EP0080980A1 - Composante de bâtiment modulaire pour la construction de bâtiments et procédé et machine pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Composante de bâtiment modulaire pour la construction de bâtiments et procédé et machine pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080980A1
EP0080980A1 EP82830289A EP82830289A EP0080980A1 EP 0080980 A1 EP0080980 A1 EP 0080980A1 EP 82830289 A EP82830289 A EP 82830289A EP 82830289 A EP82830289 A EP 82830289A EP 0080980 A1 EP0080980 A1 EP 0080980A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor
axis
longitudinal wall
component
formation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP82830289A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Francesco Ruscica
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0080980A1 publication Critical patent/EP0080980A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/22—Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4114—Elements with sockets
    • E04B1/4121—Elements with sockets with internal threads or non-adjustable captive nuts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process and a machine for manufacturing pre-equipped modular building components for the construction of buildings, as well as the components so produced.
  • the building components manufactured through the method and the machine according to the invention allow the construction of buildings through assembly of the components themselves through elements of connection incorporated therein, without the necessity of having to construct the skeleton of the building in the field and of later carrying out, still in the field, the operations for the formation of the rooms.
  • the construction of the components for the building takes place completely in the factory, including the accessory parts such as the fixtures, plumbing work, electric and telephone wiring and the actual raising of the building in the field requires only mounting of the components in a minimum amount of time and with a minimum number of labour out of the factory.
  • the new system based on this invention allows to manufacture the said components with a production accuracy never obtained so far with the current techniques, so that it may be stated that the building, though with an extremely great flexibility of design and variety of shapes, is manufactured in the factory following a method and working organization similar to that followed for the series manufacturing, in line, of articles of totally different type and of typically mechanical nature, such as, for example, automobiles.
  • the prior art has employed several different prefabrication systems in the construction of buildings.
  • the prefabrication systems according to the prior art generally involve the construction in the factory of wall panels or other particular parts of the building, or also the construction in the factory of parts of small buildings which are later assembled in the field.
  • the system of construction of buildings by means of use of components according to this invention allows the construction in the factory of the entire structure of the building through a type of manufacturing process in the factory which requires an accuracy of the order of the millimetre and does not display limitations, if not of practical order and of design, as far as the dimension of the building to be constructed is concerned.
  • pre-equipped tridimensional modular construction components stands for components for the construction of buildings which are ready to be assembled in the field, equipped with channels and cavities for the assembly of the telephone and electric wiring as well as of the plumbing for hydrosanitary facilities, for heating air- conditioning and the like.
  • the components are furthermore provided with window and door openings necessary for the mounting of fixtures for windows and doors.
  • Said components are also pre-equipped with flooring and outside wall covering.
  • the component according to the invention is formed by a single piece comprising a floor element, two side wall elements and one longitudinal wall element, which latter may be above and below the floor or on both sides of same.
  • the component is sized according to a modular concept: given a certain modular unit, which by way of example could be of 90 cm, the width, the length and height of the component are multiples of said modular unit.
  • the height of the component above the floor is equal to a modular unit, while the height of the component below the floor is equal to two modular units.
  • the width of the component may vary from one to more modular units, preferably from one to three units, while it is preferred to maintain the length unchanged which may be, for example, of seven modular units.
  • the surfaces of the walls facing the floor are smooth, while the surfaces of the side walls facing opposite each other display shapings, which in the assembly back to back of the walls of two components, form vertical cavities. Both surfaces of the longitudinal wall are smooth and the wall may be solid, or display vertical cavities.
  • the floor displays a longitudinal cavity for each modular unit in width as well as two cavities parallel to the side walls, in communication with said longitudinal cavities.
  • Each building component is provided, on the inside of the thickness of the side walls and in coincidence of the end of eacn modular unit, with connecting elements which cross said walls from top to bottom, formed by a solid metal bar having, in coincidence with the edge of said side walls, a connecting plate.
  • the connection between components which are adjacent or one over the other, takes place through welding of the respective connecting plates, so as to form a rigid structure, through said connecting elements.
  • the material in which said components are made is a material which may be casted in the cavity of a mold and which becomes solid in said cavity, thus yielding a monolytic block.
  • the material comprises a reinforcement of steel bars, wires or net.
  • a preferred material is concrete, so that the component actually is formed in reinforced concrete.
  • the casting of the hardening material up to a conglomerate is carried out in a cavity formed by form portions arranged in such a way that the floor of the component is in a vertical plane, in contrast with the position that the floor takes up in the component to be assembled, which is in a horizontal position.
  • the process according to the invention contemplates to carry out the form disassembly from the component, separating first the form portions from the surfaces of the side walls through a translation movement directed substantially according to the bisector of the three dihedral angles formed by the intersection of one side wall, of the longitudinal wall and of the floor.
  • Form disassembly is later carried out of the inside surface of the longitudinal wall, as well as the surface of the floor, through a translation movement of the form portions according to the bisector of the dihedral angle formed by said wall and said floor.
  • the machine which is the object of this invention is formed by a number of movable elements which make up the form for carrying out the casting of the component.
  • Said machine allows, in the movement of its elements, to obtain all the shape variations of the components claimed in the present invention. .
  • the machine developped in height over three planes, essentially comprises two inner form frames movable vertically between the bottom plane and the base plane, two outer form frames movable horizontally on the base plane, a supporting deck movable vertically above the base plane, a carriage which rests on the supporting deck and is movable horizontally on the base plane, on which the finished component rests and which serves the purpose of providing transportation for same out of the machine, two elevators movable vertically above the base plane and each bearing a carrier for the cores of the longitudinal wall and a carrier for the upper form frame, a group of form frame for the upper edges opposed to the carriage, movable horizontally on the upper plane of the machine, and a box carrier group movable horizontally on the upper plane of the machine, which goes into operation when window and door spaces are to be created in the longitudinal wall, as well as the equipment necessary for the casting of the hardening material up to the achievement of a conglomerate.
