EP0079887B1 - Panneaux en beton prefabrique a usages multiples et procedes de construction de structures en beton les utilisant - Google Patents

Panneaux en beton prefabrique a usages multiples et procedes de construction de structures en beton les utilisant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0079887B1
EP0079887B1 EP81901849A EP81901849A EP0079887B1 EP 0079887 B1 EP0079887 B1 EP 0079887B1 EP 81901849 A EP81901849 A EP 81901849A EP 81901849 A EP81901849 A EP 81901849A EP 0079887 B1 EP0079887 B1 EP 0079887B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slabs
slab
concrete
adjacent
trench
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81901849A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0079887A1 (fr
EP0079887A4 (fr
Inventor
Arthur F. Hilsey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81901849T priority Critical patent/ATE39518T1/de
Publication of EP0079887A1 publication Critical patent/EP0079887A1/fr
Publication of EP0079887A4 publication Critical patent/EP0079887A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079887B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079887B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
    • E04B2001/3276—Panel connection details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to concrete slab constructions, and methods of using the same, for standardizing the manufacturing and construction of precast concrete modules for monolithic and multi-purpose structures.
  • the primary purpose of the invention is to provide a less expensive standardized method of manufacturing, transporting, handling and erecting fireproof concrete structures such as: (1) curtain walls adapted for use as military reventments or enclosures for aircraft, "soft-buildings” or stockpiles of equipment and supplies, and exterior and interior walls used in the construction of various types of military and commercial buildings, fences or boundary walls, and freeway dividers; (2) retaining walls such as those employed in irrigation and flood control ditches, small dams, sea walls, canals, and hillside retention; (3) load-bearing walls such as are employed in office buildings, cabins, huts, barracks, commissaries, supermarkets, warehouses, garages and schools; (4) building foundations; and (5) other concrete structures capable of utilizing the standardized multi-purpose precast concrete modules which form one aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention is intended to obviate these disadvantages by the use of improved prefabricated concrete panels which are placed in contiguous planar relation to one another within an elongated trench prepared in advance for the reception of such panels, the improvement being in relation to a prefabricated concrete slab shown in Specification DE-A-2000024 to be placed in a wall or the like of a building structure closely adjacent to other slabs to form a building structure, said prefabricated concrete slab being substantially of rectangular shape and having means for aligning it with adjacent slabs after said slab is placed in abutting relationship with other slabs in the building structure.
  • said aligning means comprise at least one opening of elongated rectangular shape positioned entirely interiorly of all the edges of said slab, the direction of said elongated rectangular opening in said slab being transverse to two opposite edges of said slab, said means further comprising at least one pair of aligned bores which are located respectively between the said opposite edges of said slab and the shorter opposite edges of said rectangular opening in said slab, the diameter of each of said bores being significantly smaller than the width of the shorter opposite edges of said opening, the length of said rectangular opening being greater than the combined length of said bores to permit the insertion of an elongated alignment and fastening member into said opening in said slab for passage from said opening through one of said bores in said slab and through an aligned such bores in an adjacent like-constructed slab - and into the rectangular opening of the adjacent said slab, and the width of said rectangular opening being sufficiently great to permit the ready manipulation of the elongated alignment and fastening member by hand tools inserted into said rectangular opening during the aligning and fastening of said slab with said adjacent slab of the
  • slabs of the general configuration described may be prefabricated either at a temporary casting plant erected near the building site, or at an existing casting plant remote from the building site, as most economically advantageous, then transported, e.g., by a truck, to the building site, and placed in side-by-side vertical, coplanar relation to one another within the trench.
  • the dimensions of the aforementioned rectangular openings are so selected that the entire opening in each such slab is below grade when the slabs are so positioned.
  • Elongated "J"- bolts are inserted into the aforementioned aligning holes via the aforementioned elongated rectangular openings or apertures, and extend continuously from the elongated opening of one rectangular slab through the adjacent aligning hole of that slab, and then through the aligned aligning hole of the next adjacent slab into the rectangular opening of the said next adjacent slab, and are fixed in place by a nut which is threaded onto the portion of the said "J"-bolt which protrudes into the said elongated rectangular opening of the next adjacent slab to mechanically attach adjacent slabs to one another.
  • the size of the rectangular opening in each slab is sufficiently large to permit such insertion of "J"-bolts.
  • the horizontal length of the rectangular base opening in each slab must not only be longer than the length of the "J" bolts employed, but must also be more than twice the width of the slab between a vertical edge of said rectangular opening and the adjacent exterior vertical edge of the slab (in practice, the horizontal dimension of each such rectangular opening is more than one-half the width of the concrete panel in which it is located), and the vertical height of each such rectangular opening must moreover be sufficient to permit the insertion and manipulation of hand tools such as wrenches or the like to fasten the "J"-bolts in place and to clinch adjacent slabs to one another.
  • a settable anchoring material such as wet concrete is poured or pumped into the trench to fill the trench (the term “pouring” as used herein and in the appended claims being intended to include a “pumping” operation) and in the process to flow via the aforementioned rectangular openings from one side of each slab to the other, to completely fill the rectangular openings, thereby to embed the base portion of the several slabs and their intervening "J"-bolts in an integrated, solid concrete footing.
  • the end result of the fabrication and construction technique is, therefore, to rapidly assemble a continuous monolithic concrete structure through use of plural, standard, precast slabs, associated fastening elements such as "J"-bolts whose length is dimensionally related to the dimensions of specified portions of the slabs and to the dimensions of the rectangular base openings therein, in an integrating mass of concrete.
  • roof beam or floor joist slots can be provided in the upper edges of the panels; holes can be provided in each of the slabs adjacent their upper edges to facilitate their manipulation; reinforcing rods can be provided in the poured concrete; auxiliary supporting or aligning structures can be employed; sealing cavities for the reception of sealing strips or flowable sealing compounds can be interposed between the engaging generally vertical edges of adjacent slabs to provide a water-tight junction therebetween; the slabs can be assembled in a double wall configuration with an intervening material such as sand placed therebetween; each precast concrete slab can be provided with a curvature in the direction of its width and/or length to permit the erection of nonplanar structures such as arched, curved and geodesic-type constructions; coloring or fluorescent materials can be employed in the concrete utilized in fabricating the slabs; and/or the faces of the slabs can be given embossed or highly decorative configurations, etc.
  • the method of forming a concrete structure which comprises prefabricating at a fabrication location a plurality of like-constructed substantially rectangular concrete slabs each of which has at least one bore extending therethrough in the direction of its width, and characterized in that each slab has an elongated rectangular opening adjacent one end thereof extending in the direction of the width of said slab and having a length in its direction of extension which is at least slightly more than one-half the width of said slab; transporting said prefabricated concrete slabs from said fabrication location to a building location; digging a foundation ground trench at said building location; then successively placing said plurality of prefabricated concrete slabs one-by-one in substantially vertical orientation into said trench with the respective rectangular openings of said slabs all being located entirely below grade in said foundation ground trench and with the generally vertical edges of each of said slabs extending upwardly out of said trench and disposed closely adjacent to the generally vertical edges of the next adjacent ones of said slabs; then aligning each of said prefabricated concrete slabs horizontally and vertically with respect to
  • the present invention relates to preformed concrete slabs or panels, and to methods of using the same, in the construction of low cost, high strength, rapidly erected concrete structures of various types.
  • a principal objective of the invention is to provide a stock of concrete modules, slabs or panels which are preformed in desirable sizes for either load bearing, retaining and/or curtain walls.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a reinforced concrete slab which is especially designed for monolithic type structures (walls to foundation to floor) that may be reinforced to meet specific design requirements.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a method of fabricating into the slab an opening in the base footing for the rapid and accurate leveling and aligning of a given slab with adjacent modules at its base.
  • a still further object is to provide a slab which is designed as a load-bearing wall, with monolithic attributes, and to obtain the structural strength of a pilaster which in turn will be reinforced with an identical and adjacent pilaster. Still another object of the invention with respect to its said monolithic and pilaster attributes, is to obtain a structure which has reactive resistance to ground and overhead pressures created by earthquakes, high velocity winds and/or extreme shockwaves above and below grade.
  • the principal objective of the invention is to provide, in a variety of useful types of concrete slab modules capable of being pre-cast by mass production methods, novel base-footing means adapting them to an equally novel method of transport, placement, connection and integration into monolithic structures, which achieves this as well as other objects of the present invention more rapidly, yet at less cost, and with fewer construction personnel, than had been required heretofore in the erection of concrete structures.
