EP0082729A2 - Umkreissicherheitssystem - Google Patents

Umkreissicherheitssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082729A2
EP0082729A2 EP82306873A EP82306873A EP0082729A2 EP 0082729 A2 EP0082729 A2 EP 0082729A2 EP 82306873 A EP82306873 A EP 82306873A EP 82306873 A EP82306873 A EP 82306873A EP 0082729 A2 EP0082729 A2 EP 0082729A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
housing
detector
structural
signal
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Withdrawn
Application number
EP82306873A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0082729A3 (de
Inventor
David R. Scott
Thomas S. Rhoades
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0082729A2 publication Critical patent/EP0082729A2/de
Publication of EP0082729A3 publication Critical patent/EP0082729A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/10—Mechanical actuation by pressure on floors, floor coverings, stair treads, counters, or tills

Definitions

  • This invention relates to perimeter security systems for locating and characterising the source of attempted and/or actual penetration of the security perimeters of relatively large geographical areas; more particularly, the invention relates to such systems employing structural moment detectors.
  • the R ossire patent discloses an aircraft attitude control system.in which a structural moment detector is used to sense wing loading and automatically adjust the attitude of the aircraft to maintain wing loading within safe operational limits.
  • the systems of the invention can employ substantailly conventional structural moment detectors, the output of which is simply raw data which does not directly indicate or give useful information concerning the effect of forces acting on a structure to which the sensor is attached.
  • the raw data from the sensors is conditioned and processed by external electronics, including microprocessors and computational software, usually necessarily located at locations remote from the sensors themselves.
  • the systems of the invention can employ structural information detectors in which the raw signal from the optical sensor of an optical structural moment detector is converted and processed within a unitary device (either a single-piece device or a multi-component device in which each of the components is assembled to form an integral unit) such that the electrical signal output of the device has a directly useful information content which can be displayed or recorded by any conventional means or which can be directly utilized to activate control systems.
  • a unitary device either a single-piece device or a multi-component device in which each of the components is assembled to form an integral unit
  • surface coordinate vector as used herein is intended to mean both the normal and the tangent to the surface of a structure and any angle therebetween.
  • structural moment detector means a device which measures the integral of the structure moment between two points on the structure. Such devices are known in the art, but, for clarity, a typical structural moment detector will be briefly described with reference to Figs. 1-3 and the accompanying descriptive material.
  • the structural moment detector shown in Figure 1 is basically an autocollimator that is insensitive to linear dynamic motions but responds to angular deflection of one end of the sensor with respect to the other.
  • the structural moment detector illustrated consists of two separate parts which are mounted at spaced locations on a beam 10.
  • One of the parts 11 is a support bracket 12 which carries a light-emitting diode (LED) 13, a collimating lens 14 and dual photovoltaic detectors 15.
  • the other part 16 of the structural moment detector consists of a support bracket 1 7 which carries a plane front mirror 18.
  • the two parts 11 and 16 are suitably joined by a bellows or other hood member (omitted for clarity of illustration) to exclude extraneous light.
  • the LED 13 emits an infrared light beam 19 which is collimated by the collimating lens 14.
  • the collimated light beam 19a impinges on the mirror 18 and, as indicated by the dashed lines 10, is reflected back through the collimating lens 14 to the photovoltaic cells 15.
  • Angular motions, but not linear motions, of the mirror 18 result in varying amounts of infrared radiation reaching each of the photovoltaic cells 15.
  • the difference in voltage output of the photovoltaic.cells 15 is then proportional to the angular motion of the mirror 18 with respect to the cells 15.
  • Structural moment detectors of the Figure 1 form are capable of measurinq the deflection of the beam with a resolution of 1 milliarc second (4.85 x 10 radians) with a range of +6 arc seconds. Where such accuracy is not required, such devices can be fabricated which have a resolution of at least 1 arc second with a dynamic range of +3°. Such devices are capable of operating from DC to 50 MHz, the upper limit being established by the frequency limitation of the photovoltaic cells.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a suitable LED driver circuit which is a simple constant current source circuit which is required to provide a light source with constant light intensity.
  • Fig. 3 depicts an analog output circuit consisting of a first stage amplifier with common mode rejection that permits linear operation of the photovoltaic cells.
  • the operation of the structural moment detector can be illustrated by reference to a simplified example of a cantilevered beam which is loaded and the structural moment detector is mounted at points a and b located near the supported end of the cantilevered beam. If the deflection of the beam is measured as 6, the angle between surface tangents at points a and b, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cells is proportional to this angle, and according to the Area Moment Theorem where
