EP0092253B1 - Verfahren zum Formen von Blech mittels hydraulischen Gegendrucks - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Formen von Blech mittels hydraulischen Gegendrucks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0092253B1
EP0092253B1 EP19830103876 EP83103876A EP0092253B1 EP 0092253 B1 EP0092253 B1 EP 0092253B1 EP 19830103876 EP19830103876 EP 19830103876 EP 83103876 A EP83103876 A EP 83103876A EP 0092253 B1 EP0092253 B1 EP 0092253B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
punch
die
blankpiece
counterpressure
hydraulic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830103876
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0092253A2 (de
EP0092253A3 (en
Inventor
Kazuhiko Nakamura
Takeo Nakagawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amino Iron Works Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Amino Iron Works Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP57066118A external-priority patent/JPS58181431A/ja
Priority claimed from JP58047526A external-priority patent/JPS59174230A/ja
Application filed by Amino Iron Works Co Ltd filed Critical Amino Iron Works Co Ltd
Priority to AT83103876T priority Critical patent/ATE28808T1/de
Publication of EP0092253A2 publication Critical patent/EP0092253A2/de
Publication of EP0092253A3 publication Critical patent/EP0092253A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0092253B1 publication Critical patent/EP0092253B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/205—Hydro-mechanical deep-drawing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a metal sheet forming process with hydraulic counterpressure, and more particularly a process where a punch is urged on a blankpiece into a die filled with a liquid therein, and hydraulic counterpressure generated thereby is utilized to serve for pressing a flange on a blankpiece or in the axial direction on a side wall of a product, the liquid under pressure providing lubrication for both the upper and lower surfaces of the blankpiece.
  • a deep drawing process is for producing deep cup-like products from a plate material, and limit of breakage in the deep drawing process is determined by transmission ability in the side wall of the forming die with respect to shrinkage resistance, bending resistance and friction resistance at the flange portion and the die shoulder portion. Therefore it is necessary for increasing the limit of breakage to decreaase these resistances occurring by deep drawing, and increase the available transmission power in the side wall.
  • an ordinary metal drawing process has a limit to the amount of formation achievable in a single draw. Though the material to be processed may have a high drawing quality, the limit of the drawing ratio is around 2.0 to 2.3 at best.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-28 53 271 discloses a way for increasing the transmission power at the side wall of the drawing device by a process which utilizes hydraulic counterpressure.
  • This process in principle, comprises directly urging the material by means of the punch into a hydraulic pressure chamber which is provided under a die and filled with a liquid, and utilizing the hydraulic pressure generated thereby to cause the material to follow the punch in shape.
  • the process uses a ring-like recess circumfering the blankpiece having the same height, to which a part of the fluid under pressure is supplied via bypasses to effect radial compression force on the surface of the circumfering rim of the blankpiece.
  • the process furnishes a packing on a lower surface of the blank holder to contact an upper surface of the material and avoids leakage of the liquid in order to maintain high the hydraulic counterpressure.
  • the drawing by a single step process has a certain limit, and therefore when a container or a vessel by deep drawing is to be formed, the drawing work is divided into several steps where the plate is drawn into a product of determined depth (first drawing), and subsequently this product by the first drawing is subjected to several deep drawings (redrawing) to give the final shape.
  • first drawing a product of determined depth
  • redrawing a deep drawings
  • the redrawing process there are a direct redrawing process and a reverse redrawing process, also a process of incorporating the first drawing and the reverse redrawing is often used, since the number of bendings is less by twice if the bending degree is the same.
  • a well known one is a continuous reverse redrawing process as disclosed in German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-15 78 348 which employs a first drawing punch serving also as a redrawing die, a blank holder of cushion type, a first drawing die and a redrawing punch.
  • a first drawing punch serving also as a redrawing die
  • a blank holder of cushion type a first drawing die
  • a redrawing punch the liquid counterpressure in a counterpressure chamber inside the first drawing punch also serving as redrawing die only is used for direct counterpressure against the redrawing punch, however no liquid under counterpressure is supplied into the blank holder device for effecting compression force on the surface of the outer circumfering rim of the blankpiece.