  • a plurality of like-constructed, standardized concrete slabs S are precast at a fabrication location for subsequent transport to a building location by means of a flat bed trailer 10 or the like, having inexpensive removable racks thereon for transporting the slabs or modules S to the construction site.
  • the slabs S can, if desired, be precast directly at the construction site by using a portable, ready-mix bulk plant, or, if it will be more economically advantageous, can be fabricated on a mass scale at a remote fabrication location dedicated to that purpose, and then transported to a building site as indicated in Figure 1.
  • a typical slab S is designated S, in Figure 2. While the dimensions of the slab will vary in dependence upon the end use to which it is to be put, the slab S 1 typically has a height of 3.8 m (12 feet 6 inches), a width of 1.52 m (5 feet), and a thickness of 8.89 cm (three-and-a-half inches) and can be reinforced by a gridwork of embedded 1.27 cm (one-half inch) diameter reinforcing bars or rods (not shown) placed on approximately 35.56 cm (14 inches) centers. Obviously, any of these dimensions can be changed to meet specific needs, and the thicker the slab is made, and the more reinforcing used, the higher the overall structure can be.
  • the portion of the slab that will be above ground does not have to be as thick as the base footing portion of the slab.
  • the slabs can be essentially free-standing in nature further speeding the construction process.
  • a comparatively large opening 20 of elongated rectangular shape is provided at the lower end of the slab S i .
  • the general direction of elongation of the opening 20 is transverse to the height of the slab, and extends across the width of the slab as illustrated.
  • the opening 20 may typically have a vertical height of substantially 30.48 cm (one foot) and a horizontal width of substantially 0.91 m (three feet), i.e., the horizontal dimension of the opening 20 is more than one-half the horizontal width slab S l .
  • Opening 20 is, in the form shown in Figure 2, disposed entirely interior of the slab, but if desired the lower edge of the opening 20 may open directly into the lowermost edge of the slab as depicted by broken lines 21 (and as shown in full lines in Figure 14b). Moreover, while the edges of the opening 20 are planar as illustrated in Figure 2, they may be of rounded configuration (as shown in Figure 14b); and either such configuration is included within the term "rectangular" as employed herein.
  • Slba S 1 is further provided with a plurality of horizontal bores extending therethrough for use in alignment of each such slab with adjacent slabs, and for fastening the slabs to one another.
  • a further pair of 1.9 cm (three-quarter inch) diameter bores 24 and 25 extend horizontally in alignment with one another between the opposing generally vertical edges of rectangular opening 20 and the adjacent outermost vertical edges of the slab S I .
  • the combined length of the bores 24 and 25 is less than the horizontal dimension of opening 20 whereby, as will become apparent subsequently, a comparatively long fastening element (such as a "J"-bolt having a length almost as long as the horizontal dimension of opening 20) can be inserted into the opening 20 of one slab, and then passed through the bore 24 of that one slab and through the aligned bore 25 of the next adjacent slab into the rectangular opening 20 of said next adjacent slab, where it may be fastened in place by a nut threaded onto the free end of the said bolt.
  • the vertical height of opening 20 is sufficient to permit such a fastening element to be inserted and manipulated by hand tools such as wrenches or the like.
  • the bores 24 and 25 preferably open into the vertical edges of rectangular opening 20 at points thereon substantially midway between the upper and lower horizontal edges of said opening .20.
  • the bores 22, 24 and 25 may be cast in- the slabs by properly positioning in the slab casting form permanent metal, plastics or cardboard sleeves, of inside diameters slightly larger than the outside diameters of the rods, cables of "J"-bolts to be used. During erection of the slabs these sleeves can then serve to facilitate the passage of the rods, cables or "J"-bolts through the slabs.
  • Slab S may further include a pair of additional openings 26 (Fig. 2) adjacent the top of the slab adapted to cooperate with lifting equipment (as shown in Figure 1) to facilitate the vertical placement and manipulation of the slab in a ground trench; and the uppermost edge of the slab may include a substantially centrally located notch 27 for the reception of roof beams or the like.
  • the opposing generally vertical edges of the slab S 1 are preferably shaped for mating engagement with complementarily shaped edges of the adjacent like-constructed such slabs.
  • Various edge configurations can be utilized, e.g., the tongue and groove configuration 28, 29, best shown in Figure 6, arranged to produce the mating engagement between adjacent slabs shown in Figure 7.
  • the slabs can be formed with a tongue 30 on one of the lateral faces thereof for engagement with an end groove 29 of an adjacent slab to form a corner construction of the type shown in Figure 8.
  • Other arrangements will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • a plurality of like-constructed standardized concrete slabs having the configuration described are erected in side-by-side closely adjacent relation to one another at a building location or construction site by means of lifting equipment 11, such as a hydraulic crane, fork lift, or the like which lifts the slabs S one-by-one from flat bed trailer 10 and lowers them, one-by-one, into an elongated trench 12 prepared in advance by digging or trenching equipment 13.
  • the trench 12 is preferably of flat-bottomed V-shaped cross-section and is sufficiently deep that, when each slab S is lowered into said trench, the substantially rectangular opening 20 therein is entirely below grade.
  • the slabs S rest, moreover, on a bed of sand or gravel 14 (see Figure 2) previously placed on the bottom of the trench 12 to assist in leveling and aligning the slabs vertically with one another.
  • the slabs S are aligned horizontally and vertically with one another by workmen who operate the lifting equipment 11 and manipulate each slab S relative to the slabs previously placed in the trench, and the alignment is temporarily maintained by insertion of the aligning rod 23 through the several bores 22 (if such are provided in the slabs), and/or by "J"-bolts 15 (see Figure 2) which are inserted through the aligned bores 24, 25 in adjacent slabs in the manner previously described.
  • Each "J"-bolt is provided with an enlarged or curved end 15a which engages the generally vertical edge of the rectangular opening into which said "J"-bolt is initially inserted, and a nut 15b is then threaded onto the end of the bolt protruding into the rectangular opening of the next adjacent slab to clinch the slabs together.
  • the actual arrangement of the aligning bores 24, 25 in a plane which includes both the side tongue and groove of each panel, and with access being provided by the transverse rectangular openings 20, permits axial-of-the-wall insertion of the clinching and aligning bolts 15, to assure that a clinching force is applied axially of the panels for maximum strength, straightness and stability of the wall during erection, and to avoid creating any tension stresses in the concrete of the slab.
  • the size of the openings 20 permits them to receive ordinary hand tools for the manipulation and fastening of the bolts 15 in place, thereby to apply a nondamaging and maximum clinching force immediately and axially of the adjacent panels as they are added, one-by-one, to the yet unanchored wall. This tends to assure that a progressive maximum stability of the comparatively heavy concrete slabs is attained during the erection process, supplemented if desired by anchoring devices such as guy wires or rods and associated turn buckles 16 which are attached to each panel after it has been inserted in the trench, aligned, and fastened to the next adjacent panel.
  • anchoring devices such as guy wires or rods and associated turn buckles 16 which are attached to each panel after it has been inserted in the trench, aligned, and fastened to the next adjacent panel.
  • the trench 12 is filled with a flowable anchoring material such as wet concrete 17 which is poured into the trench from a concrete mixer 18, or which, if desired, may be forcibly pumped into the trench.
  • a flowable anchoring material such as wet concrete 17 which is poured into the trench from a concrete mixer 18, or which, if desired, may be forcibly pumped into the trench.
  • the wet concrete completely fills the trench and, in the course of doing so, passes from one side to the other side of each of the concrete slabs through the rectangular opening 20 in each slab, to fill said opening and to embed the lower ends of the several slabs and the fastening elements 15 extending therebetween in a monolithic base footing support.
  • this footing support is achieved without use of foundation forms, and that the base support, leveling, and aligning of the concrete slabs in mating relationship to one another is also accomplished without the use of conventional forms, which represents a major advantage over techniques used heretofore.
  • anchoring material gravel can be used as an alternative anchoring material gravel.
  • FIG. 3 An end view of the final construction, when used as a curtain wall, is shown in Figure 3.
  • reinforcing rods 30 may be used between the concrete floor 31 of the building structure and the openings 20 in each slab S to provide additional means for maintaining the slab wall, floor and foundation in an integral monolithic unit.
  • Slabs according to the invention can also be used to erect a retaining wall as shown in Figure 5; and in this particular application of the invention, the several precast concrete slabs can be tapered in thickness upwardly (see Figure 5) and can further be provided with one or more drain holes 36, both of which features are conventional in retaining wall construction.
  • Reinforcing bars 37 which extend vertically through the slab may have their lower end displaced in opposing generally horizontal directions in the region of opening 20 for extension into the trench pour.
  • the taper may be ended at the ground line, with the remaining lower portion of the slab being no thicker than the thickness of the slab at the ground line, since said remaining lower portion will in any event be augmented in strength by the encasing pour of concrete in the trench.
  • the weight of individual retaining wall slabs may also be reduced by making them of less width than for lighter duty slabs.
  • additional reinforcing bars such as shown at 37a and 37b in Figure 5, may be precast into the slab for further enhancing the monolithic intertie of the slab to the trench pour of concrete.
  • the preformed reinforced slabs S may be brought quickly to a particular job, are easily disposed in proper vertical position, and are readily leveled and aligned by means of the aforementioned tierods and aligning bolts. Pouring (as hereinbefore defined) of the wet concrete in a freeflow manner through the openings 20 secures the slabs in position with optimum stress and shear values.
  • the slab construction, transportation, and erection is accomplished in a low cost and rapid manner, and rapid completion of many types of building structures is made possible.
  • Figures 9a and 9b illustrate additional features which may be optionally included in the construction of the present invention.
