in one unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D23/00—Assemblies of two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to combustion apparatus and particularly to industrial combustion apparatus of the type wherein a liquid- fuel is burned in a combustion chamber in order to derive the heat from the combustion gases for a useful purpose.
  • Such apparatus may serve a variety of purposes, such as industrial heating, boilers and also in the field to which the present invention is particularly suited, i.e. vaporizers for converting a liquid cryogenic substance such as liquid nitrogen into vapour to be used for various industrial applications including the servicing of oil wells.
  • vaporizers for converting a liquid cryogenic substance such as liquid nitrogen into vapour to be used for various industrial applications including the servicing of oil wells.
  • the unit In such applications as a vaporizer, the unit is generally required to be shipped to various locations and thereafter continually moved as its needs arise.
  • One of the features desired of such equipment, is that it be compact and light so that movement is facilitated.
  • a further advantage sought is the ability to control the turndown, or there preferably is some means by which the flame intensity, and thus overall heat generated for use, be variable such that the intensity may be reduced as the load or liquid cryogenic substance to be vaporized is correspondingly reduced.
  • This aim is achieved by virtue of the use of a plurality of combustors, each having its own fuel nozzle, primary and secondary combustion chambers, and dilution chamber or ombustion chamber with primary and secondary combustion zones and dilution zone.
  • a centrally located fan supplies primary, secondary and dilution air to all of the combustors that are typically radially oriented around the fan.
  • the central fan typically delivers outside air into a cold plenum from which the air is delivered to an annular passage surrounding each of the combustors and thereafter travels along the length of each combustor in a direction countercurrent to the flow of hot gases in the combustor as those hot gases travel from the primary and secondary combustion chambers, where burning occurs, to the dilution chamber when the hot combustion gases are mixed and cooled by air admitted through openings from the annular passage.
  • the hot gases typically continue from the dilution chamber into a hot plenum where the heated gases are mixed for delivery for some useful means.
  • the heated gases are directed from the hot plenum through a series of baffles in a diffuser section and into a heat exchanger where they contact a tube bundle containing liquid nitrogen (or other cryogenic liquid) to be vaporized, before being exhausted by means of an exhaust plenum.
  • the combustor may be constructed of thinner gauge steel, and thus less heavy materials than in conventional combustors.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an isometric view of an oil-fired vaporizer 10 for vaporizing cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen and which utilizes a combustion apparatus 12 designed in accordance with the present invention and which further includes additional sections including a diffuser section 14 and a heat exchanger 16, the function of which will be later explained.
  • a combustion apparatus 12 designed in accordance with the present invention and which further includes additional sections including a diffuser section 14 and a heat exchanger 16, the function of which will be later explained.
  • combustion apparatus 12 will be described initially with reference both to Fig.l and to Fig.2 wherein the combustion apparatus 12 is shown in cross-section view.
  • a fan 22 Centrally positioned within the plurality of combustors 18 is a fan 22 which draws in outside air to supply the same for primary and secondary combustion as well as for dilution of the hot combustion gases.
  • combustors 18 In Fig.l, two of the combustors 18 are shown in more detail, it being understood that all of the combustors 18 are similar. Those details include a fuel line 24 for supplying fuel oil for burning inside the combustor 18. In addition, cable 26 supplies electrical energy to an ignitor assembly 28. A flame detector 30 is used to monitor the presence or absence of a flame within combustor 18.
  • Each combustor 18 has an end plate 32 and which is secured to the outer shell 34 of each combustor 18 by a strap clamp 36.
  • the fan 22 is powered by a hydraulic motor 38 by means of a source of hydraulic fluid (not shown).
  • Fan 22 has a shaft (not shown) on which is mounted a fan blade 42 and supported by a support 44 holding fan 22 in its central position with respect to combustors 18.
  • the blades 42 When fan 22 is operated, the blades 42 are angled to draw in outside air and force that air in the direction of arrows 46 into cold plenum 48.
  • the outer shell 34 is cylindrical and is held firmly in position by the frame 50 of combustion apparatus 12.
  • a liner 52 constructed of a relatively thin (50 mil.) stainless steel and within which is contained (or defined) a primary combustion chamber (or zone) 54, a secondary combustion chamber (or zone) 56 where the hot gases from primary combustion chamber 54 are mixed with secondary air to complete the combustion process. The gases thus proceed to dilution chamber (or zone) 58 where the combustion gases are mixed with and cooled by additional air.
  • the air for the combustion taking place in primary combustion chamber 54, for completion of combustion in secondary combustion chamber 56 and for dilution of the hot gases of combustion in dilution chamber 58 is forced, by the fan 22, through cold plenum 48 and thence into the annular passage 60 between liner 52 and outer shell 34 and which flow of air serves to cool the liner 52 and outer shell 34. As noted in Fig. 2, the air passes through the annular passage 60 in the direction of arrows 62.
  • a fuel nozzle 64 Centrally located through end plate 32 is a fuel nozzle 64 which receives the fuel from fuel line 24 (Fig.l) and sprays that fuel into primary combustion chamber 54 for burning to produce heat.
  • the fuel nozzle typically may be of conventional commercial design as supplied by the Delavan Corporation Nozzle Model No. 27710-1 rated for fuel consumption of 50 lbs/hr. of JP4 fuel oil at a supply pressure of 100 p.s.i.g. and which sprays out the atomized fuel oil in the shape of a hollow cone at a total angle of approximately 75° + 5° about its central axis.
  • the outer surface 66 of the fuel nozzle 64 is angled with respect to its central axis at approximately 3 0 ° thereto, or converges at a total angle with respect to its central axis of about 60° in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • a circular shaped baffle plate 68 Surrounding the fuel nozzle 64 is a circular shaped baffle plate 68 having a generally annular dished interior 70 and a central opening 72.
  • the inner lip 74 of the annular dished interior 70 is formed at an angle generally paralleling the outer surface 66 of fuel nozzle 64, thereby forming an annular frustrum opening 76 therewith.
  • the baffle plate 68 is coaxially mounted with respect to the fuel nozzle 64 by means such as bolts 78 secured to end plate 32 by nuts 80 and held in its predetermined position'with respect to fuel nozzle 64 by spacers 82.
  • baffle plate 68 in its fixed position through holes 84 in baffle plate 68 and a further hole 86 is formed in baffle plate 68 for the ignition assembly 28.
  • the flow of air for use in the primary combustion chamber 54, secondary combustion chamber 56 and dilution chamber 58 proceeds as follows.
  • the primary air, or the air actually used in the initial combustion of the liquid fuel passes through the annular passage 60 and enters plenum chamber 88 through a plurality of openings 90 in liner 52.
  • the plenum chamber 88 is thus formed behind the baffle plate 68 and a portion of air in that chamber leaks past the outer edge 92 of the baffle plate 68 and provides some cooling to the inner surface of liner 52 and protects liner 52 from direct action or contact.by the combustion gases of primary combustion chamber 54.
  • annular frustrum opening 76 Most of the air, however, from plenum chamber 88 passes through the annular frustrum opening 76 to serve as primary air to supply oxygen for the combustion of the liquid fuel. As noted, the annular frustrum opening 76 converges in the direction of the primary combustion chamber 54 and travels toward and impinges upon, the diverging hollow conical spray of liquid fuel from fuel nozzle 64. Although the primary air has been described as being delivered to primary combustion chamber 54 in the shape of a converging annular frustrum, it should be noted that other means of introducing the primary air from plenum chamber 88 to the primary combustion chamber 54 may be used, such as a plurality of openings, without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • Secondary air is mixed with the hot combustion gases in secondary combustion chamber 56 to complete the combustion process and that air also is provided from annular passage 60 by means of a plurality of openings 94 in liner 52, and still further air is provided for the dilution chamber 58 wherein that air is admitted from annular passage 60 by means of openings 96 to mix with the combustion gases to cool the same.
  • the fuel is sprayed outwardly into the primary combustion chamber 54 by the fuel nozzle 64 and is atomized into small droplets in a predetermined pattern to create, in certain zones, the combustible mixture of liquid fuel and air when combustion can actually take place.
  • the pattern forms a zone 98 of such combustible mixture which is a relatively stable, quiet zone protected by baffle plate 68 and can readily be ignited by means of the ignitor assembly 28.
  • the ignitor assembly 28 may be of a conventional spark type of ignitor where a high voltage spark causes ignition of the liquid fuel/air mixture in zone 98.
  • the heated gases from dilution chamber 58 thereafter are mixed together from the plurality of combustors 18 in a hot plenum 100 and thereafter in diffuser section 14 (Figs 1 and 2).
  • the mixed hot gases are thereafter passed through heat exchanger 16 where the heat is used for vaporizing the liquid cryogenic substance.
  • heat exchanger 16 there is a tube bundle 102 having an inlet 104 and an outlet 106 for receiving and discharging, respectively, liquid nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen for various uses.
  • the diluted combustion gases exit the oil fired vaporizer 10 through exhaust plenum 108.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP83302371A 1982-04-28 1983-04-26 Kompakter Verbrennungsapparat Withdrawn EP0093571A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37279082A 1982-04-28 1982-04-28
US372790 1982-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093571A2 true EP0093571A2 (de) 1983-11-09