  • the structure of the machine is supported on four pillars, the bases of which rest on the bottom plane and which also form the guides for the elements which move in the vertical direction.
  • the inner form frames are supported in fact by beams, the ends of which slide on said pillars.
  • the elevators also slide guided by said pillars.
  • the carriage which carries the surface of the form frame for the formation of the lower edges of the component (in the arrangement of the component rotated by 90° with respect to its normal position) is equipped, on the outside of the machine, with the reinforcement including the connecting elements.
  • the elements of the machine are arranged in the following manner: the beams which carry the inner form frames are lowered on the bottom, so that said inner form frames are beneath the base plane-
  • the supporting deck, provided with tracks in order to accept the carriage, is brought with said tracks at the level of the base plane; the outer form frames, the elevator and the carriages carried on the upper plane of the machine are maintained away from their working position.
  • the carriage with the reinforcement is caused to slide on tracks and brought above the supporting deck on the inside of the machine.
  • the inner form frames are raised and their form portions are brought in working position with respect to the carriage.
  • Similarily the outer form frames are brought into working position with respect to the carriage and with respect to the inner form frames, inserting at their place the cores carried by said outer form frames for the formation of the cavities in the floor.
  • the elevator with its core carrying carriage and the upper form frame, and, if the case, the box carrying carriage are also brought into working position.
  • the upper carriage is used which carries the form portion for the upper edges of the component.
  • the casting is then carried out, preferably by use of means which cause the whole machine to vibrate and possibly using a heating system for the form portions and when the material has hardened into a conglomerate, the form disassembly of the finished component begins.
  • the form disassembly is made starting from the inner form frames for the surfaces of the side walls, which are moved away from the finished piece through a translating movement according to the bisector of the dihedral angle, as previously stated with reference to the process according to the invention.
  • the form frames are then moved away from the surfaces of the floor and from the inner surface of the longitudinal wall, through a movement according to the bisector of the dihedral angle formed thereby, as previously stated with reference to the process according to the invention.
  • the groups which form said inner form frames are then again lowered beneath the base plane. All the other form frames are then moved away and the carriage which carries thereon the finished piece, is brought outside of the machine and sent, possibly, to an oven for conditioning of the component, which is later equipped with finishings and the electric and plumbing parts.
  • a component according to the invention comprises, in one single solid piece, a floor element 1, two side walls 2, 3 and a longitudinal wall 4, which may also be absent.
  • the component displays a geometrical appearance clearly defined and easily visible in the figures. lbwever, as we are speaking of a tridimensional object, a reference to its parts and its surfaces could result difficult to understand. Therefore, throughout the whole description, in the drawings and in the claims reference will be made to the directions defined by the axes X, Y Z indicated in the figures 2 and 3. In the normal position of the component, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the axes X and Z are axes which lie in a horizontal plane, while axis Y indicates the vertical direction.
  • the position of the component is instead rotated by 90° around the X axis, whereby on the inside of the machine the axes X and Y lie in a horizontal plane and the axis Z represents the vertical direction. It is therefore intended that the directions of the axes X, Y, Z are integral with the component, as shown in figure 2 and this orientation of the axes is maintained coherently throughout the whole description, in the drawings and in the claims.
  • width its extension in the direction of the Z axis or transversal direction
  • length its extension in the direction of the X axis or longitudinal direction
  • height its extension in the direction of the Y axis or vertical direction.
  • the component is dimensioned according to a modular concept.
  • the width of the component may be of one or more such modular units, while the length will always be a multiple of such modular units.
  • the width will be from one to three modular units, while the length will preferably be of six or seven modular units.
  • the height of the side walls 2 and 3 and of the longitudinal wall 4 it is a characteristic of the component according to the invention that on one side of the floor said height is equal to one modular unit, while beneath the floor 1, said height is of two modular units. The thickness of floor 1 divides the upper modular unit from the two lower modular units.
  • the imaginary line is here defined as "intermodular line”.
  • said longitudinal wall may also be solid, as indicated in figure- 2, or provided with vertical through cavities 6, as indicated in figure 1.
  • The. hollow wall shown in figure 1 which is particularly intended to have one surface facing towards the outside of the building formed by the various components, may assume three positions with respect to an intermodular line 5, that is a symmetric position with respect to said line, or on one side or the other thereof.
  • the longitudinal wall without cavity, as shown in figure 2, is instead always on the inside of the modular unit.
  • the upper part of the wall and the lower part of the wall may be in different positions, still maintaining the above indicated conditions.
  • longitudinal wall 4 is. completely absent, as shown for example in figure 3.
  • the surfaces of the floor, the surfaces of the side walls 2 and 3 facing towards the floor and both the inside and the outside surfaces of the longitudinal wall are smooth.
  • the outside surfaces of the side walls 2 and 3 are shaped, as shown in the figures, so as to present a vertical channel 7 in each modular unit.
  • a wall is formed by the components provided with vertical cavities.
  • the side walls 2 and 3 are reinforced by means of ribs 8 which do not however close said channels 7.
  • the floor 1 contains in each modular unit a longitudinal through cavity 8 directed in the sense of the length, that is according to the X axis. Such cavities are open at the ends,whereby they are in communication with the vertical channels 7 of the side walls 2 and 3.
  • transversal cavities 9 having the direction of the Z axis which place longitudinal cavities 8 of one same component or components placed side-by-side in communication with each other.
  • the vertical channel 7 of the side walls 2 and 3, the vertical cavity 6 of the longitudinal wall 4, the cavities 8 and 9 of the floor serve the purpose of receiving the pipes of the hydrosanitary or thermal facilities, as well as to allow the conditioning and natural cooling, directly employing vector fluids or inserting tubing in the appropriate cavities.
