EP0088005B1 - Method of fixing a sheet of wood in the interior of a champlevé formed in a rigid support - Google Patents
Method of fixing a sheet of wood in the interior of a champlevé formed in a rigid support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0088005B1 EP0088005B1 EP83400336A EP83400336A EP0088005B1 EP 0088005 B1 EP0088005 B1 EP 0088005B1 EP 83400336 A EP83400336 A EP 83400336A EP 83400336 A EP83400336 A EP 83400336A EP 0088005 B1 EP0088005 B1 EP 0088005B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- sheet
- champlevé
- edges
- impregnation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/26—Inlaying with ornamental structures, e.g. niello work, tarsia work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of fixing a sheet of wood on a rigid object and, more precisely, inside a champlevé formed on a metal object.
- glues with high elongation coefficients are generally used for gluing wood sheets such as, for example, glues of the neoprene type.
- the sheet of wood is arranged inside a champlevé, that is to say in a recess formed on the surface of the support (for example FR-A Nos 251620 and 614319).
- a champlevé that is to say in a recess formed on the surface of the support (for example FR-A Nos 251620 and 614319).
- the surface of the same also tends to increase and, being prevented by the edges of said champlevé, it will then bulge or warp.
- this type of deformation generally results in partial peeling of the sheet.
- So-called bakelized wood was thus prepared, by impregnating the interior of the fibers, as well as the interfiber spaces, with a phenol / formaldehyde resin in alcoholic solution.
- the wood thus treated has a great insensitivity to hygroscopic variations, as well as improved mechanical characteristics.
- the present invention aims to remedy these various drawbacks.
- a method of fixing a sheet of wood inside a champlevé formed in a rigid support this method being characterized in that it comprises at least the following successive phases: a partial impregnation of the wood sheet, from one of its faces, with a hardenable resin; a bonding operation of said sheet by its face previously impregnated with resin inside the champlevé, and a surfacing treatment intended to make the edges of the champlevé and the surface of the wood flush, by thinning the wood sheet and simultaneous machining edges of the champlevé.
- This process thus makes it possible, while stabilizing by impregnation, in a known manner, the sheet of wood with respect to humidity variations, to preserve on its surface its appearance of natural wood. Indeed, during the surfacing treatment which follows the bonding phase and which affects only a small thickness of the wood sheet, the natural wood remains apparent, if care is taken during this operation to not not reach the resin impregnated part from the other side.
- the present method makes it possible to avoid the delicate adjustment operation necessary for flushing the surface of the wood with the edge of the champlevé since, during the surfacing operation, wood and edges of the champlevé are machined simultaneously. .
- the licensee implemented this process to apply, as a decorative element, a sheet of wood on a lighter.
- each of the faces of the lighter intended to receive a sheet of wood has been hollowed out with a champlevé to a depth of 0.5 mm.
- the wood sheets in this case consisting of elm burl, were then partially impregnated by coating with a 50% solution of epoxy resin in methyl ethyl ketone. They were then dried for 15 min in an oven, at a temperature of 90 ° C. The dried sheets, with a thickness of 1 mm, were then cut by different shape tools, that is to say tools having the exact shape and lateral dimensions of each of the edges of the champlevé.
- the controlled impregnation of the wood sheets with a hardenable material prior to their cutting makes it possible to prevent them, during this operation, from splitting or tearing.
- the sheets thus cut because of their insensitivity to variations in humidity, can be stored easily, pending their bonding.
- resins capable of impregnating the wood sheet and, optionally, of sticking it to the champlevé it is also possible to use, inter alia, a polyurethane resin, diluted for example in toluene, at the rate of two parts by weight of polyurethane for a part of toluene, or also a polyester resin, diluted for example in monomeric styrene, at a rate of three parts of polyester for a part of styrene.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Buffer Packaging (AREA)
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fixation d'une feuille de bois sur un objet rigide et, plus précisément, à l'intérieur d'un champlevé ménagé sur un objet métallique.The present invention relates to a method of fixing a sheet of wood on a rigid object and, more precisely, inside a champlevé formed on a metal object.
L'une des principales difficultés rencontrées lorsque l'on désire coller une feuille de bois sur un support tient aux propriétés hygroscopiques du bois, qui lui imposent des variations dimensionnelles plus ou moins importantes suivant le degré hygrométrique de l'atmosphère ambiante, variations qui peuvent même entraîner la rupture du film de colle assurant l'adhérence de la feuille de bois sur son support.One of the main difficulties encountered when you want to glue a sheet of wood on a support is the hygroscopic properties of wood, which impose more or less significant dimensional variations depending on the humidity of the ambient atmosphere, variations which can even cause the adhesive film to rupture, ensuring that the wood sheet adheres to its support.