  • the drawing ratio is low, that is, limitations are that the redrawing ratio is around 1.3 and the total drawing ratio is around 2.6.
  • the formed product is subjected to an intermediate annealing.
  • a product by redrawing is once taken out from the pressing step, and therefore an entire process is not continuous so that the processing is not efficient.
  • the intermediate annealing step intervenes, the improvement is that the redrawing ratio is around 1.8 to the maximum and the total drawing ratio increase to around 3.5.
  • This invention is based on many investigations and experiments in order to further improve the sheet forming process with the hydraulic counterpressure as having referred to.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a novel sheet forming process utilizing the hydraulic counterpressure for largely improving the limit of breakage by means of a simple manner without requiring any special device.
  • the other object of the invention is to provide a deep drawing process for largely improving ratio without interposing a heat treatment such as the intermediate annealing, which may form products far deeper in height through one pressing step than said intermediate annealing.
  • the present invention as claimed has adopted a process in which the characteristic of the drawing by the counterpressure is effectively used, while the counterpressure is utilized as compression force, the fluid is served as lubrication between the material and the blank holder.
  • a ring-like space is defined to make sealing at the outer circumferential area of the blank material.
  • the punch draws the material into the forming die which is the hydraulic pressure chamber, and the counterpressure generated thereby is automatically supplied into the ring-like space via bypass passages.
  • the compression pressure is applied to the outer circumference, while the forming is carried out with the hydraulic counterpressure as making fluid lubrication on both sides of the material.
  • the invention usefully employs the friction-keeping-effect at the side wall portion of the material, and this is one of the characteristics of the hydraulic counterpressure forming process.
  • tension force generated in the side wall of the material is reduced by radial pressure, and the friction-reducing-effect may be produced on the both faces of the flanges of the material.
  • the compression force is supplied to the outer circumference through the passage communicating the pressure chamber and the ring-like space from the initial period of the process, so that the drawing is assisted by said compression force, and the limit of the drawing ratio is greatly improved by synergestic effect thereof in comparison with the conventional counterpressure drawing process.
  • the invention usefully employs the hydraulic pressure which is spontaneously generated by pressing the punch in order to directly act the pressure on the outer circumference of the flange via the bypass passage from the pressure chamber. Therefore the invention does not need a special device for supplying the radial pressure nor require high pressure as thousands Kg/cm 2 , and could obtain the pushing effect to the flange at hundreds Kg/cm 2 at best.
  • the invention undertakes the first drawing in dependence upon the drawing process of the metal mold cushion, and subsequently undertakes the reverse redrawing with the same metal mould in dependance upon the hydraulic counterpressure.
  • the part of the high pressure elevated during the reverse redrawing is supplied to the flange end of the product by the first drawing.
  • the material is positioned on the punch and the blank holder of the cushion type and the cushion drawing is performed with the metal moulding by means of the blank holder, the first drawing die and the punch.
  • the punch also serves as a redrawing die provided with a hydraulic pressure chamber.
  • the reverse redrawing is undertaken with the hydraulic counterpressure by urging the redrawing punch into the punch which is the hydraulic pressure chamber of the redrawing die.
  • the higher pressure is the more convenient.
  • the upper limit of the hydraulic pressure is delimited in view of strength of the pressure chamber, since the thickness in the side wall of the pressure chamber is determined by redrawing ratio.
  • the first drawing die composes the side wall of the hydraulic pressure chamber, and the outer diameter of said die may be made large, so that the strength of the chamber is heightened, and accordingly the hydraulic pressure may be heightened.
  • the reverse redrawing on soft steel or stainless steel requires the high pressure up to 500 to 1000 Kgf/cm 2 for generating the friction-keeping-effect or said pushing effect.
  • the present invention may prepare the strength of the pressure chamber for such high pressure, and produce the vessels of large depth made of the soft steel or stainless steel in one process.
  • the forming tool is simple in structure, and the hydraulic pressure is utilized which is spontaneously generated by pushing the punch into the pressure chamber, so that the special pressure device is not required for supplying the radial pressure.
