EP0088173A1 - Dispositif pour l'exercice des muscles vaginaux - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'exercice des muscles vaginaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088173A1
EP0088173A1 EP82301130A EP82301130A EP0088173A1 EP 0088173 A1 EP0088173 A1 EP 0088173A1 EP 82301130 A EP82301130 A EP 82301130A EP 82301130 A EP82301130 A EP 82301130A EP 0088173 A1 EP0088173 A1 EP 0088173A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
cuff
vagina
end portion
passageway
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82301130A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0088173B1 (fr
Inventor
Seymour W. Shapiro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bivona Inc
Original Assignee
Bivona Inc
BIVONA SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bivona Inc, BIVONA SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS Inc filed Critical Bivona Inc
Priority to EP82301130A priority Critical patent/EP0088173B1/fr
Priority to DE8282301130T priority patent/DE3276851D1/de
Priority to AT82301130T priority patent/ATE28573T1/de
Publication of EP0088173A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088173A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0088173B1 publication Critical patent/EP0088173B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H19/00—Massage for the genitals; Devices for improving sexual intercourse
    • A61H19/40—Devices insertable in the genitals
    • A61H19/44—Having substantially cylindrical shape, e.g. dildos
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H19/00—Massage for the genitals; Devices for improving sexual intercourse
    • A61H19/40—Devices insertable in the genitals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H9/00—Pneumatic or hydraulic massage
    • A61H9/005—Pneumatic massage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B23/20—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for vaginal muscles or other sphincter-type muscles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/01—Constructive details
    • A61H2201/0103—Constructive details inflatable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/008—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/50—Force related parameters
    • A63B2220/56—Pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to devices for exercising the vaginal muscles.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to afford a novel device for use in exercising the vaginal muscles of a female.
  • Another object is to afford a novel device of the aforementioned type which may be readily inserted into the vagina of a female.
  • a further object is to afford a novel device of the aforementioned type, the parts of which are constituted and arranged in a novel and expeditious manner effective to protect the female against injury.during insertion thereof into the vagina and during use thereof in the exercising of the vaginal muscles.
  • Exercise is a well established means of obtaining and maintaining muscle fitness. Exercises may be classified into passive, active and resistive categories. Resistive exercises require the use of muscles against a force which, commonly, is relatively small at the beginning of an exercise program and gradually increases as the muscle tone and strength increases.
  • the pelvic floor muscles support the vaginal walls of a female. It is an important object of the present invention to afford a novel device for use in resistive exercising of these muscles.
  • Another object of the present invention is to afford a novel device of the aforementioned type wherein the resistive force thereof increases with increases in the tone and strength of the muscles.
  • Exercise devices for insertion into the vagina of a female have been heretofore known in the art, being shown, for example, in United States Letters Patent Nos. 2,507,858, issued to Arnold Kegal; 2,541,520, issued to Arnold Kegal; 3,598,106, issued to Eric Buning; 3,726,273, issued to Ned. S. Cole; 4,048,985, issued to Howard A. Sasse; 4,050,449, issued to Frank S. Castellana, et al.; 4,106,489, issued to Kenneth W. Martin; and 4,216,783, issued to Howard Kaiser.
  • Exercise devices of the aforementioned type which have been heretofore known in the art, have commonly had several inherent disadvantages, such as, for example, being difficult to insert into the vagina; being painful to insert into the vagina or being painful in use during exercising of the vaginal muscles; being so constituted and arranged as to create danger of injury to the vagina during insertion thereinto and/or during use therein; or creating a maximum initial pressure against the vaginal walls, which, in the use thereof, can be the cause of injury to damage to such walls, and the like and also because the compositions of such devices are latex or rubber, such materials are irritative to human tissues and difficult to clean and maintain for repetitive use. It is an important object of the present invention to overcome such disadvantages.
  • Another object of the present invention is to afford a novel exercise device of the aforementioned type, which, when inserted into position of use in a vagina, exerts a soft, yielding minimal pressure or force against the vaginal walls, which force increases as the vaginal muscles are exercised and contract.
  • a further object of the present invention is to afford a novel exercise device of the aforementioned type, wherein the parts thereof are so constituted and arranged that, in use, the female using the device is able to recognize the degree of muscle activity being exerted by her own sensations.
  • Another object of the present invention is to afford a novel device of the aforementioned type, which, if desired, may embody a measuring device for indicating the amount of muscle contraction taking place during exercise by measurement of the volume of displaced air from the device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to afford a novel exercise device of the aforementioned type which is practical and efficient in operation, and which may be readily and economically produced commercially.
