EP0086730B1 - Chaudière à micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud à usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procédé mis en oeuvre par cette chaudière - Google Patents

Chaudière à micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud à usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procédé mis en oeuvre par cette chaudière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086730B1
EP0086730B1 EP83440012A EP83440012A EP0086730B1 EP 0086730 B1 EP0086730 B1 EP 0086730B1 EP 83440012 A EP83440012 A EP 83440012A EP 83440012 A EP83440012 A EP 83440012A EP 0086730 B1 EP0086730 B1 EP 0086730B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
boiler
microwave
chamber
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83440012A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0086730A1 (fr
Inventor
Michel Munoz
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83440012T priority Critical patent/ATE27525T1/de
Publication of EP0086730A1 publication Critical patent/EP0086730A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0086730B1 publication Critical patent/EP0086730B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H05B6/802—Apparatus for specific applications for heating fluids
    • H05B6/804—Water heaters, water boilers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of heating fluids for domestic, industrial or space heating use, and relates to a microwave boiler intended for this purpose.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • Boilers of this type are known from US-A-4,165,455, US-A-4,029,927, US-A-4,114,011, as well as from GB-A-2,048,629.
  • US-A-4 165 455 describes a steam or hot water generator which comprises a resonant cavity of small volume and a vapor collector, the resonant cavity being in the form of a grid arranged horizontally in order to favor the correct operation of the steam generating device.
  • the production of steam is carried out by an air-water interface and by a regulation of the water level by means of a sensor and a valve, the resonant cavity ensuring the transfer of heat at the level of the water surface. to produce steam, so that the effective heating of the water, by application of microwave energy, occurs only inside said resonant cavity.
  • the resonant cavity is necessary to heat or vaporize the water by applying microwave energy, and this cavity must be electrically isolated and have very small dimensions, namely of the order of the wavelength of the microwaves produced by the magnetron, so that large volumes cannot be processed.
  • products other than water or steam cannot be treated because the shape and dimensions of the waveguide and the diffuser are immutable. Adjustment of the tuning of the resonant cavity is not possible, so that optimal efficiency of the radiation of energy cannot be obtained.
  • US-A-4 029 927 discloses a microwave water heater having a balloon in which is provided a water distribution device comprising a flat separating element provided with openings.
  • the microwave source is only adjustable in two positions, namely all or nothing, and there is no application device allowing agreement with the fluid to be heated.
  • US-A-4114 011 describes a device for heating water indirectly, in which an absorption chamber is traversed by a pipe with a specific configuration; in which the fluid or water to be heated flows, and which promotes the absorption of microwaves.
  • the device according to US-A-4 114 011 does not however allow direct heating of any fluid and has the same drawbacks as the devices according to US-A-4 165 455 and US-A-4 029 927.
  • GB-A-2 048 629 Also known from GB-A-2 048 629 is a microwave water heating process in a central heating installation. This method uses a boiler provided with a fluid inlet to be heated and a hot fluid outlet as well as a microwave energy source. The method described in GB-A-2 048 629 does not, however, allow the heating of any fluid with optimal efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is a boiler as defined in the preamble of claim 1, which, thanks to the characteristics mentioned in the characterizing part of said claim 1, allows optimum efficiency.
  • the microwave boiler producing a hot fluid for domestic, industrial or space heating use comprising an enclosure 7 containing the fluid to be heated 6, a source of energy in microwave 2, of the klystron or magnetron type, a device 3 of the waveguide type, coaxial cable, or the like, transmitting said energy from the source 2 to the enclosure 7, is remarkable in that between said device 3 of the waveguide type and said enclosure 7 is interposed an applicator device 4 making it possible to apply said microwave energy to the fluid 6 at a frequency corresponding to the relaxation frequency of the fluid considered at a given temperature, said applicator device 4 being closed by a diffuser 5 fluid-tight and permeable to waves, said applicator device 4 radiating said microwave energy towards the fluid 6 to be heated and cooperating with the enclosure 7.
  • the enclosure 7 is a conductive and / or absorbent metallic enclosure of cylindrical shape which delimits the heat treatment zones of the fluid.
  • the enclosure 7 can also have a parallelepiped, spherical or other shape.
  • the applicator 4 can advantageously be completed by at least one radiating antenna 8, the elements of which have an effective electrical length equal to a whole number representing a quarter of the wavelength of the frequency of the radiated energy.
  • This applicator 4 and / or the antenna 8 radiate the microwave energy in the enclosure 7 of the fluid to be heated 6 in such a way that optimum efficiency of said energy is obtained.