  • the thickness edges of the side walls and of the floor, indicated respectively in 10 and 11, extending in the direction of the axes X and Y, are formed with grooves, as shown in figure 7, which, mated with similar grooves of another associated component, form cavities or tubing for the insertion of conductors for the electrical and telephone systems and the like.
  • groove 12 which may be used for the electrical system, opens out at the level of the upper edge of side wall 2, towards the inside through the exit or mains branching box 13, while groove 14, which may be used for example for the telephone system, opens out through hole 15 on the surface of floor 1, in the vicinity of wall 2.
  • the edge 11 of the floor displays a channel 16 for directing the cables from one side to the other of the floor.
  • the upper edge 17 of the side walls 2 and 3 displays also a groove 18 for directing cables from one end to the other of the wall.
  • a similar groovel9 is arranged on the lower edge 20 of the walls 2 and 3.
  • a recess 21 is formed which may be used as a support for a possible auxiliary beam 22, as indicated in figure 12.
  • a characteristic of the component according to the invention consists of the connecting element 23 (see figure 8) which serves the purpose of connecting various components between each other for the assembly of buildings, which connecting element 23 is embedded within the side walls 2 and 3at the end of the modular width. Therefore each component may be provided with two connecting elements 23, for each module, as indicated in figures from 1 to 3.
  • each connecting element 23 is formed by a steel rod 24 embedded in side walls 2 and 3 and having the direction of the Y axis. It is clearly obvious that said rod 24 is connected with the rest of the reinforcement, if present, of the component.
  • Two cups 25 provided with a plate 26 are connected to the ends of the rod, the cup being sunk in the wall and the plate 26 being on the level with the upper edge 17, or respectively lower edge of the same side wall.
  • the cup 25 displays at its centre a hole 27.
  • the connecting element 23 practically is integral with the component and in order to connect two different components together, the procedure is as follows:
  • Said body 140 is provided with a through hole 141 which alignes with the holes 27,-27' of the elements 23, 23'. Such alignment allows, using hollow rods 24, 24', to pass, if desired, prestressed cables which cross heightwise a series of components one over the other.
  • connecting elements similar to those indicated in 23, may be arranged at modular intervals in the longitudinal wall 4, as indicated in 142 in figure 1.
  • Said "interplane" junction allows to achieve structural nodes which ensure the stability of the building, although in absence of a continuous frame, for example of reinforced concrete.
  • the component according to the invention though defined in an extremely rigorous way with respect to a series of characteristics, may vary in the arrangement of the longitudinal wall, which allows to carry out architectural designs with great freedom of choice, still having a fundamental component to work with having constant characteristics.
  • figure 6 the various arrangements are shown which are obtainable for the longitudinal wall 4.
  • the representation of figure 6 is a schematic representation and shows a component formed by three modular M units.
  • a sidewall 2 is shown in front, while the floor 1 is seen in transversal cross section; the longitudinal wall 4 is also shown in transversal cross section.
  • Longitudinal wall 4 indicated in figure 6 may be intended both as a wall provided with vertical through cavities 6 (outside wall), and as solid wall (interwall or partition), the machine allowing the execution both of one as well as of the other form.
  • Figure 12 also shows an auxiliary beam 22 mounted in recess 21 which could be used for particular architectural solutions, such as the doubling of the distance between walls 2 and 3, the assembly of stairs and the like.
  • Figure 13 shows how the cavities formed by channels 7 of the walls and the cavities 8 of the floors may be used for assembling hydrosanitary plumbing 28.
  • the exits 13 have a particular interest and may be used as actual mains branching boxes for the electrical connections and the distribution of energy.
  • the recess for the branching box 13 may be accomplished in the position at the limit of the extension of the module, or may also be left out, according to requirements. This characteristic is of great utility for the versatility of solutions which are possible.
  • longitudinal wall 4 may display, above or either below floor 1, an openingfor door or window space 29, indicated with a discontinued line which covers one or more modular distances in the sense of the height and length (X axis), for the doors and/or windows through said longitudinal wall 4.
  • the problem which is at the base of the new process is that of obtaining the piece without ruining the surfaces of any of its parts during the form disassembly.
  • a characteristic of the process is the manufacturing of the piece in a position rotated by 90° around the longitudinal X axis, whereby the floor 1 appears placed substantially in a vertical plane and the longitudinal wall 4 is placed in a horizontal plane, above the floor.
  • the newly finished component results as resting on the edge 9 of floor 1 and on edges 10 of the side walls 2 and 3.
  • the surfaces of the floor, as well as the surfaces facing towards the floor of the side walls 2 and 3 and of the longitudinal wall 4 are defined as -inner surfaces.
  • the surfaces of walls 2 and 3 facing in the opposite direction are defined as outer surfaces of said walls, while the surface facing in the opposite sense of the longitudinal wall 4 is defined as upper surface of said wall, since it assumes such asset within the manufacturing machine. It is however still intended that any reference to the X, Y, Z is to be considered as if these axes were integral with the component itself, as indicated in figure 2.
  • the form- frames carrying the form portions are moved in order to disassemble the form or free the finished component.
  • the form portions 31, 32 are first moved through a translation movement in the direction of the bisector of the dihedral angles formed by said forms 31, 32, by form 30 and by the form for the formation of the inner surface of the longitudinal wall (not shown).
  • a direction is indicated in a discontinuous line in 33.
  • said translation is a movement the vector of which presents components with respect to all three of the axes X,'Y, Z.
  • the entire group of the form portions 30, 31, 32 is then moved towards the bottom through a translation movement according to the bisector of the 90° angle formed by the form 30 and by the form for the formation of the inner surface of the longitudinal wall (not shown).