Pour éviter ce grave inconvénient, on utilise généralement, pour le collage des feuilles de bois, des colles à hauts coefficients d'allongement telles que, par exemple, les colles du type Néoprène.To avoid this serious drawback, glues with high elongation coefficients are generally used for gluing wood sheets such as, for example, glues of the neoprene type.
Les constituants de telles colles ont cependant tendance à migrer de façon différente dans les pores du bois et il en résulte une décomposition partielle de la colle, de la même manière que si on l'analysait par chromatographie.The constituents of such glues, however, tend to migrate differently in the pores of the wood and this results in a partial decomposition of the glue, in the same way as if it were analyzed by chromatography.
En outre, il est des cas où, pour des raisons de solidité ou d'ordre purement esthétique, la feuille de bois est disposée à l'intérieur d'un champlevé, c'est-à-dire dans un évidement ménagé à la surface du support (par exemple FR-A Nos 251620 et 614319). Dans ces conditions, lorsque, après son ajustement dans le champlevé, le degré hygrométrique auquel est soumise la feuille augmente, la surface de cellé-ci tend également à s'accroître et, en étant empêchée par les bords dudit champlevé, elle va alors se bomber ou se gauchir. Outre son effet inesthétique, ce type de déformations entraîne généralement un décollage partiel de la feuille.In addition, there are cases where, for reasons of solidity or purely aesthetic order, the sheet of wood is arranged inside a champlevé, that is to say in a recess formed on the surface of the support (for example FR-A Nos 251620 and 614319). Under these conditions, when, after its adjustment in the champlevé, the hygrometric degree to which the sheet is subjected increases, the surface of the same also tends to increase and, being prevented by the edges of said champlevé, it will then bulge or warp. In addition to its unsightly effect, this type of deformation generally results in partial peeling of the sheet.
De plus, on sait qu'il est extrêmement difficile d'obtenir une feuille de bois, même de petites dimensions, dont l'épaisseur soit régulière et contrôlable. Il en résulte que, pour faire affleurer rigoureusement la surface du bois aux bords du champlevé, il faut ajuster la profondeur de ce dernier à l'épaisseur de la feuille. Il est naturellement possible d'amincir la feuille de bois après sa mise en place dans le champlevé, mais cette opération est encore plus délicate que la précédente. Ces méthodes se prêtent donc à une mise en oeuvre artisanale, mais sont difficilement envisageables en série sur le plan industriel.In addition, it is known that it is extremely difficult to obtain a sheet of wood, even of small dimensions, the thickness of which is regular and controllable. As a result, to rigorously flush the surface of the wood at the edges of the champlevé, it is necessary to adjust the depth of the latter to the thickness of the sheet. It is naturally possible to thin the sheet of wood after it has been placed in the champlevé, but this operation is even more delicate than the previous one. These methods therefore lend themselves to an artisanal implementation, but are difficult to envisage in series on the industrial level.
On connaît, bien entendu, depuis longtemps des moyens permettant d'empêcher les modifications dimensionnelles du bois que provoquent les variations de degré hygrométrique. Ces méthodes consistent, pour la plupart, à remplacer l'eau présente dans les fibres du bois par une matière non susceptible de s'évaporer dans l'air ambiant.Of course, means have long been known for preventing dimensional changes in wood caused by variations in humidity. Most of these methods involve replacing the water present in the wood fibers with a material that is not likely to evaporate into the ambient air.
On a ainsi préparé du bois dit bakélisé, en imprégnant l'intérieur des fibres, ainsi que les espaces interfibres, d'une résine phénol/formol en solution alcoolique. Le bois ainsi traité présente une grande insensibilité aux variations hygroscopiques, ainsi que des caractéristiques mécaniques améliorées.So-called bakelized wood was thus prepared, by impregnating the interior of the fibers, as well as the interfiber spaces, with a phenol / formaldehyde resin in alcoholic solution. The wood thus treated has a great insensitivity to hygroscopic variations, as well as improved mechanical characteristics.
Dans le même but, on a proposé, plus récemment, d'enrober le bois de résines synthétiques, de préférence durcissables, car plus faciles à mettre en ceuvre.For the same purpose, more recently, it has been proposed to coat the wood with synthetic resins, preferably hardenable, since they are easier to implement.