  • the general system of the invention is schematically illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the structural behaviour 41 which is effected by the forces acting on the structure, are sensed by an array 42 of structural moment detectors (SMD's), located on the structure.
  • SMD's 42 are located on the structure so as to provide primary electronic signals 43 which are proportional to the structural behaviour parameter of interest.
  • the primary electronic signals 43 from the SMD array 42 are fed to signal processing and buffering equipment 44, which includes electronic circuitry which modifies the information content of the primary siqnals 43 (e.g., rejection of background noise, rejection of signal components induced by other forces, etc.) and which electrically isolate the sensors from the remainder of the system.
  • the processed signals 45 are then transmitted to analog- to-digital converters 46 which convert the analog information in the processed signals 45 to a digital format compatible with various digital processors, recorders, editors and/or display units.
  • the digital signals 47 are then transmitted to a data processor 48 which will usually be a single-frame computer which is capable of accepting digital data and manipulating it in a predetermined, programmable fashion, in order to convert the digitized measurement information into a digital representation of the desired system data.
  • the digital representation data 49 is optionally transmitted to data recording/editing equipment 50 which may provide for permanent recording of all or part of the acquired data for later use and which may, additionally, provide manual editing capability.
  • the recorded and/or edited data 51 may optionally be transmitted to data display equipment 52 which provides visual display of the acquired data and, additionally, may provide for the predetermined alteration of the means by which the data processing equipment 48 is transforming acquired data or the manner in which. data is digitized, recorded, edited and/or displayed.
  • Feedback loops 53 may be optionally provided, through which the information at one stage is fed backwardly and/or forwardly to another stage of the system to provide improved accuracy, estimation, prediction or other similar functions. These feedback paths may be electrical, optical, mechanical and/or may involve human interpretations and adjustments.
  • systems are provided for detecting, warning of and characterising the source of intrusions of the security perimeters of relatively large geographical areas.
  • the extreme sensitivity of the SMD provides a seismic detector and the invention incorporates such a detector into a system which is capable of providing information on type, number, location, and movement of enemy forces.
  • the SMD is mounted on a diaphragm and used as a geophone.
  • the sensitivity of the SMD coupled with the variable design parameters (material, thickness, size, mounting technique) of the diaphragm produce a geophone of remarkable performance.
  • any motion near the sensor produces a characteristic vibration signature.
  • the existence of the signal is used to indicate movement and the frequency content is analyzed to provide information about the source. Using triangulation techniques and/or proximity to various sensors, the location and direction of movement can be determined.
  • Figure 5 depicts a perimeter security system utilising the Figure 4 monitoring system.
  • the perimeter security system can be utilised to protect large geographical areas such as private estates, industrial plants, oilfields, airfields, communications installations and, in fact, any geographical area which is required to be protected against unauthorised entry.
  • the perimeter security system functions to warn against unauthorised entry into the secure area 510 and, further, to give preliminary warnings of unauthorised entry or activity within a so-called "sterile area" 511 and entry or activity in a close approach area 512.
  • a plurality of SMD's 401 arte buried inthe ground at spaced locations outside the close approach area 512.
  • Other SMD's 402 are buried in the ground within the sterile area 511 and additional SMD's 403 are located on the posts of a fence 510A around the sterile area.
  • the SMD's 401, 402 and 403 are linked by appropriate cables 404 to one or more command centres 405, located within the secure area 510, which houses the required electronics, microprocessors, software, etc.
  • the unauthorised entry or activity can be identified and located as being within any one of a plurality of perimeter zones 406 which are segments of the perimeters of the secure area 510, sterile area 511 and close approach area 512.
  • the perimeter security system of the invention provides for identification or characterisation of the entrant or activity, location of the penetration and of approach to the security perimeters as well as providing a system for communication among the various areas of interest.
  • the perimeter security system may be applied to protect areas having widely varying geographical conditions such as deserts, swamps, urban areas and the like, with low level maintenance and operating costs and capabilities.
  • the components of the systems may be easily transported to remote sites across rough terrain and the system has very low system- originated disturbance false alarms and system failure false alarms.
  • Unauthorised entry of activity within the close approach area 512 initiates a warning signal at the control centre 405 and entry into the sterile or secure area initiates appropriate responses such as activation of specific security systems, dispatch of guard forces, etc.