  • the exercise device 1 embodies, in general, an elongate rod 2 having a distal end portion 3 and a proximal end portion 4, with a cuff portion 5 mounted on the distal end portion 3, FIGS. 1-4.
  • the rod 2 preferably, is semi-rigid and flexible- pliable in construction, and may be made of several suitable materials, such as, preferably medical grade silicone which does not react to human tissue.
  • the distal end portion 3 of the rod 2, with the cuff 5 attached thereto is inserted into the vagina of a female, the proximal end portion 4 of the device 1 affording a member by which the device 1 may be manually retained in such position in the vagina.
  • the free end 6 of the distal end portion 3 preferably is rounded, to facilitate such insertion of the device into the vagina, and as protection against injury to the female during such insertion into the vagina and during the time the device is retained therein.
  • the cuff portion 5 includes a substantially air impervious medical grade silicone cover 7 and a body portion 8 disposed within the cover 7. Both the cover 7 and the body portion 8 are disposed around the distal end portion 3 of the rod 2, preferably in spaced relation to the end 6 thereof.
  • the cover 7 is flexible and it is preferably made of medical grade silicone or the like. Preferably, it also is elastic for reasons which will hereinafter be discussed in greater detail. Preferably, the cover 7 is comprised of a suitable elastic material such as the aforementioned medical grade silicone.
  • the cover 7 is tubular in form, and the end portions 9 and 10 thereof are hermetically sealed to the outer surface of the rod 2 by suitable means, such as, for example, being vulcanized thereto or by a suitable medical grade cement such as silicone cement, or the like.
  • the body or sponge portion 8 affords a resilient mass which preferably completely fills the cover 7 between the end portions 9 and 10 thereof and, when the exercise device is disposed in normal inoperative position, outside the vagina, the sponge portion is preferably effective in yieldingly holding the cover 7 in fully expanded position, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the body or sponge portion 8 may be made of any suitable resilient material, but, preferably, is made of several grades or densities of a spongelike resilient material having a multitude of interstices spread therethrough, such as, for example, sponge-type silicone or a suitable resilient plastic material, such as, for example, foamed polyurethane, or the like, for a purpose which will be discussed in greater detail presently.
  • the cuff portion 5 is similar in construction to the cuffs embodied in the tracheal tubes disclosed in United States Letters Patent Nos. 3,640,282 and 3,799,173, issued to Jack M. Kamen.
  • An elongate passageway 11 extends longitudinally through the rod 2 from the free end 12 of the proximal end portion 4 thereof into the interior of the cuff 5, terminating at its inner end 13 in inwardly spaced relation to the free end 6 of the distal end portion 3.
  • Passageways 14 extend radially outwardly from the passageway 11, through the rod 2 and open outwardly into the interior of the cuff 5 for the purpose which will be discussed in greater detail presently.
  • An adapter 15, embodying an elongate tubular body member 16 is mounted in the proximal end portion 4 of the rod 2, with one end portion of the body member 16 disposed in the passageway 11, FIGS. 1-4.
  • the adapter 15 also includes a plug 17, attached to the body portion 16 by a flexible strap 18, the plug 17 being movable on the strap 18 between a position wherein it is disposed in the free end portion 19 of the body portion 16 of the adapter 15 to thereby close the passageway 11 and the body portion 16 to the atmosphere, as shown in FIG. 3, and a position wherein it is disposed out of the adapter 15, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4.
  • a partial vacuum may be applied to the free end 19 of the adapter 15 by any suitable means, such as, for example, a vacuum syringe P, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, to thereby cause the cuff portion 5 to move from its normal expanded position, shown in FIG. 1, to a collapsed position as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the passageway through the adapter 15 and the passageways 11 and 14, into the interior of the cuff 5, may be closed by any suitable means, such as, for example, by first pinching tubular member 16 to close the same, then withdrawing the syringe P from the adapter 15, and immediately closing the end portion 19 of the tubular member 16 by a finger, or the like.
  • any suitable means such as, for example, by first pinching tubular member 16 to close the same, then withdrawing the syringe P from the adapter 15, and immediately closing the end portion 19 of the tubular member 16 by a finger, or the like.
  • such closing of the end portion 19 is effected by inserting the plug 17 thereinto, as shown in FIG. 3. This, it will be seen, is effective to retain the partial vacuum in the cuff 5 and, therefore, retain it in the collapsed position shown in FIG. 2 and 3.
  • the distal end portion 3 and the cuff 5 may be inserted into a vagina, such as the vagina 20, FIG. 3, the collapsed position of the cuff 5 facilitating such insertion.
  • this insertion of the device 1 is such that the cuff 5 is disposed in position within the sphincter type muscles in the vaginal area.
  • the partial vacuum in the cuff 5 may be released to thereby permit the cover 7 to be pushed and expanded outwardly by the expansion of the resilient sponge body member 8.
  • the expansion of the cover 7 is from the collapsed position to a position wherein it is yieldingly positioned within the body portion 8 in engagement with the inner wall 21 of the vagina 20, FIG. 4.