  • the invention may be reduced to practice at low cost.
  • Figs. 1 to 5 show basic embodiments relating to sheet forming process with hydraulic counterpressure according to the invention, and Figs. 1 to 4 illustrate a first embodiment of a blank holder of stationary type, and Fig. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of a blank holder of pressure type.
  • the numeral 1 is a die
  • 2 is a hydraulic pressure chamber which is formed in the die 1 or in a block 3 prepared under the die.
  • 4 is a punch and 5 is a blank holder.
  • a high projecting wall 6 is formed and the blank holder 5 is slidably mounted within the wall 6, whereby the ring-like concave 70 is formed and a sealing material 8 is provided with respect to the blank holder 5.
  • the outer diameter of the ring-like concave 70 is larger than an outer diameter of a material W to be processed with the deep drawing, and the height h of the concave 70 is made properly larger than at least the thickness of the material W in order to provide a determined ring-like space as later mentioned.
  • a plurality of bypass passages 9 are formed to make communications between the bottom of the ring-like concave 70 and the hydraulic pressure chamber 2.
  • the bypass passage 9 is not necessarily oblique and may be L-shaped. In any way, the passages should be formed in determined diameter and space such that the hydraulic pressure may be uniformly supplied over the circumference of the ring-like concave 70.
  • a liquid A is filled in the hydraulic pressure chamber 2 as shown in Fig. 1, and the material W (plate in this case) is positioned on the concave 70 under condition that the punch 4 and the blank holder 5 are separated from the die 1. Subsequently the blank holder 5 and the punch 4 are moved down. In this way, since the lower face of the blank holder 5 contacts the upper face 61 of the projecting circumferential wall 6 as shown in Fig. 2, the concave 70 is changed into a ring-like space 7 (blank holding space) whose upper side is closed. The material W is idle within the ring-like space 7, and a space is defined between the outer circumferential edge of the material and the projecting wall.
  • the liquid A may be filled up to the bottom of the concave 70 as shown, or may be iflled up to the upper surface of the concave 70, though not shown. In the latter case, the hydraulic pressure may be generated from the starting of moving down of the punch.
  • the counterpressure Pc acts to the forming side wall Wa, a friction-keeping-effect could be obtained which is a characteristics of the counterpressure forming process.
  • the counterpressure Pc invades downwardly of the flange Wb of the material passing thorugh space between the die shoulder 111 and the side wall portion, and the fluid lubrication is effected on the lower surface of the material W.
  • the invention is not limited to these effects only. That is, in the invention the bypass passage 9 communicates with the ring-like space 7 and the hydraulic chamber 2. Therefore, the counter-pressure Pc is generated by pushing the punch 4 into the die 1, and at the same time the part of the high pressure Pc goes upwardly in the bypass passage 9 and reaches nearly the outer end of the ring-like space 7.
  • the blank holder is stationary. Therefore while the blank holder 5 contacts the die 1 and the drawing by the counterpressure is carried out till the determined forming stroke, the blank holding force of the determined value is effected to the blank holder 5 so that the height of the ring-like space 7, i.e., a blank holding space Ch could be maintained at the determined value. If the blank holding space Ch were too small, the blank holding force would be too strong and the fluid lubrication by the hydraulic pressure Pc, would not be smoothly effected so that the friction-reducing-effect would be unsatisfactory.
  • the set hydraulic pressure Pc would be decreased so that breakage easily occurs and wrinkles are formed at the flange parts and those wrinkles would be wrinkles to be formed at the upper part of the side wall of the products. If the blank holding space were within a range between 1.02 and 1.20 to in relation with thickness of the material, there would not be reduction of the hydraulic pressure, so that the friction-keeping-effect, flange-pushing-effect and the lubricating effect on both sides may be fully displayed.
  • the blank holder is of pressure type. Therefore it is necessary to control the blank holding force H of the blank holder 5 as increasing of the counterpressure Pc generated by pushing the punch. Only if this pressure system were employed, the space between the material W and the blank holder would be reduced and the hydraulic pressure would be heightened from the starting period, and it is easy to control the ring-like space.
