EP0089890A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour protéger une paroi au contact d'une masse liquide contre les variations de pression dynamique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour protéger une paroi au contact d'une masse liquide contre les variations de pression dynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089890A1
EP0089890A1 EP83400563A EP83400563A EP0089890A1 EP 0089890 A1 EP0089890 A1 EP 0089890A1 EP 83400563 A EP83400563 A EP 83400563A EP 83400563 A EP83400563 A EP 83400563A EP 0089890 A1 EP0089890 A1 EP 0089890A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
interface
liquid
chamber
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83400563A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francis Marcel Emile Biesel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0089890A1 publication Critical patent/EP0089890A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the protection of a wall, such as a dam or a reservoir wall, a wall which is in contact with a liquid mass, against variations in dynamic pressure which the liquid can exert on it.
  • a wall which retains a liquid mass is subjected to a so-called static or medium pressure which varies only slowly, for example under the effect of filling or emptying of the reservoir.
  • static or medium pressure which varies only slowly
  • dynamic or fluctuating pressure component which varies rapidly around the static or average pressure.
  • the origin of this dynamic pressure component can result from a explosion occurring in the liquid mass, an earthquake or rapid movements of the reservoir containing the liquid mass.
  • the dynamic pressure component is added to the static component and must be taken into account in the calculation of the resistance of these walls. The reliability of computational cases is reduced when the dynamic pressures have a random demand.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce the dynamic pressure component acting on the wall due to any generating phenomenon of given intensity, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of the structures and / or increase their reliability.
  • the present invention is based on the hydrodynamic laws of the distribution of dynamic pressures in a liquid mass in the vicinity of a free surface (surface of water). As illustrated diagrammatically by the curve 1 in FIG. 1, the dynamic pressure component capable of being exerted on a wall 2 maintaining a liquid mass 3 with a free surface 4, has a low amplitude in the vicinity of the free surface.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a method for locally protecting a wall in contact with a liquid mass against rapid variations in the dynamic pressure component, in which one creates in the vicinity of the wall zone to be protected, in the liquid mass near the wall or between the liquid mass and at least part of the wall, an interface capable of transmitting the pressures between the liquid and a volume of gas.
  • the interface transmits pressures
  • the volume of gas naturally has a static pressure in equilibrium with the static pressure component of the liquid at the interface.
  • the interface is created between the liquid and a volume of gas trapped in a chamber or pocket.
  • Another solution for providing protection over an entire level of the wall is to provide an interface extending continuously along a level line of the wall.
  • the movements of such a large interface will not necessarily be the same at all points. They can, for example, reduce the volume of gas in one place and increase it elsewhere.
  • the gas having a very low inertia moves easily from one point to another, it is therefore possible that significant movements of the interface occur without appreciable variation in the pressure of the gas. This increases the efficiency of the process as long as these movements are not too large, but the absence of pressurization of the gas will allow these movements to become such that the gas is completely expelled from a part of the chamber.
  • the contact. brutal interface with the walls of this part of the chamber can cause harmful overpressures.
  • the interface is subdivided, when it is raised from its normal level, into partial interfaces by subdividing the main chamber into partial chambers by vertical walls. In each partial chamber, the volume of air trapped above the interface will act independently, according to its compressibility law, without the interface being able to reach the entire surface of the wall delimiting the partial chamber.
  • means are interposed in the volume of gas or in the liquid in the vicinity of the interface which ensure partial dissipation of the mechanical energy linked to the movements of the interface.
  • the preferred embodiment consists in interposing a perforated wall between the main mass of the liquid retained by the wall and the interface.
  • This perforated wall reduces the efficiency of the process by slowing down the movements of the interface, but avoids excessive movements for pressure fluctuations whose frequency corresponds to the resonant frequency of the volumes of gas.
  • the device for implementing the method according to the invention and intended to locally protect a wall in contact with a liquid mass against rapid variations in the dynamic pressure component which the liquid can exert on the wall comprises a chamber filled with gas, in communication, by an interface capable of transmitting pressures and located in the vicinity of the wall area to be protected, with the liquid which is in contact with said wall.
  • the interface can be constituted by a flexible wall or by a rigid movable wall perpendicular to its plane delimiting at least partially a chamber in which the gas is enclosed under a pressure substantially equal to the hydrostatic pressure.
  • the interface is produced by the free surface naturally establishing itself in the chamber.
  • the chamber is subdivided into partial chambers by walls substantially perpendicular to the interface and ending at rest at a certain distance from the interface.
  • the partial chambers are at rest in intercommunication through the space between the lower edge of the walls and the interface but, in the event of lifting of the interface, the section decreases and the partial rooms are isolated as soon as the interface reaches the edge of the walls. This prevents all of the gases from being expelled from the partial chambers and the liquid directly exerting its dynamic pressure which is not absorbed on the rigid walls of the chamber.
