EP0085125A1 - Cemented carbide compositions and process for making such compositions - Google Patents
Cemented carbide compositions and process for making such compositions Download PDFInfo
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- EP0085125A1 EP0085125A1 EP82100684A EP82100684A EP0085125A1 EP 0085125 A1 EP0085125 A1 EP 0085125A1 EP 82100684 A EP82100684 A EP 82100684A EP 82100684 A EP82100684 A EP 82100684A EP 0085125 A1 EP0085125 A1 EP 0085125A1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- COLZOALRRSURNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;methane;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Co].[W] COLZOALRRSURNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
Definitions
- This invention is concerned with cemented compositions and, more particularly, with cemented carbide compositions having unique characteristics and physical properties particularly suited for drilling and mining operations.
- cemented carbide compositions are used extensively in industrial applications. Representative are cutting tools, drawing dies, wear parts, drills and other applications where hardness, compressive strength and abrasion resistance are of paramount importance.
- compositions are primarily composed of refractory particles of, for example, tungsten carbide bound within a metallic matrix. Although cobalt is the most common metal for such matrix binders, many others have also been employed.
- An important quality of a cemented carbide composition is its ability to resist the propagation of small cracks wich form in the composition surface. It is of particular importance in, for example, a rock drill where such cracks may form soon after it is put into service.
- the resistance to propagation of surface cracks is referred to as fracture toughness or, in more exact terms, critical stress intensity parameter, i.e., K IC . This property is best measured in a test where a natural crack can be started and stopped several times, in such manner that the energy required to propagate the crack can be accurately determined.
- compositions useful in rock drilling have not been achieved. Where increases in one such property have been obtained, other important ones often including abrasion resistance and hardness have suffered. Thus compositions having the composite properties desired for this purpose have remained unavailable.
- Figure 1 is a graph reflecting the surface hardening as a result of simulated rock drilling of representative compositions of the prior art and present invention - as a function of distance from the composition surface.
- Figure 2 is a graph of fracture toughness versus abrasion resistance for some compositions of this invention as compared to prior art cobalt tungsten carbide compositions.
- the present invention is directed to improved cemented compositions and, more particularly, to cemented tungsten carbide compositions having particular utility for rock drilling and/or mining operations. These compositions solve many of the drawbacks of the prior art, including those already discussed above.
- compositions are composed generally of from about 80 to about 97% by weight of refractory particles of, for example, tungsten carbide. These particles are bound within from about 3 to about 20% by weight of a metallic matrix comprising an alloy of between about 5 and about 50% nickel, sufficient carbon to avoid the formation of detrimental carbon deficient or excess carbon phases and a balance of from about 95 to about 50% iron by weight. In a further improved embodiment these alloys additionally contain manganese.
- the major component of the present cemented compositions is its refractory particles. It is this component, generally present in about 80 to about 97% by total weight, which is primarily specific for the abrasion resistance necessary for these compositions' utilities.
- Tungsten carbide generally constitutes at least 50%, and preferably from 70 to 100%, of these refractory particles. Its well known physical properties make it particularly suitable for this purpose. In addition, various other materials may be employed in conjunction with it. For specific applications, particles of titanium carbide, tantalum carbide and/or various other known refractories may be admixed with the particles of tungsten carbide. Most commonly, these secondary refractories are utilized in an amount less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, by total weight of particles.
- the carbide grain size may range widely. To provide the most desired combination of abrasion resistance and toughness, the carbide grain size may be from about one-half (1 ⁇ 2) to about 15 ⁇ m or mixtures thereof.
- the matrix binder for the refractory particles of the present invention is a metallic alloy. It is this alloy which is responsible for maintaining the physical integrity of the composition. Because of the unique properties of the present alloys; a superior combination of fracture toughness and abrasion resistance can be achieved as compared to many of those of the prior art.
- the metallic alloy comprises and may consist eseentially of from about 5 to about 500% by weight nickel with the remainder or balance being from about 95 to about 50% by weight iron.
- Other metals such as cobalt, molybdenum, copper, chromium and others may be present also. Within the foregoing proportions, such alloys may provide substantial improvement of, in particular, the critical property of fracture toughness.
- the alloy should contain a sufficient amount of carbon to avoid the formation of carbon deficient phases. Generally, no more than about 2% carbon by alloy weight will be present. An excess of carbon, sufficient to produce a C-2 or above rating per ASTM specification B-276 should be avoided also. Such an excess may reduce the desirable performance characteristic of the composition.