  • the types of applicators can be any, so that any volume of fluid can be treated. Likewise, the dimensions of the enclosure are provided so as to correspond to the frequency used.
  • the microwave boiler according to the invention is provided with a conductive and / or absorbent enclosure 7 provided with a protective envelope 12, with thermal insulation 7 ′, and at least one inspection hatch 9 provided a closure device 10 made of a conductive and / or absorbent material allowing the stopping of microwaves and having a sealing device 11 for the fluid and allowing stopping of microwave radiation.
  • the boiler is further provided with openings 13 to 16 allowing the circulation of the fluid 6 towards the pipes of the energy distribution network and of the radiators as well as the filling or emptying of the enclosure by means of pipes 17 and 18, these openings 13 to 16 each accommodating a device for stopping microwaves 19 to 22 allowing the reflection and / or absorption of said microwaves and thus preventing them from leaking through said pipes and the various auxiliaries 23 to 25 connected to the boiler.
  • the shape of the stop devices 19 to 22 depends on the diameter of the openings 13 to 16 and the wavelength of the microwaves used, and these devices are each provided with one or more openings allowing the flow of the fluid 6 while preventing the passage of microwaves.
  • the boiler is, moreover, provided with at least one safety device against overheating of the enclosure 7, not shown, in the form of a lack of fluid detector, of a device for measuring micro energy. -wave, or the like, of at least one thermocouple 26, of a control and operating table 27 of the boiler having control and signaling members 28, of a pressure gauge 29, of a control device 30 and regulating the device 1 for applying microwave energy cooperating with one or more thermal controllers 31.
  • the walls of the enclosure 7 are advantageously made of all conductive materials allowing the stopping of electromagnetic radiation and / or the absorption of this radiation, for example by black body effect, these materials possibly being metals and light alloys such as aluminum alloys, or stainless steel.
  • the boiler according to the invention can be used for direct direct heating of a fluid by microwaves, this fluid circulating in a thermal energy distribution network.
  • a thermal energy distribution network consists of the boiler described above and designated by the reference 32, by inlet 33 and outlet 34 pipes of the treated fluid, connected to a use circuit comprising radiating elements 35 such as radiators , and by members 36 for controlling the circulation of the fluid.
  • the device 30 for controlling and regulating the device 1 for applying microwave energy acts directly on the emission of electromagnetic radiation, to which the fluid 6 is subjected inside the enclosure 7, thus allowing the said fluid to be brought to the desired temperature, and which is constituted by an electrical receiver 37 connected to the hyper-frequency energy source 2 by means of a static converter 38, or similar device, acting on the supply circuit 39 of the source 2, and by a microprocessor processing unit 40, or other electronic device, ensuring the regulation and operational safety of the entire boiler as well as the auxiliaries 23 to 25, and to which the thermal controller 31, the thermostat 26, the temperature sensors 41 and the operating safety devices 42-43 are connected, the device 30 being further provided with a cooling circuit 2 ′ of the micro source -waves 2, of so that calories can be recovered to improve the efficiency of the boiler.
  • the fluids or mixtures used in the enclosure have, for the most part, loss factors large enough to allow their heating by high HF currents.
  • this loss factor the slower the heating.
  • this processing unit controls the treatment of the fluid which heats up by dielectric losses and / or by relaxation losses.
  • the active power consumed in the boiler, inside enclosure 7 is, in all approximation, equal to the real value of the complex power:
  • e is the absolute value of the permittivity of the dielectric. Knowing that the permittivity of a material is a complex value, it can be put in the form: highlighting the phase shift between the field E and the induction D, linked to braking of the orientation of the dipoles under the action of the field.
  • e 'and e as a function of the frequency characterize a material and its behavior as a function of the frequency. If the dipole relaxation is of the DEBEYE type, e" takes a maximum value at a frequency f D called the DEBEYE frequency ; this frequency corresponds to the maximum heat dissipation in the dielectric. This frequency F D is a characteristic of the material. Also the method used in the microwave boiler according to the invention allows to implement this physical principle shown in Figure 4 for the case of water. FIG. 4 represents, by way of example, the variation of the dielectric constant of water with the frequency at the temperature of 25 ° C. The values of e 'and e "change as a function of temperature, the same is true of the DEBEYE frequency.
  • Figure 5 shows the optimal power dissipated in water as a function of frequency and volume for a microwave boiler with 1200 W of nominal power installed.
  • the efficiency obtained at the DEBEYE frequency is very important since it indicates that to heat a volume of 1 liter of water to 60 ° C, the heating time will be much lower than that of the frequency of 2450 GHz.
  • the microwave boiler which uses the optimal wave performance electromagnetic and physical absorption properties of the fluids to be heated, allows to see its implementation in applications as diverse as heating premises of all kinds in the residential, tertiary, industrial and other sectors, because the temperature level of the fluid to be heated (air or water from 50 ° to 70 ° C) is close to the best coefficients of performance of this heating principle at the appropriate frequencies.