  • said movement may be represented by a vector 35 (figure 27) having components in the direction of the Y axis and of the Z axis, directed towards the bottom, and not having components with respect to the X axis, in other words parallel to plane Z, Y.
  • the machine is composed of a series of elements movable between a position of formation of the form for the casting of the component and a position of form removing for the extraction of the finished component from the machine.
  • These elements may be classified in two groups, i.e. a first group of elements which take part all together and always in the manufacturing of the component, no matter what the position of the longitudinal wall is, and a second group of elements which operate only depending on the desired position of the longitudinal wall.
  • the machine is built on three planes, that is a bottom plane 36, a base plane 37 and an upper plane 38. Said planes are materially formed, respectively by the bottom of an excavation beneath the ground level, by the level of the ground itself and by a frame of upper girders 39.
  • the upper girders 39 are carried by four pillars 40, 41, 42, 43 which rest on the bottom plane 36. Having stated the foregoing, the various elements of the machine will be now described in detail.
  • Said pillars 40, 41, 42, 43 in addition to serving the purpose of supporting the upper girders 39, also serve the purpose of acting as guides for the sliding of the ends of the supporting beams of the inner form frame movable in a vertical direction.
  • said pillars are of square section (see figure 16) in order to be able to mate with grooved wheels 44 carried by said ends 45, 46, 47, 48 of the beams.
  • the part of the pillars 40, 41 above base plane 37 is covered with a hull 49, 50, which serves the purpose of guiding the elevators which are movable between said base plane 37 and the upper plane 38, as will be further described later.
  • the pair of pillars 42, 43 for the same purpose has two further pillars 51, 52 which rest on base plane 37.
  • a horizontal beam 53 is integral with the ends 45, 46 guided by the pair of pillars 40, 41, while a horizontal beam 54 is integral with its ends 47, 48 guided by the pair of pillars 42, 43. Said beams extend according to the direction of the longitudinal Y axis.
  • Pillars 53, 54 serve the purpose of supporting the inner form frames respectively indicated in 55 and 56, which may move between a position lowered towards bottom plane 36, wherein the inner form frames carried by each beam are lowered below the base plane 37, and other positions substantially at the level with baseplane 37, wherein the inner form frames are carried into working positions.
  • Said beams 53, 54 therefore have the function of supporting the inner form frames and of guiding same in vertical direction.
  • the supporting deck indicated in 58 is formed by two horizontal beams 59, 60 placed according to the direction of the Y axis and by a horizontal beam 61 placed according to the direction of X axis.
  • the supporting deck 58 is rested with the horizontal beams 59, 60 on two movable resting points formed by two hydraulic jacks (one of which is indicated in 62 in figure 15) and guided by means of two vertical extensions beneath each beam 59, 60 indicated in 63, 63', 63", which extensions slide in corresponding guides 64, 64', 64" fixed on the bottom plane 36 and provided with grooved wheels.
  • the supporting deck 58 therefore is capable of moving in a vertical direction between a position which is more or less at the level of base plane 37 and a position above the latter, by means of hydraulic jacks 62.
  • the different working positions of the supporting deck allow to manufacture components with a number of different modules in width.
  • the supporting deck is further provided with appendixes 65, 65', 65", which serve the purpose of positioning the inner form frames 55, 56 exactly with respect to the supporting deck 58, as will be described more in detail further on.
  • the supporting deck 58 is provided on each of its beams 59, 60 with a track in order to receive the carriage.
  • the carriage indicated in 66 is shown in detail in figure 18 and is the element of the machine which supports the component to be manufactured indicated generally in 67 in figures 15, 16, 17.
  • the carriage is formed by two wings 68, 68' and by a rib 69 and as seen in a plan view, has the shape of an H.
  • the carriage is provided beneath the wings 68, 68' with wheels which travel on tracks.
  • the upper surface of the carriage is provided with an engraving which is the casting form of the edges 9, 10 respectively of floor 1 and of side walls, 2, 3 of the component.
  • the carriage is initially positioned outside the machine and in this position is equipped with the reinforcement of the component, which is fixed to the carriage.
  • said reinforcement includes steal nets, rods, and wires, and is self-sustained on the carriage.
  • the carriage is then caused to move horizontally (in the direction of the Y axis), so that it is brought above the supporting deck 58, in the position shown in figure 15. In such a position, the carriage is blocked on the supporting deck by means of pin devices (schematically indicated in 17 in figure 15) so that the carriage 66 is made integral with supporting deck 58 and rests on same.
  • the horizontal beams 53, 54 supporting the inner form frames 55, 56 must be in the lower position in the vicinity of bottom plane 36, in order to allow the passage of the carriage itself. Then the inner form frames 55, 56 are raised in the space between the wings 68, 68' and the rib 69 of the carriage 66, positioning around the reinforcement, in order to form the form frame for the casting of the component.
  • the carriage may be caused to exit from the machine along with the finished component supported thereon.
  • the inner form frames indicated generally in 55, 56 serve the purpose of assembling for the casting step the forming surfaces for obtaining on one side a surface of the floor and the inner surface of the longitudinal and side walls, and, on the other side, the other surface of the floor and the inner surface of the longitudinal and side walls which are on that same side.
  • the floor is formed in the machine in a vertical position.
  • the section can be seen of the floor with its longitudinal cavities of the component 67.
  • the inner . form frame 55 comprises: a supporting frame- work 71 connected rigidly to the respective horizontal beam 53; a U shaped framework 72 placed at the sides, on the front (figure 16) and on the top (figure 15) with respect to the supporting framework 71 and connected to the latter by means of a system of connecting rods 73 and hydraulic pistons 74; a form backing case 75 connected rigidly to the U shaped framework 72 and which carries metal sheets for forming a surface of the floor and the inner surface of the longitudinal wall, said metal sheets, or form portions, being perpendicular with respect to each other; two side form backing cases respectively 76, 76' carrying the metal sheets or form portions for the inner surfaces of the side walls and connected to the U shaped framework 7 " 2 by means of a system of connecting rods 77 and hydrualic pistons 78.