  • the present invention may naturally increase the pressure where the pressure is increased up to a determined level by pushing the punch 4, or forcibly increase the pressure where the pressure is increased by means of a pump or the like before pushing the punch 4.
  • the pressure since the pressure is initially at the determined value, the friction-keeping-effect or the compression force-adding-effect to the outer circumference of the material may be easily created from the initial period of the process.
  • reverse directional expansion is generated in the material since the hydraulic pressure is high initially, and the upper surface of the material is pressed to the lower surface of the blank holder to create a kind of sealing.
  • Figs. 6 and 8 illustrate one example of the forming apparatus with the deep drawing hydraulic counterpressure.
  • a dome block 3 under the die 1, which is formed with a deep hydraulic pressure chamber 2 which is connected to an external counterpressure control circuit 12 via a passage 100 running through the bottom.
  • the circuit 12 is merely an example, and a substitution may be used therefor.
  • the punch 4 is contacted with an inner slide 17 and the blank holder 5 is contacted with an outer slide 18.
  • the die 1 is defined with eight lateral passages 91 equidistantly dividing the circumference under the die shoulder 111. At places near to the outer circumference of the concave 70, vertical passages 92 are formed in communication with the lateral passages 91 per each two passages. These lateral and vertical passages form bypass passages 9 for the radial hydraulic pressure.
  • the numeral 19 is a seal bolt.
  • Figs. 9-A and 9-B show another embodiment to be employed to the practice of the invention.
  • the die 1 is formed with the projecting circumferential wall 6 whereby the concave 70 is provided.
  • the head of the die 1 is formed flat, and L-shaped step 25 is formed at the corner of the upper portion on which a spacer ring 26 and a seal block 27 are mounted to form projecting circumferential wall 6 and a ring-like concave 70.
  • the blank holder 5 is formed with a projection 53 on the inner diameter surface of the seal block 27, and a sealing material 8 is provided on the circumferential surfaces of the projection 53 and the step 25.
  • spacer rings 26 of different thicknesses are prepared, and they are exchanged so that the blank holding space Ch may be set optionally.
  • the numeral 28 is a knock-out.
  • the basic structure of the invention is as having mentioned above, but may of course include other processes such as under said.
  • Fig. 10 shows an ironing deep drawing process as one example.
  • the punch 4 and the die hole are structured in diameter such that determined ironing ratio is obtained.
  • the ring-like space 7 is formed between the die 2 and the blank holder 5, and the material W is drawn into the hydraulic pressure chamber 2, taking the ironing component into consideration.
  • the part of the counterpressure Pc generated by said drawing is supplied into the space 7 via the bypass passage 9 running from the pressure chamber 2 and the compression force P C1 is added to the radius direction from the outer circumference of the material W.
  • a further embodiment is the redrawing process as shown in Fig. 11.
  • the redrawing is applied to a vessel of square body, a vessel of small bottom or large depth. If the invention is applied to redrawing, the formability is made excellent.
  • the material W of cup shape is obtained by the first drawing in dependence upon the invented or other process, and the cup shaped material W is set on the die 1 for performing the redrawing.
  • the blank holder 5 is defined with the ring-like concave on its outer circumference, and the bypass passages 9 are prepared between the hydraulic pressure chamber 2 and the upper inside surface of the die 1.
  • the material W is mounted and the blank holder 5 is pressed into the die 1, whereby longitudinal ring-like space 7 is formed on the outer circumference (region including an upper end of the side wall) of the material W.
  • the punch 4 is moved down to redraw the material, the part of the hydraulic counterpressure Pc generated in the pressure chamber 2 is supplied into the ring-like space 7 from each of the passages 9.
  • the both surfaces of the material are provided with lubrication.
  • Fig. 12 shows an application to the ironing pressure process.
  • an ironing punch 4 is formed on an outer circumference with the ring-like concave.
  • the bypass passages 9, 9a combine the hydraulic chamber 2-the concave 70-the die shoulder 111, and the ironing is performed with the counterpressure by means of the punch 4 and the die shoulder 111.