  • the close approach area will typically be located between 5-50 feet from the perimeter of the secure area and the sterile area will be approximately 5-10 feet wide depending on the specific characteristics of the secure area.
  • the zone segments may vary from 75 to 1,000 feet.
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the major sub-components of a structural information detector suitable for use in the sytems described hereinbefore.
  • the structural information detector generally indicated by the reference numeral 410, is depicted for purposes of illustration as being mounted upon a simple cantilevered beam 411 and consists of a housing 412, an optical sensor 413 , sensor power supply 414, raw signal conversion circuitry 414c and signal-processing electronics, including a microprocessor and appropriate software 415.
  • the optical sensor 413 for example, a structural moment detector of the type generally disclosed in U.S.
  • patent 4,287,511 (sometimes also known as a "flexural rigidity sensor”) measures, as indicated by the dashed line 413a, the relative orientation of surface coordinate vectors which are, as illustratively depicted in Fig. 6, normals 416 to the surface 4 11a of the beam 411. If a force F (417) is applied in the direction of the arrow 417a to the beam 411, resultant bending of the beam 411 will cause a change in the relative orientation of the surface coordinate vectors 416 to the positions indicated by the dashed lines 416a, i.e., from the angular orientation 418 ⁇ 1 (shown in Fig.
  • angular orientation 418a 82 which (as illustratively depicted in Fig. 6) is greater than ⁇ 1.
  • Power 419 from an external power source 419a is supplied to the circuitry 414 which, as explained below, provides a regulated power supply 414a to the optical sensor 413.
  • the raw data 413b from the optical sensor 413 which could be a variable voltage or a variable current, is supplied to the raw signal conversation portion of the circuitry 414, which converts the raw data, as will be further explained below, to a form which is the input 414b to the signal and data-processing electronics and software 415, which processes the converted signal 41 4b and provides, as the output 415a of the structural information detector 410, a signal which embodies useful structural information 420 which directly indicates the effect of the force F acting on the beam 411.
  • the useful structural information 420 can be utilised in any or all of a variety of ways, i.e., it can be used as the input to a direct display 520b which may be a simple galvanometric meter, liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, cathode ray tube or the like. Also or alternatively, the useful structural information 420 can be used qas the input to a semi-permanent or perment recording device 420c, such as a paper recorder, magnetic recorder, semiconductor storage device, bubble memory storage device, or holographic storage device. Also or alternatively, the useful sturctural information 420 can form the input to various control devices 420d such as servomotors and other similar electromechanical devices.
  • a direct display 520b which may be a simple galvanometric meter, liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, cathode ray tube or the like.
  • the useful structural information 420 can be used qas the input to a semi-perman
  • the second function is to amplify the proportional voltage signal from the voltage follower circuit 421 by feeding it through a gain control 422 into an amplifier which, for purposes of clarity of description, are those components located within the dashed line 423.
  • the voltage follower circuit 421 operates as a short circuit load for the photovoltaic cells of the optical sensor. Feedback is added in the amplifier circuit 423 to shape the upper end of the frequency response so that spurious high frequency noiseis attenuated.
  • This function is performed by applying the output of IC1 (pin 7) to the input (pin 6) of IC2 through a voltage divider formed by R7-R8. IC2 acts as a low-pass filter. The output of IC2 (pin 7) is fed back through R16 to the input 3 of IC1 to act as an automatic bias adjustment. An offset voltage adjustment is provided to remove any bias due to photocell mismatch.
  • the gain control 4?2 provides a means of balancing the mechanical gain of different sensors and compensating for components variation.
  • the nominal adjustment range is +15%.
  • the amplifier 423 is a high cain direct- coupled amplifier with feedback to further attenuate high frequency noise levels. Nominal gain is 1.5 volts/ microamp and the bandwidth is normally initially set at 50-500 Hz.
  • A2 is a variable cut-off low-pass filter. If the DC case is considered, its output will seek a level such that the voltage presented to pin 3 of Al is equal to that presented to pin 2 by the voltage follower circuit.
  • the scaling of the system is such that where V int is the integrator output, V in is the first stage and U null is the input to A1, pin 2.
  • V int represents a scaled value equal to or greater than V in independent of the gain in the second stage of the amplifier.
  • Support and bias circuits which include the components which are, for clarity of illustration, enclosed within the dashed line 424 are provided to provide conditioned power and bias voltages for the components of the voltage follower 421 and amplifier 423.
  • the output 426 of the amplifier 423 is an analog signal which is converted to a digital signal in the A-D converter 422a.
  • a non-limiting, illustrative, exmaple of a suitable analog-digital converter is manufactured by the U.S. firm Analog Devices under number HAS1202.
  • the signal-processing electronics also includes a microprocessor 425 and appropriate computational software which converts the output signal 422b of the A-D converter 422a into electrical signals 420 which directly p l ovide data related to the effect of the force acting on the structure to which the structural information detector is attached.