  • the connecting rods 73 which connect the supporting frame- work 71 and the U shaped framework 72 form a system in the shape of a linked parallelogram so that, in cooperation with guides 143, after an actuation of hydraulic pistons 74, the U shaped framework 72 moves with respect to the supporting framework 71 following a translation movement directed according to the bisector of the 90° angle formed by the forming metal sheets carried by said U shaped framework 72. This avoids, during the form disassembly of the finished component, any movement of dragging between said metal sheets and the piece itself.
  • the connecting rods 77 which connect the cores 76, 76' with the U shaped framework 72 also .constitute a linked parallelogram so that upon actuation of the hydraulic piston 78, the cases76 or 76' move with respect to U-shaped framework 72 according to a translation movement directed along the bisector of the dihedro angles formed by the three forming metal sheets perpendicular to each other. This also avoids dragging of the forming metal sheets of the cases 76, 76' on the inner surfaces of the side walls.
  • the inner form frame 55 is rigidly connected to the horizontal beam 73 and therefore may be lowered towards the bottom plane 36 by the ends 45, 46 of said beam 53 being guided on pillars 40, 41.
  • Such movement is carried out by means of a motor 79 (figure 16), which actuates through appropriate devices 80 of mechanical transmission, a group of three movable supports 81, 81', 81" which operate through a worm screw. Two of said worm screw movable supports sustain the supporting framework 71, while the third support 81 directly sustains the horizontal beam 53.
  • the raising or lowering the movable supports 81, 81', 81" the raising or lowering is determined of the inner form frame 55.
  • appendixes 65 serve the purpose of engaging legs 82 integral with the U shaped framework 72 and which extend towards the bottom therefrom.
  • said legs 82 are in a number of three and are respectively connected to the central part and to the side parts of U shaped frame-work 72.
  • Appendixes 65, 65', 65" of the supporting deck and the legs 82 of the U shaped framework serve through coupling by means of holes 83 on legs 82 and pins 84 on appendixes 65, the purpose of fixing the position of the inner form frame 55 with respect to the supporting deck 58.
  • appendixes 65 display three groups of pins 84, 84', 84" which have the purpose of fixing the related position of the supporting deck 58 and of the inner form frame 55 for manufacturing a component having a width respectively of one, two or three modular units.
  • the supporting deck 58 may be raised by means of jack 62, increasing its height by a quantity equal to one or two modular units.
  • mating between the inner form frame 55 and the supporting deck 58 will take place on a lower group of pins 84' or 84" and the carriage 66 will be placed higher up exactly by the same amount of one or two modular units.
  • the form cavity formed by the inner form frames 55, 56 and the carriage 66 will have a width (in the sense of the Z axis), respectively of one or two modular units. It will be therefore possible to manufacture according to the example of machine described in the figures, components having a length which ranges from one to three modular units.
  • the number of pins for each group 84, 84', 84" of the appendix 65 serves the purpose of establishing the related position between the supporting deck 58, and therefore carriage 66, and the inner form frames 55, 56 when, keeping the number of modular units constant in the sense of the width of the component, longitudinal walls must be manufactured of the component having different depth (hollow crsolid wall), or different positions with respect to the intermodular line, as previously stated above.
  • the appendixes 65, 65', 65" connected to the horizontal beam 61 or rib of the supporting deck 58 serve the purpose of pin blocking of both groups 55, 56 of inner form frame.
  • each appendix has on one face the pins for blocking the legs 82 integral with the internal form frame 55 and on the other surface (see figure 17) has pins for blocking the legs of the internal form frame 56.
  • outer form frames the group is intended which carries the surfaces or forming metal sheets for the formation of the outer surfaces of the side walls 2 and 3 of the component, as well as for the formation of edges of said walls indicated in 17 in figure 1.
  • Each group of outer form frame comprises a main frame- work 85, which is fixed on the base plane of the machine, that is it is fixed at the ground level.
  • Tubular guides 86 and hydraulic pistons 87 are integral with one end of the framework 85 and carry at their other end form backing cases 88, 88', 88" carrying the metal sheets or forming surfaces for the outer surfaces of the said side walls of the component.
  • the form backing cases 88, 88', 88" can therefore be moved in the direction of the X axis, guided by guide 86.
  • the three form backing cases 88, 88', 88" can therefore be moved independently one from the other.
  • the preferred form of embodiment of the machine represented in the figures is capable of manufacturing components according to the invention having a width which ranges from one to three modular units.
  • a width which ranges from one to three modular units.
  • form backing cases 88, 88' will be used, which is then caused to advance in order to make the casting form, while the other two form backing cases 88', 88" are left behind.
  • form backing cases 88, 88' will be used and for a component of width equal to three modular units all three form backing cases 88, 88', 88" will be used, as shown in figures 17 and 20.
  • said form backing cases 88, 88', 88" are made integral one with the other by means of pins 89 and by means of pin 90 the entire assembly is made in turn integral with supporting deck 58.
  • a small supplementary form backing case 91 is used (figure 20) actuated by a hydraulic piston 92 for the formation of the edge of said longitudinal wall.
  • Said supplementary form backing case 91 is also fixed to the group of outer form frames by means of a pin 93.
  • the framework 85 of the outer form frames comprises also cores 94, 94', 94" for the formation of the longitudinal cavities 8 (figure 3) of floor 1.
  • Said cores 94, 94', 94", which, as stated before, must form a cavity 8 for each modular unit of width of the component, are guided on tracks carried by the framework 85 and slide over said tracks by means of wheels 95 moved by oleodynamic motors 96 integral with the cores themselves.