  • a pair of adjacent slabs 40, 41 may be aligned adjacent their uppermost or generally horizontal edges by means of one or more "U"-shaped aligning and clinching bolts 44 each of which includes a generally horizontal leg 44a which extends between the two slabs 40, 41 along a depression 45 portions of which are formed in the top edge of each slab, and a pair of generally vertical legs 44b which are located in vertical holes 46, 47 provided respectively in the top edges of the two slabs 40, 41.
  • more than one such U bolt 44 can be fastened into place across the top edges of adjacent slabs and/or one or more such U bolts can be mounted in place across the vertical outer faces of the two slabs, and at one or more desired locations between the uppermost and lowermost edges of said slabs.
  • FIGS 9a and 9b One possible such preferred sealing arrangement is shown in Figures 9a and 9b, and comprises an additional generally V-shaped depression or cavity 48 which extends vertically along the base portion of the edge groove 43 of slab 41, and which cooperates with the tongue portion 42 of slab 40 to provide an elongated generally vertical channel of triangular cross section between the mating edges of the slabs 40,41.
  • An elongated and somewhat oversized and compressible sealing strip 49 is first preliminarily adhered in place in the cavity 48, as by pasting or self-sticking surfaces, and then compressed within cavity 48 by the forces exerted between slabs 40, 41 when they are clinched together, to provide a water tight vertical joint between said slabs.
  • a settable liquid sealing material may be poured into the channel formed by cavity 48 and from the top of the aligned slabs to fill said channel and to migrate into any discontinuities between the channels thereby to provide the desired water tight seal between the vertical edges of adjacent slabs.
  • FIG. 9c and 9d Cross-sectional views of two other forms of sealing strips that may be used are shown in Figures 9c and 9d.
  • opposing cavities, of cross-sections similar to the respective halves of the seal to be received are cast into each of the mating edges of adjacent slabs.
  • the sealing strip is made of a readily compressible material, and is slightly larger in appropriate dimensions than the cooperating cavities, so that the seal will be tightly compressed when the slabs 40, 41 are clinched together.
  • the cross-sectional length of the seal in the direction of slab width is slightly longer than the comparable cross-sectional length of the channel formed by the opposed cavities, so that the seal 49a will be appropriately compressed by the forces between slabs 40, 41 when they are clinched together.
  • this type of seal is first temporarily stuck in place in the cavity of one of the slabs, as by pasting, etc., before it is joined with the other slab.
  • the arrow shaped form of seal 49b shown in Figure 9d temporary pasting of the seal in one of the opposed cavities is not necessary.
  • the curved edge of the sealing strip may be slightly wider transverse of its centerline than the cavity into which it is to sit, so that it can be easily press-snapped and locked into its cavity in one of the slabs before that slab is joined with its mating slab.
  • the arrowhead shaped edge of the sealing strip may be slightly longer along its centerline than the cavity into which it is to sit, so that this edge will reactively expand slightly transversely of its centerline into tight sealing relationship with its mating cavity when the adjacent slabs are brought into clinched relationship.
  • seals such as circular or nipple and semicircle, etc., with appropriate complementary cavities, may be used in like manner as described above.
  • sealing cavities and cooperating sealing strips can, if desired, be located on the end faces of the slab edges laterally of the tongues and grooves, as at 49c in Figure 9a, or anywhere on the end faces of the slab edges when no special mating connections, such as tongues and grooves, are used.
  • slabs having cavities for any shape of sealing strip whatever may nevertheless be used for pouring, into the channel formed by the cavities, a settable liquid sealing material, to provide the water tight seal between the vertical edges of adjacent slabs, if desired.
  • connection(s) may be placed laterally of the axial-of-the-wall plane of the aligning rods and "J"-bolts to preclude confrontataion of such rods and bolts with the seals.
  • Figures 10-13 illustrate various concrete structures which may be erected by use of the slabs and associated methods of the present invention.
  • the walls of a flood control dam, levee, or sea wall can be provided by two groups 50, 51 of aligned precast concrete slabs constructed in accordance with the present invention, said groups 50, 51 being erected in spaced relation to one another within a comparatively wide ground trench into which an integrating mass 52 of anchoring material such as concrete is poured to flow through the rectangular openings 50a and 51a of said two groups to form a monolithic structure; and the region between the two groups 50, 51 of concrete slabs may be filled with earth or sand 53 to provide a massive barrier of high structural strength between a body of water 54 and adjacent dry terrain 55.
  • the slabs in this application of the invention may be tapered and reinforced in the manner disclosed for retaining walls, as shown in Figure 5.
  • Horizontal tie/separation bars or rods 50b may also be affixed to the inner faces of the opposing slabs, as more clearly shown in similar applications in Figures 14a and 14b, for enhancing the stability of the structure during erection and may, if desired, be left thereafter for addition reinforcing.
  • the region between the two groups of slabs 50, 51 may be entirely filled with a pour of concrete.
  • additional generally horizontal networks of reinforcing bars may be cast into the pour 52 between and passing into the trenches to provide additional means for maintaining the slab walls, the intervening floor, and the slab foundation footings in an integral monolithic unit.
  • additional reinforcing elements may be cast in the pour 52 so as to extend upwardly out of the pour between the slab groups 50, 51 for later encasement of the upwardly extending ends of such additional reinforcing elements in the secondary pour of concrete that will fill the entire remaining region between the two groups of slabs.
  • Such intertieing of separate pours of concrete is a conventional practice in concrete construction.
  • the individual slabs of slab groups 50, 51 during their own fabrication may have additional reinforcing bars embedded therein so as to extend outwardly from the inner faces of the slabs, with the outwardly extending portions being bent appropriately, also for later encasement in the filling pour of concrete when it sets, to provide additional intertieing of the slabs with both pours of concrete, for further enhancing the integral consolidation, strength, rigidity, stability and other monolithic attributes of the structure.
  • the slabs 50, 51 can be seen to have eliminated the necessity for having to construct the later strip concrete pouring forms, resulting in much savings of time, materials and labor that would have been required to construct the resulting structure according to conventional methods.
  • a canal for confining the flow of a stream of water 56 may be fabricated by disposing a pair of groups 57, 58 of aligned precast concrete slabs in opposed facing relation to one another, and by integrating the bottoms of said groups 57, 58 by a mass of concrete 59 extending therebetween and through the bottom rectangular openings 57a, 58a of said groups.
  • Each group 57, 58 has the characteristics of a retaining wall such as that previously described with respect to Figure 5, and lies against an adjacent earthen mass 60, 61 respectively.
  • the two groups of slabs 57, 58 are preferably inclined somewhat to the vertical as illustrated in Figure 11, so that the channel provided therebetween is wider at its top than at its bottom.
  • the slabs in this application of the invention may also be tapered and reinforced in the manner disclosed for retaining walls.
  • the slabs of the present invention can also be employed to provide a basement and/or foundation for a building structure as illustrated in Figure 12.
  • the slabs can be aligned within ground trenches that are disposed in various orientations relative to one another, parallel, transverse, or at varying angles to one another, to provide boundary walls 62-65 inclusive, as well as interior walls such as 66-68 inclusive, all of which are disposed entirely or substantially entirely below grade.
  • one or more of the slabs can be of special configuration to provide openings in which doors such as 69 and 70 can be installed.
  • Figure 13 illustrates a building construction erected by use of the slabs and techniques of the present invention, adapted to be used for industrial or commercial purposes.
  • exterior walls such as 72, 73 and 74 as well as interior walls such as 75, all of which have only their lowermost portions below grade with the remainder of the walls extending above grade, may be erected by placement of plural slabs constructed in accordance with the present invention within ground trenches that are appropriately oriented relative to one another.
  • each slab such as 72a may be internally reinforced by a metallic mesh 72c similar to metal fencing material, and pairs of slabs 72a, 72b so constructed may be disposed within parallel, relatively closely adjacent or merging ground trenches, to provide a double wall construction.
  • Horizontal tie/separation bars or rods 72d may also be affixed to the inner faces of the opposing slabs for similar reasons as given for the flood control dam application shown in Figure 10.
  • the tie/separation bars or rods 72d have bifurcated end portions 73e integral therewith and extending transversely of the length of the bars or rods so as to enable them to pass over bolts 72f embedded in or otherwise fastened to the inner faces of the slabs for propoer positioning of the tie/separation bars or rods.
  • the bolts 72f may be threaded on their protruding ends to receive nuts, as shown in Figure 14b, to fasten the bars or rods 72f firmly to the slabs.
  • the tie/separation bars or rods may be provided with other forms of fastening means, as desired, and may be made adjustable in length for more precise spacing of the slabs, as by making the bar in two sections connected by a turnbuckle, for example.
  • each slab 72a, 72b may be filled if desired with various types of materials, according to the use intended for the structure, including sand, insulating material, radiation protection material, etc., or may be left as an air space.
  • the top edge of each slab is provided with a depression 27 of the type previously described with respect to Figure 2 which receives a roof beam 73' for supporting a roof structure of the type generally depicted in Figure 13.
  • Figure 14b shows another double wall construction which may be employed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the outer group of slabs 74a has a greater height than the inner group of slabs 74b
  • the lower ends of the two groups are each disposed below grade (indicated by ground level line 77) as in the other embodiments of the invention, and are integrated with one another by a mass of concrete which forms the interior floor 78 of the structure and which flows continuously from the floor portion of the structure through the horizontal rectangular openings at the bottom of each slab as indicated at 79 and 80.
