EP0092043A2 - Electrostatic spraying device - Google Patents

Electrostatic spraying device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0092043A2
EP0092043A2 EP83101831A EP83101831A EP0092043A2 EP 0092043 A2 EP0092043 A2 EP 0092043A2 EP 83101831 A EP83101831 A EP 83101831A EP 83101831 A EP83101831 A EP 83101831A EP 0092043 A2 EP0092043 A2 EP 0092043A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressed air
annular gap
gap
annular
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83101831A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0092043A3 (en
Inventor
Willi Huber
Markus Schmidhauser
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Wagner International AG
Original Assignee
Wagner International AG
J Wagner AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wagner International AG, J Wagner AG filed Critical Wagner International AG
Publication of EP0092043A2 publication Critical patent/EP0092043A2/en
Publication of EP0092043A3 publication Critical patent/EP0092043A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B05B5/0407—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member with a spraying edge, e.g. like a cup or a bell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0426—Means for supplying shaping gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic spraying device for applying a liquid coating material to a workpiece, with a rotating, bell-like or disk-like atomizing head, on the inner surface of which the coating material is applied and thrown off the edge of its edge, and .. with a coaxial to the atomizing head to a compressed air source connected annular gap, which ejects a compressed air jacket enveloping the atomized coating material.
  • Air currents of such a pressure level lead to undesirable turbulence and impart such high kinetic energy to the color particles that the effect of the electrostatic field (color change on the workpiece) is at least partially eliminated. Furthermore, it has been shown that with this air jacket given off by an annular gap it is hardly possible to take into account both the requirements for the adjustability of the color cloud size and the requirements for avoiding the breaking out of color particles and the lowest possible flying speed of the color particles in the direction of the workpiece.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned at the outset in order to be able to adjust the size and diameter of the cloud consisting of the atomized coating material as desired, but nevertheless the occurrence of turbulence, the eruption of some of the color particles from the cloud and a too high flight speed of the cloud towards the workpiece can be avoided
  • an additional outer ring; gap provided.
  • the inner air gap should serve in particular to encase the color cloud in order to
  • the outer air jacket supplied by the additional annular gap has the primary task of compensating for the turbulence at the edges caused by the color clouds in cooperation with the inner air jacket and returning the color particles that break out into the cloud. Practical tests have shown that it is possible to use comparatively low air pressures even with very fast rotating atomizers. Due to the possibility of width adjustment and, if necessary, the directional adjustment of the concentric two air gaps, it is possible to make a very exact adjustment of the cloud size, and that in a very wide range, the from a very narrow, almost jet-like cloud to a cloud of considerable diameter.
  • the adjustability of the two air streams opens up the possibility of either directing them directly onto the color cloud or bouncing them off on a component, such as the outer surface of the atomizer head, which further increases the extent of the adjustments and adjustments.
  • the drawing shows in section the front part of a spray gun, with one half, ie the part below the ; central pistol longitudinal axis A, is omitted.
  • 10 denotes a drive rotary shaft, on the front end of which a rotary atomizer bell 11 with atomizer edge 11a is seated.
  • the liquid to be sprayed hereinafter called paint for short, is supplied to the inner surface of the bell 11 via the paint channels 12 distributed concentrically to the axis A.
  • a bell inner body is designated.
  • the bell 11 is coaxially surrounded by a small distance from an annular body 14, on the front part of which a ring 15 is screwed. Between the front edges of the ring body 14 and ring 15 there is an annular gap 16.
  • the edge surface 14a of the body 14 delimiting the annular gap is pivoted in a diverging manner with respect to the axis A
  • the inner edge surface of the ring 15a delimiting the gap 16 is pivoted in a converging manner with respect to the axis A.
  • An inner projection 15b of the ring 15 serves as a guide element when the ring 15 is screwed relative to the ring body 14.
  • the gap behind the ring gap mouth 16 is connected to a compressed air supply which is not shown in the drawing.
  • Ring body 17 and ring 18 form an annular gap 19, wherein — corresponding to the annular gap 16 — the inner surface of the body 17 delimiting the gap 19 diverging to the axis A, the inner surface of the ring 18 delimiting the gap 19 is converging-beveled and the Ring 18 also has an inwardly jumping guide lug 18b.
  • the gap space behind the gap mouth 19 is also connected to a compressed air line, not shown.
  • the two ring bodies 14 and 17 can be a single, contiguous component.
  • the plane of the annular gap 19 is set back in relation to the plane of the ring gap 16, while the plane of the ring gap 16 is set back in relation to the plane of the atomizing edge 11a of the atomizing bell 11.
  • the atomizer bell 11 is connected to high voltage, so that its edge 11a represents a known electrostatic atomizer edge.
  • the device works as follows.
  • the bell 11 is set in rotation by the shaft 10, with the result that the paint supplied via the channels 12 is a thin film along the inner wall of the bell 11 (arrow a) toward the edge 11a. reaches from which it is thrown off by the action of centrifugal force and atomized and promoted by the action of the electrostatic field to the workpiece not shown.
  • both annular gaps 16 and 19 are supplied with pressure air which leaves the column in the direction of arrows g and c.
  • the inner air flow b hits the outer edge of the bell 11
  • the air flow c of the outer gap 19 hits the outer surface of the ring 15.
  • Both air flows are deflected from their respective impact surfaces, so that two coaxial to one another , conical air jacket envelopes opening in the direction of the workpiece.
  • the annular gap 16 becomes narrower until it finally reaches when the half displacement x is completely or almost completely closed.
  • the direction b of the air flow also changes in such a way that the flow direction b approaches the parallelism to the axis A more and more. If the ring 15 is then screwed further back, the annular gap 16 opens again and finally reaches its full width at the end of the displacement path x.
  • the direction of the air flow B also changes, in such a way that the air flow - viewed in the direction of the workpiece - diverges more and more.
  • both the annular gap widths and thus the strength of the air envelope and the air ejection directions can be set as desired, specifically for both annular gaps, makes it possible to dimension the atomizer cloud exactly in the desired manner and also to ensure that essentially none Color particles leave the cloud. This can be achieved due to the double air screen with compressed air at comparatively low pressure, so that the compressed air does not transmit too much kinetic energy to the paint particles, which disrupts the effect of the electrostatic field.
  • the two comparatively weak air envelopes lead to only insignificant turbulence in the area outside the atomizing cloud; Should there be turbulence due to negative pressure in the bell center, this effect can be caused by an additional central compressed air line 20 turned off.
  • the invention can undergo numerous modifications. For example, in some cases it is not necessary for the two air gaps 16, 19 to be adjustable separately; in this case the rings .15 and 18 are then connected to one another in terms of movement. In some cases it may also be sufficient if only the gap widths are adjustable, whereas the directions of the air flows can remain constant; in such cases, there is no need for the mutually opposing inner bevels of the surfaces delimiting the gaps.
  • rings 15 and 18 shown as screw bodies are simple sliding sleeves, provided, however, that care is taken to ensure that the rings are not inadvertently during operation. move by itself.
  • the fling edge 11a, annular gap 16 and annular gap 16 lie in three different planes; or that the levels of the annular gaps are located behind the level of the flinging edge 11a.