  • the part of the counterpressure Pc in the chamber 2 is supplied to the outer and upper portion of the material W and the die shoulder 111, respectively, so that the die shoulder 111 is given the lubrication while the material W is pressed toward the die shoulder.
  • Figs. 13 to 18 show embodiments where the present invention is applied to the reverse redrawing.
  • the first drawing is carried out with the other apparatus, and the product by the first drawing is taken out from the apparatus and mounted on the apparatus shown in Fig. 11 for subjecting to the redrawing by the hydraulic counterpressure.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 13 through Fig. 18 is characterized by performing the first drawing and the counterpressure redrawing in one continuous process.
  • the forming process of vessels deep in height with the radial counterpressure reverse redrawing comprises basically the first drawing (drawing of plate) by the ordinary drawing of the metal molding cushion type (Figs. 13 to 15) and the counterpressure reverse drawing by additing the hydraulic pressure to the radius direction (Figs. 16 and 17).
  • the first drawing is carried out with a first drawing die 10 provided to an outer slide 18, a first drawing blank holder 50 on a cushion pin 22 passing through the bed 21, and the punch 1 (serving also as the redrawing die) fixed on the bed 21.
  • the reverse redrawing is carried out with a redrawing punch 4 provided on an inner slide 17, a redrawing blank holder 5 integrally or independently fixed to said first drawing die 10, and the hydraulic pressure chamber 2 formed within the punch 1.
  • the invention For adding the radial pressure during the redrawing, the invention provides, in the side wall of the punch, a plurality of the bypass passages 9,9 making communications with the hydraulic pressure chamber 2 and the end portion of the punch, and furnishes a sealing packing 23 on the outer circumference of the punch under the bypass passages 9,9.
  • the vessel of deep bottom is formed by elevating the cushion pin as shown in Fig. 13, elevating the blank holder 50 up to a level meeting the upper surface of the punch 1 at the holding surface, and supplying the liquid A such as oil into the hydraulic chamber 2.
  • the liquid A passes through the bypass passages 9,9 and fills a tubular space defined between the inner diameter part of the blank holder 50 and the outer part of the punch 1.
  • the material W is mounted on the blank holder 50 and the punch 1, and the outer slide 18 is moved down so that the material M is held between the die 10 and the holder 50.
  • the blank holding force is supplied via the cushion pin 22 and the first drawing die 10 is moved down to carry out the cushion drawing.
  • the material W is followed in shape around the punch 1 by moving down the first drawing die 10 and is drawn into the first drawing die as shown in Fig. 14.
  • the material W turns out a product W1 by the first drawn of cup shape without flange.
  • the liquid A is sealed in the ring like space defined by the inner side 101 of the first drawing die 10, the outer side 11 of the punch and the step 13 of the punch.
  • the reverse redrawing is undertaken under a condition that the product W1 obtained by the previous process is positioned between the first drawing die 10 and the punch 1.
  • the outer slide 18 adds the pressure to the bottom of the first drawing die 10 or the redrawing blank holder 5 as a substitution of said bottom in order to cause the blank holding force required to the reverse redrawing between the upper surface of the punch 1 and the die 10.
  • the redrawing punch 4 is moved down by the inner slide 17 into the hydraulic pressure passing through the bottom of the first drawing die 10 or the central hole 52 of the redrawing blank holder 5, and the reverse redrawing is begun with the hydraulic counterpressure.
  • the liquid in the chamber 2 is effected with pressure increasing by pushing the redrawing punch 4, whereby the hydraulic counterpressure is generated.
  • the bottom of the first drawn product W1 is followed in shape around the shoulder of the redrawing punch 4 as shown in Figs. 16 and 18, and a side wall Wa is formed by pushing the redrawing punch 4.
  • the part of the pressure heightened fluid flows into space between the material and the shoulder 111 of the punch 1 (herein the redrawing die), and the lubrication is made on the inner side of the side wall of the first drawn product W1 and the inner side of the bottom.
  • the ordinary counterpressure drawing is limited thereto.