  • the region between the two slab groups 74a, 74b can be filled with sand or other appropriate material.
  • generally horizontal concrete slabs 81, 82 can be disposed in spaced relation to one another to extend across the top of slab group 74b into abutting relation with slab group 74a and the region therebetween can be filled with a further mass of sand 83 or other material.
  • walls and ceiling which are effectively 1.22 m (four feet) thick can be fabricated by the techniques shown in Figure 14b by employing 15.2 cm (six-inches) thick concrete panels having 0.9 m (three feet) of filler material therebetween.
  • the rectangular openings such as 84 through which the integrating mass of concrete flows at the bottom of each slab can have curved edges such as 85 rather than straight edges, and can open as at 86 into the lowermost edge of each slab.
  • the opening 86 actually depicted in Figure 14b has a width which is only a fraction of the horizontal dimension of the opening 84, but the width of opening 86 can be increased to be as wide as, or substantially as wide as the horizontal dimension of the rectangular opening at the bottom of each slab.
  • the openings 86 into the base edge of the slabs may be used both for facilitating the flow of wet concrete from one side of the trench to the other through the slabs and for additional intertieing of reinforcing bars on both sides of the trench, for applications requiring heavy reinforcing.
  • the tie/separation bars or rods 87 are similar to those shown at 50b and 72d in Figures 10 and 14a.
  • Figures 15a and 15b illustrate a freeway divider employing a preferred form of divider slab 90 fabricated in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 15b is a cross-sectional view along the line 15b-15b of Figure 15a. Both figures show such divider slabs assembled in a trench as they appear just prior to, and ready for, the pour of encasing wet concrete.
  • the cross-sectional shape of this freeway divider slab is geometrically symmetrical and arrow shaped in its vertical direction, with the head of the slab 90' comprising a narrow top surface 91, from which downwardly and outwardly flaring, concave side surfaces 92 extend to meet narrow vertically disposed side surfaces 93.
  • the shape of the freeway divider slab's head portion as just described is conventional.
  • the combining of the conventionally shaped head of the slab with a base footing of the type of the present invention, along with the other features now to be described, comprises my improvements over the conventional freeway divider.
  • the slab At the lower edges of the side surfaces 93 the slab jogs in horizontally to meet the base footing portion 94 of the slab, in which is located the elongated rectangular shaped flow-through opening 95 which is similar to the other such flow-through openings already discussed above.
  • Reinforcing bars 96 which extend vertically through the upper portion of the slab, exit at their lower ends into the flow-through opening 95, where they are bent generally horizontally to extend outwardly in opposing directions for extension into the trench.
  • the slabs may be otherwise reinforced throughout in a conventional manner, if desired.
  • the pour should extend upwardly at least to the lower edges of the vertical side surfaces 93 of the heads of the slabs, so as to completely encase the base footing portions 94 of the slabs, and may be extended slightly upwardly onto the said vertical side surfaces 93, if desired.
  • FIGS 16a and 16b illustrate still another and most basic, form of slab according to the present invention, a simple base footing slab.
  • This type of base footing slab is for use where, for any reason, it is desired to have the associated wall structure constructed in a conventional manner of brick, stone, concrete block, cinder-block, etc.
  • the simple base footing type of slab shown in these figures can be used for all kinds of walls, including curtain walls, retaining walls, load-bearing walls, building foundation walls, both interior and exterior building walls, etc., as may be desired.
  • Figures 16a and 16b show how simple base footing slabs 100 can be used in constructing a basement where the basement floor 101 and the -base footing slabs are to be joined by a single pour of wet concrete into a monolithic floor/ foundation structure level with the top of the basement floor, and with a cinder-block, brick, or other multi-block masonry wall being built directly over the base footing slabs starting level with the top of the basement floor pour.
  • Figure 16a is a longitudinal view of a number of such simple base footing slabs 100 assembled in a trench 102 at the start of an encasing pour of wet concrete.
  • Figure 16b is a cross-sectional view along the line 16b-16b of Figure 16a.
  • Other simple base footing slabs may be placed in trenches running internally of and generally parallel and perpendicular to the respective peripheral base footing slab groups of the foundation, to provide additional foundation support where required for the basement floor and, through basement floor supported structural elements, to the superstructure of the building, which expedient is conventional in building construction.
  • the elevation chosen to which the bed of sand or gravel 104 will be levelled may vary, but is preferably such that when the base footing slabs 100 are placed in position on the bed of sand or gravel the top surfaces of the base footing slabs will come up exactly to, or slightly above, the elevation planned for the top surface of the basement floor pour.
  • the height, as well as other dimensions of the simple base footings may, of course, also be varied according to the structural requirements for individual buildings and foundation conditions.
  • each such elevation for the top surfaces of the base footing slabs there are advantages for each such elevation for the top surfaces of the base footing slabs.
  • the top surfaces of the base footing slabs can be used as a guide for screeding the common floor and trench pour to the design grade of the basement floor pour 101.
  • the junctures 105 of the top edges of the base footing slabs with the adjacent floor and trench pour will clearly show after the setting of the pour, so as to serve as a wall aligning guide to the masons for laying the bricks or blocks of the basement walls directly and accurately over the center of the footings.
  • the thickness of the simple base footing slabs is the same or greater than the design thickness of the basement wall. If the elevation chosen for the bed of sand or gravel 104 is such that the top surfaces of the base footing slabs come up slightly above the elevation planned for the basement floor pour, the built-in alignment guides for laying the brick or block of the basement walls will be even more pronounced.
  • the bed is then compacted and levelled to that elevation.
  • the base footing slabs 100 are properly aligned in the various runs of trenches and clinched together in a continuous network by the "J"-bolts 106, to rigidly stabilize the whole base footing structure preparatory to the pour of wet concrete.
  • the pouring of wet concrete 107 onto the floor cut 103, down into the trenches 102, and through the flow-through openings 108 in the base footing slabs can be commenced to embed the several base footing slabs into a monolithic foundation structure including the basement floor. After the foundation structure, or a significant portion thereof, has adequately set, the laying of brick or blocks 109 for the basement walls can be commenced.
  • buildings without basements where a concrete floor is placed directly on the ground, and which are desired to have brick, block or stone exterior walls, can also be constructed using simple base footing slabs according to the method just described.
  • Interior simple base footings either connected to the peripheral base footings or not, as desired, can also be incorporated into the monolithic floor/ foundation structure along proposed interior wall lines, and otherwise, for giving additional support to such interior walls and areas of the building that may be subjected to heavy floor loads.
  • the simple base footing slab can also be adapted to the construction of other conventional designs of brick or block buildings constructed without basements.
  • FIG 16c A construction such as this is shown in Figure 16c wherein 104a indicates the bed of sand or gravel on which the slabs 100a are levelled and aligned, 107a the common floor and trench pour, 100y the skirt wall formed by increasing the vertical dimensions of the simple base footing slab above the flow-through opening, and 109a the brick or block wall. Since, in this type of construction, the simple base footing slabs extend out of the trench pour and, therefore, will be directly exposed to weather and outside drainage conditions, it is preferable that the slabs be provided with some form of sealing means along their vertical edges as discussed in regard to Figures 9a through 9d.
  • Modified simple base footing slabs having their upper portions somewhat extended such as dicussed above and shown in Figure 16c can also be used in basement-less structures having a concrete floor spaced above the ground, as may be desired in areas subject to possible high ground water problems.
  • One such construction is shown in Figure 16d.
  • plain modified simple base footing slabs 100b similar to the slabs 100a of Figure 16c are embedded monolithically with one another, to the ground line, in trench 102b by a pour of wet concrete, similarly as described above in connection with the structures shown in Figures 16a, 16b and 16c, except that no ground level floor is poured integrally therewith.
  • any simple type of expendable form such as indicated at 110, 111 and 112 in Figure 16d is placed in the close defined by a number of the exterior base footing slabs 100b, the next adjacent generally parallel group of interior base footing slabs (not shown), and two adjacent groups of interior base footing slabs (also not shown) which are generally parallel to one another and mutually generally perpendicular to both the line of exterior base footing slabs and the said next adjacent generally parallel group of interior base footing slabs.
  • the interior base footing slabs can be desired of a height to come up only to the level of the top of the horizontal floor form member 111, so that a continuous floor may be poured throughout the building, passing over and resting for support on the tops of said interior base footing slabs.
  • the floor slab 101 is supported along the exterior base footing slabs by a downwardly extending leg 113 of concrete which is poured integrally with the floor slab 101b, and rests at its lower end on the previously set trench pour 107b.
  • the interior faces of the exterior base footing slabs 100b cooperate with the downwardly extending form member 110 to dispense with the necessity for an outer form member for forming leg 113 of the floor pour.
  • the floor slab may be additionally supported on the trench pours along the interior base footing slabs by downwardly extending legs similar to 113, this should not be necessary in most cases, because the interior support of the floor slab given by the interior base footing slabs will be adequate.