- This carbon performs several functions in the alloy. Most importantly, it may be utilized to avoid the formation of harmful double carbides of, for example, iron with the tungsten. Such double carbides are generally quite brittle and therefore also detract from important properties of the composition.
- the alloy of the binder matrix additionally contains manganese, desirably from about 5 to about 20% by weight.
- This metal component has been discovered to be especially advantageous in the foregoing alloys where they contain about 5 to about 30% by weight nickel.
- the present cemented carbide compositions may be employed in any necessary shape and prepared by standard cemented carbide manufacturing techniques.
- the separate alloy components generally in finely powdered form
- the admixture may then simply be pressed or molded into the desired shape.
- These steps are usually performed in the presence of a lubricant such as paraffin or polyethylene glycol which can subsequently be substantially removed.
- the molded components can be sintered by any standard carbide sintering technique known to one skilled in the art. Upon cooling, this yields an integral compact suitable for initial use.
- compositions containing manganese it is preferred to heat them in hydrogen or other reducing gas to the liquidus temperature of the binder and then complete the sintering in an inert or reducing gas. This is done to keep the loss of maganese from the composition to a minimum.
- strain-induced transformation is believed to cause the present composition to exhibit a hardened surface, which enhances the wear resistance, while retaining a tough core of austenitic alloy matrix to resist breaking.
- the requisite cold working (or strain hardening) for the partial alloy transformation will take place under the conditions of use of the cemented carbide composition in, for example, rock drilling.
- the presence of manganese in the subject alloys has an especially significant effect on this phenomenon.
- the manganese provides a highly desirable hardening transformation when the matrix binder is subjected to plastic deformation, such as that resulting from high applied stress. Work hardening is localized at the outer surface region of the composition, where the stress is applied. Consequently, the overall toughness of the product is maintained.
- tungsten carbide sample compositions were prepared containing from 84 to 85% by weight of tungsten carbide and 15 to 16% by weight of binder matrix. These samples contained differing alloy constituents. Their physical properties were determined and were compared with the standard commercial grades of tungsten carbide - cobalt binder (WC-Co). as follows :
- compositions X7503-86 and X7503-86A had relatively low nickel additions and relatively high carbon additions. These compositions had a fracture toughness (K IC ) which was inferior to that of comparable commercial grade WC-Co. i.e., Grade 55B and Grade 268.
- compositions X7503-86G and X7503-86H in which the nickel addition was in excess of 40% and the carbon was eliminated showed fracture toughness and abrasion resistance which were lower. Because abrasion resistance is equally as important as is fracture toughness to suitability of compositions for rock drilling, these compositions, even though equal or superior to commercial Grades 55B and 268 in fracture toughness, were inferior.
- Tungsten carbide sample compositions all consisting of 88% by weight of tungsten carbide and 12% by weight of binder matrix were prepared. Their physical properties were determined and were compared with designated standard commer cal grades of WC-Co compositions, as follows:
- compositions of this invention showed significant improvement in abrasive resistance and fraction toughness.
- combination of properties exhibited by those compositions having iron/nickel/manganese/ carbon alloy binders were particularly desirable are shown in Figure 2.
- a hardness profile was determined on inserts used for drilling rock for each of the following: These profils were obtaines by Tukon Microhardness tester using a knoop indentor and a 500 gram load. They are plotted as the graph of Figure 1.
- both samples of the present invention show bases for their substantial improvement over standard grades of cobalt-bound compositions.
- samples X7800-302G and X7800-301Aa exhibited the highest degree of work hardening. This localized surface superiority translated directly into improved wear resistance, particularly under high applied stress.
- compositions of the present invention exhibited relatively higher overall toughness than ones bound with a conventional cobalt matrix.
- Figure 2 also shows the superiority of various of the present compositions. There the relative fracture toughness and abrasion resistance for the sample and commercial compositions of Example II are depicted. It may be seen from FIG.2 that the properties of the present compositions are superior to those of conventional tungsten carbide-cobalt ones.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- This invention is concerned with cemented compositions and, more particularly, with cemented carbide compositions having unique characteristics and physical properties particularly suited for drilling and mining operations.
- Similar compositions are well known for their combinations of hardness, compressive strength and abrasion resistance. Because of these properties, as well as others, cemented carbide compositions are used extensively in industrial applications. Representative are cutting tools, drawing dies, wear parts, drills and other applications where hardness, compressive strength and abrasion resistance are of paramount importance.
- A representative and wide variety of these compositions, different physical forms in which they may be utilized and means of production are described in U.S. Patent No 3,384,465 and U.S. Patent No. 3,450,511. These compositions are primarily composed of refractory particles of, for example, tungsten carbide bound within a metallic matrix. Although cobalt is the most common metal for such matrix binders, many others have also been employed.