  • the bypass passage 9 communicates with the space defined between the outer circumference of the punch 11 and the pressure chamber 2. Therefore the part P C1 of the counterpressure by pushing of the redrawing punch 4 is flown under pressure into the space 7 from the bypass passage 9 as shown in Fig. 18.
  • This radial pressure P C1 directly acts to the side wall of the product W1 and presses the end Wc of the side wall to the axial direction.
  • the radial pressure Pc i passes the outer side of the wall of the product W1 and the outer side of the bottom, and discharges upwardly from a space 52 formed with the redrawing punch 4 and the bottom of the first drawing die or the wall of the redrawing blank holder 5. During this period the lubrication is made on the outer side of the wall of the product W1 and the outer side of the bottom.
  • the invention carries out the reverse redrawing with hydraulic counterpressure so that the friction-keeping-effect is provided on the shoulder of the punch and the side wall, and the part of the counterpressure is supplied into the space 7 between the punch 1 and the first drawing die 10.
  • the side wall of the product W1 is positively pushed to the axial direction. Therefore tension is reduced which is generated in the side wall of the product of the first drawing when the reverse redrawing is performed.
  • the fluid lubrication is effectively made on the side wall of the first drawn product and the bottom, and the redrawing ratio is largely increased by the synergestic effect thereby, and the vessel W2 of deep depth as shown in Fig. 17 is formed in one forming process.
  • the pressure pressing manner in the hydraulic pressure chamber 2 in said reverse redrawing may depend as shown in Fig. 16 and 17 on natural pressure increasing by pushing of the redrawing punch 4. If the pressure were not enough with pushing of the punch at the initial period of the procedure, the pressure chamber 2 would be forcibly increased with pressure by the pump 16 when the first drawing is finished (a condition shown in Fig. 15) and the punch would be forcibly pushed.
  • the blank holding manner in the reverse redrawing may be depend upon any of a stationary system or a pressure system.
  • a spacer 24 intervenes between the bed 21 and the blank holder 5a, and the stationary blank holder system is employed.
  • the spacer 24 may be ring-like shape formed with a hole for passing the cushion pin 22, or may be such a type that a spacer without hole is secured with bolts under the first drawing blank holder 50 and is upheaved by the cushion pin 22 together with the blank holder 50.
  • the spacer 24 is removed and the blank holding pressure by the outer slide 18 is controlled as increasing of the hydraulic pressure in the chamber 2.
  • the blank holding space Ch (a clearance between the bottom of the first drawing die or the lower surface of the redrawing blank holder 5 and the upper surface of the punch 1) were too small, the blank holding force would be too strong and the fluid lubrication by the hydraulic pressure P C1 would not be smoothly effected and the limit of the breakage would be lowered. Contrarily, if the blank holding space Ch were too large unnecessarily, the hydraulic pressure from the set hydraulic pressure would be decreased so that the limit of the breakage is lowered due to lacking of the pressure.
  • the blank holding space Ch were 1.00 to 1.20 to, the friction-keeping-effect+the pushing-effect to the side wall+the lubricating effect on both surfaces were fully displayed. The lower limit of 1.00 to is because the thickness is decreased somewhat and the substantial space is around 1.05 to.
  • Figs 19 and 20 show an embodiment where a double-acting press with cushion is provided with the forming tool for practising the invented process.
  • the bottom of the pressure chamber 2 is formed with a passage 100 running through a bed 21, which communicates with an external hydraulic control apparatus 12.
  • the hydraulic pressure control apparatus 12 is only enough with a pump 16 for feeding the liquid into the chamber 2 and a control valve 14 for setting the hydraulic pressure at the determined value. Therefore the embodiment is not limited to the shown one.
  • the redrawing blank holder 5 is secured on the first drawing die 10 and a seal packing material 23 is positioned therebetween, and a stationary blank holding spacer 24 is provided under the blank holder 50.
  • the comparative process shows that the hydraulic pressure increases in the same obliquity as the hydraulic counterpressure drawing by pushing the punch, and it decreases temporarily when the fluid flows out between the material and the die and reaches the outer circumference of the flange, and subsequently it further increases as pushing the outer circumference of the flange to the radial direction, and largely decreases when the fluid flows out from between the material and the blank holder.