Abstract

Eine elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines flüssigen Überzugsmaterials auf ein Werkstück, mit einem rotierenden, glocken- oder scheibenartigen Zerstäuberkopf und einem zum Zerstäuberkopf koaxialen, an eine Druckluftquelle angeschlossenen Ringspalt wird derart weiter ausgebildet, daß ein weiterer an eine Druckluftquelle angeschlossener Ringspalt vorgesehen ist, der als äußerer Ringspalt den ersten, inneren Ringspalt koaxial umgibt, und daß die Spaltbreite zumindest des einen der beiden Ringspalte verstellbar ist.An electrostatic spraying device for applying a liquid coating material to a workpiece, with a rotating, bell-like or disk-like atomizing head and an annular gap coaxial with the atomizing head, connected to a compressed air source, is further developed such that another annular gap connected to a compressed air source is provided, which is provided as outer annular gap coaxially surrounds the first, inner annular gap, and that the gap width of at least one of the two annular gaps is adjustable.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines flüssigen Übergugsmaterials auf ein Werkstück, mit einem rotierenden, glocken- oder scheibenartigen Zerstäuberkopf, auf dessen Innenfläche das Überzugsmaterial aufgebracht und von dessen Randkante abgeschleudert wird, und.. mit einem zum Zerstäuberkopf koaxialen, an eine Druckluftquelle angeschlossenen Ringspalt, der einen das zerstäubte Überzugsmaterial umhüllenden Druckluftmantel ausstößt.The invention relates to an electrostatic spraying device for applying a liquid coating material to a workpiece, with a rotating, bell-like or disk-like atomizing head, on the inner surface of which the coating material is applied and thrown off the edge of its edge, and .. with a coaxial to the atomizing head to a compressed air source connected annular gap, which ejects a compressed air jacket enveloping the atomized coating material.