- It is known, for example, that various advantages may flow from the use of nickel and/or iron in these matrix binders. These metals have been substituted for some or all of the cobalt in selected compositions. Such substitutions are described in U.S. Patents No. 3,816,081, 3,372,066 and 3,746,519. There, alloys containing both nickel and iron are disclosed as being useful in matrix binders for tungsten and other such carbide particles.
- An important quality of a cemented carbide composition is its ability to resist the propagation of small cracks wich form in the composition surface. It is of particular importance in, for example, a rock drill where such cracks may form soon after it is put into service. The resistance to propagation of surface cracks is referred to as fracture toughness or, in more exact terms, critical stress intensity parameter, i.e., KIC . This property is best measured in a test where a natural crack can be started and stopped several times, in such manner that the energy required to propagate the crack can be accurately determined.
- Another quality of particular importance is resistance to high applied stress; a circumstance again encountered in rock drilling. The involved property of hardness directly affects wear resistance and therefore the longevity of use of articles made from these cemented compositions.
- Despite the wide spread use and investigation of such cemented compositions, substantial improvement in compositions useful in rock drilling has not been achieved. Where increases in one such property have been obtained, other important ones often including abrasion resistance and hardness have suffered. Thus compositions having the composite properties desired for this purpose have remained unavailable.
- Figure 1 is a graph reflecting the surface hardening as a result of simulated rock drilling of representative compositions of the prior art and present invention - as a function of distance from the composition surface. Figure 2 is a graph of fracture toughness versus abrasion resistance for some compositions of this invention as compared to prior art cobalt tungsten carbide compositions.
- The present invention is directed to improved cemented compositions and, more particularly, to cemented tungsten carbide compositions having particular utility for rock drilling and/or mining operations. These compositions solve many of the drawbacks of the prior art, including those already discussed above.
- The present compositions are composed generally of from about 80 to about 97% by weight of refractory particles of, for example, tungsten carbide. These particles are bound within from about 3 to about 20% by weight of a metallic matrix comprising an alloy of between about 5 and about 50% nickel, sufficient carbon to avoid the formation of detrimental carbon deficient or excess carbon phases and a balance of from about 95 to about 50% iron by weight. In a further improved embodiment these alloys additionally contain manganese.
- The major component of the present cemented compositions is its refractory particles. It is this component, generally present in about 80 to about 97% by total weight, which is primarily responsable for the abrasion resistance necessary for these compositions' utilities.
- Tungsten carbide generally constitutes at least 50%, and preferably from 70 to 100%, of these refractory particles. Its well known physical properties make it particularly suitable for this purpose. In addition, various other materials may be employed in conjunction with it. For specific applications, particles of titanium carbide, tantalum carbide and/or various other known refractories may be admixed with the particles of tungsten carbide. Most commonly, these secondary refractories are utilized in an amount less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, by total weight of particles.
- As known in the art, the carbide grain size may range widely. To provide the most desired combination of abrasion resistance and toughness, the carbide grain size may be from about one-half (½) to about 15 µ m or mixtures thereof.
- The matrix binder for the refractory particles of the present invention is a metallic alloy. It is this alloy which is responsible for maintaining the physical integrity of the composition. Because of the unique properties of the present alloys; a superior combination of fracture toughness and abrasion resistance can be achieved as compared to many of those of the prior art.
- The metallic alloy comprises and may consist eseentially of from about 5 to about 500% by weight nickel with the remainder or balance being from about 95 to about 50% by weight iron. Other metals such as cobalt, molybdenum, copper, chromium and others may be present also. Within the foregoing proportions, such alloys may provide substantial improvement of, in particular, the critical property of fracture toughness.
- In addition to the foregoing metallic components, the alloy should contain a sufficient amount of carbon to avoid the formation of carbon deficient phases. Generally, no more than about 2% carbon by alloy weight will be present. An excess of carbon, sufficient to produce a C-2 or above rating per ASTM specification B-276 should be avoided also. Such an excess may reduce the desirable performance characteristic of the composition.
- This carbon performs several functions in the alloy. Most importantly, it may be utilized to avoid the formation of harmful double carbides of, for example, iron with the tungsten. Such double carbides are generally quite brittle and therefore also detract from important properties of the composition.
- In a further embodiment of the present invention, the alloy of the binder matrix additionally contains manganese, desirably from about 5 to about 20% by weight. This metal component has been discovered to be especially advantageous in the foregoing alloys where they contain about 5 to about 30% by weight nickel.