  • the chamber is in communication with the volume of liquid retained by the wall, via the orifices of a perforated wall.
  • the chamber is made in the thickness of the wall and communicates with the volume of liquid through at least one orifice in this wall situated at the bottom level of the chamber.
  • the chamber is produced by a wall attached to the wall to be protected and forming therewith a chamber open at its lower part.
  • the chamber is independent of the wall and constituted by a submerged bell, the internal chamber of which has a mobile interface with the liquid, a bell which is kept close to the wall.
  • the reference 9 designates the body of the dam and 10 the mass of water retained by this dam.
  • slabs inclined downwards 11 are produced on the upstream face of the dam by forming awnings.
  • air pockets 12 are formed which are at equilibrium pressure with hydrostatic pressure.
  • the volume of these pockets can be determined by orifices 13 passing through the slabs, the air escaping from a pocket being captured in the upper pocket.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to restore full air pockets by injecting pressurized air into the lowest pocket.
  • Thin slabs 15 are provided on the ends of the slabs 11 provided with perforations 16. When a dynamic overpressure P appears, it is transmitted attenuated in the volume of water 17 between the interface and said wall. Because the hydrostatic pressure prevails on the two faces of the walls 15, these can be thin because they only have to withstand the single component of dynamic pressure.
  • the chambers formed under the awnings are, in particular when they are of great length, subdivided by transverse walls as will be explained below for other embodiments.
  • the air chambers are produced by bells 18 immersed at various depths. These bells are of cylindro-conical shape flattened enough so that the perforated underside 19 offers a large section for passage through the water. An air pocket 20 in hydrostatic equilibrium with the ambient medium is formed at the top of the bell and it has, with the volume of water which has passed through the perforated wall 19, an interface 21.
  • the bell is ballasted with a weight 22.
  • the whole bell. normal fill volume and this ballast must maintain a floating tab i l i t y oositive.
  • a cable 23 connects the ballast 22 to a second ballast 24 resting on the bottom. The weight of the latter ballast is such that the entire bell and the two ballast regains positive buoyancy only if the bell is almost entirely full of air.
  • a flexible or articulated pipe 25 blows compressed air into the bell to "replenish” the level, it leads to a float 26 itself connected by a cable 27 to the bell.
  • the ballast 22 drives the bell downwards until the bottom is reached or until the cable 27 tightens and pushes the float 26, which gives the alert.
  • This float is calculated not to sink completely even if the bell has lost all its gas.
  • the upper end of the pipe 25 thus always remains accessible and allows the inflation of the air pocket with a mobile compressor for example.
  • bells may, for example, consist of enclosures made of a flexible material, such as rubber, and be anchored by a cable to a sufficient ballast or to any other suitable attachment point.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the interaction surface of water and gas is as large as possible.
  • the disadvantage, for certain applications, is that it is difficult to introduce a high energy absorption. A certain absorption can result from the choice of the material of the enclosure, which can have a high coefficient of internal friction. It can also be obtained by placing finely divided materials, glass fibers for example, in the gas pocket.
  • these flexible bells can also be placed inside rigid cages with perforated walls.
  • FIG. 6 shows a very simple embodiment which can be applied, for example, to the protection of the vertical walls of a metal tank containing a liquid.
  • Figure 7 shows in vertical section perpendicular to the wall and that Figure 6 shows in elevation seen from the inside of the tank.
  • the gas pocket 32 is formed under this hood during filling.
  • FIG. 8 represents, in schematic vertical section, a metal tank, of vertical axis, containing a liquid reaching level 34.
  • the bottom wall, or floor, of this tank is protected by gas pockets produced under O-rings 35 or under a central bell 36. This protection will be useful in particular to reduce pressure fluctuations due to vertical earthquakes.
  • the upper face, or ceiling is provided with cells 37 open downwards, which create gas pockets according to the invention as soon as they are reached by the liquid. These gas pockets in particular reduce the pressure fluctuations due to vertical earthquakes, when the tank is filled to the said cells, or reduce the pressure fluctuations due to temporary and local increases in level which could cause a brutal shock between the free surface and ceiling of the tank.
  • toroidal bells 38 On the side walls are arranged toroidal bells 38 retaining gas pockets 39 according to the invention. These bags will be useful in particular for reducing pressure fluctuations due to horizontal earthquakes. For these earthquakes, the pressure fluctuations will have opposite signs at diametrically opposite points of the toroidal bells.
  • transverse walls 40 subdivide the chamber into an O-ring 39 by creating chambers in sectors which are isolated when the interface is raised.
  • the inner wall of the bells 38 is extended in the form of a continuous wall provided with perforations.
  • the wall 33 is lined with internal walls 42 forming the toric bells whose lower edge 43 is located below the edge of the top of the lower toroidal bell.
  • the gas pockets 45 occupy the entire surface of the outer wall, which improves the thermal insulation between the liquid 10 and the wall 33.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
EP83400563A 1982-03-23 1983-03-17 Procédé et dispositif pour protéger une paroi au contact d'une masse liquide contre les variations de pression dynamique Withdrawn EP0089890A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8204904A FR2524029A1 (fr) 1982-03-23 1982-03-23 Protection de parois en contact avec des liquides contre des fluctuations de pression rapides
FR8204904 1982-03-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089890A1 true EP0089890A1 (fr) 1983-09-28