  • this component includes a microprocessor, the necessary supporting devices and a power. supply, details of which are omitted for purposes of clarity because they are well-known to those skilled in the art. Suitable non-limiting examples of microprocessors which can be employed are the TI9000 or the Intel 8086.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 may be fabricated on a printed circuit board using standard integrated circuits or on a single thick film substrate where the circuits have been wire bonded to the substrate. In the embodiment of the detector described in connection with Fig. 10, these components may be made as a single integrated circuit on the same semiconductor substrate chip used in fabricating the optical sensor.
  • Another function of the signal-processing electronics is to provide a precise current to the light emitting diode of the optical sensor.
  • the power supply circuitry has been separated from the circuitry of Fig.7 and is shown schematically in Fig. 8.
  • the 15 volt power supply 431 is provided by the support and bias circuitry 424 of Fig. 7.
  • the power supply circuitry of Fig. 8 utilises two amplifiers in a high gain feedback arrangement to provide the necessary precise current 432 to the light emitting diode.
  • Fig.9 is a sectional view illustrating a particular form of structural information detector which consists of a first housing sub-assembly generally indicated by reference character 440 containing the sensor power supply/raw signal conversion/ signal-processing electronics 441 of Figs. 7 and 8 , a light emitting diode 442, a pair of photovoltaic detectors 443 and a collimating lens 444 carried proximate the open end of a barrel portion 445 formed in the housing 440.
  • a second housing sub-assembly generally indicated by reference numeral 446, carries a plane surface mirror 447 on the inner end 448 of a mating barrel portion 449 formed in the housing sub-assembly 446.
  • the mating barrel portion 449 formed in the second housing sub-assembly 446 is shaped and dimensioned to receive the barrel portion 445 formed in the first housing sub-assembly 440 with an interference fit therebetween, to form a unitary structurally integrated device which excludes ambient light from the interior of the barrel portions 445 and 449 and which facilitates and assists in maintaining precise optical alignment of the two sub-assemblies.
  • Structural information detectors of the type depicted in Fig. 9 have been successfully manufactured and tested which are in the size range of as small as one inch in the major dimension. Present work indicates that, eventually, this can be reduced to 1/4-1/8" in the major dimension.
  • F ig. 10 illustrates another form of structural information detector in which all of its components are carried by any suitable semiconductor substrate, such as a silicon chip 451.
  • the generally U-shaped chip 451 carries the light emitting diode 452 on an inner face 453 of one of the legs of the U-shaped chip and leads 454 for providing power to the light emitting diode.
  • a pair of photovoltaic cells 455 are grown by known semiconductor manufacturing techniques on the inner face 456 of the opposing leg of the U -shaped chip 451. Bending of the chip 451 induced by bending of a structural member to which it is attached by any suitable technique, such as epoxy bonding, causes a variation in the light falling on the photocells 455, depending on the relative orientation of surface coordinate vectors (normals) 456.
  • circuitry of Figs. 7 and 8 is formed by known semiconductor manufacturing techniques in the portion 457 of the silicon chip 451.
  • the entire chip is then received within a suitable housing indicated by the dashed lines 458 to protect the internal components from adverse ambient environmental effects and to prevent stray light from interfering with the operation of the optical components 452 and 455.
  • devices such as those depicted in F ig. 10 can be manufactured in a size as small as 1/4-1/8" in the major dimension.
  • the components of the optical sensor 410 are carried by an elongate light transmission member, generally indicated by reference character 461, formed of a light-transmitting flexible material such as, for example, methacrylate polymers and copolymers known in the art.
  • a concentrating lens 462 is formed in one end of the light-transmission member 61 and the other end 463 carries a light source 464 such as a LED and a pair of photocells 465 which generate electrical signals indicating the relative orientation of surface vector coordinates (normals) 466 to the surface of a structural member upon which the structural information detector is mounted.
  • the length of the light-transmission path 467 can be lengthened by cutting or forming facets 468 in the external surfaces of the elongate light-transmitting member which will reflect light beams 468 transmitted from the LED to the concentrating lens 462 and which are then reflected 469 to the photocells 465.
  • the entire optics system illustrated in Fig. 11, along with the sensor power supply/raw signal conversion/signal- processing electronics components of the structural information detector of Fig. 6, are then enclosed in a suitable housing to protect the optics and electronics components from adverse ambient conditions and from interference caused by stray light.
  • the housing is omitted in Fig. 11 for purposes of clarity.
  • the Figure 11 optics system can be employed as a simple structural moment detector.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
EP82306873A 1981-12-23 1982-12-22 Umkreissicherheitssystem Withdrawn EP0082729A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33374781A 1981-12-23 1981-12-23
US333747 1981-12-23