Ursprünglich ist man davon ausgegangen, daß bei elektrostati- sehen Rotationszerstäubern die zusätzliche Anwendung von Druck-. luft nicht erforderlich ist, weil das zwischen Rotationszer- stäuber und Werkstück bestehende elektrostatische Feld die vom Zerstäuber durch Zentrifugalkraft abgeschleuderte und zerstäubte Farbe zum Werkstück umlenkt und zum Werkstück transportiert. Der Verzicht auf zusätzliche, in etwa in Richtung des Werkstücks strömende Druckluft setzt jedoch voraus, daß die den Farbpartikein aufgeprägte Zentrifugalkraft vergleichsweise gering ist, der Zerstäuberkopf also mit nur geringer Umdrehungszahl angetrieben wird. Letzteres bringt aber den Nachteil mit sich, daß der Farbdurchsatz, also die Menge an pro Zeiteinheit abgeschleudeter und versprühter Farbe, klein ist. Man ist deshalb zur Erhöhung des Farbdurchsatzes auf immer höhere Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeiten des Zerstäuberkopfes übergegangen. Um dabei zu verhindern, daß ein beträchtlicher.Teil der Farbpartikel infolge der starken Zentrifugalkraftswirkung aus dem elektrischen Feld ausbricht, ist es bekannt, einen zum Zerstäuberkopf koaxialen, an eine Druckluftquelle angeschlossenen Ringspalt vorzusehen, der einen das zerstäubte Überzugsmaterial (Farbwolke) umhüllenden Druckluftmantel erzeugt. Weiterhin ist es bekannt, diesen. Druckluftmantel auch dazu heranzuziehen, Größe bzw. Durchmesser der Farbwolke den jeweiligen Erfordernissen anzupassen. In der Praxis hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß sich trotz dieses Luftmantels gewisse Schwierigkeiten ergeben. So muß, insbesondere bei sehr hohen Zerstäuberkopf-Drehungsgeschwindigkeiten, ein Luftdruck beträchtlicher Stärke gewählt werden, um so ein Ausbrechen von Farbpartikeln und eine unerwünschte Durchmesservergrößerung der Farbwolke zu verhindern. Luftströme derartiger Druckhöhe führen aber zu unerwünschten Turbulenzen und vermitteln den Farbpartikeln eine derartige hohe kinetische Energie daß die Wirkung des elektrostatischen Feldes (Farbumgriff am Werkstück) zumindest teilweise aufgehoben wird. Weiterhin hat sich gezeigt, daß es mit diesem , von einem Ringspalt abgegebenen Luftmantel kaum möglich ist, sowohl den Forderungen der Einstellbarkeit der Farbwolkengröße als auch den Forderungen der Vermeidung des Ausbrechens von Farbpartikeln und der möglichst geringen Fluggeschwindigkeit der Farbpartikel in Richtung Werkstück Rechnung zu tragen.Originally, it was assumed that with electrostatic rotary atomizers the additional application of pressure. air is not necessary because the electrostatic field between the rotary atomizer and the workpiece redirects the color thrown and atomized by the atomizer to the workpiece and transports it to the workpiece. However, dispensing with additional compressed air flowing approximately in the direction of the workpiece presupposes that the centrifugal force imparted to the paint particles is comparatively low, that is to say the atomizer head is driven at only a low number of revolutions. However, the latter has the disadvantage that the paint throughput, ie the amount of paint ejected and sprayed per unit of time, is small. Therefore, to increase the color throughput, the speed of rotation of the atomizer head has increased. In order to prevent a considerable part of the paint particles from breaking out of the electrical field as a result of the strong centrifugal force effect, it is known to provide an annular gap which is coaxial with the atomizer head and is connected to a compressed air source and which produces a compressed air jacket enveloping the atomized coating material (color cloud). Furthermore, it is known. Also use the compressed air jacket to adjust the size or diameter of the color cloud to the respective requirements. In practice, however, it has been shown that certain difficulties arise despite this air jacket. So, especially with very high atomizing head rotation speeds, an air pressure of considerable strength can be selected in order to prevent color particles from breaking out and an undesired increase in the diameter of the color cloud. Air currents of such a pressure level, however, lead to undesirable turbulence and impart such high kinetic energy to the color particles that the effect of the electrostatic field (color change on the workpiece) is at least partially eliminated. Furthermore, it has been shown that with this air jacket given off by an annular gap it is hardly possible to take into account both the requirements for the adjustability of the color cloud size and the requirements for avoiding the breaking out of color particles and the lowest possible flying speed of the color particles in the direction of the workpiece.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Vor- richtung der eingangs erwähnten Art so zu verbessern, um Größe und Durchmesser der aus dem zerstäubten überzugsmaterial bestehenden Wolke beliebig einstellen zu können, wobei jedoch trotzdem das Auftreten von Turbulenzen, der Ausbruch eines Teils der Farbpartikel aus der Wolke und eine zu große Fluggeschwindigkeit der Wolke in Richtung auf das Werkstück vermieden werdenThe object of the present invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned at the outset in order to be able to adjust the size and diameter of the cloud consisting of the atomized coating material as desired, but nevertheless the occurrence of turbulence, the eruption of some of the color particles from the cloud and a too high flight speed of the cloud towards the workpiece can be avoided

