EP0085318B1 - Device for heating an extrusion moulding track of electrically conductive material, and the use thereof - Google Patents

Device for heating an extrusion moulding track of electrically conductive material, and the use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0085318B1
EP0085318B1 EP83100273A EP83100273A EP0085318B1 EP 0085318 B1 EP0085318 B1 EP 0085318B1 EP 83100273 A EP83100273 A EP 83100273A EP 83100273 A EP83100273 A EP 83100273A EP 0085318 B1 EP0085318 B1 EP 0085318B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
plates
frequency generator
walls
condenser plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83100273A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0085318A1 (en
Inventor
Eckhard Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG
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Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik fuer Baustoffe GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT83100273T priority Critical patent/ATE29641T1/en
Publication of EP0085318A1 publication Critical patent/EP0085318A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/60—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
    • B28B5/026—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
    • B28B5/027—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/04—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band
    • B30B5/06—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band co-operating with another endless band
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S198/00—Conveyors: power-driven
    • Y10S198/952—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heating a strand of electrically conductive material according to the preamble of claim 1 and its use for the production of blanks for building materials, in particular wall blocks.
  • the heating chamber of this device cannot easily be replaced by capacitor plates which are connected to a high-frequency generator, since the emerging strand would be at potential and would also radiate like an antenna.
  • FR-A-2 308 479 or DE-A-1 683 991 it is known from FR-A-2 308 479 or DE-A-1 683 991 to use a channel for the production of gypsum boards, which consists of four synchronously driven belts and can be filled via a filling funnel.
  • the filled raw mixture is not heated, rather the plaster is allowed to harden in order to be able to remove the finished plate.
  • This requires a corresponding length of the channel or a sufficiently long period of time for the mixture to remain in the channel.
  • the use of a high-frequency field for heating is not possible because of the material of the strips, which are at least partially made of metal, because of the short circuit that then occurs.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the strand emerging from the channel is grounded and does not radiate.
  • the 1 comprises four belts 10, 11, 12 and 13 which are arranged such that they form a rectangular channel 14 between them.
  • the belts 10 to 13 are guided around rollers 15 and driven synchronously by means of a drive, not shown.
  • the tapes 10 to 13 are further supported, if necessary, adjacent to the channel 14 by support gratings, not shown, while the vertical tapes 12 and 13 can additionally be guided at their edges via slide rails.
  • the lower horizontal belt 10 is extended beyond the outlet end of the channel 14 and guided to the belt running control via a dancer roll 16.
  • a filling funnel 17 opens between the belts 10 to 13 in the inlet area of the channel 14, which is expediently arranged such that it can be moved out of the inlet area of the channel 14 by means of a piston-cylinder unit for cleaning purposes.
  • the outlet opening of the filling funnel 17 is located in the inlet area of the channel 14.
  • a cutting device 18 is provided, which in the feed direction of the band 10 from an initial position synchronously with the feed Speed of the belt 10 can be moved and can be moved back into the starting position after the cutting process has been carried out.
  • the cutting device 18 has in the embodiment shown a bracket 19, a cutting wire 19 a reciprocating and adjustable in the vertical direction according to the cutting progress and receives and can be moved with a carriage 20.
  • a belt weighing section can be provided downstream of the cutting device 18.
  • the tapes 10 to 13 are preferably made of an electrically non-conductive plastic, while adjacent to the tapes 12 and 13, namely on the outside of the tape parts that form the entrance area of the channel 14, a capacitor plate arrangement 21 is provided, which is connected via corresponding lines 22 are connected to a high frequency generator 23.
  • a raw mixture for example consisting of quartz sand, lime, water, cement with accelerator and foam for the production of lime silicate stones
  • the raw mixture reaches the channel 14 and is held on the predetermined channel cross section by the belts 10 to 13.
  • the raw mixture in the duct 14 is heated, for example, to a temperature of 50 ° C. via the capacitor plate arrangement 21, so that the raw mixture solidifies due to the strengthening reactions of the cement that are set in motion.
  • the pressure build-up in the foam pores of the raw mixture can then take place correspondingly more slowly.