Family

ID=23469647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83302371A Withdrawn EP0093571A2 (de) 1982-04-28 1983-04-26 Kompakter Verbrennungsapparat

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0093571A2 (de)
JP (1) JPS591916A (de)
AU (1) AU1273883A (de)
ZA (1) ZA832158B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0825382A4 (de) * 1995-04-28 1999-11-10 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung von abfällen
ITSA20110018A1 (it) * 2011-07-29 2011-10-28 Mario Provenza Doppia piastra per bruciatori per forni
CN107062225A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2017-08-18 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 自冷却引射式燃烧器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0740818Y2 (ja) * 1988-05-02 1995-09-20 株式会社ダイクレ 不輝炎燃焼装置
JP4302316B2 (ja) 1998-03-09 2009-07-22 株式会社日立製作所 走査形電子顕微鏡

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0825382A4 (de) * 1995-04-28 1999-11-10 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung von abfällen
ITSA20110018A1 (it) * 2011-07-29 2011-10-28 Mario Provenza Doppia piastra per bruciatori per forni
CN107062225A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2017-08-18 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 自冷却引射式燃烧器
CN107062225B (zh) * 2017-05-31 2023-09-19 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 自冷却引射式燃烧器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA832158B (en) 1983-12-28
JPS591916A (ja) 1984-01-07
AU1273883A (en) 1983-11-03

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: THE BOC GROUP, INC.

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19861031

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: GUNDERSON, MAURICE E.