Publications (2)

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EP0082729A2 true EP0082729A2 (de) 1983-06-29
EP0082729A3 EP0082729A3 (de) 1985-10-30

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EP82306873A Withdrawn EP0082729A3 (de) 1981-12-23 1982-12-22 Umkreissicherheitssystem

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EP (1) EP0082729A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS58163094A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0240456A2 (de) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-07 LEV ADVANCED DETECTION SYSTEMS Ltd. System zur Überwachung des Eindringens in einen geschützten Bereich
RU184012U1 (ru) * 2017-12-12 2018-10-11 Федеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Калининградский пограничный институт Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации" Устройство распознавания движущихся объектов по сейсмическому сигналу
RU2695415C2 (ru) * 2015-09-08 2019-07-23 Владимир Викторович Хопов Способ определения степени и места возмущения зонной волоконно-оптической системы охраны объектов и устройство для его реализации
RU2769085C1 (ru) * 2021-06-10 2022-03-28 Федеральное Государственное Казенное Военное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Военный Учебно-Научный Центр Сухопутных Войск "Общевойсковая Ордена Жукова Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации" Система постановки помех наземной сейсмической разведке по периметру функционирующего военного объекта и способ ее осуществления

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3806908A (en) * 1972-03-23 1974-04-23 Texas Instruments Inc Perimeter intrusion detection system
EP0027738A2 (de) * 1979-10-22 1981-04-29 Securitas International Products Limited Einbruch-Alarmsystem

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3806908A (en) * 1972-03-23 1974-04-23 Texas Instruments Inc Perimeter intrusion detection system
EP0027738A2 (de) * 1979-10-22 1981-04-29 Securitas International Products Limited Einbruch-Alarmsystem

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0240456A2 (de) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-07 LEV ADVANCED DETECTION SYSTEMS Ltd. System zur Überwachung des Eindringens in einen geschützten Bereich
EP0240456A3 (de) * 1986-03-31 1989-07-19 LEV ADVANCED DETECTION SYSTEMS Ltd. System zur Überwachung des Eindringens in einen geschützten Bereich
RU2695415C2 (ru) * 2015-09-08 2019-07-23 Владимир Викторович Хопов Способ определения степени и места возмущения зонной волоконно-оптической системы охраны объектов и устройство для его реализации
RU184012U1 (ru) * 2017-12-12 2018-10-11 Федеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Калининградский пограничный институт Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации" Устройство распознавания движущихся объектов по сейсмическому сигналу
RU2769085C1 (ru) * 2021-06-10 2022-03-28 Федеральное Государственное Казенное Военное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Военный Учебно-Научный Центр Сухопутных Войск "Общевойсковая Ордена Жукова Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации" Система постановки помех наземной сейсмической разведке по периметру функционирующего военного объекта и способ ее осуществления

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0082729A3 (de) 1985-10-30
JPS58163094A (ja) 1983-09-27

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