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Hauptanspruch gekennzeichnet Gemäß der Erfindung wird also ein zusätzlicher, äußerer Ring-; spalt vorgesehen. Dabei soll der innere Luftspalt insbesondere dazu dienen, die Farbwolke einzuhüzlen, um deren Form bzw.The solution to this problem is characterized in the main claim. According to the invention, an additional outer ring; gap provided. The inner air gap should serve in particular to encase the color cloud in order to

Durchmesser beliebig einstellen zu können. Der vom zusätzlichen Ringspalt gelieferte äußere Luftmantel hat dagegen vor allem die Aufgabe, die von der Farbwolken in Zusammenwirken mit dem inneren Luftmantel entstehenden Randturbulenzen auszugleichen und ausbrechende Farbpartikel in die Wolke zurückzuführen. Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, daß es damit möglich ist, auch bei sehr schnell umlaufenden Rotationszerstäubern mit vergleichsweise geringen Luftdrücken auszukommen. Durch die Möglichkeit der Breitenverstellung und gegebenenfalls der Richtungsverstellung der konzentrischen beiden Luftspalte ist es dabei möglich, eine sehr exakte Einstellung der Wolkengrösse vorzunehmen, und zwar in einem sehr weiten Bereich, der von einer sehr engen, nahezu strahlartigen Wolke bis zu einer Wolke beträchtlichen Durchmessers reicht.Being able to adjust the diameter as desired. The outer air jacket supplied by the additional annular gap, on the other hand, has the primary task of compensating for the turbulence at the edges caused by the color clouds in cooperation with the inner air jacket and returning the color particles that break out into the cloud. Practical tests have shown that it is possible to use comparatively low air pressures even with very fast rotating atomizers. Due to the possibility of width adjustment and, if necessary, the directional adjustment of the concentric two air gaps, it is possible to make a very exact adjustment of the cloud size, and that in a very wide range, the from a very narrow, almost jet-like cloud to a cloud of considerable diameter.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Dabei eröffnet die Richtungsverstellbarkeit der beiden Luftströme die Möglichkeit, diese entweder direkt auf die Farbwolke zu richten oder aber vorab an einem Bauteil, etwa der Außenfläche des Zerstäuberkopfes, abprallen zu lassen, was das Ausmaß der Verstellungen und der Anpassungen weiter vergrößert.Further refinements of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. The adjustability of the two air streams opens up the possibility of either directing them directly onto the color cloud or bouncing them off on a component, such as the outer surface of the atomizer head, which further increases the extent of the adjustments and adjustments.

Auf der Zeichnung ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung beispielsweise dargestellt. Dabei zeigt die einzige Figur im Schnitt das Sprühende einer elektrostatischen Sprühvorrichtung im Schnitt, wobei jedoch nur die eine von der Mittelachse abgehende Seite dargestellt ist.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown for example. The single figure shows in section the spraying end of an electrostatic spraying device in section, but only the one side extending from the central axis is shown.