  • the raw mixture can also expand in the direction of the filling funnel 17 during the heating, it being expedient to always maintain a substantially constant level of raw mixing in the filling funnel 17, so that the pressure exerted thereby on the solidifying strand located in the channel 14 in the remains essentially constant.
  • the solidifying strand of raw mixture in channel 14 is conveyed through belts 10 to 13 to the outlet end of channel 14. A relative movement between the strand and the tapes 10 to 13 and between the tapes 10 to 13 does not take place here, so that the wear problems are minimal.
  • the tapes 10 to 13 are sprayed with a release agent by spray devices 24 before they are deflected to the channel 14.
  • scrapers 25 are provided, which remove any adhering material from the belts 10 to 13.
  • the solidified strand After the solidified strand emerges from the channel 14, it is transported further through the lower belt 10 and divided into individual stone blanks 26 by means of the cutting device 18.
  • the separated stone blanks 26 can then optionally be weighed on a belt weighing line, in order to be able to readjust the composition of the raw mixture in this way, in order to achieve the most uniform possible body density of the stone blanks 26.
  • the waste heat from the high-frequency generator 23 can be used by blowing warm air generated by the generator cooling, for example by means of a hood, onto the stone blanks 26 in order to harden them, so that these have a sufficiently high strength for subsequent transport to an autoclave, but they do not must be fully generated by capacitive heating.
  • the length of the channel 14 is dimensioned such that the emerging strand has a desired strength, which may be increased to the necessary value by reheating with warm air from the generator cooling or another heat source.
  • the area of the channel 14 is expediently accommodated in a housing, not shown, which extends from the hopper 17 to the cutting device 18.
  • the belts 10 to 13 with their rollers 15 as well as support gratings and sliding guides can be adjusted with respect to their belt levels so that the cross section of the channel 14 can be changed.
  • the length of the blanks 26 can be changed by the cycle of the cutting device 18.
  • the feed rate of the belts 10 to 13 is expediently adjustable, in particular continuously adjustable, in order to be able to adapt the feed rate to the heating rate and the size of the capacitor plate arrangement 21 accordingly.
  • the belt strand system is suitable, for example, for the production of blanks for wall building blocks, in particular lightweight building blocks, for example based on lime silicate, gas or foam concrete or from coarse-ceramic material, the raw mixture containing large proportions of foam and water, so that cullet densities down to 0.2 g / cm 3 can be achieved.
  • the generator power can be used optimally.
  • the capacitor plate arrangement 21 shown in FIG. 2 comprises two capacitor plates 30, one each on an outside of the band 12 or 13, which are offset from one another by at least approximately their length and are connected to the ungrounded connection of the high-frequency generator 23 (by “+” indicated).
  • two further capacitor plates 31 are arranged adjacent to each of them on the outside of the band 12 and 13, respectively, which are connected to the grounded connection of the high-frequency generator 2 3 are connected (indicated by «-»).
  • the capacitor plates 31, 32 extend so far along the channel 14 that the scattering field lines emanating from the capacitor plates 30 are absorbed by the capacitor plates 31, 32 on both sides thereof, so that the strand inside the channel 14 no longer extends outside the heating area Potential lies.
  • the capacitor plates 30, 31, 32 can serve as support elements for the bands 12, 13 at the same time.
  • the plates 33 are used to optimally adjust the capacitance of the capacitor plate arrangement 21 to the generator power.
  • the capacitor plates 30, 31 are adjustable in their spacing with respect to the adjacent belts 12, 13 by the adjacent sections of the belts by the capacitor plates 30, 31, the plates 33 and the air gap therebetween 12 and 13 and between the raw mixture formed multilayer capacitor in its capacity to match the power of the high-frequency generator 23 such that its resonant circuit operates as resonantly as possible.
  • the tapes 12 and 13 of the channel 14 expediently have a considerably lower dielectric constant and in particular a considerably lower product of the dielectric constant and loss angle than the raw mixture conveyed in the channel 14, so that the tapes 12, 13 remain practically cold and are not heated.
  • the capacitor plate arrangement 21 can also be arranged in the area of the filling funnel 17, which then has a corresponding length and must be made of the appropriate material.
  • the device enables true capacitive heating even with an electrically conductive raw mixture and a relatively high dielectric constant, with optimal use of the generator power, it also being possible to work with a reduced frequency, which simplifies the technical implementation.
  • a Jouie heating of the raw mixture is additionally delivered.
  • a high dielectric strength is obtained and the choice of generator voltage is less problematic.
  • the raw mixture can have a water and foam content of more than 50% by weight.