  • no vertical form member such as 110 will be necessary along the interior base footing slabs, and the horizontal form member 111 can be abutted directly against such interior base footing slabs with the top surface of the form member 111 being level with the top surfaces of the interior base footing slabs.
  • the form supporting members indicated at 112 will not be specifically described since they are intended only to represent any and all conventional manners of supporting above ground concrete floor forms.
  • Figures 16e shows a further modified form of simple base footing slab 100c which is especially adapted for use in the construction of conventional brick or block basement-less buildings having a concrete floor spaced above the ground, similar to the construction just discussed above and shown in Figure 16d.
  • this ledge is to support the floor slab 101c both while it is being poured and permanently thereafter, without the necessity of any side pouring form member such as 110 in Figure 16d.
  • Such ledges can also be cast along the upper sides of interior base footing slabs, if considered necessary in the design of a given building, for extra support of the floor slab 101c.
  • the length of the ledges on exterior and interior base footing slabs which do not intersect other base footing slabs can be coextensive with the slabs.
  • the length of the ledges can be interrupted for proper mating, as shown in Figure 16f, where examples of interior base footings 100d with ledges 114, and 100e without ledges, are shown intersecting exterior base footings 100c having such ledges.
  • Figure 16f shows the showing of two interior groups of base footings 100d and 100e so close in Figure 16f is for convenience of illustration only.
  • the common floor and trench pour shown in Figures 16a, 16b, and 16c may be reinforced by intertied networks of reinforcing bars, some of which pass from the floor into the trench and through the flow-through openings of the base footing slabs, as discussed earlier in this specification. Also, that the separate floor and trench pours shown in Figures 16d and 16e may also be reinforced with reinforcing bars.
  • reinforcing elements may be cast into the trench pour shown in Figure 16d, and into the ledges 114 and the interior base footing slabs such as shown, or described in reference to Figure 16e and 16f, so as to extend upwardly out of those members and into the pour of floor slabs such as 101 band 101 c, for encasement in the floor slabs when they set, for enhancing the rigidity of a given overall structure, which such intertieing of separate pours of concrete is a conventional practice in concrete construction.
  • a conventional wooden floor may be substituted for the concrete floor shown by running floor joists onto the ledges 114, for supporting conventional wooden subflooring over which a finished wooden floor can be placed.
  • other types of conventional floors can be adapted for support on such ledges 114.
  • exterior base footing slabs such as slab 100f in Figure 16f, which may be of less width than the others, but are thicker, can be inserted to serve as pilasters for conventional purposes. It is felt that other adaptations of the simple base footing slab to conventional methods of building construction should readily appear to those skilled in the art. The adaptations disclosed above have been included herein to demonstrate some measure of the potential versatility of such simple base footing slabs.
  • the various structures thus far described all use rectangular slabs of generally planar configuration and generally uniform width throughout.
  • the rectangular precast slabs of the present invention can be fabricated to exhibit a curvature in horizontal and/or vertical directions, such as might be employed in the construction of silos, wells, culverts, underground utility passageways, tunnels, underpasses, etc., or can also be fabricated to exhibit varying widths between the upper and lower edges of each slab.
  • One such alternative slab configuration, and a type of concrete structure which can be assembled by use of such modified slabs, is shown in Figures 17a, 17b and 17c.
  • a plurality of horizontally and vertically curved slabs 120 tapering symmetrically inwardly in width upwardly from a wider base width, and each of which is provided with complementarily shaped vertical edges 121 having, for example,,the tongue and groove and seal configurations such as previously described, can be assembled in side-by-side relation to one another in a substantially circular ground trench 122 to form an igloo-type structure.
  • the several slabs 120 are provided with elongated generally rectangular openings 123 for the reception of aligning and clinching "J"-bolts 124 which bolts, in this embodiment of the invention, are curved in their direction of elongation; and the slabs are then integrated with one another by a mass of anchoring material 125 which forms the interior floor of the structure and which extends continuously through the several openings 123 as depicted in Figure 17c.
  • anchoring materials either permanent or semipermanent in nature may be used, including materials that can be removed at a later data mechanically or otherwise, to permit disassembly of the structure for transportation, storage and later erection at some other location.
  • the anchoring material 125 can comprise a high strength portland cement concrete such as would be most appropriate for the other embodiments of the invention or, if design criteria permit, a structural light-weight concrete which would have less, but adequate, strength and better insulating characteristics for the floor. Any conventional floor covering, such as asphalt tile could be added.
  • the anchoring material 125 can comprise materials such as polyurethane foam which has the desirable characteristics of being both a good insulating material and a substantially waterproof material.
  • polyurethane is used as the anchoring material, it would require that the floor and trench pour be provided with a thin covering of abrasive resistant and structurally firm material, such as wood and/ or concrete, etc.
  • the trench may be merely back-filled with the soil previously removed in digging the trench, since this type of structure is basically self supporting, and an impermeable plastic membrane, bonded along its periphery to the inner face of the structure, at ground level, by an appropriate sealing compound, can serve as the floor of the structure.
  • One or more of the slabs 120 can be provided with a comparatively large opening 126 disposed adjacent to but entirely above ground level 127 to act as a doorway, and one or more of said slabs 120 can be provided with another opening such as 128 adapted to act as a window.
  • the uppermost edges of the assembled slabs define a generally circular opening having a diameter which is significantly less than the diameter of the structure at ground level 127, and this uppermost central opening can be closed by a domed cap 129 of precast concrete which rests on a shoulder 130 provided near the top edge of each slab, and which is adapted to be attached to the several slabs by cooperating clips and/or bolts of the types generally depicted at 131, 132 and 133.
  • the vertical curvature of the slabs 120 can be stopped at the ground level 127, so that the lower base footing portions of the slabs may together form a vertical and circular skirt 134 of constant diameter extending down into trench 122, as shown in Figure 17a.
  • sealing material can be provided between the adjacent elongated edges of the several slabs 120, as well as between the uppermost edges of slabs 120 and cap 129 and, in addition, connector clips can extend across the junctions between adjacent slabs to assist in fastening the slabs to one another and drawing them tightly together.
  • the types of construction which have thus been described are faster, more versatile, and represent a lower cost way of building many types of concrete structures than had been available heretofore.
  • the size and methods of handling the various concrete modules are not restricted except for allowable transportation load limits.
  • the engineering design of the various modules are standardized to incorporate multi and various types of handling devices, interlocking "V"-shaped tongues and grooves for wall and roof slabs, close tolerance alignment holes, a base footing incorporated into the wall section, monolithic type pilasters, openings for windows, doors, and utility fixtures and lines.
  • archi- tecturally aesthetic designs can be precast into the surfaces of the slabs.
  • Openings can be precast in the modules to make the sections compatible with common and easily obtainable handling devices such as forklifts, A-frames, dollies, cherry pickers, cranes, flatbed trucks, etc.
  • the interlocking edge tongues and grooves in the wall and roof slabs are designed for nonchipping and are adapted to quickly and accurately mate one slab to another without the use of mortar.
  • Precast standardized close tolerance alignment holes are conveniently located for inserting additional reinforcement rods and these rods can be used for rapid and accurate aligning, levelling, and tying together of two or more series of slabs.
  • the base-footing in the wall slab is designed to provide optimum stress and shear values for walltype constructions.
  • each slab allows for the free passage of wet concrete to encapsulate the lower section of the slab as a part of the building foundation and/or footing, and this base-footing feature eliminates the need for the costly and time-consuming practice of setting up and dismantling foundation forms.
  • precast components of the type described from a manufacturing site to a construction site can be accomplished at a lower rate than can be effected to transport an equivalent amount of wet concrete and reinforcing materials.
  • Flat bed trailers with inexpensive removal racks can be used for transporting the modules to a construction site, then left loaded at the construction site while the tractor returns an empty trailer to the manufacturing site, thereby eliminating need for wet concrete carriers that are subject to the high cost of capital expense, maintenance, and driver stand-by time prior to and during a concrete pouring activity.
  • the exact amount of precast concrete to be transported can be predetermined, in contrast to wet-carriers which, on many occasions, have excess material that must be discarded as waste.
  • modules of the present invention and concrete structures erected by use of such modules, effect major cost savings while achieving the fabrication of configurations which are in many cases far stronger than those built by prior art techniques.
  • precast base footing slabs disclosed in this specification have been described as being cast of concrete and, except for certain applications of the igloo-type structure, monolithically joined to floors and/or foundations by concrete, it is considered to be within the contemplation of this invention that any of these types of slabs may be cast of any available moldable material suitable for any uses of the structures disclosed, with any type of compatible anchoring material. Also, that any individual auxiliary feature, or combinations thereof, such as tongue and groove connections, sealing arrangements, ties, etc., or methods disclosed in connection with any one type of slab or structure disclosed may, under appropriate conditions, be left out of the structures with which they are shown or mentioned, or be used with any other type of slab or structure disclosed or similar thereto.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Claims (32)