Tous ces procédés d'imprégnation, s'ils améliorent sans conteste la stabilité dimensionnelle du bois par rapport aux variations hygroscopiques, ont l'inconvénient de priver celui-ci de son aspect naturel, pour lui conférer une apparence de bois synthétique.All these impregnation processes, if they undoubtedly improve the dimensional stability of wood compared to hygroscopic variations, have the disadvantage of depriving it of its natural appearance, to give it an appearance of synthetic wood.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces différents inconvénients.The present invention aims to remedy these various drawbacks.
A cet effet, elle a pour objet un procédé de fixation d'une feuille de bois à l'intérieur d'un champlevé ménagé dans un support rigide, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins les phases successives suivantes: une imprégnation partielle de la feuille de bois, à partir de l'une de ses faces, par une résine durcissable; une opération de collage de ladite feuille par sa face précédemment imprégnée de résine à l'intérieur du champlevé, et un traitement de surfaçage destiné à faire affleurer les bords du champlevé et la surface du bois, par amincissement de la feuille de bois et usinage simultané des bords du champlevé.To this end, it relates to a method of fixing a sheet of wood inside a champlevé formed in a rigid support, this method being characterized in that it comprises at least the following successive phases: a partial impregnation of the wood sheet, from one of its faces, with a hardenable resin; a bonding operation of said sheet by its face previously impregnated with resin inside the champlevé, and a surfacing treatment intended to make the edges of the champlevé and the surface of the wood flush, by thinning the wood sheet and simultaneous machining edges of the champlevé.
Ce procédé permet ainsi, tout en stabilisant par imprégnation, de façon connue, la feuille de bois vis-à-vis des variations hygrométriques, de conserver à sa surface son aspect de bois naturel. En effet, au cours du traitement de surfaçage qui suit la phase de collage et qui n'affecte qu'une faible épaisseur de la feuille de bois, le bois naturel demeure apparent, si l'on prend soin, pendant cette opération, de ne pas atteindre la partie imprégnée de résine à partir de l'autre face.This process thus makes it possible, while stabilizing by impregnation, in a known manner, the sheet of wood with respect to humidity variations, to preserve on its surface its appearance of natural wood. Indeed, during the surfacing treatment which follows the bonding phase and which affects only a small thickness of the wood sheet, the natural wood remains apparent, if care is taken during this operation to not not reach the resin impregnated part from the other side.
De plus, le présent procédé permet d'éviter la délicate opération d'ajustement nécessaire à l'affleurement de la surface du bois avec le bord du champlevé puisque, au cours de l'opération de surfaçage, bois et bords du champlevé sont usinés simultanément.In addition, the present method makes it possible to avoid the delicate adjustment operation necessary for flushing the surface of the wood with the edge of the champlevé since, during the surfacing operation, wood and edges of the champlevé are machined simultaneously. .
Par ailleurs, le collage du bois étant effectué après qu'il a été imprégné de résine durcissable et par la face par laquelle a été pratiquée cette imprégnation, les pores du bois sont obturés par ladite résine et les constituants de la colle ne peuvent pas migrer différentiellement dans ces pores en modifiant ainsi la composition de cette colle.Furthermore, the bonding of the wood being carried out after it has been impregnated with curable resin and by the face by which this impregnation has been practiced, the pores of the wood are closed by said resin and the constituents of the adhesive cannot migrate differentially in these pores, thus modifying the composition of this adhesive.
Enfin, le découpage préalable de la feuille de bois à la forme et aux dimensions du champlevé, lesquelles peuvent être relativement faibles, est facilité par l'imprégnation de résine durcissable, qui évite le fendillement du bois aussi bien au cours des opérations de découpe que pendant le stockage du bois prédécoupé ou durant les opérations ultérieures du procédé.Finally, the prior cutting of the sheet of wood to the shape and dimensions of the champlevé, which can be relatively small, is facilitated by the impregnation of curable resin, which prevents splitting of the wood both during cutting operations and during the storage of the precut wood or during the subsequent operations of the process.
Cela facilite une mise en oeuvre en continu du procédé, en permettant le stockage de feuilles de bois préalablement découpées aux dimensions voulues, avec une réduction appréciable des chutes de bois.This facilitates a continuous implementation of the process, by allowing the storage of sheets of wood previously cut to the desired dimensions, with an appreciable reduction in scrap wood.