  • core 94 by sliding over the tracks of framework 85 is capable of penetrating through an opening in the form 88 which it faces, so as to place itself between the forming metal sheets of the inner form frames 55, 56 for the formation of floor 1.
  • the cores 94, 94', 94" have a shape which is slightly tapered towards the end closest to the machine in order to simplify their extraction and have a swelling or plug 97 for perfectly closing the opening of the form portion 88 through which they have passed.
  • Cores 94, 94', 94" also carry at their inside further cores 98, 98', 98" for the formation of transversal cavities 9 (figures from 1 to 3) of floor 1. Said cores 98, 98', 98" are brought into working position retracted on the inside of the respective cores 94, 94', 94" and when these have been placed in the desired position, are caused to exit oleodynamically in the direction of the Z axis, so as to form a continuous core perpendicular to cores 94, 94', 94" for the formation of said transversal cavities 9.
  • cores 94, 94', 94" will form half of the longitudinal cavity 8 of floor 1, as well as one of the transversal cavities 9, the other half of the cavity 8 and the other cavity 9 being formed by the outer form frame group which is on the other side of the machine. It will further be understood that the movement of each core 94, 94', 94" is indipendent from the others.
  • the Q uter form frame group further comprises (see figure 16) side heads 99, 99' for the formation of the edges of the component indicated _in 17 in figure 3, that is the edges of the side walls 2, 3 which extend in length in the direction of the Z axis'and in width in the direction of the X axis.
  • Said side heads 99, 99' are connected to the framework 85 by means of a system of hydraulic pistons and guiding bars 100, as well as by a system of hydraulic pistons (not shown) for the closing in and detachment of the forming metal sheet 101, 101' towards and away from the working position.
  • the heads 99 and 99' are further provided with pins 102, 102' for making them integral with the respective form cases 88, 88', 88".
  • each head 99, 99' is formed actually by three independent heads, each of which is associated with one of the form cases 88, 88', 88", in order to allow a modular manufacture of the component.
  • the forming surfaces 101, 101' are shaped so as to form the seat for the connecting elements 23, as well as the grooves 18, 19 (figure 7), and the branching boxes 13.
  • the shape for forming of the branching boxes 13 is a part of the forming metal sheet 101, 101', which is controlled independently by means of small oleodynamic pistons according to a pre-established working program, so that the finished component has said outputs or branching boxes 13 formed in the desired positions and in the desired number.
  • the forming metal sheet 101, 101' of the heads 99, 99' is provided with a hole having the profile of the base of the branching box 13.
  • the forming element of the cavity for the branching box 13 is moved by means of a selective control, between a position wherein the base of said forming element closes said hole, at the edge of the rest of the forming metal sheet 101, 101' and another position wherein said forming element protrudes through said hole, so as to create in the edges 17 of the component, the cavities 13 for the branching box, after the hardening of the cast of conglomerate material.
  • the movement of the neads 99, 99' is therefore independent from that of the form cases 88, 88', 88" and in the manufacture of the component the form disassembly of side walls 2 and 3 takes place by separating the component first from the form backing cases 88, 88', 88" and leaving in their place the heads 99, 99'. Then the inner form frames 55, 56 are moved away in the way previously described and only at the end the heads 99, 99' are removed as well. This allows to form disassemble the internal component without danger of deformations.
  • the machine illustrated offers the possibility of manufacturing components having at the most a width of three modular units, it will be understood that, by simply varying the dimensions of the machine and adding other form backing cases to the outer form frames 102, 102', it is possible to manufacture components having a width over three modular units.
  • the example of embodiment illustrated of the machine shows a floor having a length of seven modular units, as can be seen from figure 17, a machine may be produced of the same type which is capable of manufacturing components having a larger or smaller number of modular units in length.
  • pillars 40, 41 have, above the base plane 37 a hull 49 having two V shaped corners and pillars 42, 43 are flanked, above base plane 37 by two supplementary pillars 51, 52 also having two V shaped corners.
  • Said hulls 49, 50 provide a guide for a pair of sliders 103, 103' apt to move between the base plane 37 and the upper plane 38 in a vertical direction by means of their mating with said V shaped corners through grooved wheels 104.
  • another pair of sliders 105, 105' are capable of sliding in a vertical direction, guided through mating by grooved wheels 106 of pillars 42, 51 and respectively 43, 52.
  • Sliding members 103, 103' and 105, 105' are provided respectively with a pair of main plates 107, 107' and respectively 108, 108'.
  • the elevators can be moved by means of engagement with worm screws 109, 109' and respectively 110, 110', actuated by mechanical motors, or by equivalent means.
  • Each main plate is provided, on the side facing towards the machine, with a pair of horizontal guiding tracks, which are indicated schematically in 111, 111' for the sliding members 103 and 103' and in 112, 112' for the sliding members 105 and 105'.
  • each plate is interconnected by means of horizontal frame beams, as indicated in 113 and 114.
  • Each of said elevators indicated generally in 115, 116 is of use for carrying, at the desired height, a carrier of the upper form frame and a core carrier for the longitudinal wall, which will be described further on.
  • the elevators 115 and 116 further have hydraulic pistons 117, 117' for horizontally moving said carriersof the upper inner form frame, as well as hydraulic pistons 118, 118' for horizontally moving said core carriers.
  • Each elevator 115, 116 bears a core carrier 119, 119' supported and guided by one of the pairs of tracks 111, 111' or respectively 112, 112' and moved and horizontally back forth in the direction of the Y axis by means of said hydraulic pistons 118, 118'.
  • Said core carriers 119, 119' comprise a beam 120, 120' provided at the ends with wheels engaged on said tracks, as well as cores 121, 121' integral respectively with said beam 120, 120'.