Family

ID=9272281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400563A Withdrawn EP0089890A1 (fr) 1982-03-23 1983-03-17 Procédé et dispositif pour protéger une paroi au contact d'une masse liquide contre les variations de pression dynamique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0089890A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS58173209A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2524029A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7735643B2 (en) 2005-01-29 2010-06-15 David Sanches Inflatable shipping device and method of forming and using same
CN101538840B (zh) * 2009-03-20 2011-02-09 四川大学 消力池内的挑流消能工
WO2011160820A1 (de) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Ekkehard Fehling Fluidbauwerk

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1432607A (fr) * 1965-01-14 1966-03-25 Zodiac Anciens Etablissements Perfectionnements apportés aux défenses d'accostage élastiques
GB1198808A (en) * 1967-02-01 1970-07-15 Nat Res Dev Fender or Like Impact-Absorbing Device
FR2407295A1 (fr) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-25 Iida Kensetsu Co Ltd Brise-lame a murs multiples
FR2436292A1 (fr) * 1978-09-18 1980-04-11 Kraftwerk Union Ag Dispositif de protection contre les ondes de pression des ouvrages soumis a un ecoulement d'eau
US4264233A (en) * 1979-09-06 1981-04-28 Mccambridge Joseph Fluid dynamic repeller for protecting coast from erosion

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1432607A (fr) * 1965-01-14 1966-03-25 Zodiac Anciens Etablissements Perfectionnements apportés aux défenses d'accostage élastiques
GB1198808A (en) * 1967-02-01 1970-07-15 Nat Res Dev Fender or Like Impact-Absorbing Device
FR2407295A1 (fr) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-25 Iida Kensetsu Co Ltd Brise-lame a murs multiples
FR2436292A1 (fr) * 1978-09-18 1980-04-11 Kraftwerk Union Ag Dispositif de protection contre les ondes de pression des ouvrages soumis a un ecoulement d'eau
US4264233A (en) * 1979-09-06 1981-04-28 Mccambridge Joseph Fluid dynamic repeller for protecting coast from erosion

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7735643B2 (en) 2005-01-29 2010-06-15 David Sanches Inflatable shipping device and method of forming and using same
CN101538840B (zh) * 2009-03-20 2011-02-09 四川大学 消力池内的挑流消能工
WO2011160820A1 (de) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Ekkehard Fehling Fluidbauwerk

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2524029A1 (fr) 1983-09-30
JPS58173209A (ja) 1983-10-12
FR2524029B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1984-04-27

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