1. Dalle en béton préfabriquée destinée à être placée dans une paroi ou analogue d'une construction de bâtiment, sur champ et adjacente à d'autres dalles pareilles pour former une construction de bâtiment, cette dalle en béton préfabriquée ayant une forme essentiellement rectangulaire et possédant des moyens pour l'aligner avec des dalles adjacentes quand la dalle a été placée contiguë à d'autres dalles dans la construction de bâtiment, caractérisée en ce que les dits moyens comprennent au moins une ouverture (20) de forme allongée rectangulaire située entièrement à l'intérieur de tous les bords de la dalle, la direction de cette ouverture allongée rectangulaire dans la dalle étant transversale à deux bords opposés de la dalle, et en ce que les dits moyens comprennent en outre au moins une paire d'alésages alignés (24, 25) qui sont situés respectivement entre les dits bords opposés de la dalle et les bords opposés plus courts de l'ouverture rectangulaire dans la dalle, le diamètre de chacun de ces alésages étant considérablement plus petit que la longueur des bords opposés plus courts de l'ouverture, la longueur de l'ouverture rectangulaire étant plus grande que la longueur combinée des dits alésages afin de permettre l'insertion d'un élément allongé d'alignement et de fixation (15) dans l'ouverture de la dalle pour passage à partir de l'ouverture par l'un des alésages dans la dalle et par un alésage aligné pareil dans une dalle adjacente de construction similaire et dans l'ouverture rectangulaire de cette dalle adjacente, et la largeur de l'ouverture rectangulaire étant suffisamment grande pour permettre le maniement commode de l'élément allongé d'alignement et de fixation par des outils à main insérés dans l'ouverture rectangulaire pendant l'alignement et la fixation de la dalle avec la dalle adjacente de la construction de bâtiment.
2. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'ouverture rectangulaire est disposée dans la dalle de manière à être située entièrement au-dessous du niveau du tetrain quand une extrémité de la dalle est placée dans une tranchée (12), de sorte que l'ouverture rectangulaire laisse passer un matériau d'ancrage fluide (17) et soit remplie de celui-ci quand ce matériau est coulé dans la tranchée après que la dite extrémité de la dalle a été placée dans la tranchée..
3. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le hauteur verticale de la dalle est plus grande que la largeur horizontale de la dalle.
4. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les faces opposées de la dalle ont chacune une configuration courbe.
5. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les formes des sections transversale des dits bords opposés de la dalle ont une configuration de rainure respectivement de languette (28, 29).
6. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que dans au moins un des dits bords opposés de la dalle est prévue une dépression (48) allongée s'étendant sur la longueur du bord pour la réception d'une longueur d'un matériau étanchéifiant élastique (49, 49a, 49b) destiné à produire un joint étanche à l'eau entre ce bord et un bord extérieur de forme complémentaire d'une dalle adjacente avec laquelle la dite dalle est assemblée.
7. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le dit au moins un des bords allongés présente une configuration de rainure et en ce que la dépression (48) allongée est située dans la base de la reinure et présente une section transversale en forme de V.
8. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la dite ouverture allongée rectangulaire possède un bord inférieur dont une partie (21) est ouverte vers le bord le plus bas de la dalle.
9. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce qu'une ouverture additionnelle (26) est disposée dans la dalle plus proche du bord le plus haut de la dalle que du bord supérieur horizontal de l'ouverture rectangulaire, cette ouverture additionnelle étant destinée à coopérer avec un engin de levage pour faciliter le maniement et le placement vertical de la dalle dans la tranchée dans le terrain.
10. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce qu'une ouverture additionnelle (36) est disposée dans la dalle relativement proche du bord supérieure horizontal de l'ouverture rectangulaire, cette ouverture additionnelle étant déstinée à fonctionner comme trou de drainage à travers la dalle.
11. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de la dalle est à un maximum près de la dite extrémité de la dalle, et diminue vers l'autre extrémité de la dalle.
12. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la dalle (120) présente une configuration courbe dans la direction de sa hauteur.
13. Dalle en béton préfabriquée selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la dalle (120) présente une configuration courbe dans la direction de sa largeur.
14. Construction en béton comprenant une pluralité de dalles en béton préfabriquées de même construction, essentiellement rectangulaires et orientées essentiellement verticalement, placées avec leurs bords adjacents les uns aux autres, avec des moyens structurels qui s'étendent dans une direction essentiellement horizontale entre des dalles voisines et en prise avec celles-ci pour aligner ces dalles horizontalement et verticalement les unes avec les autres, l'extrémité inférieure de chacune des dalles étant placées dans une tranchée de fondation dans le terrain, chacune des dalles possédant des moyens pour produire un ancrage horizontal et vertical positif fixe des dalles dans la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain, quand les dalles en béton préfabriquées ont été placées adjacentes les unes aux autres dans la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain, par une coulée d'un matériau d'ancrage fluide qui remplit la tranchée dans le terrain, caractérisée en ce que les moyens pour positivement fixer chacune des dalles comprennent une ouverture (20) allongée essentiellement rectangulaire qui s'étend dans une direction essentiellement horizontale et qui est située dans la tranchée (12) de fondation dans leterrain en une position entièrement au-dessous du niveau du terrain, la dimension horizontale de l'ouverture rectangulaire dans chacune des dalles étant égale à au moins un peu plus que la moitié de la largeur de la dalle, et en ce que les dits moyens structurels comprennent un premier alésage (24) débouchant dans un des bord essentiellement verticaux de la dalle et s'étendant horizontalement depuis ce bord vers un des bords essentiellement verticaux de l'ouverture rectangulaire dans la dalle pour y déboucher, et un second alésage (25) débouchant dans l'autre des bords essentiellement verticaux de la dalle et s'étendant horizontalement depuis ce bord vers l'autre des bords essentiellement verticaux de l'ouverture rectangulaire dans la dalle poury déboucher, le premier et le second alésages étant alignés l'un avec l'autre et débouchant dans les bords essentiellement verticaux de l'ouverture rectangulaire en des endroits espacés des bords horizontaux supérieur et inférieur de l'ouverture rectangulaire, un élément allongé (15) comprenant un boulon allongé s'étendant continuellement par le premier alésage dans la dalle et par le second alésage dans une dalle adjacente et possédant une longueur qui est plus grande que la largeur combinée des parties de chacune de ces dalles entre les bords essentiellement verticaux de la dalle et les bords voisins essentiellement verticaux de l'ouverture rectangulaire dans la dalle, et la hauteur de l'ouverture rectangulaire dans chacune des dalles étant suffisamment grande pour permettre l'insertion dans ces ouvertures d'outils à main servant à fixer le boulon à sa place, et un matériau d'ancrage (17) fluide remplissant la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain et s'étendant depuis un côté de chacune des dalles à travers l'ouverture rectangulaire dans la dalle à l'autre côté de la dalle, remplissant l'ouverture rectangulaire, pour positivement retenir les dalles dans la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain en une position horizontale et verticale fixe.
15. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur verticale de chacune des dalles est plus grande que sa largeur horizontale et en ce que les bords opposés s'étendant essentiellement verticalement de chacune des dalles ont des formes (28) telles qu'ils se conforment à des bords s'étendant essentiellement verticalement des dalles adjacentes qui ont une forme (29) complémentaire.
16. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que dans au moins un des bords s'étendant essentiellement verticalement de chacune des dalles est formée une dépression qui s'étend sur la longueur de ce bord et qui forme un canal (38) s'étendant verticalement entre le dit bord et le bord conformé de forme complémentaire d'une dalle adjacente pour recevoir un matériau étanchéifiant (49, 49a, 49b) dans ce canal afin de former un joint étanche à l'eau entre les bords conformés des dalles adjacentes.
17. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un élément de fixation (44) en forme de U dont la base (44a) s'étend au travers du joint entre les bords conformés s'étendant verticalement d'une paire de dalles adjacentes et dont les bras (44b) sont encastrés chacune dans une des deux dalles.
18. Construction en béton selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que les bras de l'élément de fixation en forme de U s'étendent essentiellement verticalement et sont encastrés dans les deux dalles adjacentes aux extrémités supérieures des dalles.
19. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que le matériau d'ancrage est du béton.
20. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que le matériau d'ancrage est du gravier.
21. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que la pluralité de dalles comprend un premier groupe des dalles qui sont disposées dans une première tranchée allongée (50a, 57a) dans le terrain, et un second groupe des dalles qui sont disposées dans une seconde tranchée allongée (51 a, 58a) dans le terrain, cette seconde tranchée s'étendant essentiellement parallèlement à et à une distance de la première tranchée dans le terrain.
22. Construction en béton selon la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce que la première et la seconde tranchées dans le terrain sont situées à une distance relativement courte l'une de l'autre de sorte que le premier et le second groupe des dalles (72a, 72b, 74a, 74b) forment une structure de double paroi.
23. Construction en béton selon la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un corps de sable (53) remplissant la région entre le premier et le second groupes des dalles.
24. Construction en béton selon la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce que la première et la seconde tranchées dans le terrain sont situées à une distance relativement grande l'une de l'autre de sorte que le premier et le second groupes des dalles (57, 58) forment un canal (56) entre eux.
25. Construction en béton la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce que les deux groupes de dalles sont raccordés entre eux entre les parties supérieures de leurs tranchées respectives par un plancher en béton (52, 59) qui est formé par une coulée commune de matériau d'ancrage dans les deux tranchées et sur la surface du sol entre celles-ci de manière à joindre monolithiquement les deux groupes de dalles et le plancher.
26. Construction en béton selon la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce que le premier et le second groupes de dalles (57, 58) sont inclinés l'un par rapport à l'autre de sorte que la distance entre les extrémités supérieures des groupes de dalles soit différente de la distance entre les extrémités inférieures des groupes de dalles.
27. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que chacune des dalles (120) est courbe en deux dimensions de sorte que la pluralité de dalles forme une configuration géodésique.
28. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que chacune des dalles (120) est courbe en au moins une dimension de sorte que la pluralité de dalles forme une configuration essentiellement circulaire.
29. Construction en béton selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que chacune des dalles est courbe en au moins une dimension de sorte que la pluralité de dalles forme une configuration essentiellement tubulaire.
30. Procédé de formation d'une construction en béton, dans lequel une pluralité de dalles en béton de même construction, essentiellement rectangulaires, est préfabriquée à un endroit de fabrication, chacune des dalles possédant au moins un alésage qui s'ézend à travers la dalle dans la direction de sa largeur, caractérisé en ce que chaque (S) a une ouverture (20) allongée rectangulaire près de l'un de ses extrémités, s'étendant dans la direction de la largeur de la dalle et possédant dans cette direction une longueur qui est au moins un peu plus grande que la moitié de la largeur de la dalle; les dalles en béton préfabriquées sont transportées de l'endroit de fabrication à un emplacement de construction; une tranchée (12) de fondation dans le terrain est creusée à l'emplacement de construction; les dalles en béton préfabriquées de la pluralité sont alors successivement, l'une après l'autre, placées dans la tranchée en une orientation essentiellement verticale, les ouvertures rectangulaires des dalles étant toutes situées entièrement au-dessous du niveau du terrain dans la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain, et les bords essentiellement verticaux de chacune des dalles s'étendant vers le haut en dehors de la tranchée et adjacents aux bords essentiellement verticaux des dalles immédiatement voisines; puis chacune des dalles en béton préfabriquées est alignée horizontalement et verticalement par rapport à une dalle en béton préfabriquée immédiatement voisine en faisant passer un boulon allongé (15) depuis l'ouverture allongée rectangulaire dans une des dalles à travers l'une de deux alésages alignés (24, 25) dans cette dalle, à travers l'une de deux alésages alignés similaires dans une dalle immédiatement voisine et dans l'ouverture allongée rectangulaire dans cette dalle immédiatement voisine, et en tirant les extrémités opposées (15a, 15b) des boulons au contact avec les bords verticaux adjacents des ouvertures allongées rectangulaires des dalles voisines; et puis les dalles en béton préfabriquées sont solidement structurellement ancrées en place dans la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain, à la fois horizontalement et verticalement, en faisant couler un matériau d'ancrage fluide dans la tranchée de fondation dans le terrain pour remplir cette tranchée, le matériau d'ancrage fluide passant d'un côté de chacune des dalles en béton à l'autre côté de celle-ci à travers les ouvertures allongées rectangulaires dans les dalles en béton préfabriquées, les dits boulons étant encastrés dans le matériau d'ancrage pendant l'étape d'ancrage.
31. Procédé selon la revendication 30, caractérisé en ce que la boulon a une forme en J, présentant à une de ses extrémités une partie courbe qui est en contact avec le bord vertical de l'ouverture allongée rectangulaire dans une des dalles, et à l'autre extrémité une partie filetée qui s'étend dans l'ouverture allongée rectangulaire dans la dalle immédiatement voisine, et en ce que pour la fixation mécanique un écrou est placé sur la partie filetée du boulon et est tourné à l'aide d'un outil à main inséré dans l'ouverture allongée rectangulaire dans la dalle immédiatement voisine pour produire une force de serrage axiale entre les dalles voisines dans la direction de leurs largeurs.
32. Procédé selon la revendication 30, caractérisé en ce que du béton humide est coulé dans la tranchée dans le terrain pendant l'étape d'ancrage.
EP81901849A 1981-06-01 1981-06-01 Panneaux en beton prefabrique a usages multiples et procedes de construction de structures en beton les utilisant Expired EP0079887B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81901849T ATE39518T1 (de) 1981-06-01 1981-06-01 Vorgefertigte mehrzweckbetonpaneele, sowie verfahren zur konstruktion von betonbauwerken unter verwendung derselben.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1981/000727 WO1982004273A1 (fr) 1981-06-01 1981-06-01 Panneaux en beton prefabrique a usages multiples et procedes de construction de structures en beton les utilisant