- The present cemented carbide compositions may be employed in any necessary shape and prepared by standard cemented carbide manufacturing techniques. For convenience, the separate alloy components (generally in finely powdered form) are first mixed together, for example in a ball mill. The admixture may then simply be pressed or molded into the desired shape. These steps are usually performed in the presence of a lubricant such as paraffin or polyethylene glycol which can subsequently be substantially removed.
- Once in (or simultaneous with formation of) the desired shape, the molded components can be sintered by any standard carbide sintering technique known to one skilled in the art. Upon cooling, this yields an integral compact suitable for initial use.
- For those compositions containing manganese, it is preferred to heat them in hydrogen or other reducing gas to the liquidus temperature of the binder and then complete the sintering in an inert or reducing gas. This is done to keep the loss of maganese from the composition to a minimum.
- Many of the unique and desirable properties of the present invention are believed to arise from a strain-induced partial transformation of the austenitic matrix alloy to martensite. This occurs under a variety of circumstances, including high applied stress. In the case of Hertzian contact (similar to that experienced by compacts in rock drilling) the surface layer will partially transform to martensite while the interior portion will remain austenite.
- In accordance with the present invention, strain-induced transformation is believed to cause the present composition to exhibit a hardened surface, which enhances the wear resistance, while retaining a tough core of austenitic alloy matrix to resist breaking. The requisite cold working (or strain hardening) for the partial alloy transformation will take place under the conditions of use of the cemented carbide composition in, for example, rock drilling.
- The presence of manganese in the subject alloys has an especially significant effect on this phenomenon. The manganese provides a highly desirable hardening transformation when the matrix binder is subjected to plastic deformation, such as that resulting from high applied stress. Work hardening is localized at the outer surface region of the composition, where the stress is applied. Consequently, the overall toughness of the product is maintained.
- The invention of this application will be more fully described and better understood from the following examples and comparative results.
- Various tungsten carbide sample compositions were prepared containing from 84 to 85% by weight of tungsten carbide and 15 to 16% by weight of binder matrix. These samples contained differing alloy constituents. Their physical properties were determined and were compared with the standard commercial grades of tungsten carbide - cobalt binder (WC-Co). as follows :
- Compositions X7503-86 and X7503-86A had relatively low nickel additions and relatively high carbon additions. These compositions had a fracture toughness (KIC) which was inferior to that of comparable commercial grade WC-Co. i.e.,
Grade 55B and Grade 268. - Compositions X7503-86B, X7503-86E, X7503-86F and X7503-86J, in which the nickel addition was from 30 to 40% and the carbon addition was 0.5%, showed a substantial increase in fracture toughness without significant decrease in abrasion resistance.
- Compositions X7503-86G and X7503-86H, in which the nickel addition was in excess of 40% and the carbon was eliminated showed fracture toughness and abrasion resistance which were lower. Because abrasion resistance is equally as important as is fracture toughness to suitability of compositions for rock drilling, these compositions, even though equal or superior to
commercial Grades 55B and 268 in fracture toughness, were inferior. -
- All compositions of this invention showed significant improvement in abrasive resistance and fraction toughness. Thus the combination of properties exhibited by those compositions having iron/nickel/manganese/ carbon alloy binders were particularly desirable are shown in Figure 2.
-
- As depicted in Figure 1, both samples of the present invention show bases for their substantial improvement over standard grades of cobalt-bound compositions. At the composition surfaces, samples X7800-302G and X7800-301Aa exhibited the highest degree of work hardening. This localized surface superiority translated directly into improved wear resistance, particularly under high applied stress.
- That surface superiority was combined with a rapid and substantial decrease in hardness with distance from the compositions surface. Thus, they also displayed higher degrees of localization of hardness superiority. This in turn permits the retention of internal toughness. Consequently, the compositions of the present invention exhibited relatively higher overall toughness than ones bound with a conventional cobalt matrix.