  • Said cores 121, 121' serve the purpose of forming the vertical through cavities 6 in a longitudinal wall 4 of the type provided with such cavities (figure 1).
  • the corresponding elevator 115, 116 is brought to the appropriate height, above that of the inner form frame 55 or 56 placed also at the appropriate height, and said cores are caused to advance into the working position, so that during the casting a cavity 6 is left corresponding to their shape, on the inside of the longitudinal wall 4.
  • the position of said cores 121, 121' is established by the position in height which the underlying inner form frame 55 or 56 assumes.
  • the combination, on one or the other side of floor 1 of the relative position of the inner form frames 55 or 56 and the cores 121, 121' makes it possible to obtain components having a longitudinal wall 4 provided with cavities 6 in any modular position.
  • Said core carrier 119, 119' does not have to be used when the longitudinal wall 4 is not required to be provided with cavities 6, or when said longitudinal wall 4 is absent.
  • the carriage 119 is shown in a backed position, non operative, while the core carrier 119' is shown in an advanced position which is operative.
  • Each elevator 115, 116 carries an upper inner form frame carrier 122 and respectively 122'.
  • Said carriers 122, 122' of upper inner form frame comprise a beam 123, 123' rested and guided by means of grooved wheels on one of said pairs of tracks 111, 111' and 112, 112' carried by the plates 107, 107' and 108, 108' of the elevator 115 and respectively 116.
  • a framework 124. 124' is integral with beams 123, 123' and carries a metal sheet 125, 125' which acts as form portion in order to form the inner upper surface of one longitudinal wall 4 placed on the component in coincidence of an intermodular line.
  • the forming metal sheet 125, 125' comprises a horizontal part, vertical parts 126, 126' and side or flanking parts 127, 127'.
  • the upper inner form frame 122, 122' is to be used when it is desired to have on one side or the other of floor 1 a longitudinal wall 4 not placed in coincidence of the edge of the component, but in coincidence of a intermodular line thereof and serves the purpose of forming the surface of the longtudinal 4 facing upwards looking at figure 21.
  • the vertical portions 126, 126' of the forming metal sheet serve the purpose of completing the form for the formation of the floor while the side or flanking parts 127, 127' serve the purpose of completing the form for the formation of the side walls 2, 3.
  • the use of the upper inner form frames 122, 122' can take place contemporarily with the use of the cores 121, 121' carried by the core carriers 119, 119', or without the use of the latter.
  • longitudinal walls 4 will be obtained in the desired position which present through cavities 6, in the second case a longitudinal wall 4 will be obtained of the solid type, which will generally have a thickness below that of the hollow wall.
  • the upper edge form frame 128 serves the purpose of forming the edges of the floor 1 and of the side walls 2, 3, opposed to those indicated in 9 and 1J in figure 3, when a longitudinal wall is not present in coincidence of said edges of the component.
  • the upper edge form frame 128 is an element of the machine which moves in a horizontal direction, in the direction of the X axis, on the upper plane 38 of the machine, and, as can be seen in figure 15, slides through wheels over horizontal guides 129, 129' which overhang from the upper beams 39.
  • the lower surface (not shown) of the form frame 128 is provided with shapes for the forming of grooves equal to those present on the edges 9, 10.
  • the upper part of the form frame 128 is shaped as a hopper (132) both on wings 130, 130', and on the rib 131. Furthermore its bottom is provided with holes and slots 133 in order to allow the passage of the casting of concrete therethrough, into the form cavity.
  • the form frame 128 is lowered on the cavity formed by the other form portion elements by means of hydraulic pistons 134 and cylindrical guides 135.
  • upper box carrier 136 When it is desired to obtain in the longitudinal wall 4 openings for doors and/or windows, upper box carrier 136 is used (figures 24 and 15). Said carrier 136 which also slides horizontally in the direction of the X axis, on horizontal guides 129, 129' which overhang from the upper beams 39, carries therewith a plurality of boxes 137 hung to devices 138, for example of the hydraulic piston type or the like.
  • Said boxes 137 also have modular dimensions and by means of said devices 138 are lowered above the horizontal metal sheet of the inner form frames 55 or 56, in the position in which it is desired that the longitudinal wall 4 be provided with an aperture of the same dimension of the box itself.
  • Said boxes 137 are provided with openings wherein the cores 121, 121' may be inserted of the core carriers 119, 119', which cores 121, 121' fix in this way the position of said boxes 137.
  • the devices 138 drop the boxes in their place and the upper carrier 136 is moved on its guides 129, 129'.
  • the core carrier 119, 119' is brought into the desired position by means of the elevators 115, 116 and, if necessary, also the carrier 122, 122' of the upper inner form frame is placed into its working position.
  • the machine further comprises equipment for the formation of the mixture of concrete of other conglomerate and for the supply thereof into the form cavity.
  • the embodiment described by the invention allows furthermore to employ the usual expedients of the art of manufacturing concrete products, such as the heating through steam or hot air of the form backing cases, which carry the for.n portions, as well as the passage of the finished component, carried by the carriage 66, towards concrete curing ovens, heated through steam or other means.
  • finished component or still fresh component
  • the components so produced display a very high working accuracy and a high homogeneous reliability and quality of the produced pieces.