Abstract

The invention relates to an appliance for heating an electroconductive material, preferably one which hardens as a result of this heating process, this material being in the form of a continuous strand which is guided inside a channel (14). In this appliance, a high-frequency generator (23) is provided, two capacitor-plates (30) being arranged on two oppositely-located sides of the channel (14), which sides are formed by walls (10 to 13) composed of an electrically insulating material, these capacitor-plates (30) being staggered by at least their length and being connected to a non-earthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23), while two further capacitor-plates (31, 32) are arranged on each of the two sides, adjacent to the two capacitor-plates (30), these further capacitor-plates (31, 32) being connected to the earthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23) and extending along the channel (14) for a distance such that the strand outside the heating zone is no longer at a potential. The appliance can be used, in particular, in a belt-type continuous-moulding unit for the manufacture of blanks for building materials, starting from a raw mixture having a high dielectric coefficient.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen eines Strangs aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Rohlingen für Baumaterialien, insbesondere Wandbausteinen.The invention relates to a device for heating a strand of electrically conductive material according to the preamble of claim 1 and its use for the production of blanks for building materials, in particular wall blocks.

Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung 0 038-552 ist es bekannt, bei der Herstellung von Steinrohlingen insbesondere für die Herstellung von Wandbausteinen auf Kalksilikatbasis eine Form zu verwenden, von der zwei gegenüberliegende Wände als Kondensatorplatten eingesetzt werden, die an einen Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossen sind. Über eine Fülleinrichtung wird die Form mit Rohmischung gefüllt, letztere in der Form durch das Hochfrequenzfeld erhitzt, wodurch die Rohmischung ausreichend verfestigt wird, und anschließend entformt und abtransportiert. Eine derartige Arbeitsweise erfordert einen Formumlauf mit einem taktweisen Arbeiten, wobei der Takt im wesentlichen von dem Zeitraum bestimmt wird, den die in der Form befindliche Rohmischung benötigt, um die gewünschte Festigkeit zu erreichen. Insbesondere wenn die Rohmischung einen hohen Schaumanteil enthält, um Leichtbaumaterialien herzustellen, ist jedoch ein sehr schnelles Erwärmen, d. h. geringe Taktzeit, nicht immer zu bewerkstelligen, da die in den Schaumporen befindliche Luft expandiert und hohe Drücke ausübt, so daß in solchen Fällen längere Taktzeiten vorzuziehen sind, die aber die Produktivität beeinträchtigen. Außerdem wird durch den benötigten Formumlauf die Einrichtung aufwendig und kompliziert.From European patent application 0 038-552 it is known to use a mold in the manufacture of stone blanks, in particular for the manufacture of wall blocks based on lime silicate, from which two opposite walls are used as capacitor plates which are connected to a high-frequency generator. The mold is filled with raw mixture via a filling device, the latter being heated in the mold by the high-frequency field, as a result of which the raw mixture is sufficiently solidified, and then removed from the mold and transported away. Such a mode of operation requires a mold cycle with a cyclical operation, the cycle being essentially determined by the time it takes for the raw mixture in the mold to achieve the desired strength. However, especially if the raw mixture contains a high proportion of foam in order to produce lightweight materials, very rapid heating, i.e. H. short cycle time, not always feasible, since the air in the foam pores expands and exerts high pressures, so that longer cycle times are preferable in such cases, but these impair productivity. In addition, the facility is complex and complicated due to the required mold circulation.

Außerdem ist es aus der DE-A-859 122 bekannt, bei der Herstellung von porösen Kunstharz- oder Gipsformkörpern die Rohmischung in einen Kanal zu füllen, der aus vier synchron angetriebenen Bändern gebildet wird, die durch eine Heizkammer geführt sind. Hierbei erfolgt die Wärmeübertragung durch Wärmeleitung, wodurch sich insbesondere bei einer Rohmischung mit einem hohen Schaumanteil wegen der dadurch bedingten schlechten Wärmeleitung relativ lange Erwärmungszeiten und keine in bezug auf das Volumen gleichmäßige Erwärmung ergibt, die zu Rißbildung infolge unterschiedlicher Expansion der Schaumporen durch die nach innen fortschreitende Erwärmung führt.It is also known from DE-A-859 122 to fill the raw mixture in a channel which is formed from four synchronously driven belts which are guided through a heating chamber in the production of porous synthetic resin or plaster moldings. In this case, the heat is transferred by heat conduction, which results in relatively long heating times, especially in the case of a raw mixture with a high foam content, because of the poor heat conduction caused by this, and there is no uniform heating in terms of volume, which leads to crack formation as a result of different expansion of the foam pores due to the inward progress Warming leads.

Die Heizkammer dieser Vorrichtung läßt sich aber auch nicht ohne weiteres durch Kondensatorplatten, die an einen Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossen sind, ersetzen, da dann der austretende Strang auf Potential liegen und ferner wie eine Antenne strahlen würde.However, the heating chamber of this device cannot easily be replaced by capacitor plates which are connected to a high-frequency generator, since the emerging strand would be at potential and would also radiate like an antenna.

Ferner ist es aus der FR-A-2 308 479 oder der DE-A-1 683 991 bekannt, zur Herstellung von Gipsplatten einen Kanal zu verwenden, der aus vier synchron angetriebenen Bändern besteht und über einen Fülltrichter befüllbar ist. Hierbei wird jedoch keine Erwärmung der eingefüllten Rohmischung vorgenommen, vielmehr läßt man den Gips hart werden, um die fertige Platte entnehmen zu können, Dies erfordert eine entsprechende Länge des Kanals bzw. eine genügend lange Aufenthaltsdauer der Mischung im Kanal. Die Verwendung eines Hochfrequenzfeldes zum Erwärmen ist wegen des Materials der Bänder, die zumindestens teilweise aus Metall bestehen, wegen des dann auftretenden Kurzschlusses nicht möglich.Furthermore, it is known from FR-A-2 308 479 or DE-A-1 683 991 to use a channel for the production of gypsum boards, which consists of four synchronously driven belts and can be filled via a filling funnel. In this case, however, the filled raw mixture is not heated, rather the plaster is allowed to harden in order to be able to remove the finished plate. This requires a corresponding length of the channel or a sufficiently long period of time for the mixture to remain in the channel. The use of a high-frequency field for heating is not possible because of the material of the strips, which are at least partially made of metal, because of the short circuit that then occurs.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, bei der der aus dem Kanal austretende Strang geerdet ist und nicht abstrahlt.The object of the invention is to provide a device according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the strand emerging from the channel is grounded and does not radiate.