Die Zeichnung zeigt im Schnitt den Vorderteil einer Spritzpistole, wobei die eine Hälfte, also der Teil unterhalb der ; zentralen Pistolen-Längsachse A, weggelassen ist. Dabei ist mit 10 eine Antriebs-Drehwelle bezeichnet, auf deren Vorderende eine Rotations-Zerstäuberglocke 11 mit Zerstäuberkante 11a sitzt. Die zu versprühende Flüssigkeit, nachfolgend kurz Farbe genannt, wird über die konzentrisch zur Achse A verteilten Farbkanäle 12 der Innenfläche der Glocke 11 zugeführt. Mit 13 ist ein Glocken-Innenkörper bezeichnet. Die Glocke 11 wird koaxial mit geringem Abstand von einem Ringkörper 14 umgeben, auf dessen Vorderteil ein Ring 15 aufgeschraubt ist. Zwischen den Vorderkanten von Ringkörper 14 und Ring 15 besteht ein Ringspalt 16. Die den Ringspalt begrenzende Randfläche 14a des Körpers 14 ist bezüglich der Achse A divergierend angeschwenkt, die den Spalt 16 begrenzende Randinnenfläche des Ringes 15a ,dagegen ist zür Achse A konvergierend angeschwenkt. Ein innerer Vorsprung 15b des Ringes 15 dient als Führungselement beim Verschrauben des Ringes 15 gegenüber dem Ringkörper 14. Der Spaltraum hinter der Ringspaltmündung 16 ist an eine auf der Zeichnung nicht ersichtliche Druckluftzuführung angeschlossen. Auf dem Ringkörper 14 sitzt ferner ein Ringkörper 17, der den Ring 15 übergreift, wobei auf seinem vorderen Bereich ein Ring 18 aufgeschraubt ist. Ringkörper-17 und Ring 18 bilden einen Ringspalt 19, wobei -entsprechend dem Ringspalt 16- die den Spalt 19 begrenzende Innenfläche des Körpers 17 zur Achse A divergierend, die den Spalt 19 begrenzende Innenfläche des Ringes 18 zur Achse A konvergierend-angeschrägt ist und der Ring 18 außerdem eine nach innen springende Führungsnase 18b aufweist. Der Spaltraum hinter der Spaltmündung 19 ist ebenfalls an eine nicht gezeichnete Druckluftleitung angeschlossen Selbstverständlich können die beiden Ringkörper 14 und 17 ein einziges, zusammenhängendes Bauelement sein.The drawing shows in section the front part of a spray gun, with one half, ie the part below the ; central pistol longitudinal axis A, is omitted. Here, 10 denotes a drive rotary shaft, on the front end of which a rotary atomizer bell 11 with atomizer edge 11a is seated. The liquid to be sprayed, hereinafter called paint for short, is supplied to the inner surface of the bell 11 via the paint channels 12 distributed concentrically to the axis A. With 13 a bell inner body is designated. The bell 11 is coaxially surrounded by a small distance from an annular body 14, on the front part of which a ring 15 is screwed. Between the front edges of the ring body 14 and ring 15 there is an annular gap 16. The edge surface 14a of the body 14 delimiting the annular gap is pivoted in a diverging manner with respect to the axis A, the inner edge surface of the ring 15a delimiting the gap 16, on the other hand, is pivoted in a converging manner with respect to the axis A. An inner projection 15b of the ring 15 serves as a guide element when the ring 15 is screwed relative to the ring body 14. The gap behind the ring gap mouth 16 is connected to a compressed air supply which is not shown in the drawing. On the ring body 14 there is also a ring body 17 which engages over the ring 15, with a ring on its front area 18 is screwed on. Ring body 17 and ring 18 form an annular gap 19, wherein — corresponding to the annular gap 16 — the inner surface of the body 17 delimiting the gap 19 diverging to the axis A, the inner surface of the ring 18 delimiting the gap 19 is converging-beveled and the Ring 18 also has an inwardly jumping guide lug 18b. The gap space behind the gap mouth 19 is also connected to a compressed air line, not shown. Of course, the two ring bodies 14 and 17 can be a single, contiguous component.

Wie aus.der Zeichnung ersehen werden kann, ist die Ebene des Ringspalts 19 gegenüber der Ebene des Ringspalts 16 nach hinten zurückversetzt,,während die Ebene des Ringspaltes 16 gegen über der Ebene der Zerstäuberkante 11a der Zerstäuberglocke 11 zurückversetzt ist.As can be seen from the drawing, the plane of the annular gap 19 is set back in relation to the plane of the ring gap 16, while the plane of the ring gap 16 is set back in relation to the plane of the atomizing edge 11a of the atomizing bell 11.

Die Zerstäuberglocke 11 liegt an Hochspannung, so daß ihre Kante 11a eine bekannte elektrostatische Zerstäuberkante darstellt.The atomizer bell 11 is connected to high voltage, so that its edge 11a represents a known electrostatic atomizer edge.