EP82830289A 1981-11-30 1982-11-29 Composante de bâtiment modulaire pour la construction de bâtiments et procédé et machine pour sa fabrication Ceased EP0080980A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT49797/81A IT1143450B (it) 1981-11-30 1981-11-30 Compoinente edile modulare per la costruzione di edifici e procedimento e macchina per la sua fabbricazione
IT4979781 1981-11-30
GB0511046A GB2426529A (en) 1981-11-30 2005-05-28 Modular building component

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0080980A1 true EP0080980A1 (fr) 1983-06-08

Family

ID=39083285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82830289A Ceased EP0080980A1 (fr) 1981-11-30 1982-11-29 Composante de bâtiment modulaire pour la construction de bâtiments et procédé et machine pour sa fabrication

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0080980A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU9099482A (fr)
ES (2) ES278730Y (fr)
GB (1) GB2426529A (fr)
IT (1) IT1143450B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA828754B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2556761A1 (fr) * 1983-12-16 1985-06-21 Bouygues Sa Element prefabrique pour la construction de batiments et procede de construction utilisant de tels elements
FR2658226A1 (fr) * 1990-02-15 1991-08-16 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Noyau de coffrage pour la fabrication de garages prefabriques ou de cellules analogues.
WO1996026055A1 (fr) * 1993-08-12 1996-08-29 Rapid Building Systems Pty. Ltd. Moyens de fabrication de panneaux de construction et technique correspondante
WO1997011237A1 (fr) * 1995-09-08 1997-03-27 O-Stable Panel Snd. Bhd. Panneaux prefabriques en beton destines a la construction d'un batiment
AT405661B (de) * 1996-07-05 1999-10-25 Bernard Ing Douet Bauwerk
US7121520B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2006-10-17 O-Stable Panel Sdn. Bhd. Pre-cast concrete panels for construction of a building
GB2426529A (en) * 1981-11-30 2006-11-29 Building Construction System L Modular building component
NL1034610C2 (nl) * 2007-10-31 2009-02-11 Betonson B V Systeem voor het bouwen van een gebouw.
ITBS20100188A1 (it) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Vittorio Brignoli Struttura modulare prefabbricata per la realizzazione di costruzioni con finalita' abitativa e ludica

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE842711C (de) * 1950-10-31 1952-06-30 Richard Mielke Bauweise
DE865652C (de) * 1949-08-30 1953-02-02 Hermann Josef Boeyng Bauwerk, insbesondere Wohnhaus, Garage, Behelfsheim od. dgl.
DE867163C (de) * 1949-10-21 1953-08-17 Wilhelm Dr-Ing Ludowici Mit Fenstern und Tueren versehener Raumkasten
DE2310312A1 (de) * 1972-03-15 1973-09-20 Hermann Schmid Gebaeude, hergestellt unter verwendung vorfabrizierter, grossformatiger bauelemente
FR2214260A5 (fr) * 1972-12-22 1974-08-09 Lely Nv C Van Der
CA1078640A (fr) * 1975-10-08 1980-06-03 Zenon A. Zielinski Systeme de construction et module prefabrique utilise dans ce systeme

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1143450B (it) * 1981-11-30 1986-10-22 Francesco Ruscica Compoinente edile modulare per la costruzione di edifici e procedimento e macchina per la sua fabbricazione

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE865652C (de) * 1949-08-30 1953-02-02 Hermann Josef Boeyng Bauwerk, insbesondere Wohnhaus, Garage, Behelfsheim od. dgl.
DE867163C (de) * 1949-10-21 1953-08-17 Wilhelm Dr-Ing Ludowici Mit Fenstern und Tueren versehener Raumkasten
DE842711C (de) * 1950-10-31 1952-06-30 Richard Mielke Bauweise
DE2310312A1 (de) * 1972-03-15 1973-09-20 Hermann Schmid Gebaeude, hergestellt unter verwendung vorfabrizierter, grossformatiger bauelemente
FR2214260A5 (fr) * 1972-12-22 1974-08-09 Lely Nv C Van Der
CA1078640A (fr) * 1975-10-08 1980-06-03 Zenon A. Zielinski Systeme de construction et module prefabrique utilise dans ce systeme

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2426529A (en) * 1981-11-30 2006-11-29 Building Construction System L Modular building component
FR2556761A1 (fr) * 1983-12-16 1985-06-21 Bouygues Sa Element prefabrique pour la construction de batiments et procede de construction utilisant de tels elements
FR2658226A1 (fr) * 1990-02-15 1991-08-16 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Noyau de coffrage pour la fabrication de garages prefabriques ou de cellules analogues.
WO1996026055A1 (fr) * 1993-08-12 1996-08-29 Rapid Building Systems Pty. Ltd. Moyens de fabrication de panneaux de construction et technique correspondante
WO1997011237A1 (fr) * 1995-09-08 1997-03-27 O-Stable Panel Snd. Bhd. Panneaux prefabriques en beton destines a la construction d'un batiment
EA000593B1 (ru) * 1995-09-08 1999-12-29 О-Стейбл Пэнел Сдн Бхд Здание на основе железобетонных компонентов
US6223480B1 (en) * 1995-09-08 2001-05-01 O-Stable Panel Sdn Bhd Pre-cast concrete panels for construction of a building
AT405661B (de) * 1996-07-05 1999-10-25 Bernard Ing Douet Bauwerk
US7121520B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2006-10-17 O-Stable Panel Sdn. Bhd. Pre-cast concrete panels for construction of a building
NL1034610C2 (nl) * 2007-10-31 2009-02-11 Betonson B V Systeem voor het bouwen van een gebouw.
ITBS20100188A1 (it) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Vittorio Brignoli Struttura modulare prefabbricata per la realizzazione di costruzioni con finalita' abitativa e ludica

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES278730U (es) 1984-10-16
AU9099482A (en) 1983-06-09
GB0511046D0 (en) 2005-07-06
ES8502507A1 (es) 1985-01-01
IT8149797A0 (it) 1981-11-30
IT1143450B (it) 1986-10-22
ES529330A0 (es) 1985-01-01
ZA828754B (en) 1983-10-26
ES278730Y (es) 1985-04-16
GB2426529A (en) 2006-11-29

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