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079887A1 EP0079887A1 (fr) 1983-06-01
EP0079887A4 EP0079887A4 (fr) 1985-10-14
EP0079887B1 true EP0079887B1 (fr) 1988-12-28

Family

ID=22161261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81901849A Expired EP0079887B1 (fr) 1981-06-01 1981-06-01 Panneaux en beton prefabrique a usages multiples et procedes de construction de structures en beton les utilisant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0079887B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE39518T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8109025A (fr)
DE (1) DE3176958D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982004273A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018119213A1 (de) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-13 Berthold Kuhnle Bauunternehmung GmbH u.Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauwerks
US11371205B2 (en) * 2019-08-20 2022-06-28 1563100 Alberta Ltd. Insulation system for a building

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2245629A (en) * 1990-07-06 1992-01-08 Leonard David Foresy Concrete blocks
SG109988A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2005-04-28 Eng Shyan Toh Pre-cast panel and a method of constructing a wall structure using pre-cast panels
FR2936262B1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2013-12-13 Rector Lesage Procede de construction d'un batiment, element prefabrique pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede et batiment obtenu
DE202012013305U1 (de) * 2012-03-23 2016-02-15 F&F Agrarbau GmbH Wandelement
US9234349B1 (en) 2013-08-30 2016-01-12 Convergent Market Research, Inc. Concrete panel system and method for forming reinforced concrete building components
US10605402B2 (en) 2017-01-17 2020-03-31 GreenShield Industries Rebar reinforced foundation systems with embedded leveling vials
CN110258831B (zh) * 2019-06-25 2024-05-03 南京长江都市建筑设计股份有限公司 一种预制混凝土外挂墙板结构底部排水结构及施工方法

Family Cites Families (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA512846A (fr) * 1955-05-17 Pryke Fordham Etayage de constructions
US1317137A (en) * 1919-09-23 Planoqraph co
US932261A (en) * 1909-01-20 1909-08-24 John T Flynn Reinforced construction of walls.
US1421124A (en) * 1918-05-11 1922-06-27 Brandt Lewis House construction
US1349166A (en) * 1918-05-25 1920-08-10 Paff Charles Retaining-wall for embankments
US1371709A (en) * 1920-07-06 1921-03-15 Stockfleth John Sheet-piling construction
US1539033A (en) * 1924-06-21 1925-05-26 Youngblood James Algernon Method of and means for reenforcing wall foundations
US1640065A (en) * 1926-09-24 1927-08-23 Sadie H Blaw Interior wall
US1892605A (en) * 1931-10-20 1932-12-27 Betzler Paul Wall construction
US2200636A (en) * 1936-04-13 1940-05-14 Roy Lacy Metal wall building construction
FR944569A (fr) * 1947-03-21 1949-04-08 éléments préfabriqués en béton armé et leur application à la construction
US2611262A (en) * 1949-10-21 1952-09-23 Glenn R Dodson Reinforcing rod connection in block walls
US2695159A (en) * 1952-12-15 1954-11-23 Bridwell Gail Laurence Precast fence
US2940294A (en) * 1955-05-02 1960-06-14 John A Carlson Building construction
US2815656A (en) * 1956-01-13 1957-12-10 E L Markham Jr Building construction
US3119204A (en) * 1960-06-10 1964-01-28 Gladys M Williams Sealing device for building structure joints
US3295286A (en) * 1961-05-31 1967-01-03 Owens Illinois Inc Cementitious slab with bolt means
US3172392A (en) * 1962-11-30 1965-03-09 Alfred W Schultz Hog farrowing house
US3195312A (en) * 1963-10-11 1965-07-20 Mirrison Knudsen Company Inc Method for erecting precast retaining wall
DE2000024A1 (de) * 1970-01-02 1971-07-08 Erich Allendoerfer Betonfertigbauteil und Verfahren zu dessen Verbindung
US3678815A (en) * 1970-08-27 1972-07-25 George C Younker Concrete structural member
US3685241A (en) * 1971-04-19 1972-08-22 Russell C Cooper Wall construction
US3818658A (en) * 1972-06-07 1974-06-25 E Slaven Wall module
JPS4917514A (fr) * 1972-06-12 1974-02-16
US4015383A (en) * 1973-11-23 1977-04-05 Crowley Francis X Concrete tank of precast concrete panels with pretensioning beam means
US4145861A (en) * 1975-01-07 1979-03-27 Ralph Yarnick Building construction method and system
US4105353A (en) * 1975-10-14 1978-08-08 Bork C Gary Barrier with internal drainage duct
SU547499A1 (ru) * 1975-11-27 1977-02-25 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Основания И Подземных Сооружений Им.Н.М.Герсеванова Фундаментный блок сооружени
US4127971A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-12-05 Rojo Jr Agustin Building constructed of precast L-shaped concrete units
FR2432074A2 (fr) * 1978-07-25 1980-02-22 Batiment General Systeme de construction de batiments d'habitation, et notamment de maisons individuelles

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018119213A1 (de) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-13 Berthold Kuhnle Bauunternehmung GmbH u.Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauwerks
DE102018119213B4 (de) * 2018-08-07 2020-07-02 Berthold Kuhnle Bauunternehmung GmbH u.Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauwerks
US11371205B2 (en) * 2019-08-20 2022-06-28 1563100 Alberta Ltd. Insulation system for a building

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3176958D1 (en) 1989-02-02
WO1982004273A1 (fr) 1982-12-09
EP0079887A1 (fr) 1983-06-01
BR8109025A (pt) 1983-05-10
EP0079887A4 (fr) 1985-10-14
ATE39518T1 (de) 1989-01-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4290246A (en) Multi-purpose precast concrete panels, and methods of constructing concrete structures employing the same
US5367845A (en) System for building a structure
US5860262A (en) Permanent panelized mold apparatus and method for casting monolithic concrete structures in situ
US20160340855A1 (en) Modular construction mold apparatus and method for constructing concrete buildings and structures
US4918891A (en) Precast concrete foundation elements and system and method of using same
US4843658A (en) Swimming pool and method of construction
US6920728B2 (en) Column and beam construction and method
US20080184648A1 (en) Materials and methods for constructing a block wall
US5217326A (en) Supports for building structures
CA1046297A (fr) Element precoule pour l'amenagement de tranchees et methode connexe
KR102208793B1 (ko) 주열식 벽체를 이용한 지중구조물 및 그 시공방법
US4836714A (en) Enclosed structures of very large cross-section, such as conduits, silos or shelters
EP0079887B1 (fr) Panneaux en beton prefabrique a usages multiples et procedes de construction de structures en beton les utilisant
US4903450A (en) Concrete footer block and foundation system formed therefrom
GB2240350A (en) Forming foundation beams
US20030033773A1 (en) Foundation construction
US5893254A (en) Brick wall on piers
US5871307A (en) Pre-cast concrete panel wall
US4880334A (en) Tunnel construction apparatus and method
RU59650U1 (ru) Сейсмостойкое малоэтажное здание, сооружение
CA1296916C (fr) Panneau de construction et methode de faconnage connexe
CA2171897C (fr) Facade-panneau en beton prefabrique
JP2501709B2 (ja) 基礎構造
JPH11323958A (ja) 建築物の施工方法とこれに用いるコンクリート製品
US20030084630A1 (en) Perimeter walls

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19821115

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870304

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19881228

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19881228

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19881228

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19881228

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19881228

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19881228

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 39518

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890115

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3176958

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890202

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EN Fr: translation not filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19890531

Year of fee payment: 9

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19890630

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19890831

Year of fee payment: 9

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19900601

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19910301