Die Vorrichtung arbeitet folgendermaßen. Durch die Welle 10 wird die Glocke 11 in Rotation versetzt, mit der Folge, daß die über die Kanäle 12 zugeführte Farbe als dünner Film entlang der Innenwand der Glocke 11 (Pfeil a) zur Kante 11a ge-. langt, von welcher sie durch die Wirkung der Zentrifugalkraft abgeschleudert und zerstäubt und durch die Wirkung des elektrc statischen Feldes zu dem nicht gezeichneten Werkstück gefördert wird. Zugleich wird beiden Ringspalten 16 und 19 Druckluj zugeführt, welche die Spalte in Richtung der Pfeile g und c verläßt. Bei der dargestellten Position der Ringe 15 und 18 trifft dabei der innere Luftstrom b auf die Außenkante der Glocke 11, der Luftstrom c des äußeren Spalts 19 auf die Aussenfläche des Rings 15. Beide Luftströme werden von ihren jeweiligen Aufprallflächen abgelenkt, so daß zwei zueinander koaxiale, sich in Richtung auf das Werkstück öffnende, konische Luftmantelhüllen entstehen. Wird nun beispielsweise der Ring 15 auf dem Ringkörper 14 nach hinten geschraubt, dann wird der Ringspalt 16 enger, bis er schließlich bei Erreichen des halben Verschiebeweges x vollständig oder nahezu vollständig geschlossen ist. Dabei ändert sich auch die Richtung b des Luftstromes, und zwar derart, daß sich die Stromrichtung b mehr und mehr der Parallelität zur Achse A nähert. Wird dann der Ring 15 noch weiter nach hinten geschraubt, dann öffnet sich der Ringspalt 16 wieder und erreicht schließlich am Ende des Verschiebeweges x wiederum seine volle Breite. Die Richtung des Luftstromes B ändert sich dabei ebenfalls, und zwar derart, daß der Luftstrom -in Richtung auf das Werkstück betrachtet- immer mehr divergiert.The device works as follows. The bell 11 is set in rotation by the shaft 10, with the result that the paint supplied via the channels 12 is a thin film along the inner wall of the bell 11 (arrow a) toward the edge 11a. reaches from which it is thrown off by the action of centrifugal force and atomized and promoted by the action of the electrostatic field to the workpiece not shown. At the same time, both annular gaps 16 and 19 are supplied with pressure air which leaves the column in the direction of arrows g and c. In the position of the rings 15 and 18 shown, the inner air flow b hits the outer edge of the bell 11, the air flow c of the outer gap 19 hits the outer surface of the ring 15. Both air flows are deflected from their respective impact surfaces, so that two coaxial to one another , conical air jacket envelopes opening in the direction of the workpiece. If, for example, the ring 15 is now screwed back onto the ring body 14, the annular gap 16 becomes narrower until it finally reaches when the half displacement x is completely or almost completely closed. The direction b of the air flow also changes in such a way that the flow direction b approaches the parallelism to the axis A more and more. If the ring 15 is then screwed further back, the annular gap 16 opens again and finally reaches its full width at the end of the displacement path x. The direction of the air flow B also changes, in such a way that the air flow - viewed in the direction of the workpiece - diverges more and more.

Dieselbe Verstellung wie im Falle des Ringspalts 16 kann bezüglich des Ringspalts 19 durchgeführt werden, wobei ebenfalls. beim Zurückschrauben des Ringes 18 sich der Spalt zunächst schließt und dann wieder öffnet und die Richtung c des Druckluftstromes von stark konvergierend zu stark divergierend ab-. geändert wird. Bei divergierender Ausstoßrichtung der Luftströme treffen diese verständlicherweise nicht mehr auf dem Glokkenaußenrand bzw. dem Außenrand des.Ringes 15 auf. Die vom inneren Ringspalt 16 gelieferte Lufthülle sorgt für die gewünschte Gestalt der Zerstäuberwolke, die vom äußeren Ringspalt 19 gelieferte Lufthülle dafür, daß aus der Wolke ausbrechende Farbpartikel wieder in die Wolke zurückgebracht werden. Dadurch, daß sowohl die Ringspaltbreiten und damit die Stärke der Lufthülle als auch die Luftausstoßrichtungen beliebig eingestellt werden können, und zwar für beide Ringspalte gesondert, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Zerstäuberwolke exakt in der gewünschten Weise zu bemessen und darüberhinaus sicherzustellen, daß im wesentlichen keine Farbpartikel die Wolke verlassen. Dabei kann dies infolge des doppelten Luftschirms mit Druckluft vergleichsweise geringen Druckes erreicht werden, so daß die Druckluft den Farbpartikeln keine zu große, die Wirkung des elektrostatischen Feldes störende kinetische Energie überträgt. Außerdem führen die beiden vergleichsweise schwachen Lufthüllen zu nur unbeachtlichen Turbulenzen im Bereich außerhalb der Zerstäubungswolke; sollten sich Turbulenzen durch Unterdruck im Glockenzentrum ergeben, dann kann dieser Effekt durch eine zusätzliche zentrale Druckluftleitung 20 ausgeschaltet werden.The same adjustment as in the case of the annular gap 16 can be carried out with respect to the annular gap 19, whereby likewise. when the ring 18 is screwed back, the gap initially closes and then opens again and the direction c of the compressed air flow from strongly converging to strongly diverging. will be changed. In the event of diverging ejection directions of the air streams, these understandably no longer strike the outer edge of the bell or the outer edge of the ring 15. The air envelope supplied by the inner annular gap 16 ensures the desired shape of the atomizing cloud, the air envelope supplied by the outer annular gap 19 ensures that color particles breaking out of the cloud are brought back into the cloud. The fact that both the annular gap widths and thus the strength of the air envelope and the air ejection directions can be set as desired, specifically for both annular gaps, makes it possible to dimension the atomizer cloud exactly in the desired manner and also to ensure that essentially none Color particles leave the cloud. This can be achieved due to the double air screen with compressed air at comparatively low pressure, so that the compressed air does not transmit too much kinetic energy to the paint particles, which disrupts the effect of the electrostatic field. In addition, the two comparatively weak air envelopes lead to only insignificant turbulence in the area outside the atomizing cloud; Should there be turbulence due to negative pressure in the bell center, this effect can be caused by an additional central compressed air line 20 turned off.