  • the invention consists in the use of thermal agitation generated by the excitation states of the molecules to be heated of said fluid contained in a conductive and / or absorbent enclosure.
  • the method according to the invention uses one of the fundamental mechanisms of interaction of microwaves with a fluid, at the molecular level, which is the rotation of the polar molecules induced in the field. Placed in an electric field, molecules like water are subjected to a torque which tends to align them with the field, so as to reduce the potential energy of the dipoles as much as possible. When the polarity or the direction of the field changes, the cyclic reorientation of the dipoles depends on the viscous energy dissipation to which the molecule is subjected.
  • a polar molecule therefore has a critical absorption frequency, called the relaxation frequency, which is a function of the characteristics of the molecule, of the viscosity of the fluid and of the temperature.
  • the relaxation frequency is a function of the characteristics of the molecule, of the viscosity of the fluid and of the temperature.
  • the field transmits the maximum energy to the molecule and the energy of rotation is transformed into thermal energy.
  • This mode of interaction explains the behavior of permittivity as a function of frequency.
  • the microwave spectral segment (10 MHz to 300 GHz)
  • several modes of molecular movement occur.
  • the water which can constitute the heating element has a relaxation frequency, the absorption peak of which is in the frequencies 2 to 80 GHz.
  • the interactions between radiation and molecules are integrated into the electrical permittivity of the material, and the energy absorbed by said fluid becomes calculable by the equations of energy conservation and the equations of waves called Maxwell's equations.
  • FIGS 6 to 18 give, by way of non-limiting examples, various possible applications of the microwave boiler according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 represents an alternative embodiment of the device of the microwave boiler according to the invention, in which a device for applying microwave energy 1 is placed in a radiator element 44 and constitutes a heating system by Autonomous convection with simple and closed circuit of small size.
  • this device 1 into an accumulation circuit 45 (FIG. 7), or into an air heater 46 (FIG. 8), in any form and at any location.
  • FIG. 9 represents another example of application of the invention, in which the microwave energy application device 1 is mounted on a conductive pipe 47 of a geothermal energy distribution network 48, in which circulates or parks a fluid, devices 49 for stopping the microwave radiation being provided inside the network 48, on either side of the source 2, and of the possible antenna 8.
  • a mixed microwave boiler 50 can be provided simultaneously for space heating and the production of domestic hot water, the microwave energy necessary for heating the two enclosures 51 and 52 can be supplied by a single source or by several sources.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 represent two other possible applications of the microwave boiler, on the one hand, by adaptation on a heating circuit with a conventional electric boiler 53 (FIG. 11), in which the fluid contained in the exchanger 54 of the boiler 53 is heated inside the microwave boiler 56, the radiators 57 being heated directly, and, on the other hand, by adaptation in a conventional heating circuit, the fluid of which is heated to the inside of the boiler 58.
  • the boiler according to the invention allows, for example, a production of hot water with a higher yield than that produced by traditional solutions with less energy consumption. It therefore follows that the heating provided by these radiations is direct and intense, and the heating of the usual treatment enclosure in most traditional systems is avoided and thus the corresponding losses are saved.
  • the power used is therefore generally much lower than that required for a conventional heating system, especially since the precise location of the area of action of the radiation at the heart of the material can lead to reducing the volume to be heated due to that the processing time is extremely short, so that significant energy savings can be achieved.
  • microwave boilers according to the invention can also completely complement or replace conventional gas, fuel oil, electric boiler devices. to heat pumps. They are interesting for geothermal energy, solar thermal energy and in general in addition to devices to solar energy.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
EP83440012A 1982-02-12 1983-02-10 Chaudière à micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud à usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procédé mis en oeuvre par cette chaudière Expired EP0086730B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83440012T ATE27525T1 (de) 1982-02-12 1983-02-10 Mikrowellenkessel zur erzeugung einer warmen fluessigkeit zum privaten oder industriellen gebrauch oder zum raumheizen und verfahren welches durch diesen kessel zum einsatz gebracht wird.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8202460A FR2521809A1 (fr) 1982-02-12 1982-02-12 Chaudiere a micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud a usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procede mis en oeuvre par cette chaudiere
FR8202460 1982-02-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086730A1 EP0086730A1 (fr) 1983-08-24
EP0086730B1 true EP0086730B1 (fr) 1987-05-27