Diese aufgabe wird entsprechend dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1.

Hierdurch wird eine Erdung des STrangs ohne galvanischen Kontakt sichergestellt, indem die streuenden Feldlinien von den entsprechend verlängerten geerdeten Kondensatorplatten aufgenommen werden, so daß der austretende Strang auf Erdpotential liegt und außerdem nicht abstrahlen kann.This ensures that the strand is grounded without galvanic contact by the scattering field lines being picked up by the correspondingly extended grounded capacitor plates, so that the emerging strand is at ground potential and, moreover, cannot radiate.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung zu entnehmen.Further refinements of the invention can be found in the subclaims and the description below.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in den beigefügten Abbildungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt schematisch und perspektivisch eine Bandstranganlage mit einer Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen des Strangs.
  • Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen zwei Ausführungsformen für die Anordnung der Kondensatorplatten der Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen des Strangs.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the attached figures.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically and in perspective a strip strand system with a device for heating the strand.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show two embodiments for the arrangement of the capacitor plates of the device for heating the strand.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Bandstranganlage umfaßt vier Bänder 10, 11, 12 und 13, die derart angeordnet sind, daß sie zwischen sich einen rechteckigen Kanal 14 bilden. Die Bänder 10 bis 13 sind um Rollen 15 geführt und mittels eines nicht dargestellten Antriebs synchron angetrieben. Die Bänder 10 bis 13 werden soweit erforderlich ferner benachbart zum Kanal 14 durch nicht dargestellte Tragroste abgestützt, während die vertikalen Bänder 12 und 13 zusätzlich über Gleitschienen an ihren Kanten geführt sein können. Das untere horizontale Band 10 ist über das Austrittsende des Kanals 14 hinaus verlängert und über eine Tänzerwakze 16 zur Bandlaufregelung geführt.1 comprises four belts 10, 11, 12 and 13 which are arranged such that they form a rectangular channel 14 between them. The belts 10 to 13 are guided around rollers 15 and driven synchronously by means of a drive, not shown. The tapes 10 to 13 are further supported, if necessary, adjacent to the channel 14 by support gratings, not shown, while the vertical tapes 12 and 13 can additionally be guided at their edges via slide rails. The lower horizontal belt 10 is extended beyond the outlet end of the channel 14 and guided to the belt running control via a dancer roll 16.

Zwischen den Bändern 10 bis 13 mündet im Eintrittsbereich des Kanals 14 ein Fülltrichter 17, der zweckmäßigerweise etwa mittels einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit zwecks Reinigung aus dem Eintrittsbereich des Kanals 14 herausfahrbar angeordnet ist. Die Austrittsöffnung des Fülltrichters 17 bebindet sich im Eintrittsbereich des Kanals 14.A filling funnel 17 opens between the belts 10 to 13 in the inlet area of the channel 14, which is expediently arranged such that it can be moved out of the inlet area of the channel 14 by means of a piston-cylinder unit for cleaning purposes. The outlet opening of the filling funnel 17 is located in the inlet area of the channel 14.

Am Austrittsende des Kanals 14 ist eine Schneideeinrichtung 18 vorgesehen, die in Vorschubrichtung des Bandes 10 aus einer Ausgangsstellung synchron mit der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Bandes 10 verfahrbar und nach Durch führung des Schneidvorgangs in die Ausgangsstellung zurückfahrbar ist. Die Schneideeinrichtung 18 besitzt in der dargestellten Ausführungsform einen Bügel 19, einen Schneidedraht 19a hin- und herbeweglich sowie in vertikaler Richtung entsprechend dem Schneidfortgang verstellbar aufnimmt und mit einem Schlitten 20 verfahrbar ist.At the exit end of the channel 14, a cutting device 18 is provided, which in the feed direction of the band 10 from an initial position synchronously with the feed Speed of the belt 10 can be moved and can be moved back into the starting position after the cutting process has been carried out. The cutting device 18 has in the embodiment shown a bracket 19, a cutting wire 19 a reciprocating and adjustable in the vertical direction according to the cutting progress and receives and can be moved with a carriage 20.

Nachfolgend zur Schneideeinrichtung 18 kann eine Bandwiegestrecke vorgesehen sein.A belt weighing section can be provided downstream of the cutting device 18.

Die Bänder 10 bis 13 bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden Kunststoff, während benachbart zu den Bändern 12 und 13, und zwar auf der Außenseite der Bandteile, die den Eingangsbereich des Kanals 14 bilden, jeweils eine Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 vorgesehen ist, die über entsprechende Leitungen 22 mit einem Hochfrequenzgenerator 23 verbunden sind.The tapes 10 to 13 are preferably made of an electrically non-conductive plastic, while adjacent to the tapes 12 and 13, namely on the outside of the tape parts that form the entrance area of the channel 14, a capacitor plate arrangement 21 is provided, which is connected via corresponding lines 22 are connected to a high frequency generator 23.