La titulaire a mis en oeuvre le présent procédé pour appliquer, à titre d'élément décoratif, une feuille de bois sur un briquet.The licensee implemented this process to apply, as a decorative element, a sheet of wood on a lighter.
Dans ce but, chacune des faces du briquet destinée à recevoir une feuille de bois a été creusée d'un champlevé sur une profondeur de 0,5 mm. Les feuilles de bois, constituées en l'occurrence de loupe d'orme, ontensuite été imprégnées partiellement par enduction avec une solution à 50% de résine époxyde dans de la méthyléthylcétone. Elles ont été ensuite séchées pendant 15 min dans une étuve, à une température de 90° C. Les feuilles séchées, d'une épaisseur de 1 mm, ont alors été découpées par différents outils de forme, c'est-à-dire des outils ayant la forme et les dimensions latérales exactes de chacun des bords du champlevé.For this purpose, each of the faces of the lighter intended to receive a sheet of wood has been hollowed out with a champlevé to a depth of 0.5 mm. The wood sheets, in this case consisting of elm burl, were then partially impregnated by coating with a 50% solution of epoxy resin in methyl ethyl ketone. They were then dried for 15 min in an oven, at a temperature of 90 ° C. The dried sheets, with a thickness of 1 mm, were then cut by different shape tools, that is to say tools having the exact shape and lateral dimensions of each of the edges of the champlevé.
L'imprégnation contrôlée des feuilles de bois avec une matière durcissable préalablement à leur découpage permet d'éviter que, au cours de cette opération, elles ne se fendent ou ne se déchirent.The controlled impregnation of the wood sheets with a hardenable material prior to their cutting makes it possible to prevent them, during this operation, from splitting or tearing.
De plus, les feuilles ainsi découpées, du fait de leur insensibilité aux variations de degré hygrométrique, peuvent être stockées aisément, en attendant leur collage.In addition, the sheets thus cut, because of their insensitivity to variations in humidity, can be stored easily, pending their bonding.
Les feuilles ont ensuite été collées, par leur face précédemment imprégnée de résine, dans les champlevés prévus à cet effet. La titulaire a constaté que l'adhérence entre la colle et le bois imprégné était nettement améliorée par l'utilisation, en tant que colle, de la résine ayant servi à l'imprégnation. Cependant, pour obtenir un collage correct, ce produit doit bien entendu posséder également une bonne adhérence vis-à-vis du support. A cet effet, le produit d'imprégnation doit aussi être choisi pour ses qualités d'adhérence avec celui-ci. C'est pourquoi, dans cette forme de mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention, le support étant fait de laiton, la titulaire a choisi une résine époxyde connue pour ses bonnes qualités d'adhérence avec ce métal, pour assurer à la fois l'imprégnation partielle du bois et son collage.The sheets were then glued, by their face previously impregnated with resin, in the champleves intended for this purpose. The licensee noted that the adhesion between the glue and the impregnated wood was significantly improved by the use, as glue, of the resin used for the impregnation. However, to obtain a correct bonding, this product must of course also have good adhesion with respect to the support. To this end, the impregnation product must also be chosen for its qualities of adhesion with it. This is why, in this form of implementation of the method according to the invention, the support being made of brass, the holder has chosen an epoxy resin known for its good qualities of adhesion with this metal, to ensure the both the partial impregnation of the wood and its bonding.
Comme résines aptes à imprégner la feuille de bois et, éventuellement, à la coller dans le champlevé, on peut aussi utiliser, entre autres, une résine de polyuréthanne, diluée par exemple dans du toluène, à raison de deux parties en poids de polyuréthanne pour une partie de toluène, ou encore une résine polyester, diluée par exemple dans du styrène monomère, à raison de trois parties de polyester pour une partie de styrène.As resins capable of impregnating the wood sheet and, optionally, of sticking it to the champlevé, it is also possible to use, inter alia, a polyurethane resin, diluted for example in toluene, at the rate of two parts by weight of polyurethane for a part of toluene, or also a polyester resin, diluted for example in monomeric styrene, at a rate of three parts of polyester for a part of styrene.
Ces exemples de résines utilisables dans la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention n'ont naturellement aucun caractère limitatif.These examples of resins which can be used in the implementation of the process according to the invention have naturally no limiting character.