Die Erfindung kann zahlreiche Abwandlungen erfahren. So ist es beispielsweise in manchen Fällen nicht erforderlich, daß beide Luftspalte 16, 19.getrennt verstellbar sind; in diesem Fall werden dann die Ringe .15 und 18 bewegungsmäßig miteinander verbunden. Auch kann es in manchen Fällen genügen, wenn lediglich die Spaltbreiten verstellbar sind, wohingegen die Richtungen der Luftströme konstant bleiben können; in solchen Fällen erübrigen sich dann die einander entgegengerichteten inneren Anschrägungen der die Spalte begrenzenden Flächen.The invention can undergo numerous modifications. For example, in some cases it is not necessary for the two air gaps 16, 19 to be adjustable separately; in this case the rings .15 and 18 are then connected to one another in terms of movement. In some cases it may also be sufficient if only the gap widths are adjustable, whereas the directions of the air flows can remain constant; in such cases, there is no need for the mutually opposing inner bevels of the surfaces delimiting the gaps.

Ferner ist es auch möglich, die als Schraubkörper dargestellt ten Ringe 15 und 18 als einfache Schiebehülsen auszubilden, unter der Voraussetzung jedoch, daß dafür Sorge getragen ist, daß sich die Ringe während des Betriebs nicht unabsichtlich. von selbst verschieben. Schließlich ist es auch nicht immer er forderlich, daß Abschleuderkante 11a, Ringspalt 16 und Ringspalt 16 in drei unterschiedlichen Ebenen liegen; bzw. daß die Ebenen der Ringspalte sich hinter der Ebene der Abschleuderkante 11a befinden.Furthermore, it is also possible to form the rings 15 and 18 shown as screw bodies as simple sliding sleeves, provided, however, that care is taken to ensure that the rings are not inadvertently during operation. move by itself. Finally, it is also not always necessary that the fling edge 11a, annular gap 16 and annular gap 16 lie in three different planes; or that the levels of the annular gaps are located behind the level of the flinging edge 11a.

Claims (12)

1. Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines flüssigen überzugsmaterials auf ein Werkstück, mit einem rotierenden, glocken- oder scheibenartigen Zerstäuberkopf, auf dessen Innenfläche das überzugsmaterial aufgebracht und von dessen Randkante abgeschleudert wird, und mit einem zum Zerstäuberkopf koaxialen, an eine Druckluftquelle angeschlossenen Ringspalt, der einen das zerstäubte Überzugsmaterial umhüllenden Druckluftmantel ausstößt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweiter, ebenfalls an eine Druckluftquelle angeschlossener, äußerer Ringspalt (19) vorgesehen ist, der koaxial zum ersten, inneren Ringspalt (16) angeordnet ist und diesem gegenüber einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist, und daß die Spaltbreite zumindest eines der beiden Ringspalte (16,19) verstellbar ist.1. An electrostatic spraying device for applying a liquid coating material on a workpiece with a rotating, g curls or disc-like atomizing head is applied the coating material on its inner surface and thrown off from the peripheral edge, and with a coaxial to the atomizing head, connected to a compressed air source annular gap, which ejects a compressed air jacket enveloping the atomized coating material, characterized in that a second outer annular gap (19), which is likewise connected to a compressed air source, is provided, which is arranged coaxially with the first inner annular gap (16) and has a larger diameter than this and that the gap width of at least one of the two ring gaps (16, 19) is adjustable. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausstoßrichtung zumindest eines der beiden Ringspalte (16, 19) verstellbar ist. .2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ejection direction of at least one of the two annular gaps (16, 19) is adjustable. . 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Ringspalt (16,19) aus einem Ringkörper (14, 17) und einem darauf verschraub- oder verschiebbaren Ring (15, 18) besteht.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each annular gap (16,19) consists of an annular body (14, 17) and a ring (15, 18) which can be screwed or slid thereon. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Ringkörper (14,17) ein einstückiges Bauteil sind.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the two ring bodies (14, 17) are a one-piece component. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die inneren Spaltbegrenzungen bildenden Flächen (14a,15a;17a,18a) der Ringkörper (14,17) und Ringe (15,18) Schrägflächen mit einander entgegengerichtetem Anstellwinkel sind.5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the surfaces forming the inner gap boundaries (14a, 15a; 17a, 18a) of the ring body (14, 17) and rings (15, 18) are inclined surfaces with opposing angles of attack . 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ebenen der beiden Ringspalte (16, 19) gegenüber der Ebene der Abschleuderkante (11a) des Zerstäuberkopfs (11) in Sprührichtung zurückversetzt sind.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the planes of the two annular gaps (16, 19) are set back in the spray direction with respect to the plane of the centrifugal edge (11a) of the atomizer head (11). 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ebene des äußeren Ringspaltes (19) gegenüber der Ebene des inneren Ringspalts (16) in Sprührichtung zurückversetzt ist.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the plane of the outer annular gap (19) relative to the plane of the inner annular gap (16) is set back in the spray direction. 8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Spaltbreite und/oder Ausstoßrichtung der beiden Ringspalte (16, 19) gemeinsam verstellbar sind.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gap width and / or ejection direction of the two annular gaps (16, 19) are adjustable together. 9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beide Ringspalte (16,19) an dieselbe Druckluftquelle angeschlossen sind.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that both annular gaps (16,19) are connected to the same compressed air source. 10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 mit den Zerstäuberkopf antreibendem Druckluftmotor, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ringspalte (16,19) an die Druckluftzuführung oder -abführung des Druckluftmotors angeschlossen sind.10. The device according to claim 9 with the atomizing head driving compressed air motor, characterized in that the annular gaps (16,19) are connected to the compressed air supply or discharge of the compressed air motor. 11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine weitere, zentral im Zerstäuberkopfinneren mündende Druckluftleitung (20) vorgesehen ist.11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a further compressed air line (20) opening centrally into the atomizer head interior is provided. 12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ansstoßrichtung des inneren Ringspalts (16) gegen die Außenfläche des Zerstäuberkopfs (11), die Ausstoßrichtung des äußeren Ringspalts (19) gegen das zerstäubte Überzugsmaterial gerichtet ist.12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the direction of abutment of the inner annular gap (16) against the outer surface of the atomizing head (11), the direction of ejection of the outer annular gap (19) is directed against the atomized coating material.
EP83101831A 1982-04-19 1983-02-24 Electrostatic spraying device Withdrawn EP0092043A3 (en)

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DE3214314 1982-04-19
DE19823214314 DE3214314A1 (en) 1982-04-19 1982-04-19 ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYER

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EP0092043A2 true EP0092043A2 (en) 1983-10-26
EP0092043A3 EP0092043A3 (en) 1985-01-23

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EP3566779A1 (en) 2006-04-28 2019-11-13 Dürr Systems AG Atomiser and corresponding operating method
US10702879B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2020-07-07 Sata Gmbh & Co. Kg Spray gun manufacturing method, spray gun, spray gun body and cover
CN107666966B (en) * 2015-05-22 2020-03-03 萨塔有限两合公司 Nozzle arrangement for a spray gun
US11141747B2 (en) 2015-05-22 2021-10-12 Sata Gmbh & Co. Kg Nozzle arrangement for a spray gun
US10835911B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2020-11-17 Sata Gmbh & Co. Kg Trigger for a spray gun and spray gun having same
US11801521B2 (en) 2018-08-01 2023-10-31 Sata Gmbh & Co. Kg Main body for a spray gun, spray guns, spray gun set, method for producing a main body for a spray gun and method for converting a spray gun
US11826771B2 (en) 2018-08-01 2023-11-28 Sata Gmbh & Co. Kg Set of nozzles for a spray gun, spray gun system, method for embodying a nozzle module, method for selecting a nozzle module from a set of nozzles for a paint job, selection system and computer program product
US11865558B2 (en) 2018-08-01 2024-01-09 Sata Gmbh & Co. Kg Nozzle for a spray gun, nozzle set for a spray gun, spray guns and methods for producing a nozzle for a spray gun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58193752A (en) 1983-11-11
EP0092043A3 (en) 1985-01-23
DE3214314A1 (en) 1983-10-20
US4572437A (en) 1986-02-25

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