Wird eine Rohmischung, beispielsweise bestehend aus Quarzsand, Kalk, wasser, Zement mit Beschleuniger und Schaum zur Herstellung von Kalksilikatsteinen in den Fülltrichter 17 eingefüllt, gelangt die Rohmischung in den Kanal 14 und wird durch die Bänder 10 bis 13 auf dem vorbestimmten Kanalquerschnitt gehalten. Über die Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 erfolgt die Erwärmung der Rohmischung im Kanal 14 beispielsweise auf eine Temperatur von 50 °C, so daß sich die Rohmischung aufgrund der dadurch in Gang gesetzten festigkeitsbildenden Reaktionen des Zementes verfestigt. Hierbei wird es ermöglicht, mit einem relativ langsamen Temeperaturanstieg zu arbeiten, indem die Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 entsprechend lang, größer als die Länge der herzustellenden Rohlinge, beispielsweise doppelt so lang gewählt wird. Der Druckaufbau in den Schaumporen der Rohmischung kann dann entsprechend langsamer erfolgen. Auch kann sich die Rohmischung in Richtung auf den Fülltrichter 17 während der erwärmung ausdehnen, wobei es zweckmäßig ist, im fülltrichter 17 immer ein im wesentlichen konstantes Niveau an Rohmischung aufrechtzuerhalten, so daß der hierdurch auf den im Kanal 14 befindlichen sich verfestigenden Strang ausgeübte Druck im wesentlichen konstant bleibt.If a raw mixture, for example consisting of quartz sand, lime, water, cement with accelerator and foam for the production of lime silicate stones, is poured into the filling funnel 17, the raw mixture reaches the channel 14 and is held on the predetermined channel cross section by the belts 10 to 13. The raw mixture in the duct 14 is heated, for example, to a temperature of 50 ° C. via the capacitor plate arrangement 21, so that the raw mixture solidifies due to the strengthening reactions of the cement that are set in motion. This makes it possible to work with a relatively slow temperature rise by selecting the capacitor plate arrangement 21 to be correspondingly long, larger than the length of the blanks to be produced, for example twice as long. The pressure build-up in the foam pores of the raw mixture can then take place correspondingly more slowly. The raw mixture can also expand in the direction of the filling funnel 17 during the heating, it being expedient to always maintain a substantially constant level of raw mixing in the filling funnel 17, so that the pressure exerted thereby on the solidifying strand located in the channel 14 in the remains essentially constant.

Der sich verfestigende Strang aus Rohmischung im Kanal 14 wird durch die Bänder 10 bis 13 zum Austrittsende des Kanals 14 gefördert. Eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Strang und den Bändern 10 bis 13 sowie unter den Bändern 10 bis 13 untereinander findet hierbei nicht statt, so daß auch die Verschleißprobleme minimal sind.The solidifying strand of raw mixture in channel 14 is conveyed through belts 10 to 13 to the outlet end of channel 14. A relative movement between the strand and the tapes 10 to 13 and between the tapes 10 to 13 does not take place here, so that the wear problems are minimal.

Um am Austrittsende des Kanals 14 ein leichtes Lösen der Bänder 10 bis 13 von dem verfestigten Strang zu erreichen, werden die Bänder 10 bis 13, bevor sie zum Kanal 14 umgelenkt werden, durch Sprüheinrichtungen 24 mit einem Trenmittel besprüht. Außerdem sind Abstreifer 25 vorgesehen, die eventuell anhaftendes Material von den Bändern 10 bis 13 entfernen.In order to achieve an easy detachment of the tapes 10 to 13 from the solidified strand at the exit end of the channel 14, the tapes 10 to 13 are sprayed with a release agent by spray devices 24 before they are deflected to the channel 14. In addition, scrapers 25 are provided, which remove any adhering material from the belts 10 to 13.

Nach Austritt des verfestigten Strangs aus dem Kanal 14 wird dieser durch das untere Band 10 weitertransportiert und mittels der Schneideeinrichtung 18 in einzelne Steinrohlinge 26 zerteilt. Die vereinzelten Steinrohlinge 26 können dann gegebenenfalls auf einer Bandwiegestrecke gewogen werden, um auf diese Weise die Zusammensetzung der Rohmischung nachregeln zu können, um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Scherbenrohdichte der Steinrohlinge 26 zu erzielen.After the solidified strand emerges from the channel 14, it is transported further through the lower belt 10 and divided into individual stone blanks 26 by means of the cutting device 18. The separated stone blanks 26 can then optionally be weighed on a belt weighing line, in order to be able to readjust the composition of the raw mixture in this way, in order to achieve the most uniform possible body density of the stone blanks 26.