Chacune des faces du briquet recouvertes de bois a ensuite été usinée sur une meule émeri jusqu'à ce que les bords du champlevé et les faces de bois, usinées simultanément, se trouvent rigoureusement dans un même plan.Each of the sides of the lighter covered with wood was then machined on an emery wheel until the edges of the champlevé and the wooden faces, machined simultaneously, are strictly in the same plane.
Les bords du champlevé, ainsi que les autres parties métalliques du briquet, ont enfin été dorés, de façon connue, par immersion dans un bain de galvanoplastie.The edges of the champlevé, as well as the other metal parts of the lighter, were finally gilded, in a known manner, by immersion in an electroplating bath.
On notera qu'un tel type de dorure n'a été rendu possible que grâce au traitement d'imprégnation partielle auquel le bois a été soumis, puisque celui-ci limite le contact des bains d'électrolyse à la partie externe des fibres de bois brut, c'est-à-dire la partie dont ledit bain peut être facilement éliminé par lavage.It should be noted that such a type of gilding was only made possible thanks to the partial impregnation treatment to which the wood was subjected, since this limits the contact of the electrolysis baths to the external part of the wood fibers. raw, that is to say the part from which said bath can be easily removed by washing.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83400336T ATE12611T1 (en) | 1982-03-02 | 1983-02-17 | METHOD OF FIXING A WOOD FILM INSIDE A RECESS MADE IN A RIGID SUPPORT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8203431 | 1982-03-02 | ||
| FR828203431A FR2522744B1 (en) | 1982-03-02 | 1982-03-02 | METHOD OF ATTACHING A SHEET OF WOOD INSIDE A HOUSEHOLD LIFT IN A RIGID SUPPORT |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0088005A1 EP0088005A1 (en) | 1983-09-07 |
| EP0088005B1 true EP0088005B1 (en) | 1985-04-10 |
Family
ID=9271498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83400336A Expired EP0088005B1 (en) | 1982-03-02 | 1983-02-17 | Method of fixing a sheet of wood in the interior of a champlevé formed in a rigid support |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0088005B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS58166112A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE12611T1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE896045A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE88005T1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES520200A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2522744B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1163124B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2573357B1 (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1987-06-12 | Germond Michel | VENEER REPAIR PROCESS |
| FR2649935A1 (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-25 | Dauvillier Francoise | Inlaying of a photograph on wood |
| LT5677B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-08-25 | Zigmantas Gedmundas Dubinskas | Method for coating the surface of a three - dimensional article with a natural wood layer |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR451620A (en) * | 1912-12-09 | 1913-04-23 | Jacob Kaufmann | Manufacturing process for inlaid panels |
| US1580773A (en) * | 1925-08-24 | 1926-04-13 | Method of decorating metal flates | |
| DE807090C (en) * | 1949-09-03 | 1951-06-25 | Alfred Theis | Wood wallpaper |
| DE1291464B (en) * | 1964-12-11 | 1969-03-27 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Microwood foil and process for its manufacture |
| JPS4920691U (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1974-02-21 | ||
| JPS50103374A (en) * | 1974-01-12 | 1975-08-15 | ||
| JPS5423103A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1979-02-21 | Kazuhiko Tanizaki | Production of reinforced wood |
-
1982
- 1982-03-02 FR FR828203431A patent/FR2522744B1/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-02-17 AT AT83400336T patent/ATE12611T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-17 EP EP83400336A patent/EP0088005B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-17 DE DE198383400336T patent/DE88005T1/en active Pending
- 1983-02-17 DE DE8383400336T patent/DE3360100D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-28 BE BE0/210226A patent/BE896045A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-03-01 IT IT19850/83A patent/IT1163124B/en active
- 1983-03-01 ES ES520200A patent/ES520200A0/en active Granted
- 1983-03-02 JP JP58034309A patent/JPS58166112A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8404737A1 (en) | 1984-05-01 |
| JPH0158762B2 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| ATE12611T1 (en) | 1985-04-15 |
| IT1163124B (en) | 1987-04-08 |
| JPS58166112A (en) | 1983-10-01 |
| IT8319850A0 (en) | 1983-03-01 |
| IT8319850A1 (en) | 1984-09-01 |
| EP0088005A1 (en) | 1983-09-07 |
| ES520200A0 (en) | 1984-05-01 |
| DE3360100D1 (en) | 1985-05-15 |
| FR2522744A1 (en) | 1983-09-09 |
| DE88005T1 (en) | 1984-02-16 |
| BE896045A (en) | 1983-08-29 |
| FR2522744B1 (en) | 1985-07-26 |
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