- Figure 2 also shows the superiority of various of the present compositions. There the relative fracture toughness and abrasion resistance for the sample and commercial compositions of Example II are depicted. It may be seen from FIG.2 that the properties of the present compositions are superior to those of conventional tungsten carbide-cobalt ones.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA00818744A ZA818744B (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1981-12-17 | Cemented carbide compositions |
AU78731/81A AU553700B2 (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1981-12-22 | Cemented carbide compositions |
JP56208256A JPS58110655A (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1981-12-24 | Super hard alloy composition and manufacture |
EP82100684A EP0085125B1 (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1982-02-01 | Cemented carbide compositions and process for making such compositions |
DE8282100684T DE3272955D1 (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1982-02-01 | Cemented carbide compositions and process for making such compositions |
AT82100684T ATE21939T1 (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1982-02-01 | BONDED CARBIDE MIXTURES AND THEIR PRODUCTION PROCESSES. |
CA000397737A CA1194893A (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1982-03-05 | Cemented carbide compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP82100684A EP0085125B1 (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1982-02-01 | Cemented carbide compositions and process for making such compositions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0085125A1 true EP0085125A1 (en) | 1983-08-10 |
EP0085125B1 EP0085125B1 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82100684A Expired EP0085125B1 (en) | 1982-02-01 | 1982-02-01 | Cemented carbide compositions and process for making such compositions |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0085125B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58110655A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE21939T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU553700B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1194893A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3272955D1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA818744B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002052054A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Seco Tools Ab | Coated cutting tool insert with iron-nickel based binder phase |
EP1453627A2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-09-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Consolidated hard materials, methods of manufacture, and applications |
EP1548137A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-29 | CERATIZIT Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Use of a hard metal for tools |
US8323372B1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2012-12-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Low coefficient of thermal expansion cermet compositions |
AT522605A1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-12-15 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg | Carbide insert |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5913095A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-06-15 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image forming apparatus |
WO2018025848A1 (en) | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-08 | 日立金属株式会社 | Cemented carbide, method for producing same and rolling mill roll |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1813533B1 (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1970-10-15 | Chromalloy American Co | Work hardenable, heat-resistant tool steel and its use for use in impact and slotting tools |
US3698878A (en) * | 1969-12-29 | 1972-10-17 | Gen Electric | Sintered tungsten carbide-base alloys |
FR2215482A1 (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1974-08-23 | Gen Electric | |
DE2718594A1 (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-11-03 | Ford Werke Ag | ABRASION-RESISTANT TUNGSTEN CARBIDE BONDED WITH IRON-NICKEL |
EP0023095A1 (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-28 | National Research Development Corporation | Tungsten carbide-based hard metals |
-
1981
- 1981-12-17 ZA ZA00818744A patent/ZA818744B/en unknown
- 1981-12-22 AU AU78731/81A patent/AU553700B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-12-24 JP JP56208256A patent/JPS58110655A/en active Pending
-
1982
- 1982-02-01 EP EP82100684A patent/EP0085125B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-01 AT AT82100684T patent/ATE21939T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-01 DE DE8282100684T patent/DE3272955D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-05 CA CA000397737A patent/CA1194893A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1813533B1 (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1970-10-15 | Chromalloy American Co | Work hardenable, heat-resistant tool steel and its use for use in impact and slotting tools |
US3698878A (en) * | 1969-12-29 | 1972-10-17 | Gen Electric | Sintered tungsten carbide-base alloys |
FR2215482A1 (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1974-08-23 | Gen Electric | |
DE2718594A1 (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-11-03 | Ford Werke Ag | ABRASION-RESISTANT TUNGSTEN CARBIDE BONDED WITH IRON-NICKEL |
EP0023095A1 (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-28 | National Research Development Corporation | Tungsten carbide-based hard metals |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8323372B1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2012-12-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Low coefficient of thermal expansion cermet compositions |
US8956438B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2015-02-17 | Smith International, Inc. | Low coefficient of thermal expansion cermet compositions |
WO2002052054A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Seco Tools Ab | Coated cutting tool insert with iron-nickel based binder phase |
US6666288B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2003-12-23 | Seco Tools Ab | Coated cutting tool insert with iron-nickel based binder phase |
CZ305378B6 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2015-08-26 | Seco Tools Ab | Cutting tool insert comprising hard metal substrate and coating |
EP1453627A2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-09-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Consolidated hard materials, methods of manufacture, and applications |
EP1453627A4 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2006-04-12 | Baker Hughes Inc | Consolidated hard materials, methods of manufacture, and applications |
EP1548137A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-29 | CERATIZIT Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Use of a hard metal for tools |
AT522605A1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-12-15 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg | Carbide insert |
AT522605B1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-02-15 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg | Carbide insert |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1194893A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
AU553700B2 (en) | 1986-07-24 |
EP0085125B1 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
JPS58110655A (en) | 1983-07-01 |
ZA818744B (en) | 1982-12-30 |
AU7873181A (en) | 1983-06-30 |
ATE21939T1 (en) | 1986-09-15 |
DE3272955D1 (en) | 1986-10-09 |
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