  • the pressure is not decreased when the fluid flows from the material and the die, but the pressure is increased from the initial period of the procedure as pushing the outer circumference of the flange, and the pressure is largely decreased when the liquid flows out from between the material and the blank holder.
  • the comparative process is involved with the time-lag in the flange pushing effect, while the present invention has the flange pushing effect from the starting period of the forming process and therefore the thickness of the material is controlled at the shoulder of the punch so that the limit of breakage is improved, and the invented process is more excellent than the comparative process.
  • the redrawing ratio dp 1 /dp 2 is considerably improved in comparison with around 1.3 of the conventional process, and the total drawing ratio Do/dp z is improved up to above 4.9 in comparison with around 2.6 at the maximum of the conventional process.
  • the redrawing ratio was around 2.5 and the total drawing ratio was around 4.9. But if said diameters were smaller, the redrawing ratio would be around 2.6 and the total drawing ratio would be around 5.3.
  • the comparative process only has the friction-keeping-effect by the counterpressure and the lubrication on one side of the first drawn product, and therefore the breakage at the shoulder of the redrawing punch or the breakage at the die shoulder (punch hole in the first drawing process) are easily created.
  • the present invention has the synergestic effect of pushing effect to the side wall of the first drawn product by the radial pressure and the friction-reducing effect by the lubricant to the both sides of the first drawn product, in addition to said effect of the comparative pressure.
  • the breakage is difficult to appear and the redrawing ratio and the total drawing ratio are improved.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum Verformen von Metallblech mit hydraulischem Gegendruck, wobei ein Rohstück (W) in eine vorbestimmte Gestalt geformt wird mittels einer Form (1), die eine mit einer Flüssigkeit (A) gefüllte Druckkammer (2) aufweist, einem gegenüber der Druckkammer (2) angeordneten Rohstückhalter (5), einem in die Druckkammer (2) zu treibenden Stempel (4) einem zum Einschließen des äußeren Umfangs (Wc) des Rohstücks (W) zwischen der Form (1) und dem Rohstückhalter (5) gebildeten ringartigen Raum (7), wobei der Stempel (4) derart nach unten bewegt wird, daß das Rohstück (W) in die Hydraulik-Druckkammer gezogen und dadurch hydraulischer Gegendruck von der Druckkammer (2) über eine Nebenleitung (9) dem ringartigem Raum (7) zugeführt wird, wodurch der äußere Umfang des Rohstücks durch die zugeführte hydraulische Druckflussigkeit (A) in radialer Richtung mit einer Kompressionskraft (Pc,) beaufschlagt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (Ch) des ringartigen Raums (7) größer ist als die Materialdicke (W) des Rohstücks, daß ein unter dem erzeugten Gegendruck dem ringartigen Raum (7) zugeführter Anteil an Flüssigkeit (A) zwischen die obere Oberfläche der Form (1) und die untere Oberfläche des Rohstücks (W) sowie zwischen die obere Oberfläche des Rohstucks (W) und die untere Oberfläche des Rohstückhalters (5) 'eingepreßt wird, wobei dieser Anteil der Flussigkeit (A) als Schmierung der oberen und unteren Oberflächen des Rohstücks (W) während des Verformverfahrrens dient.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Rohstückhalterung ein stationäres Rohstückhalteverfahren ist.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Rohstückhalterung ein Druckhalteverfahren ist.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem ein unter hydraulischem Gegendrück in der Druckkammer (2) erzeugter weiterer Anteil der Flüssigkeit (A) durch weitere Nebenleitungen (9a) einer Formschulter (111) zugeführt wird, um eine Schmierung der Formschulter während eines Zieh-, und Glättverfahrens, daß durch den Stempel (4) und der auf das Rohstück (W) einwirkenden Formschulter (111) hervorgerufen wird, zu bewirken.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Formstück (W) einen durch Erstziehen aus Plattenmaterial geformten Anteil einer becher-artigen Form aufweist, und dieses Rohstück (W) durch ein zweites Ziehen weiter verformt wird, um dessen weitere Form zu gewährleisten.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Verformen in einem ringartigem Raum von 1,02 bis 1,20 mal der Dicke des Materials durchgeführt wird.