Ferner läßt sich die Abwärme des Hochfrequenzgenerators 23 nutzen, indem durch die Generatorkühlung erzeugte Warmluft etwa mittels einer Haube auf die Steinrohlinge 26 geblasen wird, um diese nachzuhärten, so daß diese eine für einen nachfolgenden Transport zu einem Autoklaven ausreichend hohe Festigkeit besitzen, die jedoch nicht voll durch die kapazitive Erwärmung erzeugt werden muß. Die Länge des Kanals 14 ist derart bemessen, daß der austretende Strang eine gewünschte Festigkeit aufweist, die gegebenenfalls durch die Nachwärmung mit Warmluft von der Generatorkühlung oder auch einer sonstigen Wärmequelle auf den notwendigen Wert erhöht wird.Furthermore, the waste heat from the high-frequency generator 23 can be used by blowing warm air generated by the generator cooling, for example by means of a hood, onto the stone blanks 26 in order to harden them, so that these have a sufficiently high strength for subsequent transport to an autoclave, but they do not must be fully generated by capacitive heating. The length of the channel 14 is dimensioned such that the emerging strand has a desired strength, which may be increased to the necessary value by reheating with warm air from the generator cooling or another heat source.

Der Bereich des Kanals 14 wird zweckmäßigerweise in einem nicht dargestellten Gehäuse untergebracht, das vom Fülltrichter 17 bis zur Schneideeinrichtung 18 reicht.The area of the channel 14 is expediently accommodated in a housing, not shown, which extends from the hopper 17 to the cutting device 18.

Um andere Formate herstellen zu können, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Bänder 10 bis 13 mit ihren Rollen 15 sowie Tragrosten und Gleitführungen in Bezug auf ihre Bandebenen verstellbar sind, um so den Querschnitt des Kanals 14 ändern zu können. Die Länge der Rohlinge 26 kann durch den Takt der Schneideeinrichtung 18 verändert werden. «In order to be able to produce other formats, it is expedient if the belts 10 to 13 with their rollers 15 as well as support gratings and sliding guides can be adjusted with respect to their belt levels so that the cross section of the channel 14 can be changed. The length of the blanks 26 can be changed by the cycle of the cutting device 18. «

Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit der Bänder 10 bis 13 regelbar, und zwar insbesondere stufenlos regelbar, um die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit an die Aufheizgeschwindigkeit und die Größe der Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 entsprechend anpassen zu können.The feed rate of the belts 10 to 13 is expediently adjustable, in particular continuously adjustable, in order to be able to adapt the feed rate to the heating rate and the size of the capacitor plate arrangement 21 accordingly.