  • Such movement and expansion is caused by the resiliency of the sponge body portion 8 and is a direct result of the volumetric expansion thereof.
  • the density of the sponge body portion 8 may be varied to provide different grades or amounts of yielding pressure gradients within each exercise device. This is to be distinguished from the expansion of the aforementioned cuffs on exercise devices heretofore known in the art, which cuffs are expanded by the application of a positive pressure, by the introduction of air of other working fluid thereinto under pressure. Such devices therefore start with the largest force upon initial contact with the vaginal muscles.
  • the cover 7 of the cuff 5 may be made of any suitable flexible material, but preferably is medical grade silicone.
  • the cover comprised of medical grate silicone is so constructed that the wrinkles that are formed therein when in the collapsed position, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, are soft and minimize abrasive tendencies with the vaginal muscles.
  • wrinkles could be formed when the cover 7 is disposed in a position wherein it was extended outwardly less than that which it occupies when in fully extended position.
  • the cover 7 it is not essential as to whether or not the cover 7 is wrinkled when the cuff 5 is in fully collapsed position, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and it is not essential nor an absolute requirement, when the cuff 5 is disposed in operative engagement with the walls of a vagina, such as is shown in FIG. 4, that the cover 7 be wrinkle free.
  • the cover 7 it is preferred that the cover 7 be structured and sized to substantially envelope the sponge portion 8, when the cuff 5 is in operative engagement with a vagina, as shown in FIG. 4.-Therefore, to ensure against such wrinkles, we prefer that the cover 7 be made of a suitable material such as medical grade silicone.
  • the female With device 1 thus disposed in operative position in the vagina of a female, the female may contract her pelvic floor muscles against the urging of the body portion 8 of the cuff 5.
  • This is a gentle, yielding urging, which, unlike the urging of the fluids used to inflate cuffs of exercise devices heretofore known in the art with a positive pressure, does not exert a positive pressure against the sidewalls of the vagina, which positive pressure is in danger of injuring delicate membranes such as the sidewalls of the vagina.
  • the present invention begins with a minimal resistive force which increases as contraction increases.
  • the use of the device 1, in pelvic floor muscle exercise provides not only a resistive exercise for such muscles, but also provides progressively increasing resistance as the body portion 8 of the cuff 5 continues to be compressed.
  • the device 1 is capable of exerting a small minimal resistive force at the beginning of an exercise program, when the muscular tone and strength is relatively weak, while affording a gradually increasing resistive force as the muscular tone and strength increases.
  • the female using the device is able to recognize this increasing resistance by her own sensations, and thus realize that the exercises are being effective in building up the tone and strength of her pelvic floor muscles.
  • the device 1 may be manually removed from the vagina.
  • a partial vacuum is again applied to the cuff 5 in the aforementioned manner, to thereby dispose the cuff 5 in partially or totally collapsed position, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, to facilitate removal of the device 1.
  • FIGS. 1-5 of the drawings as embodying the passageway 11 as an integral part thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is merely by way of illustration of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not by way of limitation, and that other passageways may be afforded without departing from the purview of the broader aspects of the present invention.
  • a solid semi-rigid but flexible rod 2a as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, may be used, and a separate tube, such as a tube 22 having a passageway lla therethrough may be substituted therefor.
  • a measuring device may be associated therewith for measuring the performance of the female in contracting her pelvic floor muscles, rather than the aforementioned reliance on her own sensations as to the increasing resistance of the body portion 8.
  • a volume displacement measuring device such as an air gauge means 23 may be secured to the end portion 19 of the tubular body portion 16 of the adapter 15 by a suitable conduit, such as a tube 24, the gauge 23 being capable of measuring the air flow from within the cuff 5, the passageway 11 and the adapter 12 caused by the contraction of the vaginal muscles of the female; greater contraction, of course, causing higher air flow.
  • the user of the device can even place a finger adjacent to the opening 19 and physically feel and sense the air flow upon contraction of the vaginal muscles.
  • the present invention affords a novel device for use in exercising the vaginal muscles of a female.
  • the present invention affords a novel device of the aforementioned type which is practical and efficient in operation, and which may be readily and economically produced commercially.
EP82301130A 1982-03-05 1982-03-05 Dispositif pour l'exercice des muscles vaginaux Expired EP0088173B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82301130A EP0088173B1 (fr) 1982-03-05 1982-03-05 Dispositif pour l'exercice des muscles vaginaux
DE8282301130T DE3276851D1 (en) 1982-03-05 1982-03-05 Device for exercising the vaginal muscles
AT82301130T ATE28573T1 (de) 1982-03-05 1982-03-05 Geraet zum trainieren der vaginamuskulatur.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82301130A EP0088173B1 (fr) 1982-03-05 1982-03-05 Dispositif pour l'exercice des muscles vaginaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088173A1 true EP0088173A1 (fr) 1983-09-14
EP0088173B1 EP0088173B1 (fr) 1987-07-29