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EP83440012A Expired EP0086730B1 (fr) 1982-02-12 1983-02-10 Chaudière à micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud à usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procédé mis en oeuvre par cette chaudière

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0086730B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE27525T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3371849D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2521809A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10005375B4 (de) * 2000-02-07 2005-03-17 Reinhard Ehnle Heizen mit Mikrowelle, Takt und Boilersystem

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2567706B1 (fr) * 1984-07-13 1987-01-09 Lajat Herve Procede de chauffage par radiateur individuel a micro-ondes
GB2213918A (en) * 1987-10-17 1989-08-23 Terence John Alabaster Microwave fluid heater
GB2254406A (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-10-07 Ali Askar Shirazi Microwave water heating system
ITBO910224A1 (it) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-21 Fratadocchi Alberto Breccia Impianti di riscaldamento domestico ed industriale ad aria, acqua e vapore basati sull'effetto termico delle microonde su materiali
KR0140461B1 (ko) * 1994-07-12 1998-06-01 김광호 전자렌지
US5690614A (en) * 1995-09-06 1997-11-25 Microwave Medical Systems, Inc. Microwave apparatus for warming low flow rate infusates
GB2323004A (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Roy Albert Mitchell Microwave powered heating and hot water boiler
WO2003039194A2 (en) * 2001-10-27 2003-05-08 Micro Heat Limited Water heater
CN100402940C (zh) * 2006-02-21 2008-07-16 江存志 储能式微波热水器
CN100434827C (zh) * 2006-07-19 2008-11-19 王宝根 利用微波能加热控制水温的浴缸
RU2356187C1 (ru) * 2007-12-20 2009-05-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Московское машиностроительное производственное предприятие "САЛЮТ" (ФГУП "ММПП "САЛЮТ") Устройство для свч нагрева жидких диэлектрических сред в емкостях

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029927A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-14 Mcmillan Hugh G Microwave water heater
US4114011A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-12 Thermatron, Inc. Microwave heating method and apparatus
US4165455A (en) * 1977-07-28 1979-08-21 Mayfield Esther O Steam or hot-water boiler
CA1109526A (en) * 1977-10-14 1981-09-22 Junzo Tanaka Microwave oven having l-shaped antenna
US4178494A (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-12-11 Bottalico Frank P Micro-wave air heater
GB2048629A (en) * 1979-04-30 1980-12-10 Willcock W Water heating method
AU534381B2 (en) * 1979-09-14 1984-01-26 K.K. Toshiba Microwave oven

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10005375B4 (de) * 2000-02-07 2005-03-17 Reinhard Ehnle Heizen mit Mikrowelle, Takt und Boilersystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE27525T1 (de) 1987-06-15
DE3371849D1 (en) 1987-07-02
FR2521809A1 (fr) 1983-08-19
FR2521809B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1984-10-26
EP0086730A1 (fr) 1983-08-24

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