Die Bandstranganlage eingnet sich beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Rohlingen für Wandbausteine, insbesondere Leichtbausteine, etwa auf Basis von Kalksilikat, Gas- oder Schaumbeton oder aus grobkeramischem Material, wobei die Rohmischung große Anteile Schaum und Wasser enthält, so daß Scherbenrohdichten bis herab zu 0,2 g/cm3 erzielt werden. Außerdem läßt sich die Generatorleistung optimal nutzen.The belt strand system is suitable, for example, for the production of blanks for wall building blocks, in particular lightweight building blocks, for example based on lime silicate, gas or foam concrete or from coarse-ceramic material, the raw mixture containing large proportions of foam and water, so that cullet densities down to 0.2 g / cm 3 can be achieved. In addition, the generator power can be used optimally.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 umfaßt zwei Kondensatorplatten 30, jeweils eine auf einer Außenseite des Bandes 12 bzw. 13, die um wenigstens etwa ihre Länge zueinander versetzt angeordnet und mit dem nicht geerdeten Anschluß des Hochfrequenzgenerators 23 verbunden sind (durch « + » angedeutet). Mit Abstand zu den beiden Kondensatorplatten 30 sind benachbart hierzu jeweils zwei weitere Kondensatorplatten 31 jeweils an der Außenseite des Bandes 12 bzw. 13 angeordnet, die an den geerdeten Anschluß des Hochfrequenzgenerators 23 angeschlossen sind (durch «-» angedeutet). Die Kondensatorplatten 31, 32 erstrecken sich dabei soweit entlang des Kanals 14, daß die von den Kondensatorplatten 30 ausgehenden streuenden Feldlinien von den Kondensatorplatten 31, 32 auf beiden Seiten hiervon aufgenonnen werden, so daß der Strang innerhalb des Kanals 14 außerhalb des Erwärmungsbereichs nicht mehr auf Potential liegt. Die Kondensatorplatten 30, 31, 32 können hierbei gleichzeitig als Stützelemente für die Bänder 12, 13 dienen.The capacitor plate arrangement 21 shown in FIG. 2 comprises two capacitor plates 30, one each on an outside of the band 12 or 13, which are offset from one another by at least approximately their length and are connected to the ungrounded connection of the high-frequency generator 23 (by “+” indicated). At a distance from the two capacitor plates 30, two further capacitor plates 31 are arranged adjacent to each of them on the outside of the band 12 and 13, respectively, which are connected to the grounded connection of the high-frequency generator 2 3 are connected (indicated by «-»). The capacitor plates 31, 32 extend so far along the channel 14 that the scattering field lines emanating from the capacitor plates 30 are absorbed by the capacitor plates 31, 32 on both sides thereof, so that the strand inside the channel 14 no longer extends outside the heating area Potential lies. The capacitor plates 30, 31, 32 can serve as support elements for the bands 12, 13 at the same time.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 ist benachbart zu den Bändern 12, 13 in dem Längenbereich, der von den Kondensatorplatten 30 eingenonnen wird, zwischen diesen und den Bändern 12, 13 zunächst eine Platte 33 aus elektrisch nicht leitendem Material, etwa Kunststoff vorgesehen, wobei die Platten 33 einen Führungskasten bilden können, durch den die Bänder 10 bis 13 hindurchlaufen. Benachbart zu den Kondensatorplatten 30 sind im Bereich der Platten 33 die geerdeten Kondensatorplatten 31 vorgesehen, während sich daran Kondensatorplatten 32 anschließen, die an den Bändern 12, 13 anliegen und diese führen. Die Platten 33 dienen hierbei einer optimalen Einstellung der Kapazität der Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 auf die Generatorleistung. Zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Kondensatorplatten 30, 31 in Bezug auf die benachbarten Bänder 12, 13 in ihrem Abstand einstellbar sind, um den durch die Kondensatorplatten 30, 31, den Platten 33 und den zwischen diesen befindlichen Luftspalt, die benachbarten Abschnitte der Bänder 12 und 13 und dazwischen befindlichen Rohmischung gebildeten Mehrschichtkondensator in seiner Kapazität auf die Leistung des Hochfrequenzgenerators 23 derart abzustimmen, daß dessen Schwingkreis möglichst in Resonanz arbeitet.In the capacitor plate arrangement 21 shown in FIG. 3, a plate 33 made of electrically non-conductive material, such as plastic, is initially provided adjacent to the strips 12, 13 in the length range that is taken up by the capacitor plates 30 and the strips 12, 13 , wherein the plates 33 can form a guide box through which the tapes 10 to 13 pass. Adjacent to the capacitor plates 30, the grounded capacitor plates 31 are provided in the area of the plates 33, while capacitor plates 32 adjoin them, which abut the bands 12, 13 and guide them. The plates 33 are used to optimally adjust the capacitance of the capacitor plate arrangement 21 to the generator power. In addition, it can be provided that the capacitor plates 30, 31 are adjustable in their spacing with respect to the adjacent belts 12, 13 by the adjacent sections of the belts by the capacitor plates 30, 31, the plates 33 and the air gap therebetween 12 and 13 and between the raw mixture formed multilayer capacitor in its capacity to match the power of the high-frequency generator 23 such that its resonant circuit operates as resonantly as possible.

Die Bänder 12 und 13 des Kanals 14 besitzen zweckmäßigerweise eine erhebliche niedrigere Dielektrizitätskonstante und insbesondere erheblich niedrigeres Produkt aus Dielektrizitätskonstante und Verlustwinkel als die in dem Kanal 14 geförderte Rohmischung, so daß die Bänder 12, 13 praktisch kalt bleiben und nicht miterwärmt werden. Entsprechendes gilt für die Platten 33.The tapes 12 and 13 of the channel 14 expediently have a considerably lower dielectric constant and in particular a considerably lower product of the dielectric constant and loss angle than the raw mixture conveyed in the channel 14, so that the tapes 12, 13 remain practically cold and are not heated. The same applies to the plates 33.

Anstatt im Bereich der Bänder 12, 13 kann die Kondensatorplattenanordnung 21 auch im Bereich des Fülltrichters 17 angeordnet werden, der dann eine entsprechende Länge aufweisen und aus entsprechendem Material hergestellt sein muß.Instead of in the area of the belts 12, 13, the capacitor plate arrangement 21 can also be arranged in the area of the filling funnel 17, which then has a corresponding length and must be made of the appropriate material.

Die Vorrichtung ermöglicht eine echte kapazitive Erwärmung selbst bei einer elektrisch leitenden und eine relativ hohe Dielektrizitätskonstante aufweisenden Rohmischung bei optimaler Nutzung der Generatorleistung, wobei zudem mit erniedrigter Frequenz gearbeitet werden kann, wodurch sich die technische Realisierung vereinfacht. Entsprechend dem Imaginärteil der komplexen Dielektrizitätskonstanten der Rohmischung wird zusätzlich eine Jouie'sche Erwärmung der Rohmischung geliefert. Zudem wird eine hohe Durchschlagfestigkeit erhalten und die Wahl der Generatorspannung unprobiematischer. Die Rohmischung kann einen Wasser- und Schaumgehalt von mehr als 50 Gew.- % aufweisen.The device enables true capacitive heating even with an electrically conductive raw mixture and a relatively high dielectric constant, with optimal use of the generator power, it also being possible to work with a reduced frequency, which simplifies the technical implementation. In accordance with the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant of the raw mixture, a Jouie heating of the raw mixture is additionally delivered. In addition, a high dielectric strength is obtained and the choice of generator voltage is less problematic. The raw mixture can have a water and foam content of more than 50% by weight.