Family

ID=8189592

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82301130A Expired EP0088173B1 (fr) 1982-03-05 1982-03-05 Dispositif pour l'exercice des muscles vaginaux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0088173B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE28573T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3276851D1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2604892A1 (fr) * 1986-09-25 1988-04-15 Terestri Pierre Appareil mobilisateur a transmission hydraulique utilise notamment dans le cas de constrictions mandibulaires
EP0392854A1 (fr) * 1989-04-14 1990-10-17 John Firth Dispositif d'exercice des muscles du plancher pelvien
US5213557A (en) * 1989-04-14 1993-05-25 John Firth Device for exercising pelvic floor muscles
US6068581A (en) * 1998-04-29 2000-05-30 Timm Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for testing and exercising pelvic muscles
US8509900B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2013-08-13 Femeda Limited Compressible device
US8805509B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2014-08-12 Femeda Limited Compressible electrodes
US9358383B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2016-06-07 Femeda Limited Self contained device with treatment cycle for electrostimulation
US10105531B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2018-10-23 Femeda Ltd. Device for electrostimulation
CN109260000A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-25 张璇 一种女性盆底修复棒头
CN111447976A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2020-07-24 沛尔维他美国股份有限公司 用于组织再生的设备、系统及方法
US11110269B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2021-09-07 Femeda Ltd. Electrostimulation related devices and methods

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013107532B3 (de) * 2013-07-16 2015-01-08 Thorsten Knapp Massagevorrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3598106A (en) * 1970-03-20 1971-08-10 Eric Buning Intravaginal therapeutic muscle exerciser and method of use
US3640282A (en) * 1970-08-06 1972-02-08 Jack M Kamen Tracheal tube with normally expanded balloon cuff
US3752150A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-08-14 J Harris Exercising apparatus
US3799173A (en) * 1972-03-24 1974-03-26 J Kamen Tracheal tubes
US4050449A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-09-27 Medical Products Development Corporation Apparatus for exercising muscles of a female patient's pelvic diaphragm
GB2076293A (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-12-02 Craig Med Prod Ltd A device for developing control of sphincter-type muscles

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3598106A (en) * 1970-03-20 1971-08-10 Eric Buning Intravaginal therapeutic muscle exerciser and method of use
US3640282A (en) * 1970-08-06 1972-02-08 Jack M Kamen Tracheal tube with normally expanded balloon cuff
US3752150A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-08-14 J Harris Exercising apparatus
US3799173A (en) * 1972-03-24 1974-03-26 J Kamen Tracheal tubes
US4050449A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-09-27 Medical Products Development Corporation Apparatus for exercising muscles of a female patient's pelvic diaphragm
GB2076293A (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-12-02 Craig Med Prod Ltd A device for developing control of sphincter-type muscles

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2604892A1 (fr) * 1986-09-25 1988-04-15 Terestri Pierre Appareil mobilisateur a transmission hydraulique utilise notamment dans le cas de constrictions mandibulaires
EP0392854A1 (fr) * 1989-04-14 1990-10-17 John Firth Dispositif d'exercice des muscles du plancher pelvien
US5213557A (en) * 1989-04-14 1993-05-25 John Firth Device for exercising pelvic floor muscles
US6068581A (en) * 1998-04-29 2000-05-30 Timm Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for testing and exercising pelvic muscles
US9042987B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2015-05-26 Femeda Limited Compressible device
US8805509B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2014-08-12 Femeda Limited Compressible electrodes
US8509900B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2013-08-13 Femeda Limited Compressible device
US9358383B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2016-06-07 Femeda Limited Self contained device with treatment cycle for electrostimulation
US9381345B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2016-07-05 Femeda Limited Compressible electrodes
US9526903B2 (en) 2005-11-24 2016-12-27 Femeda Limited Compressible device
US11110269B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2021-09-07 Femeda Ltd. Electrostimulation related devices and methods
US10105531B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2018-10-23 Femeda Ltd. Device for electrostimulation
CN111447976A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2020-07-24 沛尔维他美国股份有限公司 用于组织再生的设备、系统及方法
CN111447976B (zh) * 2017-12-13 2023-03-31 沛尔维他美国股份有限公司 用于组织再生的设备、系统及方法
CN109260000A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-25 张璇 一种女性盆底修复棒头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE28573T1 (de) 1987-08-15
EP0088173B1 (fr) 1987-07-29
DE3276851D1 (en) 1987-09-03

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