7. Verfahren zum Verformen von Metallblech mit hydraulischem Gegendruck, bei dem ein Rohstück (W) auf einem ersten Rohstückhalter (50) des Kissentyps, welcher einen ersten Stempel (1) umgibt, montiert wird, bei dem der erste Stempel (1) auch als Nachzieh-Form dient, die eine mit Flüssigkeit (A) gefüllte Hydraulik-Druckkammer aufweist; bei dem das Erstziehen durch Andrücken einer dem ersten Stempel (1) gegenüber angeordneten Erstziehform (10) an dem Erstrohstückhalter (50) und durch Weiterbewegung des Erstrohstückhalters (50) relativ zum ersten Stempel (1) entgegen der Wirkung des Kissens durchgeführt wird, wodurch der erste Stempel (1) in die Erstziehform (10) eintritt und das Rohstück (W) verformt; bei dem ein zweites Ziehen durch Einpressen eines dem ersten Stempel (10) gegenüber angeordneten Nachziehstempels (4) in die Hydraulik-Druckkammer (2) des ersten Stempels (1) durchgeführt wird, weicher jetzt als Nachziehform dient, und bei dem ein hydraulischer Gegendruck in der Druckkammer (2) erzeugt wird; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der unter hydraulischem Gegendruck innerhalb der Druckkammer (2) stehenden Flüssigkeit (A) über Nebenleitungen (9), die durch die Seitenwand des ersten Stempels (1) hindurchverlaufen, dem ringartigen Raum zwischen dem ersten Stempel (1) und der Erstziehform (10) zugeführt wird, wodurch mittels dieser zugeführten hydraulischen Druckflüssigkeit (A) eine Kompressionskraft (Pc,) in axialer Richtung an der Seitenwand ds Erstziehprodukts bewirkt und ein Teil der hydaulischen Druckflüssigkeit (A) zwischen die Oberlfäche des ersten Stempels (1) und die eine Oberfläche des Rohstücks (W) sowie zwischen die Oberfläche der Erstziehform (10) und die andere Oberfläche des Rohstücks (W) entsprechend zur Schmierung beider Oberflächen des Rohstücks während des Verformverfahrens eingepreßt wird.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Druck der Hydraulik-Druckkammer in dem Stülp-Nachziehverfharen zwangsweise erhöht wird.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Druck der Hydraulik-Druckkammer in dem Stülp-Nachziehverfahren durch Schieben des Stempels in natürlicher Weise erhöht wird.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem das Verformen in einem ringartigem Raum einer Dicke von 1,0 bis 1,20 mal der Dicke des erstgezogenen Materials durchgeführt wird.
EP19830103876 1982-04-20 1983-04-20 Verfahren zum Formen von Blech mittels hydraulischen Gegendrucks Expired EP0092253B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83103876T ATE28808T1 (de) 1982-04-20 1983-04-20 Verfahren zum formen von blech mittels hydraulischen gegendrucks.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57066118A JPS58181431A (ja) 1982-04-20 1982-04-20 周液圧重畳式対向液圧成形法
JP66118/82 1982-04-20
JP58047526A JPS59174230A (ja) 1983-03-22 1983-03-22 周液圧逆再絞りを用いた深底容器類の成形法
JP47526/83 1983-03-22

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EP0092253A2 EP0092253A2 (de) 1983-10-26
EP0092253A3 EP0092253A3 (en) 1985-03-20
EP0092253B1 true EP0092253B1 (de) 1987-08-12

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DE1752647B1 (de) * 1965-03-01 1972-01-05 Western Electric Co Verfahren zur umformung eines plattenfoermigen metallrohlings zu einem becherartigen werkstueck
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Also Published As

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DE92253T1 (de) 1984-03-01
EP0092253A2 (de) 1983-10-26
EP0092253A3 (en) 1985-03-20
DE3372937D1 (en) 1987-09-17

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