Claims (16)

1. A device for heating an extrusion of electrically conductive, heat-settable material, which extrusion is guided in a channel (14), characterised in that a high-frequency generator (23) is provided, two condenser plates (30) are positioned on two opposing sides of the walls (10 to 13) of the channel (14), which walls (10 to 13) comprise electrically insulating material, which plates (30) are staggered in the longitudinal direction of the channel (14) by at least their own length, and are connected to an unearthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23), while two further condenser plates (31, 32) are positioned on either side of each of the condenser plates (30), which further plates (31, 32) are connected to the earthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23) and extend along the channel (14), in such a way that the extrusion outside the heating zone no longer carries a potential.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the condenser plates (30, 31, 32) are designed as support elements for the flexible walls (12, 13) of the channel (14).
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that between the condenser plates (30. 31) or at least over the length taken up by the condenser plates (30) connected to the unearthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23), the walls (10 to 13) of the channel (14) are enveloped by a conduit (33) of electrically insulating material.
4. A device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the spacing of the condenser plates (30, 31) from the walls (12. 13) of the channel (14) can be adjusted to form an air gap.
5. A device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that outside the length taken up by the condenser plates (30) connected to the unearthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23), separately earthed condenser plates (32) are provided.
6. A device according to claim 5, characterised in that the condenser plates .(32) butt against the walls (12, 13) of the channel (14).
7. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the walls (12, 13) of the channel (14) have a lower dielectric constant, and in particular a lower product of loss angle and dielectric constant, than the material to be heated.
8. A device according to claim 7, characterised in that the walls (12, 13) comprise a plastics material.
9. A device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the channel (14) comprises four synchronously driven belts (10 to 13), and a filling hopper (17) is provided at the inlet end, a cutting device is provided at the outlet end, the cutting device being synchronised with the feed rate of the belts (10 to 13), and able to travel out from a starting position in the feed direction and return to that position.
10. A device according to claim 9, characterised in that a belt (10) extends as a conveyor belt beyond the outlet end of the extrusion and where the cutting device (18) is provided.
11. A device according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that a reheating device is provided at the outlet end of the channel (14), preferably after the cutting device (18).
12. A device according to claim 11, characterised in that the reheating device is fed from the waste heat of the high-frequency generator (23).
13. A device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that the lenght of the condenser plates (30), positioned adjacent to the belts (12, 13) and connected to the unearthed terminal of the high-frequency generator (23), is considerably greater than the length of a block to be manufactured (26).
14. A device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that the feed rate of the belts (10 to 13) is steplessly variable.
15. A device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that the position of at least one belt (10 to 13) is adjustable in relation to the opposite belt.
16. A device according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterised in that a belt weighing section is provided after the cutting device (18).
EP83100273A 1982-01-30 1983-01-14 Device for heating an extrusion moulding track of electrically conductive material, and the use thereof Expired EP0085318B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83100273T ATE29641T1 (en) 1982-01-30 1983-01-14 DEVICE FOR HEATING A STRING OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3203131 1982-01-30
DE3203131 1982-01-30

Publications (2)

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EP0085318A1 EP0085318A1 (en) 1983-08-10
EP0085318B1 true EP0085318B1 (en) 1987-09-09

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US (1) US4514162A (en)
EP (1) EP0085318B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58136404A (en)
AT (1) ATE29641T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1194559A (en)
DE (1) DE3373606D1 (en)
DK (1) DK156362C (en)

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EP0228615A3 (en) * 1985-12-10 1988-06-08 Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik Fur Baustoffe Gmbh & Co. Kg Arrangement for heating a billet of electrically conductive material
EP0485363A2 (en) * 1985-12-10 1992-05-13 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik für Baustoffe GmbH & Co. KG Device for heating a long product of electrical conductive material
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EP0486472A3 (en) * 1985-12-10 1992-05-27 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik für Baustoffe GmbH & Co. KG Device for heating a length of electrically conductive material
EP0485363A3 (en) * 1985-12-10 1992-05-27 Sicowa Verfahrenstechnik Fuer Baustoffe Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for heating a long product of electrical conductive material
EP0487504A1 (en) * 1985-12-10 1992-05-27 SICOWA Verfahrenstechnik für Baustoffe GmbH & Co. KG Arrangement for heating an elongated piece of electrically conductive material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58136404A (en) 1983-08-13
DE3373606D1 (en) 1987-10-15
DK21883A (en) 1983-07-31
EP0085318A1 (en) 1983-08-10
US4514162A (en) 1985-04-30
JPH047285B2 (en) 1992-02-10
ATE29641T1 (en) 1987-09-15
DK21883D0 (en) 1983-01-20
DK156362B (en) 1989-08-07
DK156362C (en) 1990-01-02
CA1194559A (en) 1985-10-01

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